US2207547A - Burner for liquid fuels - Google Patents

Description

y 9, 1940- F. x. MANTSION 2,207,547

BURNER FOR LIQUID FU ELS Filed April 11, 1938 INVENTOR .F'rank'XlZ an fszon ATTORNEY II o Patented July 9, 1940 UNITED STATEfi mm ormcs 2 Claims.

The object of the invention is to provide improvements in burners for various types of fluid fuels broadly, but which burners are especially adapted for use in the burning of liquid fuels,

5 such'as the several grades of so-called fuel oil which are widely obtainable on the market.

A more specific object is to provide an improved construction and arrangement of bafiles, whereby the vaporized fuel is mixed with steam and then caused to pursue a tortuous path, between and against hot surfaces, by which both an increased turbulence and a more thorough ignition is effected.

Another object is to provide an improved baflie 5 element, comprising a cylindrical structure such as can be formed of a suitable metal or of vitreous clay material, such as has been perfected for use in gas heaters and the like, said element being provided with either holes or U-shaped cutout apertures, positioned in longitudinally spaced rows, in which they are in turn circumferentially spaced.

A further object is to provide an improved chambered structure in which the liquid fuel is 2.7 more thoroughly mixed with steam, from which all particles of water have first been removed, by means of a suitable trap interposed in the steam line, and from which structure the carbureted fuel is diffused in general towards said baffles.

With the objects thus briefly stated, the invention comprises further details of construction and operation, such as are hereinafter fully brought out in the following description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, which comprises an elevational view of the preferred embodiment of the device, shown partly in section.

Referring to the drawing, the improved burner structure is here shown in association with certain other elements, which are intended to be considered as merely illustrative of devices with which said burner is intended to be operatively associated. More particularly, the burner structure is here shown as being surrounded by a cylindrical wall l, which, however, is intended merely to represent the adjacent wall of a furnace or heater structure, while upon the outer side of such wall there is in practice a more or 50 less definite volume of air, water, or other fluid, designed to be heated by fuel burned within and in association with said burner.

Within the confines of the wall I are positioned preferably two or more tanks 2 of any suitable size and shape and adapted to contain water,

as indicated at 3. Said tanks are connected at their upper portions by means of a pressureequalizing pipe 4, and also at their lower portions, by means of a similar pipe 5 to equalize the water level therein. Upon the outer side of the wall I is positioned an auxiliary tank 6, the upper end of which is connected by a pipe 1 to the corresponding end of one of the tanks 2, and connected at its lower end in turn by a pipe8 with the lower portion of one of said first-mentioned tanks, while leading into said auxiliary tank is a water supply pipe 9, provided upon its inner end with a float-controlled valve H! of any wellknown construction-the float of which rests upon the'water indicatedat II, the height of which obviously remains the same as that of the water within the tanks 2. Said auxiliary tank is also preferably provided with an outlet pipe l2 extending from its upper portion and controlled by means of a safety or relief valve I3.

Positioned between the lower portions of' the tanks 2 is a hollow cup-shaped member l4, into which extends at any desired location a liquid fuel supply pipe l5, while said member is provided centrally with an upstanding nozzle l6, having an axial discharge bore H, the lower end of which is connected by a pipe I 8 with the upper portion of the interior of a hollow casing l9, into one lateral side of which extends a' steam-conducting pipe 20 from the upper portion of one of said first-mentioned tanks 2. Said casing provides a steam trap and when relatively cool, as when the burning of the fuel is but starting, the first steam entering said casing by way of the pipe 20 will usually tend to condense into water and settle to the bottom of said casing, thereby being restrained from passing from said casing through the pipe I8, into the region above the nozzles I6 and thence into con-' tact with the fuel flowing inwardly through the supply pipe l5. Furthermore, the lower end of the pipe l8 preferably extends freely beneath the uppermost wall of said casing, thereby contributing to the prevention of drops or even droplets of water emerging from the steam trap. Obviously, after the said trap casing has become heated, both by the continued passage of steam through it and by reason of the heat radiated downwardly from the superimposed burner, the entering steam will not thereafter continue to be condensed, but will pass freely through said trap casing, while water which may have already condensed therein will be vaporized and eventually pass as steam from said casing until the latter again attains dryness.

The cup-shaped member I4 is provided with any desired number of radially extending arms 2|, which removably support the depending cylindrical flange 22 of a cover member, which also comprises a substantially planular portion 23, provided with any desired number of spaced apertures 24 and partially spanning the upper edge portions of said flange, but at its center being provided in turn with an aperture 25, surrounded by an upwardly extending cylindrical projection 26, it being understood that while only one supporting arm 2| and aperture 24 is shown in the drawing, the latter comprises only a vertical section of the burner members, as they are all symmetrical upon both sides of the plane upon which said section is taken.

Removably resting upon the radially outer portion of the said planular portion 23 of said last-mentioned member is an improved cylindrical bafile member 2'l,,provided with vertically or longitudinally spaced series of apertures 28, the apertures of each series being circumferentially spaced with respect to one another within each series and the apertures of the two series being staggered with respect to one another. Spaced above and within a short distance of the upper edge portion of said cylindrical bafile member is a transversely extending bafile disc 29, the upper and lower surfaces of which are preferably convex and concave, respectively, and provided with one or more restricted apertures 30, while the periphery of said disc is provided with any desired number of radially extending arms 3|, by means of which said bafile disc is detachably supported by brackets 32, or the like, carried by adjacent portions of tanks 2 or other suitable support.

Finally, positioned above and in spaced relation with respect to said disc baffle is a second baffle 33, which is in general disc shaped, but which is characterized by radially outwardly extending corrugations 34, the depth of each of which increases as it progresses from the center of said last-mentioned bafile to the periphery thereof. The underside of this bafiie is, therefore, in general concaved and is provided with any desired number of radially outwardly extending arms 35, which are detachably supported by stirrups or other suitable form of brackets 36, which also may be carried by adjacent portions of the tanks 2, or by other available supporting means.

In the operation of this device, fuel entering the inlet pipe !5 and steam entering through the nozzle l6 inter-mix with air entering between the adjacent edges of the members i l and 22 within and above the cup-shaped member is and within and beneath the superimposed cover member 22-26, whereby upon proper adjustment of the mixture of steam, liquid fuel and air, the gases of combustion take several paths. The first path is that through the centrally positioned upstanding extension 25 of said cover member, thence partly through the bafile aperture 38, partly laterally above the bailie 21 and partly laterally through the apertures 28 in said lastmentioned baffie. Another path is in general downwardly through the plurality of apertures 24 from the interior of the apertured cylindrical baffle member 27. Thus the force of the combined fuel and dry steam, together with the volume of the resulting combination of gases, is so great, that a substantial portion of the generated heat is directed downwardly, by radiation, towards and around the casing I9. The result is that the subsequent color of the flame is best described as gas blue, identical with the result of burning illuminating gas and air in a Bunsen burner.

The combustion gases passing directly upwardly through the cover extension 28 pass partly through the disc baffle aperture 39, but to a greater degree laterally around the periphery of this baffle and eventually upwardly. The gases are further intermixed by and within the cylindrical bafile member 2! and emerge laterally through the apertures 28, which in turn may comprise either circular or other form of enclosed apertures, as compared with U-shaped apertures open at their ends, as in the form shown in the drawing. As a result of the preferably convex upper surface of the disc bafile 23 and the concave under surface of the baffle 33, in addition to the fact that the diameter of said lastmentioned baifie is greater than that of the lower baflle 29, the gases passing both through and around the last-mentioned baffle tend to swirl radially inwardly and still further inter-mix beneath the top bafiie 33, whence they flow radially outwardly through the corrugations 34, and thence on upwardly towards the usual. stack or other outlet from the boiler, furnace, or other type of heater, after having been so thoroughly bufieted and churned as to effect complete combustion. The baffles 22 and 27 furthermore serve as means to deaden the sound which in their absence is generated by the rush of the gases while burning under pressure.

During the process of combustion as thus recited, it is believed to be obvious, that the heat generated by the burning fuel will be transmitted laterally outwardly, as well as upwardly through radiation, convection, and circulation to an extremely high degree of efficiency, so that such heat will be efficiently transmitted through the surrounding wall I, to whatever heat-conducting medium may be upon the outer side thereof. It is also to be understood that the form of burner herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing involves principles of operation and construction, such that numerous changes may be made in the details of construction of the several parts without departing from the scope of the invention in its broadest conception.

If desired, a valve may be placed in the steam pipe 20 in addition to the valve (not shown), which is always placed in the fuel supply pipe l5, so that by properly adjusting the flow of steam and fuel into theburner, the proper degree of combustion and resulting heat can be obtained as indicated by the color and character of the flame produced. A modified form of the burner particularly adapted for use in large installations resides in eliminating the cover member 22-26, in which case the battles 29 and 33 may be lowered into closer proximity to the cupshaped member l4, upon which the cylindrical baille member 2? would then rest directly, or said cylindrical baffle may instead be extended in height to compensate for the absence of said cover member. However, in relatively small installations it has been found that the use of the cover member is preferable and insures a somewhathigher degree of efficiency. Furthermore, by placing interchangeable nozzles of varying diameters in the discharge l! in well known manner, or instead a single nozzle of variable size, a fine regulation of the type and capacity of the jet can be eifected, for efficiently controlling the resulting flame.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A burner, comprising a cup-shaped member, means to lead liquid fuel into said member, a conduit to lead steam into said member, a trap in said conduit beneath said member, an inverted cup-shaped member above said first member and having its adjacent edge portions spaced therefrom, and provided with an upwardly directed aperture, a substantially cylindrical apertured baflle surrounding said aperture, a disc bafile positioned above and in spaced relation with said first bafile, to provide a tortuous path for gases of combustion originating within and between said cup-shaped members, said disc baffle being provided with an aperture, so that portions of said gases can pass therethrough and other portions pass around its periphery to produce an initial turbulence of said gases, and a second disc bafile positioned above said first disc and provided with radially extending corrugations, so as to produce a secondary turbulence of said gases.

2. A burner, comprising a cup-shaped memher, means to lead liquid fuel into said member, a conduit to lead steam into said member, a trap in said conduit beneath said member, an inverted cup-shaped member above said first member and havingits adjacent edge portions spaced therefrom, said inverted member being provided With a substantially centrally extending channelled extension and surrounding apertures, a substantially cylindrical bafile having spaced rows of relatively staggered apertures, surrounding said channelled extension and the apertures in said inverted member, a concave disc bafiie positioned above and in spaced relation with said first bafiie, to provide a tortuous path for gases of combustion originating within and between said cup-shaped members, said disc bafile being provided with an aperture, so that portions of said gases can pass there-through, and other portions pass around its periphery to produce an initial turbulence of said gases, and a second concave disc baffie positioned above said first disc and provided with radially extending corrugations of increasing depth outwardly, so as to produce a secondary turbulence of said gases.

FRANK X. MANTSION.

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