US2367460A - Crude oil burner - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 16, 1945. A. DEKKER CRUDE OIL BURNER Filed April 29, 194G l I l I l l I \I\\ IN VENT'OR Patented Jan. 16, 1945 CRUDE OIL BURNER Arlen Dekker, Fynaart, Netherlands; vested in the Alien Property Custodian Application April 29, 1940, Serial No. 332,417 In Belgium May 10, 1939 1 Claim.

The invention relates to improvements in atmospheric crude oil burners.

An important object of the invention is to increase the temperature of the burner parts so as to ensure adequate evaporation of heavy crude oils in the pan and make the burner insensitive to changes in the quality of the oil, and ensure maintenance of the economical oil-gas flame at small rates of combustion and prevent great residue discharge from the gutter at full rates of combustion, whereby a greater turn-down ratio is obtained.

A further object is to efiect a rotating motion of the oil-gas flame and the residue flame in order to obtain greater efliciency and economy and a sootless and smokeless combustion with slight chimney draught.

Another object is to obviate the necessity for cleaning by ensuring better combustion and a higher temperature of the burner parts.

Further features are better combustion of the residue in the separate residue combustion chamber, easy ignition of the burner and a greater supply of combustion air to the residue combustion chamber until the gas flame ignites, and elimination of roaring of the burner and choking-up of the residue discharge pipe.

One illustrative form of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. I is a vertical section of the entire burner, Fig. II a plan view of the burner with the cover removed; Figure III is a plan view without the covers 3 and 8, Fig. IV a section through the cams 36 and notches 31, Fig. V is a profile view of the cams 36, notches 31 and slots I5, Fig. VI a fragmentary view of the crude-oil supply, and Fig. VII is a part section of a modification.

My improved burner burns heavy crude oils such as Diesel oils, fuel oils of S. G. 0.875, burning low or at full capacity during a long period without trouble or cleaning. The burner is sootless and smokeless, highly efllcient, adjustable like a gas burner, and with an ordinary kitchen chimney or pipe of feet in length. Without my improvements, however, such a burner gives much trouble even when burning light crude oils, is much less efficient, and has other disadvantages which make it unsuitable.

The burner consists of a covered annular evaporation pan i2 with a sloping bottom I3, vertical gas-outlet slit 9, a fuel-supply 28 at the top of the slope, an outlet 3| for the non-evaporated fuel (residue) at the bottom of the slope, a crudeoil gas combustion chamber 2| and a residue combustion chamber 32 for the burning of the heavy parts of the crude oil, the flame of which heats the pan l2 and its cover 8 while rising through the hole 29 in the middle of the burner, which hole is formed by the annular .pan [2.

The slope of the bottom of the pan 12 has a varying pitch, to obtain even evaporation in the whole pan and prevent coke formation in the pan. The lower end of the bottom has a sink. The pan is provided with a small ridge 35 between its higher end and the sink.

The pan is entirely closed by the cover 8. except for a vertical gas-outlet slit 9. The cover is hollow and this hollow has ribs 6, which extend into the hole 29, in order to ensure rapid evaporation in the pan and a speedy ignition of the hot oil-gas vapor, so that the full capacity of the burner is soon brought into play. The outside of the cover 8 has a vertical upward extension 1, which projects above the top of the gasoutlet slit 9 and joins the inclined ascending upper surface 5 of the cover 8, to prevent roaring of the oil-gas flame. The surface 5 has'tangential ribs 4 to give the oil-gas flame a rotating motion, in order to obtain better combustion and greater eiiiciency. The cover has at its underside a sharp edge H and the wall of the pan has a sharp edge 10 to prevent oil creeping up into the gas slit 9 and choking it up. The outer wall of the pan has a vertical extension 25 integral with the pan, in order to transmit heat from the oil-gas flame to the pan and increase its temperature. The extension 25 has holes 24 and slots 23 for the supply of combustion air to the combustion chamber 2|. The upper edge of this extension 25 supports a cover 3 with a narrow aperture and a cylindrical flange 2. The pan fits close and with a bevelled side l4 upon the bevelled edge I6 of the lower pan l8, which forms the residue combustion chamber 32. The bevelled side 14 is provided with tangential slots l5, which give the passing combustion air a rotating downward motion and improve the combustion of the residue. The lower pan l8 has a column 21 with a brim 22 cast with the bottom of the chamber 32 (lower pan l8), which brim quickly transfers the heat from the residue flame to the bottom of the lower pan.

The pan 12 has tangential ribs IS on its underside to give the residue flame a rotating motion and to increase the temperature of the pan, thereby obtaining better residu combustion.

The pan has slanting cams 36 fitting in slanting notches 31 in the wall of the lower pan l8, which is connected by means of screws I! with the protection base 20 having a handle 33. The

space between the lower pan and the protection box 20 is filled with insulation material 34, to increase the temperature in the residue combustion chamber. The burner has a jacket 28 for pre-he-ating the combustion air, in order to increase the temperature ofthe burner itself and to obtain better combustion of heavy crude oils and greater efficiency.

The burner is pressed by means of a suitable support against the flame inlet pipe I of the range, stove or geyser or the like, which is connected with a chimney. The crude oil is supplied from a tap 38 of a fuel tank, through an oil pipe having a funnel 39 and an oil-lock 40, to prevent air from pasing into the pan l2 and to avoid coke-formation in the pan. The pan I2 is raised from the lower pan I8 by holding the pan in its place and turning the handle 33, thereby moving the cams 38 in the notches 31 and obtaining suflicient space to throw a burning match into the thin layer of crude oil, which has dropped from the fuel-tap 38 into the funnel 39 and has flowed through the oil-lock 4D, the hole 28, the pan I2 and the residue-hole 3| onto the bottom of the lower pan IS. The flame rises through the hole 29, heating the bottom |3 of the pan l2 and its cover 8 with ribs 6 and the brim 22 of the column 21 on its way to the appliance, which is to be heated.

The column 21 transmits its heat to the bottom of the lower pan |8. causing such a rapid production of gas that flames pass outside the burner and back into the combustion chamber 2| through the holes 24 and heat the ribs 4 and the surface 5 of the cover 8. Soon the evaporation of the crude oil in the pan becomes so great that the oil-gas escapes through the gas-slit 9 and is ignited by the flame from the lower combustion chamber 32. In the meantime this flame has begun to heat the appliance. The oil-gas flame, which is the hot economical flame and the principal one, touches the ribs 4 and the upper surface 5 of the cover 8, obtaining its combustion air through the holes 24 and slots 23. Soon the evaporation reaches its maximum and very little residue passes through the hole 3| into the residue combustion chamber 32.

Then flames no longer pass to the outside from the chamber 32, the handle 33 is turned back and the pan |2 again fits close on the lower pan I8, combustion air passing only through the small slots I5, as only a small quantity of air is required for the small residue flame. A great quantity of air would cool down the bottom of the pan too much and decrease the evaporation of oil. The contact of the oil-gas flame with the ribs 4 and the surface 5 and the extended wall 25, and of the residue flame with the ribs l9, ensures maintenance of the evaporation during small fuel supply, preventing oil-gas flame extinction, and ensures firstly, full evaporation of the lighter parts of the crude oil, secondly, small residue discharge through the hole 3| at all loads, thirdly, rapid attainment of the full capacity of the burner, and fourthly, a great turn-down ratio. The modifled form in Fig. VII has two covers 4| and 42, separated by gas slit 43, over the pan l2, cover 42 being provided with ring 44 having air holes 24.

While the heavy crude oil evaporates on its way through the pan its viscosity changes. Therefore the pitch of the slope is made to suit these viscosities at various parts of the bottom.

I am aware that prior to my invention crude oil burners have been made with a covered annular evaporation pan with a sloping bottom. an oil-gas outlet, a residue outlet at the lower end of the bottom and a separate residue combustion chamber underneath where the residue burns and heats the gutter and its cover. I therefore do not claim such a combination broadly.

I claim:

In a crude oil burner, the combination of all annular vaporizing pan provided with a cover and having a sloping bottom, an oil-gas outlet, a residue outlet at the lower end of the'bottom, a separate residue combustion chamber below the vaporizing pan where the residue burns and heats the pan and cover, said cover and pan provided with tangential ribs whereby a rotating motion is imparted to both the oil-gas flame and the residue flame and whereby heat is readily conducted to the pan and cover, said cover being provided with a vertical and inclined extension whereby the inner side of the flame is limited and roaring is prevented, a vertical extension of the outer wall of the pan whereby heat is conducted to the bottom of the pan, said pan being provided with slots for supplying air to the residue chamber, said sloping bottom of the pan being provided with a' varying pitch to insure uniform oil film thickness.

A. DEKKER.

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