US2609041A - Pot type oil burner - Google Patents

Description

P 9 R. c. LARAMY 2,609,041

PQT TYPE OIL BURNER Filed Nov. 19, 1948 Patented Sept. 2, 1952 NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE :POVT "TYPE OIL BURNER Richard :Gharles :Laramy, .Muskegon Heights, Mich, :assignor to Borg-Warner Corporation, 'flhicago, 1111,, .a corporation of Illinois Application'November 19, 1948, Serial'No.-'60;865

.2 Claims. '1

"invention relates to hot "air 'hea'ter systerns, and is particularly concerned with an arrangement for effecting, in the "high fire stages, a whirling action to the flamewithou't necessitating mechanical means, this construction having special application to oil pot burner heaters.

The ultimate to be achievedin the operation of oil pot {burnersis complete combustion for all values of heat output varying from that at low fire 'to that at high fire withfa minimum of carbon or soot deposits. The difficulty in accomplishing this result has been due to the "several variables "present in the operation of this type o'fsystem, the'prior art structures being designed of necessity to employ carbonaceous hy drocarbon fuel oils which have heretofore presented *many problems and, the problem of how to properly obtain ahig'h concentration of heat with substantially complete combustion of the duel oil with a'minimum of carbon 'or soot deposits has presented difficulty for along time without being "satisfactorily solved. This art is "highly developed and many expensive arrangements have :been proposed with varying degrees of limited success.

For example, such proposals have included the employment of a plurality of burner pots havin various forms of baffles or other mechanical means to regulate' the air and the o'ilfeed through the various stages between high fire andlowfire in an effort to correlate the supply of fuel oil and the supply of air.

Accordingly, a special object and accomplishment of the invention .is to provide an oil pot burner capable of effectively -enir'zaloying either a distillate or a catalytic oil as a fuel and capable of efiiciently effecting substantially complete combustion of the fuel oil'with a normal conventional feed, thereby eliminating'the objectionable :carbon and soot deposits normally found in prior art structures which .of necessity employed carbonaceous hydrocarbon-fuels.

Another object and accomplishment of the invention is to provide an oil .pot burner employing a construction which will cause the flame in the high fire stages to impart a whirling action without necessitating the employment of mechanical means, this whirling action contributing to the efficiency of the operation by improved air and oil vapor mixing and to more eiiectively distribute the heat to the'hea't exchanger.

Another object and accomplishment of the invention is the provision of an improved simple pilot arrangement which permits the maintenance of a. pilot flame in the burner with a maxi- 2 mum turn-down when a heating efie'ct'is znot -"desired.

Another purpose of'the invention is to'provide a simple, convenient compact burner and heater adaptable for advantageous employment inth'e home and which may be "safely employed in a dwelling or aroom. I

The invention seeks, as a further object and accomrilishmenigto provide an oil pot burner as contemplated herein and particularly characterized by :an arrangement of parts to more advantageously and satisfactorily perform the functions required of it and adapted'top'rovidea compact unit which will successfully combine the factors of structural simplicity and durability and yet be economical to manufacture.

Anotherdbject and accomplishment of themvention is tojimprove the construction of oil pot burners as 'herein contemplated with respect to efiiciency of operation; and to this endyan im portant feature of the invention is to provide an oil pot burner employingnew principlegof operation by the inclusion of a lower combustion chamber adaptable to receive either distillate or a catalytic fuel oil conventionally regulatedin various quantities", the lowest quantity of "fueloil being employed to provide a pilot, and said lower combustion chamber having superimposed thereon a particularly shaped second chamber which is advantageously employed as a high combustion chamber, said high combustion chamber being provided with a plurality of louvers particularly and specifically formed to direct the flow of air comingthrough'these'lcuvers into the combustion chamber tangentially to define "a definite circular path in either a counter clockwise or a clockwise direction. Disposed within the high combustion chamber there is provided a central burner posthavingan enlarged portion disposed in the high combustion chamber proper and supported in such position by any convenient means.

Additional objects, features and advantages of the invention disclosed herein will be apparent to persons skilled in the art after the construction and operation are understoodfromthewithin description.

It is preferred to accomplish the various objects of this invention and to practice the same in substantially the manner hereinafter fully described and, as more particularly pointed out in the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawing which forms a part o'f'this specification, wherein;

Fig. '1 is a side elevational view oi. an oil pot burner embodying and illustrating the features of this invention and having portions thereof shown in section to more clearly and advantageously illustrate the construction thereof; and

Fig. 2 is a top elevational view of the oil pot burner depicted in Fig. 1 and having portions thereof shown in section taken substantially on the plane of the line 2-2 in Fig. 1.

The drawing is to be understood to be more or less of a schematic character for the purpose of illustrating and disclosing a typical or preferred form of the improvements contemplated herein, and in the drawing like reference characters identify the same parts in the several views.

In the exemplary embodiment of the invention depicted in Figs. 1 and 2, the pot burner with which the present invention is particularly concerned comprises, in general, a lower combustion chamber designated in its entirety by the numeral and formed to define a pan-shaped pot of substantially a circular shape and adaptable to receive either distillate or a catalytic fuel oil through the medium of a pipe connection 2! interconnected with conventional distributing andregulating devices, said lower combustion chamber 20 having superimposed thereon a coneshaped second combustion chamber designated in its entirety by the numeral 22. Disposed within the combustion chambers 20 and 22 there is provided a central burner post designated in its entirety by the numeral 23 and having an enlarged portion 24 disposed in the upper combustion chamber proper and having portions 25 extending downwardly into the lower pot or lower combustion chamber 20 for employment as a supporting member for the enlarged portion 24. The enlarged portion 24 may be supported in its operative position in any convenient manner, the construction shown being only one possible method.

In accordance with the construction of this invention, the lower chamber or pct 20, preferably, is formed of a suitable metal to define a substantially circular shape and is provided with a bottom which ma be separatelv formed and may be secured as at 3 I, by conventional welding processes, to the upper regions of the pot 20, said upper regions defining a substantially circular shaped wall as at 32 provided with a pluralitv of apertures 33 which are disposed in series relationship in at least two separated planes running in a substantially horizontal direction. At the uppermost portion of the upper portion 32 of the burner pot 20 there is provided integrallv formed flanges 35 to cooperate with a flange 36 of a bailie or cover 31 of the lower combustion chamber 20. It is notable that the cover or baffle 37 is provided with at least two rows of apertures as at 38, these apertures being adaptable to permit air to enter into the combustion chamber 2!].

An important feature of the invention is the provision of the upper chamber 22 which is advantageously secured by welding or any other conventional process, to a flange 40 of the baflle 31, said upper chamber 22 defining a circular substantially cone-shape, the side wall 4| of which is provided with a plurality of particularly shaped louvers 42 which are adapted to direct air coming into the upper chamber 22 tangentially in a particular path thereby to cause a circular or whirling action to the flame in a counterclockwise or a clockwise direction as determined desirable or expedient. In referring to Fig. 2 it can be seen that louvers 42 present an opening only at one side of the deformation so as 4 to direct the flow of air tangentially to the wall of the chamber in the desired circular path.

Secured to a suitable heat exchanger 5| which may be formed to define any convenient shape is a bafile or divider plate 50.

Disposed within the combustion chamber 20 and 22 there is provided the central burner post 23 which comprises an enlarged portion 24 formed of a fire resistant material such as, for example, a suitable metal or furnace cement or carbo-frax or any material having like characteristics, said enlarged portion 24 being formed to define a substantially circular shape as illustrated and may have a tubular support 25 extending into the lower chamber 20, said tubular support 25 having a flared portion 55 provided with an aperture 56 adaptable to receive the stud 51 carried by the bottom 30, thereby advantageously holding the central burner post 23 in its operative position. It is to be understood that the manner of supporting the enlarged portion 24 in its operative position in the combustion chamber 22 is optional and any other equivalent and convenient method may be employed, the construction as illustrated being only an example of one possible method.

It is characteristic of the improvement in the construction of oil pot burners as contemplated herein that the distillate or catalytic fuel, either liquid or gaseous, is burned, in the high flame stages, in a whirling flame after the final addition of a secondary supply of air to an intermediate mixture of the distillate or a catalytic fuel oil which has been placed in condition for proper combustion by the admission of a charge of primary air in quantities sufficient to effect complete, or substantially complete, combustion, in the upper regions. It is important that the primary air, so supplied, preferably through the apertures 33 and 38 of the lower combustion chamber, be insufficient to support full combustion, and that the draft be so controlled as to prevent down eddies of air from above which would promote combustion at levels where combustion is not desired.

In accordance with the construction of my invention, I admit either a distillate or a catalytic fuel into the lower chamber 20 primaril adapted as a pilot or a mixing and low combustion zone. If a low flame is desired only sufficient quantities of the distillate or a catalytic fuel oil will be caused to enter into the lower chamber 20 to provide a low flame pilot. When it is desired that a high or heating flame be produced a greater quantity of distillate or catalytic fuel oil will be permitted to enter into the lower chamber which will gradually cause a higher flame to be produced in the lower chamber 20. As the flame rises it will be subjected to the primary air supply entering apertures 33 causing a draft to rise upwardly to bring the flame into the upper combustion zone in the chamber 22 where the flame will be subjected to the drafts of air entering into this chamber through the louvers 42, thereby to direct the path of the flame in a circular direction which will cause a desirable whirling action simulating the action of a conventional motor driven oil burner.

It is important to note that as the liquid is burned in the lower chamber, it is gasified by the radiant heat of the combustion going on above it. The gas or gasifled liquid rises upwardly until it reaches the level of the inflowing secondary air entering into the upper chamber through the louvers 42. The primary air may be adaccents mitted through-the apertures fli'disposed in the lower combustion chamber and the alperturesefl disposed in the baffle 3?. in either-case the crosssectional area ofthe apertures'is determined by the volume of air necessarytoeffe'ct-thecomplete or virtually complete intermixture of the air and thedistillate orcatalytic fuel without, at

.ml ht support complete local combustion where not desired, it is preferable to employ a large number of small scattered apertures as illustra with respect tothe disposition of apertures as at 33 and. It is important that relatively small apertures be employed in order that the crosss ectional area and strength of the individual jets of air be insufficient tc cause undesirable downdrafts and turbulences where not desired.

In accordance with-the construction of my invention it is important to understand that the air is admitted by natural draft and it is not necessary to employ mechanical'rneans to'accomplish the. resultsand functions of the device as described.

An important feature of the device is the structure of the upper chamber and particularly the shape and disposition of the louvers which provide the entrance of air into the upper chamber in a specifically directed path so that during combustion the flame will assume a whirling action similar to the action found in conventional mechanical oil burners employing motors and mechanical fans. The whirling action of the flame provides the desired advantages of aiding an effective intermixture of air and oil vapor and facilitating the substantially complete and even distribution of the heat to the heat exchanger.

Moreover, the contemplated construction permits the use of either distillate or a catalytic fuel oil which obviously provides the advantages or a minimum soot or carbon deposit.

It is to be understood that this construction is not to be limited to the employment of a particular class of fuel oils, either distillate or certain catalytic fuel oils being capable of employment in the burner to advantage and, where such fuel oils are employed, it will be found'that the carbon and soot deposits will be at a minimum.

' It is notable that the structure contemplated is economical to manufacture and readily adaptable to mass production manufacturing principles, thereby substantially reducing the cost of manufacture. Moreover, it will be found that the oil pot burner provides a substantially complete combustion of the fuel oils employed thereby providing a savings to the user in fuel oil consumption for a given amount of heat.

From the foregoing disclosure it can be observed that I have provided an oil pot burner which efliciently fulfills the objects thereof as hereinbefore set forth and provides numerous advantages which may be summarized as follows:

1. structurally simple, efficient and durable;

2. Economical to manufacture and readily adaptable to mass production manufacturing principles; and

- 3. The provlsionjoran: ollj pot-burner employ ing a construction which will causefthe flame in the high fire stages to impartxa whirling action without necessitating the. employment of mechanical means, this whirling action contributing to the efiiciencyof the operation by improved air and oil vapornu' xing and to more effectively distribute the heat to the heat exchanger.

While I have illustrated. a preferred embodiment of my invention, many modifications may be made without departing fromthespirit. of the invention, and I do not wish to be limited to the Precise details ofconstructlon set forth but wish to avail myself of all changes within the. scope of the appended claims.

1. An oil pot type burner comprising, vertically extending wall means forming a lower combustion chamber defining a pan-shaped pot of substantially circular shape and having means to re.- ceive either a distillate or a catalyticfuel eoil, said wall means adjacent the upper regions thereof having a plurality of-apertures disposed in series relationship in at least two-separate spaced planes running in a substantiallyhorizon tal direction and adapted to permit air to enter into said lower combustion chamber, a cover for said lower combustion chamber having a cen t'ral through opening'and provided with at least two rows of apertures disposed radially outwardly of the central opening and'adapted to permitair to enter said lower combustion chamber, wall means carried by said cover and arranged to define an upwardly and outwardly flared shaped upper combustion chamber the lower end of which being open and embracing the marginal edges of said central through opening and arranged in open communication with said lower combustion chamber, the air flowing through the apertures in the wall means and in said cover providing a primary source of air to facilitate an initial combustion of the fuel oil in the lower combustion chamber whereupon the heavy combustible gases are directed into the upper combustion chamber into the path of a secondary source of air to complete the combustion, said upper combustion chamber being provided with a plurality of louvers arranged in at least three separate spaced planes running in a substantially horizontal direction and permitting air to pass therethrough' to define a secondary source of air and arranged to direct said air coming into the upper chamber in a particular path to impart a circular and whirling action to the flame, and a post-like member supported in the lower combustion chamber and extending through but spaced from the marginal edges of said central through opening and into both of said combustion chambers and having a tubular shaped enlarged portion disposed in the upper combustion chamber, said tubular shaped enlarged portion being arranged to take up a predetermined amount of space in the central regions of the upper combustion chamber for cooperation with the primary source of air and the secondary source of air to direct the heavy high combustible gas normally rising upwardly in the central regions of the burner into the path of the secondary air entering into the upper combustion chamber.

2. In an oil pot type burner, the combination with vertically extending wall means forming a lower combustion chamber defining a pan-shaped pot of substantially circular shape and having means to receive either a distillate or a catalytic fuel oil, said wall means adjacent the upper regions thereof having a plurality of apertures disposed in series relationship in at least. two separate spaced planes running in a substantially horizontal direction and adapted to permit air to enter into said lower combustion chamber, of *a cover for said lower combustion chamber having a central through opening and provided with at least two rows of apertures disposed radially outwardly of the central opening and adapted to permit air to enter said lower combustion chamber, and wall means carried by said cover and arranged to define an upwardly and outwardly flared shaped upper combustion chamber the end of which being open and embracing the marginal edges of said central through opening and arranged in open communication with said lower combustion chamber, the air flowing through the apertures in the wall means and in said cover providing a primary source of air to facilitate an initial combustion of the fuel oil in the lower combustion chamber whereupon the heavy com- .bustible gases are directed into the upper combustion chamber into the path of a secondary source of air to complete the combustion, said upper combustion chamber being provided with a plurality of louvers arranged in at least three separate spaced planes running in a substantially horizontal direction and permitting air to pass therethrough to define a secondary source of air and arranged to direct said air coming into the upper chamber in a particular path to impart a circular and whirling action to the flame, and said burner having a post-like member extending through said central through opening and into both of said combustion chambers and having an enlarged portion disposed in the upper combustion chamber, said enlarged portion being arranged to take up a predetermined amount of space in the central regions of the upper combustion chamber for cooperation with the primary source of air and the secondary source of air to direct the heavy high combustible gas normally rising upwardly in the central region of the burner into the path of the secondary air entering into the upper combustion chamber.

RICHARD CHARLES LARAMY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Hodges Jan. 30, 1945

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