DK157679B - N-benzoyl-n'-phenoxyphenylurinstoffer, skadedyrsbekaempelsesmiddel og fremgangsmaade til bekaempelse af skadelige organismer - Google Patents
N-benzoyl-n'-phenoxyphenylurinstoffer, skadedyrsbekaempelsesmiddel og fremgangsmaade til bekaempelse af skadelige organismer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK157679B DK157679B DK049482A DK49482A DK157679B DK 157679 B DK157679 B DK 157679B DK 049482 A DK049482 A DK 049482A DK 49482 A DK49482 A DK 49482A DK 157679 B DK157679 B DK 157679B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- chlorine
- fluorine
- bromine
- methyl
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C275/00—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C275/46—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups containing any of the groups, X being a hetero atom, Y being any atom, e.g. acylureas
- C07C275/48—Y being a hydrogen or a carbon atom
- C07C275/54—Y being a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring, e.g. benzoylureas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
DK 157679B
Opfindelsen angår hidtil ukendte N-benzoyl-N'-phenoxy-phenylurinstoffer, bekæmpelsesmidler til skadelige organismer, der indeholder disse forbindelser som aktive stoffer, og en fremgangsmåde til bekæmpelse af skadelige 5 organismer.
Det er allerede kendt, at N-benzoyl-N1-phenylurinstoffer kan anvendes som insekticider (J. Agr. Food Chem. 21, 348 (1973); DE offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 25 31 202).
Den insekticide aktivitet af disse kendte N-benzoyl-N1 -10 phenylurinstoffer er dog utilfredsstillende.
Det er således opfindelsens formål at tilvejebringe N-benzoyl-N'-phenylurinstoffer, der udviser bedre insekticid aktivitet end de kendte N-benzoyl-N'-phenylurinstof fer.
15 N-benzoyl-N'-phenoxyphenylurinstofferne ifølge opfindel sen er ejendommelige ved det i den kendtegnende del af krav 1 angivne.
Opfindelsen angår endvidere et skadedyrsbekæmpelses-middel, der er ejendommeligt ved det i den kendeteg-20 nende del af krav 4 angivne.
Endelig angår opfindelsen en fremgangsmåde til bekæmpelse af skadelige organismer, hvilken fremgangsmåde er ejendommelig ved det i den kendetegnende del af krav 5 angivne.
25 Det har vist sig, at forbindelserne ifølge opfindelsen opfylder opfindelsens formål, idet de kan bekæmpe skadelige organismer, især insekter, på mere virksom måde end kendte N-benzoyl-N'-phenoxyphenylurinstoffer. Dette vil blive dokumenteret ved sammenlignings forsøg, der 30 figurerer senere i denne beskrivelse og som omfatter 2
DK 157679B
et stort antal urinstofderivater ifølge opfindelsen med stor variationsbredde hvad angår substituenterne R, Z, X og Y. Ued disse sammenligningsforsøg er der anvendt følgende sammenligningsforbindelser, der repræ-5 senterer den kendte teknik: A N-(2-methyl-benzoyl)-N'-[3-chor-4- Eksempel 3 fra (4-chlorphenoxy)-phenyl]-urinstof DE-A-25 31 302 B N-(2-chlor-benzoyl)-N1-[3-chlor-4- Eksempel 2 fra (4-chlorphenoxy)-phenyl]-urinstof DE-A-25 31 202 10 C N-(2,6-dichlorbenzoyl)-N'-[4- Eksempel 14 fra (4-chlorphenoxy)-phenyl]--urinstof Tabel III i J. Agr. Food, Chem. side 353
Som eksempler på den betydning af R, der omfatter en med chlor og/eller fluor substitueret alkoxygruppe med 1-4 carbonatomer, kan anføres: trifluormethoxy, 1,1,2,2-15 tetrafluorethoxy, difluormethoxy, 2-chlor2,1,1-trifluor- ethoxy og 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluorpropoxy, som eksempler på den betydning af R, der omfatter en alkylgruppe med 1-3 carbonatomer, skal anføres: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl og isopropyl, fortrinsvis methyl, og som eksempler på 20 den betydning af R, der omfatter en 2-hydroxyhexahalo- genisopropylgruppe, skal anføres: 2-hydroxyhexafluor-isopropylgruppen, 2-hydroxychlorpenta-fluorisopropyl-gruppen, 2-hydroxy-dichlortetrafluorisopropylgruppen og 2-hydroxytrichlortrifluorisopropylgruppen.
25 Foretrukne forbindelser med formel (I) er sådanne, i hvilke X er chlor i o-stilling og n er 1 eller X er chlor eller fluor i o-stilling og n er 2.
3
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N-benzoyl-N'-phenoxyphenylurinstofferne med formel I fremstilles ved, at man a) omsætter en forbindelse med formlen
__ R
(li)
Y Z
hvori Y, Z og R har de i krav 1 angivne betydninger, 5 med et benzoylisocyanat med formlen j^~^-CO-NCO (III)
Xn _ hvori X og n har de i krav 1 angivne betydninger, eller b) at man omsætter en forbindelse med formlen
R
QCN-^~^-0-^^ · (IV)
Y Z
hvori Y, Z og R har de i krav 1 angivne betydninger, med et benzamid med formlen (V)
V
10 hvori X og n har de i krav 1 angivne betydninger.
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Begge omsætninger gennemføres fortrinsvis i opløsningseller fortyndingsmidler. Som sådanne kommer praktisk talt alle indifferente organiske opløsningsmidler i betragtning. Hertil hører især aliphatiske og aromatiske, 5 eventuelt chlorerede eller nitrerede carbonhydrider, såsom benzen, chlorbenzener, benzin, carbontetrachlorid, 1,2-dichlorethan, methylenchlorid, nitromethan, cycliske og acycliske ethere, såsom diethylether, dibutylether, tetrahydrofuran og dioxan, acycliske og cycliske ketoner, 10 såsom acetone, methylethylketon, methylisopropylketon, cyclohexanon, desuden nitriler, såsom acetonitril og benzonitril. Også blandinger af disse opløsningsmidler kan anvendes.
Ved omsætning a) kan reaktionstemperaturen varieres 15 inden for et større område. Den ligger i reglen mel lem 0 og 80 °C, fortrinsvis mellem 20 og 60 °C. I dette foretrukne område forløber omsætningen uden yderligere afkøling. Ved omsætning b) kan temperaturen varieres mellem 20 og 160 °C, og fortrinsvis arbejder man ved 20 en temperatur mellem 80 og 130 °C.
Man lader i almindelighed omsætningen forløbe under normalt tryk.
Reaktionskomponenterne anvendes fortrinsvis i ækvimolært forhold. Et overskud af den ene eller den anden komponent 25 frembringer ingen væsentlige fordele. Omsætningen forløber praktisk talt kvantitativt.
Forbindelserne ifølge opfindelsen fremkommer sædvanligvis- i analyseren tilstand; i modsat fald kan de renses yderligere ved omkrystallisation. Elementæranalyse og 30 smeltepunkt tjener til karakterisering deraf.
Ved gennemførelse af fremgangsmådevarianten a) bringer
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5 man hensigtsmæssigt det substituerede anilin med formel II til at foreligge sammen med opløsnings- eller fortyndingsmidlet, og derpå tilsættes en ækvimolær mængde af isocyanat med formlen III. Efter en reaktionstid 5 på flere timer, i reglen to timer, frasuges produktet,
eller reakt »ionsopløsningen befries fra opløsningsmiddel på en rotationsfordamper. Derpå tørres produktet under reduceret tryk. Ved fremgangsmådevariant b) andrager reaktionsvarigheden 2 til 6 timer. Pehoxyanilinerne 10 med formel II og benzoylisocyanaterne med formel III
lader sig fremstille i henhold til kendte metoder (J.
Org. Chem. 2J3, 1805 til 1811 (1963)); Weygand-Hilgetag, Organisch-Chemische Experimentierkunst, 4. oplag, J.A. Barth-Verlag, Leipzig, 1970, s. 374, 510 (ff). Amin-15 grupperne i forbindelserne med formel II kan i henhold til kendte metoder, f.eks. ved omsætning med phosgen, omdannes til isocyanatgruppen, hvorved man opnår forbindelserne med formel IV.
Fremstillinqseksempel 20 7,1 g 3-brom-4-(4-fluorphenoxy)-anilin opløses ved stue temperatur i 50 ml toluen. Derpå tildryppes 4,9 g 2,6-difluorbenzoylisocyanat, hvorved temperaturen stiger 15 °C. Derpå omrører man en time ved 50 QC, afkøler og suger bundfaldet fra. Man opnår 8,5 g N-(2,6-difluor-25 benzoyl)-N'-[4-(4-fluorphenoxy)-3-bromphenyl]-urinstof, smp. 162-164 °C (aktivt stof nr. 1).
Følgende forbindelser lader sig f.eks. fremstille analogt med ovennævnte fremgangsmåde a) eller i henhold til fremgangsmåde b): ~n y z 6
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nr. Y Z R smp. [°C] 2 2-F, 6-F Cl H 4-0CHF2 148-153 3 2-F, 6-F Cl H 4-0CD2CHClF 156-159 4 2-C1, 6-C1 Cl H 4-0CHF2 f 171-174 5 2-C1, 6-C1 Cl H 4-0CF2CHClF 129-139 6 2-C1 Cl H 4-0CF2CHClF 128-130 7 2-C1, 6-C1 Cl 3-C1 4-C1 240-242 8 2-C1 Cl 3-C1 4-C1 200-202 9 2-F, 6-F Cl 3-C1 4-C1 217-220 10 2-F Cl 3-C1 4-C1 186-187 11 2-F, 6-F Cl H 4-C(0H)(CC^)2170-185 12 2-C1 Cl H 4-C(0H)(CF3)2165-177 13 2-C1 Η H 4-0CF2-CHClF2169-173 14 2-F, 6-F Η H 4-0CF2-CHClF2184-186 15 2-C1 Cl H 4-Br 155-156 16 2-C1 Br H 4-F 162-164 17 2-C1, 6-C1 F H 4-CH^ 212-217 18 2-C1 F H 4-CH3 168-173 19 2-F, 6-F D H 4-CH? 195-200 20 2-F, 6-F N02 H 4-C1 196-200 21 2-C1 N02 H 4-C1 186-191 22 2-F, 6-F HH 4-0CHF2 214-216 23 2-F, 6-F Cl H 4-0CF2CHFCF3 144-146 24 2-F, 6-F H 3-C1 5-C1 220-225 25 2-C1, 6-C1 H 3-C1 5-C1 231-234 26 2-C1 H 3-C1 5-C1 223-226 27 2-C1, 6-F Cl H 4-0CHF2 125-133 28 2-F, 6-F Cl H 4-0CF2CF2H 140-142 29 2-C1 Cl H 4-0CF2CF2H 136-138 N-benzoyl-N'-phenoxyphenylurinstofferne med formel I ifølg-e opfindelsen er velegnede til på effektiv måde at bekæmpe skadelige organismer fra klassen omfattende insekter. De er velegnede adulticider og ovicider og 5 kan anvendes til plantebeskyttelse samt i hygiejne-, 7
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forrådsbeskyttelses- og veterinærsektoren som bekæmpelsesmidler til skadelige organismer.
Til de skadelige insekter hører fra ordenen omfattende sommerfugle (Lepidoptera) f.eks. Plutella maculi-5 pennis, Leucoptera coffeella, Hyponomeuta malinellus,
Argyresthia conjugella, Sitotroga cerealella, Phtho-rimaea operculella, Capua reticulana, Sparganothis pil-leriana, Cacoecia murinana, Tortrix viridana, Clysia ambiguella, Evetria buolina, Polychrosis botrana, Cydia 10 pomonella, Laspeyresia molesta, Laspeyresia funebrana,
Ostrinia nibilalis, Loxostege sticticalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Chilo suppressalis, Galleria Mellonella, Malacosoma neustria, Dendrolimus pini, Thaumatopoea pityocapa, Phalera bucephala, Chemimatobia brumata, 15 Hibernia defoliria, Bupalus piniarus, Agrotis segetum,
Agrotis ypsilon, Barathra brassica, Cirphis unipuncta, Prodenia litura, Laphygma exigu, Panolis flammea, Earias insulana, Plusia gamma, Albama argillacea, Lymantria dispar, Lymantria monocha, Pieris brassicae, Aporia 20 crataegi; fra ordenen omfattende biller (Coleoptera) f.eks. Bli-tophaga undata, Melanotus communis, Limonius californicus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Agrilus sinuatus, Meligthes aeneus, Atomaria linearis, Epilachna varives-25 tris, Phyllopertha horticola, Popillia japonica, Me- lolontha melolontha, Melolontha hippocastani, Amphi-mallus solstitialis, Crioceris asparagi, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllo-treta nemorum, Chaetocnema tibialis, Phylloides chry-, 30 socephala, Diabrotica 12-punctata, Cassida nebulosa,
Bruchus lentis, Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum,
Sitona lineatus, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Hylobies abietis, Byctiscus betulae, Athonomus grandia, Ceuthorrhyncnus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus
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8 napi, Sitophilus granaria, Anisandrus dispar, Ips typographus, Blastophagus piniperda; fra ordenen omfattende de tovingede (Diptera) f.eks.
Lycoria pectoralis, Mayetiola destructor, Dasineura 5 brassicae, Contarinia tritici, Haplodiplosis equestris, Tipula paludosa, Tipula oleracea, Dacus cucurbitae,
Dacus oleae, Ceratitis capitata, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Anastrepha ludens, Oscinella frit, Phorbia coarctata, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia 10 brassicae, Pegomya hyoscyami, Anopheles maculipennis,
Culex pipiens, Aedes aegypti, Aedes vexans, Tabanus bovinus, Tipula paludose, Musca domestica, Fannia canicularis, Muscian stabulans, Glossina morsitans,
Oestrus ocis, Chrysomya macellaria, Chrysomya homini-15 vorax, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Hypoderma lineata; fra ordenen omfattende de årevingede (Hymenoptera) f.eks. Athalia rosae, Hoplocampa minuta, Monomorium pharaonis, Solenopsis geminata, atta sexdens; 20 fra ordenen omfattende væggelus (Heteroptera) f.eks.
Nezara viridula, Eurygaster integriceps, Blissus leu-copterus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedium, Piesma quadrata, Lygus pratensis; fra ordenen omfattende plantesugere (Homoptera) f.eks.
25 Perkinsiella saccharicida, Nilaparvata lugens, Empoa-sca fabae, Psylla mali, Psylla piri, Trialeurodos vapo-r-ar iorum, Aphis fabae, Aphis pomi, Aphis sambuci, Aphidula nastrutii, Cerosipha gossypii, Sappaphis mali, Sappaphis mala, Dysaphis radicola, Brachycaudus 30 cardui, Brevisoryne brassicae, Phorodon humili, Rhopa-lomyzus ascalonicus, Myzodes persicae, Hyzus cerasi, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, 9
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Mscrosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Pemphigus bursarius, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Adelges laricis, Viteus vitifolii; fra ordenen omfattende termitter (Isoptera) f.eks. Re-5 ticulitermes lucifugus, Calotermes flavicollis, Leuco- termes flavipes, Termes natalensis; og fra ordenen omfattende de retvingede (Orthoptera) f.eks. Forficula auricularia, Acheta domestica, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Tachycines, asynamorus, Locusta migratoria, 10 Stauronotus maroccanus, Schistocerca peregrina, Nomodacris septemfasciata, Melanopuls spretus, Melano plus femur-rubrum, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Peri-planeta americana, Blabera gigantea.
De aktive stoffer kan anvendes som sådanne, i form af 15 formuleringer deraf eller i overensstemmelse med de dertil svarende anvendelsesmuligheder, f.eks. i form af direkte udsprøjtelige opløsninger, pulvere, suspensioner eller dispersioner, emulsioner, oliedispersioner, pastaer, pudringsmidler, udstrømningsmidler, granulater, 20 ved udsprøjtning, tågedannelse, forstøvning, udstrøning eller udhældning. Anvendelsesmulighederne retter sig helt efter anvendelsesformålene; de skal i hvert tilfælde sikre den finest mulige fordeling af de aktive stoffer ifølge opfindelsen.
25 Til fremstilling af direkte udsprøjtelige opløsninger, emulsioner, pastaer eller oliedispersioner kommer mineraloliefraktioner med middehøjt til højt kogepunkt, såsom petroleum eller dieselolie, desuden kultjæreolier samt olier af vegetabilsk eller animalsk oprindelse, 30 aliphatiske, cycliske og aromatiske carbonhydrider f.eks.
benzen, toluen, xylen, paraffin, tetrahydroriaphthalen, alkylerede napthaiener eller disses derivater, f.eks.
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methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, chloroform, te-trachlorkulstof, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanon, chlorbenzen, isophoron, stærkt polære opløsningsmidler, f.eks. di-methylformamid, dimethylsulfoxid , N-methylpyrrolidon, 5 vand, i betragtning.
Vandige anvendelsesformer kan fremstilles af emulsions-koncentrater, pastaer eller befugtelige pulvere (sprøjtepulvere, oliedispersioner) ved tilsætning af vand.
Til fremstilling af emulsioner, pastaer eller oliedis-10 persioner kan stofferne som sådanne eller opløst i en olie eller et opløsningsmiddel, homogeniseres i vand ved hjælp af befugtnings-, adhæsions-, dispergerings-eller emulgeringsmidler. Men man kan også fremstille koncentrater, der består af aktivt stof, befugtnings-, 15 adhæsions-, dispergerings- eller emulgeringsmiddel og eventuelt opløsningsmiddel eller olie, hvilke koncentrater er velegnede til fortynding med vand.
Som overfladeaktive stoffer kommer alkalimetal-, jord-alkalimetal-, ammoniumsalte af ligninsulfonsyre, naph-20 thalensulfonsyre, phenolsulfonsyre, alkylarylsulfona- ter, alkylsulfater, alkylsulfonater, alkalimetal- og jordalkalimetalsalte af dibutylnaphtalensulfonsyre, laurylethersulfat, fedtalkoholsulfater, fedtsyre, alkalimetal- og jordalkalimetalsalte, salte af sulfaterede 25 hexadecanoler, heptadecanoler, octadecanoler, salte af sulfaterede fedtalkoholglycolethere, kondensations-produkter af sulfoneret naphtalen og naphtalenderivater med formaldehyd, kondensationsprodukter af naphthalen eller naphthalensulfonsyrer med phenol og formaldehyd, 30 polyoxethylenoctylphenolether, ethoxyleret isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenolpolyglycolether, tributylphenylpolyglycolether,alkylarylpolyetheralkoholer, isotridecylalkohol, fedt-alkoholethylenoxidkon-densator, ethoxyleret ricinusolie, polyoxyethylenal- 11
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kylethere, ethoxyleret polyoxypropylen, laurylalkohol-polyglycolertheracetal, sorbitester, lignin, sulfitaffaldslud og methylcellulose i betragtning.
Pulver-, udstrønings- og pudringsmidler kan fremstilles 5 ved blanding eller fælles formaling af de aktive stof fer med et fast bærestof.
Eksempler på formuleringer er: I. 3 vægtdele af forbindelse nr. 1 blandes grundigt med 97 vægtdele findelt kaolin. Man opnår på denne 10 måde et pu.dringsmiddel, der indeholder 3 vægt-% af det aktive stof.
II. 20 vægtdele af forbindelse nr. 14 opløses i en blanding, der består af 60 vægtdele cyclohexanon, 30 vægtdele isobutanol, 5 vægtdele af tillejrings- 13 produktet af 7 mol ethylenoxid til 1 mol isooc- tylphenol og 5 vægtdele af tillejringsproduktet af 40 mol ethylenoxid til 1 mol ricinusolie.
III. 80 vægtdele af forbindelse nr. 17 blandes godt med 3 vægtdele af natriumsaltet af diisobutyl- 20 naphthalen-alfa-sulfonsyre, 10 vægtdele af na triumsaltet af en ligninsulfonsyre fra en sulfitaffaldslud og 7 vægtdele pulverformig kisel-syregel og formales i en hammermølle.
Granulater, f.eks. omhyllings-, imprægnerings- og ho- 25 mogengranulater, kan fremstilles ved binding af de aktive stoffer til faste bærestoffer. Faste bærestoffer er f.eks. mineraljorder, såsom silicagel, kiselsyrer, kiselgeler, silicater, talkum, kaolin, attaler, kalksten, kalk, kridt, bolus, løss, ler, dolomit, diatomerjord, 30 calcium- og magnesiumoxid, formalede formstoffer, gød- 12
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ningsmidler, såsom f.eks. ammoniumsulfat, ammoniumphos-phat, ammoniumnitrat, urinstoffer og vegetabilske produkter, såsom kornmel, træbark-, træ- og nøddeskallemel, cellulosepulver og andre faste bærestoffer.
5 Formuleringerne indeholder i almindelighed mellem 0,1 og 95 vægt-?i aktivt stof, fortrinsvis mellem 0,5 og 90 vægt-?i.
Koncentrationen af aktivt stof i de anvendelsesfærdige præparater kan varieres inden for større områder. I 10 almindelighed ligger de mellem 0,0001 og 10 %, fortrinsvis mellem 0,01 og 1 %.
De aktive stoffer kan også med godt resultat anvendes ved ultra-lav-volumen-metoden (ULV), hvorved det muliggøres at udbringe formuleringer med over 95 vægt-15 % aktivt, stof eller endog det aktive stof uden addi tiver .
Den anvendte mængde af aktivt stof andrager under frilandsbetingelser mellem 0,02 og 10 kg/ha, fortrinsvis mellem 0,5 og 2,0 kg/ha.
20 Til de aktive stoffer kan man tilsætte olier af for skellig type, herbicider, fungicider, andre bekæmpelsesmidler mod skadevoldende organismer, baktericider, eventuelt også først umiddelbart før anvendelsen (tank-mix). Disse midler kan tilvejebringes til midlerne ifølge 25 opfindelsen i vægtforhold mellem 1:10 og 10:1.
F.eks. kan man tilblande følgende midler: 1,2-dibrom-3-chlorpropan, 1,3-dichlorpropen, 1,3-di-chlorpropen + 1,2-dichlorpropan, 1,2-dibrom-ethan, 2-sek.-butylphenyl-N-methylcarbamat, o-chlorphenyl-N-me-30 thylcarbamat, 3-isopropyl-5-methylphenol-N-methylcar-
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13 bamat, o-isopropoxypheny1-N-methylcarbamat, 3,5-dime-thyl-4-methylmercapto-phenyl-N-methylcarbamat, 4-di-methylamino-3,5-xylyl-N-methylcarbamat, 2-(l,3-dioxo-lan-2-yl)-pheny1-N-methy1-carbamat, 1-naphthyl-N-me-5 thylcarbamat, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-benzofuran-7-yl-N-methylcarbamat, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-benzodioxol-4-yl-N-methylcarbamat, 2-dimethylamino-5,6-dimethyl-4-pyrimidinyl-dimethylcarbamat, 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-proplonaldehyd-0-(methylcarbamoyl)-oxim, S-methyl-N-10 [(methylcarbamoyl)-oxy]-thio-acetimidat, methy1-N',N'- dimethyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]-1-thiooxamidat, N-(2-methyl-chlor-phenyl)-N',N'-dimethylformamidin, te-trachlorthiophen, l(2,6-difluor-benzoyl)-3-(4-chlor-phenyl)-urinstof, 0,0-dimethyl-0-(p-nitrophenyl)-phos-15 phorthioat, 0,0-diethyl-0-(p-nitropheny1)-phosphorthioat, 0-ethyl-0-(p~nitrophenyl)-phenyl-phosphonothioat, 0,0-dimethyl-0-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)-phosphorthioat, 0,0-diethyl-0-(2,4-dichlorphenyl)-phosphortioat, 0-ethyl-0-(2,4-dichlorphenyl)-phenyl-phosphonothioat, 20 0,0-dimethyl-0-(2,4,5-trichlorphenyl)-ethyl-phospho- nothioat, 0,0-dimethyl-0-(4-brom-2,5-dichlorphenyl)-phosphorthioat, 0,0-dimethyl-0-(2,5-dichlor-4-jodphe-nyl)-phosphorthioat, 0,0-dimethyl-0-(3-methyl-4-methyl-thiophenyl)-phosphorthioat, 0-ethyl-0-(3-methyl-4-me-25 thylthiophenyl)-isopropyl-phosphoramidat, 0,0-diethyl- 0- [p-methylsulfinyl-phenyl]-phorphorthioat, 0-ethyl-S-phenyl-ethyl-phosphonodithioat, 0,0-diethyl-[2- chlor- 1- (2,4-dichlorphenyl)-vinyl]-phosphat, 0,0-di-methyl-[-2-chlor-l-(2,4,5-trichlorphenyl)]-vinyl-phosphat, 30 0,0-dimethyl-S-Cl'-phenyl)-ethylacetat-phosphordithioat, bis-(dimethylamino)-fluorphosphinoxid, octamethyl-pyro-phosphoramid,0,0-0,0-tetraethyldithio-pyrophosphat, S-chlormethyl-0,0-diethyl-phosphordithioat, 0-ethyl-S,S-dipropyl-phosphordithioat, 0,0-dimethyl0-2,2-di-35 chlorvinyl-phosphat, 0,0-dimethyl-l,2-dibrom2,2-dichlor- ethylphosphat, 0,0-dimethyl-2,2,2-trichlor-l-hydroxy- 14
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ethylphosphonat, 0,0-dimethyl-S-[l,2-biscarbethoxyethyl-(l)]phosphordithioat, 0-0-dimethyl-0-(l-methyl-2-carb-methoxy-vinyl)-phosphat, 0,0-dimethyl-5-(N-methyl-car-bamoyl-methyl)-phosphordithioat, 0,0-dimethyl-S-(N-5 methylcarbamoyl-methyl)-phosphorthioat, 0,0-dimethy1- S-(N-methoxyethyl-carbamoyl-methyl)-phosphordithioat, 0,0-dimethyl-S-(N-formyl-N-methyl-carbamoylmethyl)-phos-phordithioat, 0,Q-dimethyl-0-[l-methyl-2-(methyl-car-bamoyl)-vinyl]-phosphat, 0,0-dimethyl-0-[(l-methyl-2-10 dimethylcarbamoyl)vinyl]-phosphat, 0,0-dimethyl-0-[(l- methyl-2-chlor-2-diethylcarbamoyl)-vinyl]-phosphat, 0,0-diethyl-S-(ethylthio-methyl)-phosphordithioat, 0,0-diethyl-S-[(p-chlor-phenylthio)-methyl]-phosphordithioat, 0,0-dimethyl-S-(2-ethylthioethyl)phosphorthioat, 0,0-15 dimethyl-S-(2-ethylthioethy1)-phosphordithioat, 0,0- dimethyl-S-(2-ethylsulfinyl-ethy1)-phosphorthioat, 0,0-diethyl-S-(2-ethylthio-ethyl)-phosphordithioat, 0,0-diethyl-S-(2-ethylsulfinyl-ethyl)-phosphorthioat, 0,0-diethyl-thiophosphoryliminophenyl-acetonitril, 0,0-20 diethyl-S-(2-chlor-l.-phthalimidoethyl)-phosphor-dithioat, 0,0-diethyl-S-[6-chlor-benzoxazolon-(2)-yl-(3)]-methyl-dithiophosphat, 0,0-dimethyl-S-[2-methoxy-l,3,4-thia-diazol-5-[4H]-onyl-(4)-methyl]-phosphordithioat, 0,0-diethyl-0-[3,5,é-trichlorpyridyl-(2)]-phosphorthioat, 25 0,0-diethyl-0-(2-pyrazinyl)-phosphorthioat, 0,0-diethyl- 0-[2-isopropyl-4-methyl-pyrimidinyl-(6)]-phosphorthioat, 0,0-diethyl-0-[2-(diethylamino)-6-methyl-4-pyrimidi-nyl]-thionophosphat, 0,0-dimethyl-S-(4-oxo-l,2,3-ben-zotriazin-3-[4H]-yl-methyl)-phosphordithioat, 0,0-di-30 methyl-S-[(4,6-diamino-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-methyl]- phosphordithioat, 0,0-diethyl-(l-phenyl-l,2,4-triazol- 3-yl)-thionphosphat, 0,S-dimethyl-phosphor-amido-thioat, 0,S-dimethyl-N-acetyl-phosphor-amidothioat-hexachlor-cyclohexan, l,l-di(p-methoxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trichlor-ethan, 35 6,7,8,9,10,l0-hexachloro-l,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9- 15
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methano-2,4-3-benzodioxa-thiepen-3-oxid, pyrethriner, DL-2-allyl-3-methyl-cyclopenten-(2)-on-(l)-yl-(4)-DL-cis,trans-chrysanthemat, 5-benzyl-furyl-(3)-methyl-DL-cis, trans-chrysanthemat, 3-phenoxybenzyl (+)-cis, trans-5 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-cyclopropancarboxylat, a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(+)-cis, trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-cyclopropancarboxylat, (s)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-cis(lR,3R)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dibrom-vinyl)-cyclopropancarboxylat, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthal-10 imidoethyl-DL-cis, trans-chrysanthemat, 2-methyl-5- (2-propiny1)-3-furylmethyl-chrysanthemat og (a-cyano- 3-phenoxybenzyl)-a-isopropyl-4-chlorphenylacetat.
De følgende eksempler dokumenterer den biologiske virkning af de nye forbindelser.
15 Nummereringen af de aktive stoffer svarer til den tabel lariske opstilling.
Eksempel 1
Opdrætningsforsøg med moskito-larver (Aedes aegypti).
200 ml ledningsvand blandes med præparater af aktivt 20 stof, der indeholder 10 vægt-% aktivt stof og 90 vægt-% af en emulgatorblanding af 10 vægt-% ethoxyleret ricinusolie, 20 vægt-% ethoyleret isooctylphenyl og 70 vægt-% cyclohexanon, og derpå pålægger man 30 til 40 aedes-larver i 4' stadium.
25 Forsøgstemperaturen andrager 25 °C. Man bedømmer for pupningen og de voksne individers udkrænkning fra puppel-hylsteret, hvorved en ubehandlet kontrol tjener som målestok. Under forsøgets varighed på 10 til 12 dage fodrer man en gang med et sædvanligt, pulverformigt 30 fiskefoder.
DK 157679 B
16
Ved dette forsøg viser de aktive stoffer nr. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26 og 27 en bedre virkning end sammenligningsmidlerne.
Dette fremgår af den følgende tabel.
Aktivt stof Koncentration af det Mortalitetsrate nr. aktive stof [ppm] [%] 1 0,05 100 2 0,01 100 3 0,1 100 4 0,02 100 6 0,1 100 9 0,04 100 11 0,02 100 12 0,08 100 14 0,02 100 15 0,05 100 16 0,1 100 18 0,5 100 19 0,2 100 20 0,2 100 22 0,02 100 24 0,004 100 26 0,4 100 27 0,1 100 A 1,0 100 A 0,5 4.50 B 0,1 100 B 0,04 <180 5 Eksempel 2
Opdrætningsforsøg med med stuefluer (Musca domestica) 50 g af et substrat af 100 dele vand 17
DK 157679B
10 dele bagerigær 10 dele tørmælk 1 del agar gennemblandes grundigt i varm tilstand med det vandige 5 præparat af en blanding af 10 vægt-% af det aktive stof og 90 vægt-?0 af en blanding af befugtningsmiddel og indifferent bæremateriale.
Efter afkølingen belægger man substratet med ca. 0,1 ml flueæg og iagttager udviklingen deraf over en uge.
10 Forsøgstemperaturen ligger ved 20 °C.
Ued dette forsøg viser de aktive stoffer nr. 11, 14, 22 og 27 en udmærket virkning, mens sammenligningsmidlerne er uvirksomme. Dette fremgår af den følgende tabel.
Aktivt stof Koncentration af det Virkning nr ._aktive stof [ppm]_[?□]_ s 11 25,0 Total hæmning 14 2,5 Total hæmning 22 5,0 Total hæmning 27 2,0 Total hæmning A 25,0 Uvirksom C 50,0 Uvirksom
Eksempel 3 15 Opdrætningsforsøg med middelhavsfrugtfluer (Ceratitis capitata) .
Forsøgene gennemføres i 100 ml formstofbægere, der er fyldt med 40 g af et substrat af gulerodspulver og vand (1:3) med gærtilsætning. Det aktive stof indføres som 20 vandigt præparat i den færdige grød, og denne podes med 100 til 200 friske æg. Bægrene opbevares i lukket tilstand ved 24 til 26 °C; efter ca. en uges forløb 18
DK 157679B
kan man bedømme udviklingen.
Ved dette forsøg viser de aktive stoffer nr. 2, 4 og 22 en stærkere virkning end sammenligningsmiddel A.
Eksempel 4 5 Opdrætningsforsøg med rismelbiller (Tribolium castaneum) 10 g hvedemel, der var grundigt blandet med 0,02 eller 0,5 mg aktivt stof, fyldes i 250 ml formstofflasker og belægges med 20 rismelbiller. Efter æglægningen (efter 14 dages forløb) sigter man billerne fra. Melet fyldes 10 tilbage i flaskerne og oplagres indtil udkrængningen af puppehylstret af den næste billegeneration ved +24°C.
Ved dette forsøg viser de aktive stoffer nr. 2, 4 og 6 en bedre virkning end sammenligningsmiddel A.
Eksempel 5 15 OpdTætnings forsøg med bomuldsvægge lus (Dysdercus inter- medius) 50 g bomuldssåsæd indføres med henblik på kvældning i 24 timer i det vandige præparat af aktivt stof af 10 vægt-% aktivt stof og 90 vægt-% af en emulgatorblan-20 ding af 10 vægt-% ethoxyleret ricinusolie, 20 vægt-% ethoxyleret isooctylphenol og 70 vægt-% cyclohexanon.
Den ovenstående væske hældes bort.
Derpå indfører man 20 væggelus i det næstsidste larvestadium i 1 liter glas, hvis bund er dækket med fugtigt 25 sand. Disse dyr får i 7 dage de forbehandlede frø som den eneste næring. Derpå tilbyder man dem ubehandlet foder.
19
DK 157679B
Man iagttager, om dyrene a) overlever og b) skifter hud, så de bliver voksne individer.
Ued dette forsøg viser det aktive stof nr. 38 en bedre 5 virkning end sammenligningsmidlerne. Dette fremgår af den følgende tabel.
Aktivt stof Koncentration af det Mortalitetsrate nr. aktive stof (ppm) (%) 22 1 100 A 25 100 A 1 Uvirksom B 10 100 B 4 Uvirksom C 25 Uvirksom
Eksempel 6
Opdrætningsforsøg med larver af melmøl (Ephestia kueh-niella) 10 Hvedemel, der i høj grad var belagt med æg af melmøl, blandes grundigt med de aktive stoffer. 10 g af dette mel indfyldes derpå i 250 ml glasflasker og oplagres ved 22 0C. Efter 4 ugers forløb bedømmer man larvernes udvikling.
15 Ved dette forsøg viser de aktive stoffer nr. 2, 4, 6 og 22 en stærk virkning.
Claims (5)
1. N-benzoyl-N'-phenoxyphenylurinstoffer, kendetegnet ved, at de har den almene formel B- /^^G0-NH-C0-NH-/^-0-^^ (I), η Y Z hvori 5. er chlor i 3-stilling, R er fluor, chlor, brom, en med chlor og/eller fluor substitueret alkoxygruppe med 1 til 4 carbonatomer, en alkylgruppe med 1 til 3 carbonatomer eller en 2-hy-droxyhexahalogenisopropylgruppe, hvorved halogen er 10 fluor og/eller chlor, Y er hydrogen, fluor, chlor eller brom, X er fluor, chlor eller brom, og n er 2 eller 3, hvorved substituenterne X er ens eller forskellige, 15 hvori Z desuden er hydrogen, når R er en med chlor og/eller fluor substitueret alkoxygruppe med 1 til 4 carbonatomer, en alkylgruppe med 1 til 3 carbonatomer eller en 2-hydroxyhexahalogenisopropylgruppe, 20 hvorved halogen er fluor og/eller chlor, Y er hydrogen, fluor eller chlor, X er fluor, chlor eller brom, og n er 1, 2 eller 3, hvorved substituenterne X er ens eller forskellige, 25 hvori Z desuden er hydrogen når DK 157679B R er fluor eller brom, V er chlor X er fluor, chlor eller brom, og n er 1, 5 hvori Y desuden er brom eller nitro, når R er fluor, chlor, brom, en med chlor og/eller fluor substitueret alkoxygruppe med 1 til 4 carbonatomer, en alkylgruppe med 1 til 3 carbonatomer eller en 2-hy-10 droxyhexahalogenisopropylgruppe, hvorved halogen er fluor og/eller chlor, Z er hydrogen eller chlor i m-stilling X er fluor, chlor eller brom, og n er 1, 2 eller 3, hvorved substituenterne X er ens 13 eller forskellige.
2. N-benzoyl-N'-phenoxyphenylurinstoffer med formel I ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at Z er hydrogen, X er chlor i o-stilling og n er 1.
3. N-benzoyl-N'-phenoxyphenylurinstoffer med formel 20 I ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at X er fluor eller chlor i o-stilling og at n er 2.
4. Skadedyrsbekæmpelsesmiddel, kendetegnet ved, at det indeholder et fast eller flydende bærestof og et N-benzoyl-N'-phenoxyphenylurinstof med formel 25. ifølge krav 1-3.
5. Fremgangsmåde til bekæmpelse af skadelige organismer, kendetegnet ved , at man lader en aktiv mængde af et N-benzoyl-N'-phenoxyphenylurinstof med formel I ifølge krav 1-3 påvirke de skadelige organismer eller 30 disses opholdssted.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3104407 | 1981-02-07 | ||
| DE19813104407 DE3104407A1 (de) | 1981-02-07 | 1981-02-07 | N-benzoyl-n'-phenoxyphenylharnstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung zur bekaempfung von schaedlingen |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK49482A DK49482A (da) | 1982-08-08 |
| DK157679B true DK157679B (da) | 1990-02-05 |
| DK157679C DK157679C (da) | 1990-06-18 |
Family
ID=6124342
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK049482A DK157679C (da) | 1981-02-07 | 1982-02-05 | N-benzoyl-n'-phenoxyphenylurinstoffer, skadedyrsbekaempelsesmiddel og fremgangsmaade til bekaempelse af skadelige organismer |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0057888B1 (da) |
| JP (1) | JPS57149261A (da) |
| AT (1) | ATE15892T1 (da) |
| DE (2) | DE3104407A1 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK157679C (da) |
| GR (1) | GR76991B (da) |
| IE (1) | IE52695B1 (da) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3217620A1 (de) * | 1982-05-11 | 1983-11-17 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | 2,5-dihalogenbenzoyl-(thio)harnstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung als schaedlingsbekaempfungsmittel |
| ZA834768B (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-03-28 | Union Carbide Corp | Novel pesticidal 1-(alkyl-phenoxyaryl)-3-benzoyl ureas and process for preparation |
| US4880838A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1989-11-14 | Rhone-Poulenc | Pesticidal 1-(4-Phenoxyphenyl)-5-Benzoyl urea compounds and process for preparation |
| DE3232265A1 (de) * | 1982-08-31 | 1984-03-01 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | N-benzoyl-n'-phenoxyphenylharnstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung zur bekaempfung von schaedlingen |
| US5166179A (en) * | 1982-08-31 | 1992-11-24 | Arno Lange | N-benzoyl-N'-phenoxyphenylureas, their preparation and their use for controlling pests |
| US4540578A (en) * | 1982-12-30 | 1985-09-10 | Union Carbide Corporation | Pesticidal phenoxypyridyl benzoyl ureas |
| US4602109A (en) * | 1982-12-30 | 1986-07-22 | Union Carbide Corporation | Novel pesticidal phenoxyphenyl and phenoxypyridyl benzoyl ureas and process for preparation |
| AU572563B2 (en) * | 1983-02-09 | 1988-05-12 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Benzoylureas |
| DK147084A (da) * | 1983-03-19 | 1984-09-20 | Bayer Ag | 1-phenyl-3-benzoyl-(thio)-urinstoffer, deres fremstilling og anvendelse som skadedyrsbekaempelsesmidler |
| US4873264A (en) * | 1983-05-20 | 1989-10-10 | Rhone-Poulenc Nederlands B.V. | Novel pesticidal 1-(alkyl-phenoxy-aryl)-3-benzoyl ureas and process for preparation |
| JPS6097949A (ja) * | 1983-10-31 | 1985-05-31 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | ベンゾイル尿素誘導体,その製造法およびそれを有効成分として含有する殺虫剤 |
| CA1339745C (en) * | 1984-04-10 | 1998-03-17 | Martin Anderson | Pesticidal benzoylurea compounds |
| US4623658A (en) * | 1984-04-10 | 1986-11-18 | Shell Oil Company | Pesticidal benzoylurea compounds |
| DE3433152A1 (de) * | 1984-09-10 | 1985-04-11 | Celamerck Gmbh & Co Kg, 6507 Ingelheim | Insektizid wirksame kombinationen von benzoylharnstoff-derivaten mit 1,2-methylendioxybenzol-derivaten und gegebenenfalls pyrethrinen bzw. pyrethroiden |
| US4638088A (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1987-01-20 | Union Carbide Corporation | Pesticidal biphenylyloxy and biphenylylalkoxy aryl acyl urea compounds |
| US5135953A (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1992-08-04 | Ciba-Geigy | Use of acyl urea compounds for controlling endoparasites and ectoparasites of warm-blooded animals |
| JPS62502335A (ja) * | 1985-03-29 | 1987-09-10 | ユニオン カ−バイド コ−ポレ−シヨン | 農薬1−(4−フエノキシフエニル)−3−ベンゾイル尿素化合物と製造方法 |
| BR8606563A (pt) * | 1985-03-29 | 1987-08-04 | Union Carbide Corp | Compostos pesticidas de 1-(4-fenoxifenil)-3-benzoil-ureia e processo de preparacao dos mesmos |
| IL80174A0 (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1986-12-31 | Union Carbide Corp | 1-(4-aryloxphenyl)-3-benzoyl urea derivatives,pesticidal compositions containing the same and process for the preparation thereof |
| DE3542201A1 (de) * | 1985-11-29 | 1987-06-04 | Basf Ag | N-benzoyl-,n'-phenoxyphenylharnstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung zur bekaempfung von schaedlingen |
| IT1215550B (it) * | 1987-06-05 | 1990-02-14 | Donegani Guido Ist | Benzoil-uree ad attivita'insetticida |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2531202C2 (de) * | 1975-07-12 | 1982-12-09 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | 2',4-Dichlor-4'-benzoylureido- diphenyläther, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Insektizide |
| DE3026825A1 (de) * | 1980-07-16 | 1982-02-18 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Substituierte n-benzoyl-n'-phenoxyphenylharnstoffe, ihre herstellung, ihre verwendung zur bekaempfung von bekaempfung von insekten und mittel dafuer |
-
1981
- 1981-02-07 DE DE19813104407 patent/DE3104407A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1982
- 1982-01-20 GR GR67060A patent/GR76991B/el unknown
- 1982-02-01 AT AT82100679T patent/ATE15892T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-01 DE DE8282100679T patent/DE3266596D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-02-01 EP EP82100679A patent/EP0057888B1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-02-05 DK DK049482A patent/DK157679C/da active
- 1982-02-05 JP JP57016486A patent/JPS57149261A/ja active Pending
- 1982-02-05 IE IE261/82A patent/IE52695B1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK49482A (da) | 1982-08-08 |
| IE820261L (en) | 1982-08-07 |
| EP0057888A2 (de) | 1982-08-18 |
| DE3266596D1 (en) | 1985-11-07 |
| DE3104407A1 (de) | 1982-08-19 |
| DK157679C (da) | 1990-06-18 |
| ATE15892T1 (de) | 1985-10-15 |
| EP0057888A3 (en) | 1983-01-26 |
| GR76991B (da) | 1984-09-04 |
| IE52695B1 (en) | 1988-01-20 |
| JPS57149261A (en) | 1982-09-14 |
| EP0057888B1 (de) | 1985-10-02 |
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