DK157150B - FUEL SAVING BURNER DEVICE FOR GENERATING HIGH TEMPERATURE - Google Patents

Description

DK 157150 B

The present invention relates to a burner device having a bell-shaped / hollow screen disposed above the burner, and where both primary air is passed through and / or outside the burner as secondary air 5 from above through the bell-shaped hollow screen.

Several embodiments of such burner devices are known, which are distinguished by a particularly quiet combustion with a high combustion temperature and by a flame directed outwardly and to some extent downwards, with substantially all side directions, thereby being equally long. extends flame with respect to the burner, where the bell-shaped hollow screen is designed to be rotationally symmetrical and arranged so that the torch, directed at least, and at least the flame of the burner, is axially arranged in the axis of the rotationally symmetrical shape. In this connection, it should be noted that while this and the following refer to this orientation of the burner device with respect to physical up and down, there is in practice nothing to prevent the burner device from being able to be arbitrarily different in relation to up and down; but the orientation described is the preferred one.

In addition to the high combustion temperature of this burner device, the utilization of combustion-enhancing additives, such as sait etc., combustion of gas, alcohol, 25 mm., And use for combustion of oil or oil products as well as oil / oil products with water or steam, exhibit also a good combustion economy.

The present invention aims to provide further improvements to this device, whereby improved fuel economy is achieved while at the same time achieving reduced burner device installation costs.

A burner device of the kind mentioned above is e.g. described in Danish Patent Specification No. 101,532, wherein 2

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a method of arrangement is provided in the constructional aspect of the bell-shaped hollow screen, holding it to the side of the tube which serves to supply the secondary air to the screen cavity via its top.

5 In this construction, the burner flame is directed directly at the concave downward-facing lower surface of the screen. The supply of both primary and secondary air then takes place from below through the pipe and partly through the burner area.

Danish patent specification 113,942 discloses, among other things, a further design of this burner device, in which the underside of the screen is terminated in an extended grid attached to the screen edge, whereby the burner device has a pot burner-like character. A device which is extensively pot burner-shaped with a central supply of secondary air from below to the inner cavity of the screen is also described. Hereby there is an improved combustion, where secondary air and combustion air meet each other, simply by the meshes of the net.

German Patent Specification No. 1,579,886 discloses a device in which the burner device of the type mentioned above is built into a boiler. The bell-shaped hollow screen is thereby incorporated as a wall element into an internal horizontal partition between an internal smoke chamber standing in conjunction with a chimney fan-25 and partly an aqueous chamber in the boiler and a lower compartment. the boiler intended to act as a flame room for the burning flame, the primary air being supplied to the burner area through a tube through this space, and where no further air supply and means are mentioned and no mention is made of secondary air supply and means.

The advantage obtained by the known devices was that, inter alia, the described flame would directly coat a larger wall surface area in a boiler room than a simple more or less cylindrical or candle flame-shaped flame of the usual kind is capable of , even when this 3

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flame is laterally or more or less directed downwards.

The first described power is utilized by the described devices. In addition, such a flame by the described devices also allows to pass through suitable rotationally symmetrically formed cavities in which possibly inclined screens may be arranged. The devices corresponding thereto are thus described in Danish Patent Specification No. 132,966. Here, in particular, whole or semi-spherical housing construction is used for the described device, which also allows the use of such a driving means.

According to the present invention, there is provided such a burner device of the kind mentioned above, which enables a combustionally improved and in simplified construction, simplified and thus cheaper use of the burner device.

The burner device according to the invention is characterized in that a further 20 shield plates are arranged, parallel to or at least approximately parallel to the bell-shaped hollow screen underneath, the lower side of which the burner flame is directed and the lower wall portion of the bell-shaped hollow screen cavity, and where for the secondary air projected from the interior of the hollow screen, there is an outflow gap between the outer edge of the additional screen plate and the bell-shaped hollow screen surface.

Hereby, the point of contact between secondary air and burner flame is extended to the periphery of the additional screen, which results in a larger reaction surface between flame and secondary air, which in combustion terms provides a better combustion economy. In addition, the secondary air also achieves a preheating as a result of the additional screen being at a high temperature. In particular, a flat and hot and also annular flame is possible.

According to the present invention, the flame temperature may be 4

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found that the additional shield plate is attached only at the central region of the bell-shaped hollow screen.

A further enhanced synergistic mixture at a flame-to-secondary air encounter may be provided in accordance with the present invention in that preferably one or more cylindrically shaped shield elements are disposed concentrically around such burner and having such height. there is a gap upwardly 10 between the member and the members, respectively, and the further screen plate and downwardly between the member, and the members, respectively, and a lower horizontal partition plate in which the burner is arranged in a hole formed in the partition plate. Since, naturally, at some distance outside the burner arrangement, there are wall members to be heated by the burner, also, with the aid of these, as secondary air conductors will flow through the lower space (s) and up along the interior of the cylindrical shaped shield elements. wall for mixing with primary air and combustion materials from the burner, thereby improving the economy of combustion. Practical experiments show that the flame thereby has an even calmer character and increased temperature. Thus, with ordinary combustion materials up to 1800 ° C flame temperature has been painted against 1200 - 1400 ° C under the same 25 circumstances in one of the first known burner devices mentioned in the foregoing. The number of such cylindrically shaped screen elements depends on the size of the burner as well as the combustion capacity.

The high combustion temperature is achieved in accordance with the present invention in that the additional top face facing the bell-shaped hollow screen is provided with inclined means which convey the arriving secondary air rotating relative to the burner. movement and in particular, but not necessarily, a movement with rotation relative to the burner 5

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axis direction.

Correspondingly inclined guide members may be disposed in the burner area in order to impart a rotation about the burner to the primary air. In this way, a co-operation of rotation of both primary and secondary air may be provided, so that the meeting surface between the two is further utilized more intensively.

If, for constructive reasons, no such strong heating is required from the burner downwardly, since greater heating is required for the sides than downwards, an advantageous design according to the present invention is characterized in that the lower horizontal partition plate has a diameter of limited size, such as the order of the bell-shaped, hollow screen diameter or smaller or larger than this diameter, the horizontal partition plate being perfused.

In order to obtain a safe and effective use of the burner device, when water or steam possibly containing combustion-promoting salts or impurities to promote combustion is subjected to blow-in by the burner device according to the present invention, the blow-in thereof can be arranged with blow-in at or around it. a burner device including 25 nozzle or as a separate blow-in against the additional shield plate or perforated horizontal separator plate, optionally by a combination thereof.

It is noted that by means of the burner device according to the invention, a flame can be provided, the shape of which is characterized in that it is flat, but also in that it is annular or annular, and this flat shape can have the character of a flame. keglefla-deformed. The outer edge of the flame may well be heavy. A possible cause of this tongue shape may thus lie in the oblique organs which, as already described, impart 6

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the air currents are individually a rotational movement relative to the burner area. The vertex of the cone surface is thereby located in the axis of the burner device in the embodiments described in the following according to the invention, in which rotational symmetry is sought. But a deviation from rotationally symmetrical design does not immediately imply a deviation from the basic idea of the invention.

The embodiments of the invention described below, in addition to specifying embodiments of the burner device itself, also include fireplaces of various kinds, from which it is apparent how the burner device is optimally adapted to air as well as to air supply. , including exhaust for combustion products. Out of these exemplary designs, optimum usable combination designs should be appropriately derived.

Embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a burner device according to the present invention; FIG. 2 shows a burner device according to FIG. 1 arranged in a drawer-shaped unit for placing at the bottom of e.g. a boiler, a fireplace or other unit to be heated and wherein the walls of the drawer unit are designed to flow through for liquid to be heated; 3 shows a burner device designed according to it. The present invention is mounted on a bracket seated on a mounting plate intended for placement in or on a wall in a fireplace. 4 shows a steam generator designed for use with a burner device according to the present invention; FIG. 5 shows a hybrid fork part equipped with a burner device according to the present invention.

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and as provided with a fireplace fitted above and a firing grate and separate firing opening intended for burning solid fuel / and 5 fig. 6 shows a burner boiler with burner device according to the present invention.

An embodiment of a burner device according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. The burner is intended for burning gaseous or liquid fuel supplied through a conduit 2, as indicated by a punctured pii 3, to a nozzle 1. Where nozzle 1 is present, fuel may also be supplied by other species in already dusted or powdered form. The nozzle 1 is in a space bounded e.g. of walls 4, into 15 which space enters primary air via a duct 5, as indicated by a double bar arrow 6. The primer air is again discharged through an annular aperture without around the nozzle 1 and which aperture is formed in the upper side of this space, denoted by 7, which can extend 20 to the sides and constitute a lower boundary wall for a principal fireplace. This demarcation wall may be hollow and guide a medium to be heated by the burner device as a whole denoted by 20. The eventual greater extension of the wall or plate 7 is indicated by transverse drawing fractional lines which do not need physical to be such, but also may be actual structural, physical boundary lines for the actual size of the wall or plate 7, the plate 7 being a stand-alone plate which is not a wall plate such as is further described. 2 and 3.

Above the nozzle 1 is arranged a bell-shaped, hollow screen 10, the shape of which may well be called mushroom-like.

Into the upper central portion of the screen, secondary air 35 is supplied via a duct 18. The secondary air is indicated by one with 8

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19. The bell-shaped hollow screen surface 12 is concave and comprises a larger central opening, while the upper surface 11 of the screen is completely closed and joins the channel 18. Inside the cutter 5, there is a cavity 17 in. in which, from below, protrudes a partition wall 13, substantially the same shape as the screen, which divides the cavity 17 transversely to the sides of an upper and lower cavity in contact with each other at a space formed between the partition wall 13 border 10 and the inside of the screen. The partition 13, the central portion of which is directed downwardly, has a central opening, which is closed downwardly with the central portion of an additional shield plate 15 which is disposed substantially or at least approximately parallel to the un-15 bell-shaped hollow screen. there surface 12 and below. Secondary air flowing through the top of the screen will then divide to the sides of the cavity 17, and a portion of the secondary air will reach down and comprise the central portion of the additional screen plate 15 for the air through an provided space between the screen The central edge edge of the sub-surface 12 and the downwardly-extending central portion 13 reach the through area between the upper face of the additional screen plate 15 and the bell-shaped hollow screen surface 12. Finally, outflow of the air takes place through a spacing 16 between 25 the edge of the additional screen plate 15 and the bell-shaped hollow screen surface 12.

This burner device is in itself fully functional. It, due to the contact between the additional shield plate 15 and the secondary air 19 at an early stage of the flow of this air through the screen arrangement 10, preheats this amount of air thereby expanding the air and the actual physical contact between the combustion materials from the nozzle. 1 indicated by dashed arrows and the secondary air indicated by arrows drawn with only a single line first finds 9

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position at the edge of the additional shield plate 15, namely, off the gap 16, the size of which should be selected appropriately. the need for the velocity at which the secondary, slightly preheated and expanded air mass flows out.

A downward discharge of the outflowing air may be provided by the bell-shaped hollow screen edge being projected slightly downwardly from the edge of the additional screen 15. In this embodiment, the meeting between, on the one hand, combustion materials and primary air, and on the other hand, the secondary air, will be better adapted to velocity and, while providing a good mixture between these two influxes, some of the secondary air will pass through. and reaching the lower wall or plate 7 and, due to the suction at this location 15 caused by the upward passage of the primary air and combustion materials from the nozzle area, will form a vortex-shaped web and again mix with the outside of the upstream media.

This vortex can be advantageously utilized, with a further embodiment of the present invention disposing cylindrically shaped screen elements 8 and 9 concentrically around the nozzle region at the upper and lower spaces of these elements at the upper and lower edges. A portion of the primary air will then participate at a higher 25 degrees in the vortex formation, and at the same time, supported by adjusting the height of the screen elements, an adaptation to a cone shape of the upstream material from the nozzle region is supported. In the drawing FIG. 1 shows the arrows plotted in the three drawing modes described, how the vortex formation is divided. Practical experiments have shown that the flame which is formed thereby becomes much calmer and warmer than obtained by the previous burner devices of the kind mentioned above. Temperatures of up to 1800 ° C against previously up to 1200 to 1400 ° C have thus been measured.

35 Besides the advantage of a guy of high temperature difference between 10

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flame and chimney temperature a more complete combustion of the added materials has been achieved. Corrosion of chimney and chimney is thereby reduced, which is also an advantage.

5 With this device described, a wider flame in the outward direction and in particular downwards is also obtained. This makes it possible to place such a burner device as that shown in FIG. 2. Here, a burner device 20 is arranged in a drawer unit consisting of 10 walls 21 and a corresponding bottom, which is formed hollow with cavities 23, in which a medium to be heated can flow. The three necessary lines 3, 6 and 19, as indicated above, may be arranged in connection with any unscrewable side part of the drawer unit, such that the burner device is arranged on indicated sliding rails 24 in the drawer unit. This facilitates easy mounting and inspection of the burner assembly means located in the drawer unit. The drawer unit itself can be mounted upwardly as a base for a boiler or a boiler, in the present case a boiler, using e.g. flange assemblies 22 and corresponding means on the inside of the wall so as to provide flow connection for the heated medium in the cavity 23. The cavity 23 could also be closed at the upper edge of the drawer unit 25 and other duct connection elements between the cavity and the other could be provided. cavity for the heated medium in the upper part of the boiler.

Instead of placement by means of a complete drawer unit, burner device 20 could advantageously use 30 at other fireplaces. Since heating of the bottom of many existing fireplaces does not always entail advantages, insofar as these bottoms do not contain media to be heated, in the drawing of FIG. 3 shows an arrangement design which at two points differs from the method of application according to FIG. 2. For more lateral outward- 11

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In the direction of the flame obtained, a perforated screen 27 is placed in place of the plate 7. This perforated screen 27 may be slightly upwardly curved, as indicated in the drawing of FIG. 3. The burner device is supported by a hollow bracket 5 arm 26 which contains the three necessary conduits 3, 6 and 19. The bracket 26 sits on the inside of a wall portion 25 which is screwable to a principal side wall as part of this one, as a cover or cover in it, etc.

This method of application means that the burner device of the present invention can find use in a very large proportion of preexisting types of especially smaller boilers, which is advantageous because of the improved combustion economy.

In the drawing FIG. 4, there is shown a steam generator of the kind described in the previously mentioned Danish Patent Specification No. 132,966. However, here the advantage of the burner device according to the present invention has been obtained that the spherical shape of the generator according to the present invention can be dispensed with, since the burner device according to the present invention develops so much heat that it can be placed at the bottom portion of the steam generator, designated 38. Enclosed by sidewalls 28 which are cylindrically formed, there is a water space 29 and a steam room 30 which are separated 25 from each other by means of an inclined partition 31, for which above this partition 31 and side wall 28 is a vapor passage space 31a. In the lower part of the partition 31 there is a water passage 31b. Water is supplied to the water space 29 via a conduit 33, in which 30 around the partition area may be located a water level regulator 33a. The burner is positioned at 40 and the hot combustion gases are passed through the cavity 36 up to an upper opening 37 leading to a chimney vent. The cavity 36 is outwardly delimited by wall wall 35. Vapor is extracted from the steam generator via a steam line 34. At 39 there is option 12

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for connection of feed water supply, which feed direction of connection is indicated by a pi marked with a thick line. Preheated feed water can be discharged at the top of wall member 35 and from here, as indicated by a thick 5 line drawn pii, can be led down into the water space 29 via conduit 33. The burner device may be arranged in a drawer-like unit. which, as indicated by two sets of horizontally extending wall breaking lines, may be connected to the upper part of the steam generator. Hollow walls in the drawer unit can be connected to e.g. the cavity of the wall member 35, or the feed water may be preheated separately in the walls of the drawer unit prior to insertion into the wall member 35, etc.

With this simpler designed device, seen in terms of manufacture, the same advantages as those obtained by means of the more complicated spherical shape described in the Danish publication no.

132,966.

In the drawing FIG. 5, a hybrid firing device is shown, i.e. a fireplace adapted for burning 20 two kinds of fuel by means of two interconnecting combustion devices. Below is a burner device according to the present invention, which burner device as a whole is designated 50 and is shown as substantially the same type as that shown in FIG. 2. Above the burner device 50 there is another firing device 51, e.g. could be designed for burning solid fuel / but need not be and strictly speaking can be of almost any kind. The heating device 51 is shown in FIG. 5 is shown equipped with a firing opening 52. Between the two firing devices there is shown here a grate 53 which is placed here a.h.t. burning a type of fuel, such as is suitable for burning lying on such a grate. The two firing devices can be used arbitrarily, viz. together or separately. Alternatively, burner device 50 can be used as ignition 13

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solid fuel device, which is definitely burned by the firing device 51.

The design shown in FIG. 5 is based on the embodiment disclosed in Danish Patent Specification No. 69947. A burner device is inserted in the top of firing device 51. A hybrid firing device is also indicated thereby. In the present embodiment of the present invention, it is not required for protective reasons to remove the burner device using the firing device 51. For example. Water to be heated is in hollow wall means as described above and / or in tubular elements in the interior of the boiler. For this purpose, the water can e.g. may be fed as indicated by a pii denoted by feed water in the drawing of FIG. 5. The chimney draft is indicated by another pii designated for the chimney on the right side of the design according to the drawing of FIG. 5. This arrangement corresponds to the design in accordance with Danish Patent Specification No. 69947.

20 In the drawing FIG. 6 is shown arrangement of the burner device according to the present invention in connection with a boiler of some kind. Here, the burner arrangement is also located at the bottom of a drawer-like unit.

The boiler listed here corresponds to that described in German Patent Specification No. 1,579,886. Due to the particularly hot flame, the burner device is positioned without projecting into the boiler extractor chamber 65. The burner device is indicated by 60 and the hot combustion gases are passed through ducts as shown by 30 with dashed arrows and around in the channels there is a water chamber 68. At the boiler described, heat exchanger means 64 are arranged in connection with the water space. Feed water is fed in at 62 and taken out at 6.3.

Arrows marked with a thick line show the passage path of the water from the inlet and to the water chamber 68 and the upper valve from 14

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this towards the take-out location 63. In the extraction chamber 65, an ellipse / soin indicates a connection to a extraction in the form of a chimney by means of dotted drawing.

In connection with the description of the burner device according to the present invention, it should be noted that in order to obtain the best adaptation of combustion it may be convenient / that in the primary and secondary air supply ducts, respectively in the fuel supply, adjustable dampers are arranged in each damper. an adjustable damper intended for regulating respectively supply of primary air / an adjustable damper intended for regulating the supply of secondary air / respectively a damper intended for regulating fuel supply. Of course, as far as is appropriate, more than one damper may be provided in each, which must be regarded as implied. The dampers or dampers, if only ether can, if a certain flame temperature is desired, can be controlled by e.g. the temperature of the flame by means of a control device, but other control criteria can of course also be used. For the control can be used any known / known control means which can be coupled to establish an automatic functioning control, for example based on electronic functional means. Generally, however, such regulation is not considered necessary. The general design of such dampers or regulators belongs to the prior art and is therefore not further described and is not shown in the drawing.

The dampers or other suitable regulating means could f.

30 examples are located where arrows 6 and 19 are indicated and somewhere in the fuel supply / in the drawing is shown in the form of a conduit having a direction characterizing pii 3. Locations outside the boiler's exterior and the exterior of the boiler, respectively, are naturally preferable, since their function is then not at any unwanted 15

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may have to be affected by the heat generated inside the boiler room by the control means being too close to the heat source so reliable function is not ensured.

Essentially, it is stated that by means of the apparatus described it is possible to produce an annular, flat and hot flame, which flame may be cone-shaped below. The flame straightens down. This flame means arrangement is produced as described in that it is partly that of the fuel supply element of the burner device, ie e.g. the nozzle 1, added fuel amount for detecting the additional shield plate 15 mixed well with the primary air stream, but is also, as the present option, mixed preheated secondary air supplied through the screen device 10 and subjected to compression as a result of the preheating this secondary air in the screen device 10, which is then brought out at high velocity through the gap 16. Thereby a portion of this secondary air passes through the flame and down towards the plate element 7 and from here, preferably under controlled vortex formation by means of an orifice. several screen elements 8 and 9, into the flow area of the primary air. Hereby, an interaction with the secondary air exiting from the gap 16 is provided.

25 Of the embodiments according to FIG. 2, 4, 5 and 6, it is possible to derive an optimal positioning of the burner device in connection with a fireplace. It is thus in practice of experience that, in addition, the primary and secondary air pipes are mechanically separated from each other, otherwise the burner functions poorly.

30 The embodiments of FIG. Thus, 2, 4, 5 and 6 are embodiments known to operate in accordance with the invention, as are embodiments which, in the particular design of the burner, provide easy and easy access to service and structural According to experience, the optimum function of the burner device according to the invention entails.

Claims (7)

1. Burner device, with a bell-shaped, hollow screen above the burner, and where both primary air is passed through and / or around the burner 5 soin secondary air from above through the bell-shaped hollow screen, characterized in that there is essentially parallel with or at least approximately parallel to the bottom surface (12) of the bell-shaped hollow screen (10), there is provided a further dense screen 10 (15) against which the underside of the burner flame is directed, and wherein the additional shield plate ( 15) constitutes the lower wall portion of the bell-shaped hollow screen (10) cavity (17), and for the secondary air projected from the interior of the hollow screen (10), there is an outflow gap (16) 15 between the outer edge of the further shield plate (15) and the bell-shaped hollow screen (10) bottom surface (12). Burner device according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional shield plate (15) is fastened only at the central area of the bell-shaped, 20 hollow shield (10). Burner device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one or more cylindrically shaped shielding elements (8, 9) are arranged concentrically around the burner (1), which are arranged so that there is a space upwards. between the element, respectively the elements (8, 9), and the additional shield plate (15) and downwards between the element, respectively the elements (8, 9), and a lower horizontal separating plate (7) in which the burner (1) is arranged in a hole formed in the plate (7). Burner device according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the additional screen (15) on the upper side, which faces the bell-shaped hollow screen (10), is provided with inclined members which support DK 157150 B 17 J, the arriving secondary air (19) produces a rotational motion relative to the burner (1) and, in particular, but not necessarily, a movement of rotation relative to the axial direction of the burner (1). Burner device according to claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that inclined guide members are arranged in the burner area in order to impart a rotation about the burner (1.) to the primary air. β. Burner device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the lower horizontal partition plate (27) has a diameter which is of limited size, such as the order of the diameter of the bell-shaped hollow screen (10) or less or larger than this (diameter 10), the horizontal partition plate 15 (27) being perforated. Burner device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that there is arranged an intake of water or steam containing possibly combustion-promoting salts or impurities for promoting the combustion, the blow-in being arranged with an inlet. by or adjacent to a burner device including nozzle or as a separate blow-in against the additional shield plate (15) or perforated horizontal separator plate (27), optionally by a combination thereof. 25