DK156331B

DK156331B - HEAT METERS OF THE EVAPORATIVE TYPE AND PROCEDURES FOR USING THE FILLING OF AMPULS FOR SUCH HEAT METERS

Info

Publication number: DK156331B
Application number: DK70886A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Jens Peter Fischer Hansen
Original assignee: Kosan Brunata As
Priority date: 1986-02-13
Filing date: 1986-02-13
Publication date: 1989-08-07
Also published as: DK70886A; NL8700320A; FR2594222A1; DE3703329A1; NL193472B; DK156331C; FR2594222B1; DK70886D0; NL193472C

Description

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Den foreliggende opfindelse angâr en varmemâler af fordampningstypen med et hus og mindst én deri anbragt gennemsigtig ampul, der er âben ved den ene ende, og som indeholder en fyldning af en fordampelig vædske, hvilken mêler endvidere er forsynet med en skala for aflæs-5 ning af den fra ampul1 en afdampede væske.The present invention relates to an evaporator type heat meter having a housing and at least one transparent ampoule disposed at one end which contains a vaporizable liquid filling which meter is further provided with a reading scale. of the vapor from a vaporized liquid.

I henhold til normblad DIN 4714 Teil 2 "Aufbau der Heizkostenvertei-ler" foreskrives det, at ampul1er til varmemâlere af den i det fore-gâende nævnte art ikke bor hâve en indvendig diameter, der er mindre 10 end 4,5 mm pâ grund af kapillarvirkningen. Endvidere er der i en- gelsk patentskrift som passende indvendig diameter nævnt 4 til 5 mm.According to standard sheet DIN 4714 Teil 2 "Aufbau der Heizkostenverteiler", it is stipulated that ampoules for heat meters of the aforementioned kind should not have an internal diameter of less than 10 mm due to capillarity. Furthermore, in English patent, the appropriate internal diameter is mentioned as 4 to 5 mm.

Den foreliggende opfindelse hviler pâ den erkendelse, at denne foreskrevne, mindste indvendige diameter af ampul1en hviler pâ en 15 forkert erkendelse. Da ampul1er til varmemâlere af den her omhand-lede art er lukket ved deres ene ende og âben ved deres anden ende, og da væskefyldningen i ampul1en endvidere skal være ubrudt, d.v.s. uden luftbobler, da der ellers fremkommer et forkert mâleresultat, kan der ikke i en sâdan ampul fremkomme nogen skadelig kapillarvirk-20 ning. Hvis en ampul er rigtigt fyldt, er den fyldt med væske fra den lukkede nederste ende og indtil et stykke fra den pverste âbne ende, altsâ i form af en ubrudt væskespjle. Der vil naturligvis ved en ampul med en lille indvendig diameter fremkomme en kapillarvirkning ved væskeoverfladen, og som vil forspge at trække denne opefter. Da 25 væskespjlen imidlertid er brudt og ampul1 en er lukket ved sin bund, har den pâgældende kapillarvirkning ingen mulighed for at trække den pverste ende af væskespjlen opefter, med mindre kapillarvirkningen bliver sâ stærk, at der i den pâgældende væskespjle fremkommer et tryk, der er mindre end den pâgældende væskes damptryk ved de 30 temperaturer, som den pâgældende væske bliver udsat for. Da kapillar-virkningen imidlertid kun giver anledning til en lille trykfor-mindskelse i væskesojlen, og da dennes damptryk er forholdsvis hpjt ved de temperaturer, som den udsættes for, er det helt usandsynligt, at kapillarvirkningen skal kunne fremkalde et sâ lille tryk i 35 væskespjlen, at der fremkommer damplommer. Kapillarvirkningen kan kort sagt ikke flytte væskeoverfladen.The present invention rests on the realization that this prescribed smallest internal diameter of the vial rests on a wrong recognition. Since ampoules for heat meters of the present invention are closed at one end and open at their other end, and since the liquid filling in the ampoule must also be unbroken, i.e. without air bubbles, otherwise an incorrect measurement result will appear, no damaging capillary action can occur in such an ampoule. If a vial is properly filled, it is filled with liquid from the closed lower end and up to a distance from the pervert open end, that is, in the form of an unbroken liquid valve. Of course, a vial having a small internal diameter will produce a capillary action at the liquid surface, which will predict to pull it upwards. However, since the liquid level is broken and the ampoule is closed at its bottom, the capillary action in question has no way of pulling the upper end of the liquid level upwards, unless the capillary action becomes so strong that a pressure that is present in the liquid level is obtained. less than the vapor pressure of the fluid in question at the 30 temperatures to which the fluid in question is exposed. However, since the capillary action only gives rise to a small pressure reduction in the liquid column, and since its vapor pressure is relatively high at the temperatures to which it is exposed, it is quite unlikely that the capillary action should be able to produce such a small pressure in the liquid level. that steam pockets appear. In short, the capillary action cannot move the fluid surface.

Den foreliggende opfindelse hviler endvidere pâ den erkendelse, at anvendelsen af de hidtil anvendte tykke ampul1er giver anledning til 2The present invention further rests on the recognition that the use of the previously used thick ampoules gives rise to 2

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en række ulemper. Sâledes kræves der ti 1 ampullernes fyldning en forholdsvis stor væskemængde, hvilket i sig selv er en ulempe pâ grund af væskens pris. Hertil kommer ogsâ, at tykke ampuller inde-bærer store transportomkostninger, navnlig nâr man betænker, at varmemâlere af den her omhandlede art skal hâve deres ampuller 5 udskiftet én gang om âret. Yderligere er en stor væskefyldning i en ampul uheldig derved, at der fremkommer afdampning af forholdsvis store væskemængder. Dette kan medfpre miljpforurening, hvilket man i stedse stigende grad er pâ vagt overfor. Yderligere forholder det sig sâledes, at jo storre en ampul er, jo mindre gods kan der indgâ 10 i den pâgældende varmemâler. Varmemâlerens hus skal overholde visse ydre dimensioner, for at den pâ simpel mâde lader sig anbringe, f.eks. pâ en radiator, og pâ en sâdan mâde, at huset fâr god varmeovergangskontakt med radiatoren. do st0rre ampul1 en eller ampullerne er, jo mindre plads stâr der til râdighed for gods. Dette 15 medfprer pâ sin side, at der kan fremkomme temperaturgradienter i varmemâlerhuset i dettes længderetning. Som bekendt anbringes varmemâlere af den her omhandlede art pâ et forud bestemt sted af f.eks. en rumopvarmningsradiator, nemlig sâledes at varmemâlerhuset udsættes for en temperatur, der varierer bedst muligt proportionalt 20 med den pâgældende radiators varmeafgivelse. Det punkt, hvor en sâdan varmemâler skal anbringes, er sâledes bestemt pâ forhând, men i kraft af radiatorhusets udstrækning kan dette naturligvis ikke anbringes i det pâgældende punkt, men man mâ vælge at anbringe huset sâledes, at et passende punkt af dette bliver sammenfaldende med det 25 pâgældende mâlepunkt. Hvis huset imidlertid kun omfatter lidt gods og derigennem har en forholdsvis dârlig varmeledningsevne, vil der fremkomme en temperaturgradient fra husets overste til dets nederste ende. Da der sker afdampning af væsken i ampuller, falder væske-standen i denne, og fdlgelig udsættes væsken i ampul1 en ikke altid 30 for den samme temperatur, og i særdeleshed ikke for den temperatur der hersker pâ radiatorens ideelle mâlepunkt.a number of disadvantages. Thus, the filling of the 10 1 vials requires a relatively large amount of liquid, which in itself is a disadvantage due to the price of the liquid. In addition, thick ampoules entail large transport costs, especially when you consider that heat meters of the kind in question must have their ampoules replaced once a year. Furthermore, a large liquid filling in an ampoule is disadvantageous in that evaporation of relatively large quantities of liquid is obtained. This can lead to environmental pollution, which one is increasingly wary of. Furthermore, the larger the ampoule, the smaller the goods can be included in the heat meter in question. The heat meter housing must comply with certain external dimensions in order for it to be placed in a simple manner, e.g. in a radiator, and in such a way that the house has good heat transfer contact with the radiator. the larger the ampoule or ampoules, the less space available for goods. This, in turn, means that temperature gradients may appear in the heat meter housing in its longitudinal direction. As is well known, heat meters of the kind in question are placed at a predetermined location of e.g. a room heating radiator, namely such that the heat meter housing is exposed to a temperature which varies as best as possible proportionally with the heat output of the radiator in question. The point at which such a heat meter is to be placed is thus determined in advance, but by virtue of the extent of the radiator housing, this cannot of course be placed at the point in question, but one must choose to place the housing so that an appropriate point of it coincides with the 25 target point in question. However, if the housing comprises only a small amount of goods and thereby has a relatively poor thermal conductivity, a temperature gradient will appear from the top of the housing to its lower end. As the liquid is evaporated in ampoules, the liquid level in it falls, and consequently the liquid in the ampoule is not always exposed to the same temperature, and especially not to the temperature prevailing at the ideal measuring point of the radiator.

Det er formâlet med den foreliggende opfindelse at anvise en varmemâler af den indlednîngsvis nævnte art, hvor de i det foregâ-35 ende nævnte ulemper er afhjulet, og dette opnâs ifdlge opfindelsen ved, at ampullens lysning har et tværsnitsareal, der er mindre end arealet af en cirkel med en diameter pâ 3,5 mm. Herved brydes der med den i det foregâende omtalte fordom og ogsâ med det nævnte 3SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat meter of the type mentioned in the foregoing, wherein the disadvantages mentioned in the foregoing are catered for, and this is achieved according to the invention in that the illumination of the vial has a cross-sectional area smaller than the area of a circle with a diameter of 3.5 mm. In this way, the prejudice referred to in the preceding paragraph is also broken and also with the said 3

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normblad, der foreskriver en indvendig diameter af ampullen, som ikke er mindre end 4,5 mm. Endvidere afhjælpes de i det foregâende omta.lte ulemper, idet jo mindre ampullens diameter er, jo mere gods kan huset indeholde, og jo mere gods huset kan indeholde, jo bedre 5 varmeledende bliver det, og der vil derfor være stprre mulighed for, at hele det pâgældende hus kan antage en temperatur, der stort set svarer til det i det foregâende omtalte ideelle mâlepunkt pâ f.eks. en radiator. Nâr huset sâledes har samme temperatur i hele sin længderetning, vil væsken i ampullen ogsâ hâve samme temperatur i 10 hele sin længderetning, og fplgelig vil væskeafdampningen ikke variere med væskespjlens længde. Yderligere bliver der bedre plads til de monteringshuller, som varmemâlere af den her omhandlede art er forsynet med, og som tjener til optagelse af fastgdrelsesskruer, ved hjælp af hvilke mâlerhuset forbindes med en eller flere bpjler 15 for fastholdelse f.eks. pâ en radiator. Sâdanne skruers hoveder, der er forsynet med en kærv, har man hidti 1 været tvunget til at an-bringe i nærheden af mâlerens ampul eller ampuller, hvorved kærven eller skruehovedets omkreds ved aflæsning af mâleren kan forveksles med væskeniveauet. Nâr man imidlertid anvender tynde ampuller som 20 foreslâet i henhold til den foreliggende opfindelse, fjernes disse ulemper, idet skruerne kan anbringes i rimelig afstand fra ampullen eller ampullerne. En yderligere fordel ved at anvende ampuller som foreslâet i henhold til den foreliggende opfindelse bestâr i, at en uautoriseret pâpyldning af ampulvæske mâ anses for at være udeluk-25 ket. Hvis det drejer sig om en tyk ampul af den hidtil kendte art, er det muligt ved hjælp af en kanyle og sprpjte at foretage en uautoriseret fyldning af ampullen. Forspg, der ligger til grund for den foreliggende opfindelse, har imidlertid vist, at en sâdan svigagtig efterfyldning af tynde ampuller som foreslâet i henhold 30 til den foreliggende opfindelse er umulig, hvilket netop skyldes kapillarvirkningen. Man kan naturligvis godt fâ kanyler, som er sà tynde, at de lader sig indfpre i ampuller som foreslâet i henhold til den foreliggende opfindelse, men nâr man igen vil trække kanylen ud af ampullen, kan det ikke undgâs, at den tynde væskespjle rives i 35 stykker, sâledes at der fremkommer luftafbrydelser, som derved afslprer, at uautoriseret pâfyldning har fundet sted.standard sheet which prescribes an internal diameter of the ampoule not less than 4.5 mm. Furthermore, the disadvantages mentioned above are rectified, since the smaller the diameter of the vial, the more goods the housing can contain and the more goods the housing can contain, the better the heat conductivity will be, and therefore there is a greater possibility that the whole of the housing in question can assume a temperature which corresponds substantially to the ideal measurement point mentioned above, e.g. A radiator. Thus, when the housing has the same temperature throughout its longitudinal direction, the liquid in the vial will also have the same temperature throughout its longitudinal direction, and consequently the liquid evaporation will not vary with the length of the liquid mirror. Further, there is better room for the mounting holes provided by heat meters of the kind in question and which serve to receive fastening screws, by means of which the meter housing is connected to one or more bars 15 for retention, e.g. on a radiator. Thus, the heads of such screws provided with a notch have been forced to be placed near the meter's ampoule or ampoules, whereby the notch or screw head's circumference upon reading the meter may be confused with the liquid level. However, when using thin ampoules as proposed in accordance with the present invention, these disadvantages are removed as the screws can be placed at a reasonable distance from the ampoule or ampoules. A further advantage of using ampoules as proposed in accordance with the present invention consists in the fact that an unauthorized loading of ampoule liquid must be considered excluded. In the case of a thick ampoule of the prior art, it is possible to make an unauthorized filling of the ampoule by means of a needle and syringe. However, forging the basis of the present invention has shown that such a fraudulent refilling of thin ampoules as proposed in accordance with the present invention is impossible, due precisely to the capillary action. Obviously, needles that are so thin that they can be inserted into ampoules as proposed in accordance with the present invention can be obtained, but when you want to remove the needle from the ampoule again, it cannot be avoided that the thin liquid syringe tear 35 pieces, resulting in interruptions of air, thereby revealing that unauthorized filling has taken place.

Den kapillarvirkning, som ampullen ifplge den foreliggende opfindelse har, medfprer endvidere, at friheden med hensyn til montering - .... ------- 4The capillary action of the ampoule according to the present invention further implies that the freedom of assembly - .... ------- 4

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af den pâgældende varmemâler forpges, idet der intet er til hinder for, at mâleren kan anbringes med ampullen vandret. Dette er f.eks. særdeles bekvemt i de tilfælde, hvor der drejer sig om specielle radiatorer, nemlig "fodpanelradiatorer". al sa smâ lave radiatorer, 5 soin anbringes forneden ved vægge med store glaspartier. Sâdanne radiatorer bestâr af et i tværsnit kvadratisk eller rektangulært legeme (vandkammer), der pâ forsiden og bagsiden har udragende lodrette finner til forpgelse af hedefladen og til styring af den forbistr0mmende luft. Pâ sâdanne radiatorer er det vanskeligt at 10 anbringe en mâler lodret. Nâr ampullen derimod er udformet som foreslâet i henhold til den foreliggende opfindelse, kan den pâgældende mâler anbringes vandret, altsâ ovenpâ en sâdan radiators vandkammer uden at komme i karambolage med radiatorens finner eller ribber, nemlig fordi kapillarvirkningen hindrer den pâgældende væske 15 i at strpmme ud af ampullen. Skulle ampullen knække, f.eks. ved montering eller demontering i forhold til det tilhprende hus, sker der ikke spild og dermed miljpforurening pâ grund af fordampet væske, fordi denne forbliver i de brudte dele af ampullen som f0lge af kapillarvirkningen. Forspg, som ligger til grund for den fore-20 liggende opfindelse, har endvidere vist, at selv om man skulle tabe ampullen, lober væsken ikke ud, og den ganske 1ilie menisk giver endvidere et aflæsningsresultat, som er langt npjagtigere end ved normale ampuller.of the heat meter in question is teased, as there is nothing to prevent the meter from being placed with the ampoule horizontally. This is e.g. particularly convenient in the case of special radiators, namely "foot panel radiators". all so small radiators, 5 soin are placed below by walls with large glass sections. Such radiators consist of a cross-sectional square or rectangular body (water chamber) having on the front and rear projecting vertical fins to pre-vent the heat surface and to control the overflowing air. On such radiators it is difficult to place a meter vertically. On the other hand, when the ampoule is designed as proposed in accordance with the present invention, the meter in question can be placed horizontally, i.e. on top of such a radiator's water chamber, without coming into carb with the radiator's fins or ribs, namely because the capillary action prevents the fluid in question from flowing of the vial. Should the vial break, e.g. when mounted or disassembled in relation to the adjoining housing, no waste and thus environmental pollution due to evaporated liquid does not occur, because it remains in the broken parts of the vial as a result of the capillary action. Forspg, which forms the basis of the present invention, has furthermore shown that even if one should drop the ampoule, the liquid does not run out, and the whole lily meniscus also gives a reading result which is far nighter than normal ampoules.

25 Man kunne forvente, at fyldningen af ampuller som foreslâet i henhold til den foreliggende opfindelse ville medfore vanskelighe-der, men forsog, som ligger til grund for den foreliggende opfindelse, har vist, at dette ikke er tilfældet, sâfremt der anvendes den sâkaldte "vakuumfyldning" af ampullerne, og som er beskrevet i 30 beskrivelsen til dansk patent nr. 116969. Denne fyldning gâr kort ud pâ, at ampullerne sættes under undertryk, hvorefter de vendes med bunden i vej'ret og anbringes med deres âbne ender i den pâgældende væske, hvorefter trykket udlignés, hvorved atmosfæretrykket vil trykke væske ind i ampullerne. Der vil derved ganske vist blive 35 dannet en luftlomme i bunden af ampullerne, men det har vist sig, at sâdanne luftlommer let lader sig fjerne, sâfremt ampullerne efter at være fyldt pâ denne màde if0lge opfindelsen underkastes en centri-fugering, ved hvilken ampullerne slynges rundt med deres længdeakse i radialretningen og ampulâbningen vendende mod rotationsaksen.25 It would be expected that the filling of ampoules as proposed in accordance with the present invention would cause difficulties, but attempts which form the basis of the present invention have shown that this is not the case if the so-called " vacuum filling "of the ampoules, as described in the disclosure of Danish Patent No. 116969. This filling briefly assumes that the ampoules are pressurized and then flipped to the bottom of the cartridge and placed with their open ends in the respective liquid, after which the pressure is equalized, whereby the atmospheric pressure will press liquid into the vials. Thus, an air pocket will be formed at the bottom of the vials, but it has been found that such air pockets are readily removable if the vials, after being filled in this manner, are subjected to a centrifuge in which the vials are thrown. around with their longitudinal axis in the radial direction and the vial opening facing the axis of rotation.

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Herved vil væsken sive langs glasset helt ned til bunden af ampul-len, sâledes at luftlommen langsomt bevæger sig mod ampullens âbning for til sidst at forsvinde. Væskeoverfladen i ampullem vil herefter hâve en afstand fra ampuloverkanten svarende til den oprindelige 5 luftlommes længde.In this way, the liquid will seep along the glass all the way to the bottom of the vial, so that the air pocket slowly moves toward the vial opening to eventually disappear. The liquid surface of the vial will then have a distance from the vial edge corresponding to the length of the original 5 air pockets.

En foretrukket udfprelsesform for varmemàleren ifplge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at tværsnitsarealet af ampullens lysning ligger mellem arealet af en cirkel, hvis diameter er mindre end 3,0 mm, 10 hvilken diameter endvidere er stprre end 1,0 mm, fortrinsvis stprre end 1,5 mm, og at diameteren hensigtsmæssigt er ca. 2 mm.A preferred embodiment of the heat meter according to the invention is characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the vial illumination lies between the area of a circle whose diameter is less than 3.0 mm, which diameter is further than 1.0 mm, preferably larger than 1. 5 mm and the diameter is conveniently approx. 2 mm.

Ampullen eller ampullerne kan være anbragt i langsgâende ri lier i huset, og dette kan bestâ af et stykke af en stang, hvori ri 11 en 15 eller rillerne er tilvejebragt ved trækning, eller af et stykke ved sprdjtestpbning fremstillet stang. Derved opnâs det, at huset kan fremstilles pâ en simpel mâde, og dette skyldes, at ri 11 en eller rillerne kun skal hâve lille tværsnit for at kunne optage de pâgæl-dende ampuller.The ampoule or ampoules may be arranged in longitudinal ridges in the housing, and this may consist of a piece of a rod, in which 11 or 15 the grooves are provided by pulling, or of a piece made by injection molding. In this way it is achieved that the housing can be manufactured in a simple manner, and this is because row 11 or the grooves only have to have a small cross section in order to be able to receive the ampoules in question.

2020

RiΠen eller rillerne kan hâve en tværsnitsform svarende til en cirkelbue pâ mere end 180e, hvis diameter kun er sa meget stprre end ampullens eller ampullernes ydre diameter, at ampullen eller ampullerne kan indskydes i ri lier eller rillerne fra en af stangdelens 25 ender. Herved opnâs der god varmeovergang mellem stangdelen og ampullen eller ampullerne, sâledes at der heller ikke kan fremkomme nogen temperaturgradient af betydning pâ tværs af ampullen eller ampullerne.The groove or grooves may have a cross-sectional shape similar to a circular arc of more than 180e, the diameter of which is only so much greater than the outer diameter of the ampoule or ampoules that the ampoule or ampoules can be inserted into rails or grooves from one of the ends of the bar portion 25. This provides a good heat transfer between the rod part and the ampoule or ampoules, so that no significant temperature gradient across the ampoule or ampoules can be obtained.

30 Denne udformning medfdrer endvidere den fordel, at der ikke kræves noget fordæksel pâ varmemàleren til fastholdelse af ampullen eller ampullerne, idet en udtagning fremefter af ampullen eller ampullerne er udelukket som f0lge af den store omslutning fra ri lien eller rillerne i stangdelen.30 This design also has the advantage that no cover is required on the heat meter for holding the ampoule or ampoules, as a withdrawal forward of the ampoule or ampoules is excluded as a result of the large enclosure from the tube or grooves in the rod part.

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Stangdelen kan ved sin i monteret stilling nedad vendende ende være forsynet med et aftageligt bundendedæksel, der er fastgjort til stangdelen med en plombe.The rod part may, at its downwardly facing end, be provided with a removable bottom end cover attached to the rod part with a seal.

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Stangdelen kan ved sin i monteret stilling opad vendende ende være forsynet med et aftageligt topendedæksel, der er fastgjort til stangdelen med en plombe, i hvilket dæksel der findes en endad âben udsparing til optagelse af den pverste ende af den mindst ene ampul.The rod portion, at its upwardly facing end, may be provided with a removable top end cap attached to the rod portion with a seal, in which a single open recess is provided for receiving the pervert end of the at least one ampoule.

5 Disse udformninger er fordelagtige ved, at man i det ene tilfælde kan foretage en udskiftning af ampullen eller ampullerne fra under-siden af huset, og i det andet tilfælde kan foretage en sâdan udskiftning oppefra. Dette er en fordel, idet det ikke altid er muligt pâ forhând at vælge en sâdan montering af varmemâleren, at 10 udskiftning kan ske fra en bestemt ende af denne.These designs are advantageous in that in one case one can make a replacement of the vial or vials from the underside of the housing, and in the other case one can make such a replacement from above. This is an advantage, since it is not always possible in advance to choose such a mounting of the thermometer that replacement can take place from a certain end thereof.

Til sikker fastholdelse af bundendedækslet eller topendedækslet kan disse hâve en i forhold til stangdelen aksialt rettet tap, og den tilsvarende ende af stangdelen kan være forsynet med et tilsvarende 15 hul, hvorhos dækslet har et fremspring, der i dækslets monterede stilling dækker en de! af stangdelens forside, hvilket fremspring og stangdel har til hinanden svarende huiler, hvori der er indsat en som plombe tjenende prop. Dette indebærer en simpel konstruktion, ved hvilken dækslerne let kan plomberes.For secure retention of the bottom cover or top end cover, these may have an axially directed pin relative to the rod part, and the corresponding end of the rod part may be provided with a corresponding 15 hole, the cover having a projection which in the mounted position of the cover covers one! from the front of the rod part, which protrusion and rod part have corresponding howls, in which a plug serving as a seal is inserted. This implies a simple construction by which the covers can be easily sealed.

20 I det tilfælde, hvor varmemâleren er forsynet med en separat skala-plade, kan stangdelen langs hver af kanterne af sin forside hâve en kanal, hvilke kanaler tjener til optagelse af skalapladens kanter. Skalapladens længde kan være lige sâ stor som stangdelens længde, og 25 skalapladen kan være fikseret i forhold til stangdelens ender ved hjælp af dækslerne. Herved opnâs der god overensstemmelse mellem den eller de pâ skalapladen værende skalaer og ampullen eller ampullerne, idet skalapladens underkant og ampullens eller ampullernes nederste ende er styret ved hjælp af bundendedækslet.In the case where the heat meter is provided with a separate scale plate, the rod portion along each of the edges of its front face may have a channel which channels serve to receive the edges of the scale plate. The length of the scale plate may be as large as the length of the rod part, and the scale plate may be fixed relative to the ends of the rod part by means of the covers. This ensures good consistency between the scale (s) on the scale plate and the vial (s), the bottom edge of the scale plate and the lower end of the vial (s) being controlled by the bottom cover.

3030

Det er kendt at forsyne varmemàlere af den her omhandlede art hver med to ampul 1er. Den ene ampul udgpres af den ampul, der blev anvendt i den foregâende driftsperiode, og den anden ampul udgpres af en "frisk ampul", som indsættes i mâleren ved den pâgældende 35 màleperiodes begyndelse. Nâr den pâgældende mâleperiode er afslut-tet, foretages der en udskiftning, idet den "garnie" ampul fjernes, og den ampul, som har vist forbruget i den netop afsluttede période, anbringes pâ det sted, hvor den "garnie" ampul var anbragt, og i stedet for den netop brugte ampul indsættes der en "frisk" ampul. IIt is known to supply two thermometers each with two ampoules. One ampoule is expressed by the ampoule used during the previous operating period and the other ampoule is by a "fresh ampoule" which is inserted into the meter at the beginning of the 35 measuring period in question. Once the current measurement period is over, a replacement is made, removing the "garnish" ampoule and placing the ampoule that has shown consumption in the just-completed period at the location where the "garnish" ampoule was placed, and instead of the just used ampoule, a "fresh" ampoule is inserted. IN

77

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sâdanne tilfælde er mâlerens skalaplade forsynet med to skalaer, nemlig en kontrolskala og en forbrugsskala. Denne sidste er udformet individuelt, nemlig ait efter hvortil den pâgældende mâler skal anvendes. Desuden er skalapiaden forsynet med en skala med sâkaldte 5 "benyttelsesenheder", i nærheden af hvilken den "garnie" ampul anbringes. Herved opnâs det, at det bliver mere sikkert at aflæse den pâgældende varmemâler efter en brugsperiode. Nâr der anvendes varmemâlere af denne art, skal den "garnie" ampul tilproppes for at undgâ fordampning derfra under den efterfplgende forbrugsperiode, 10 idet den kontrolforanstaltning, der ligger i anvendelsen af sâdanne to ampul!er, ellers ville gâ tabt. I dette tilfælde kan topende-dækslet hâve et til den pverste ende af den nævnte ampul svarende og denne tæt omsluttende hul. Derved sikres det, at der ikke sker afdampning fra den pâgældende ampul, og der skabes sâledes ogsâ 15 sikkerhed mod, at den pâgældende mâleraflæser skal "glemme" at tilproppe den pâgældende ampul.In such cases, the scale plate of the meter is provided with two scales, namely a control scale and a consumption scale. The latter is designed individually, namely according to which the meter in question is to be used. In addition, the scale pad is provided with a scale of so-called 5 "utility units" near which the "garnish" ampoule is placed. This makes it easier to read the relevant heat meter after a period of use. When heat meters of this kind are used, the "garnish" ampoule must be plugged to avoid evaporation therefrom during the subsequent period of consumption, 10 otherwise the control measure in the use of such two ampoules would be lost. In this case, the top end cap may have one which corresponds to the upper end of said ampoule and this tightly enclosing hole. This ensures that no evaporation from the ampoule in question is done and thus 15 security is created against the fact that the meter reading in question must "forget" to plug the ampoule in question.

Opfindelsen skal herefter forklares nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, hvor 20 fig. 1 viser en udf0relsesform for varmemâleren if0lge opfindelsen, set forfra, fig. 2 et snit efter linien II-II i fig . 1, 25 fig. 3 et snit efter linien III-III i fig. 1, og fig. 4 et snit stort set efter linien IV-IV i fig. 3.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the heat meter according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a section substantially along the line IV-IV of FIG. Third

30 Den pâ tegningen viste varmemâler er som helhed betegnet med 1. Den bestâr af et hus, der primært udgpres af en del af en stang 2, som i den viste udfprelsesform er afskâret fra en stang, der er frem-sti11 et ved trækning, og som bestâr af et godt varmeledende materi-ale. Stangdelen 2's tværsnit fremgâr tydeligst af fig, 3, hvoraf det 35 vil ses, at stangdelen 2 har en plan bagsideflade 3, to stejle bagsideflader 4 og 5, to lidt hældende bagsideflader 6 og 7, to indbyrdes parallelle sideflader 8 og'9 samt en forside 10. Langs sidekanterne af forsiden 10 har stangdelen langslpbende, i tværsnit krogformede dele 11 og 12, der danner mod hinanden âbne kanaler, der 830 The heat meter shown in the drawing is generally denoted by 1. It consists of a housing which is primarily formed by a part of a rod 2, which in the illustrated embodiment is cut from a rod made by drawing, and which consists of a good heat conducting material. The cross section of the rod part 2 is most clearly shown in Fig. 3, from which it will be seen that the rod part 2 has a flat backing surface 3, two steep backing surfaces 4 and 5, two slightly inclined backing surfaces 6 and 7, two mutually parallel side faces 8 and 9 and a face 10. Along the lateral edges of the face 10, the rod portion has longitudinally, cross-sectional hook-shaped portions 11 and 12 forming mutually open channels 8

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tjener tîl optagelse af sidekanterne af en skalaplade 13. I forsiden findes der to langsgâende riller 15 og 16, der set i tværsnit har cirkelbueform, hvor cirkelbuen strækker sig langs en vinkel pâ mere end 180e, i det viste tilfælde ca. 270°. I hver af rillerne er der 5 indsat en ampul 17, 18 med en væskefyldning, henholdsvis 19,20 (fig.serves to receive the side edges of a scale plate 13. In the front there are two longitudinal grooves 15 and 16, seen in cross-section, with a circular arc shape, the circular arc extending along an angle of more than 180e, in the case shown approx. 270 °. In each of the grooves, an ampoule 17, 18 with a liquid filling 19,20 is inserted (Figs.

1).1).

Stangdelen 2 forlpber tilnærmelsesvis i hele mâlerens hojde, hvor stangdelen 2's dverste og nederste ende er markeret med punkterede 10 linier, henholdsvis 21 og 22. Skalapladen 13 er forsynet med to langsgâende slidser 23 og 24, der i skalapladens monterede stilling befinder sig ud for rillerne henholdsvis 15 og 16 i stangdelen 2 og dermed ud for de deri indsatte ampuller 17 og 18. Som forklaret i det foregâende har skalapladen 13 en sâdan bredde, at dens sidekan-15 ter er optaget i de mod hinanden vendende kanaler i sidekantdelene 11 og 12. Skalapladen 13 er forsynet med to skalaer, nemlig en venstre skala omfattende taliéné 1, 2 —9, der markerer benyttel-sesenheder, og en hojre skala med tallene 0,5, 10 ... 50, der udgor en forbrugsskala. Skalapladen 13's længde svarer til længden af 20 stangdelen 2, og skalapladens endekanter er sâledes sammenfaldende med de punkterede linier 21 og 22.The bar portion 2 extends substantially throughout the height of the meter, with the bar and bottom end of the bar portion 2 being marked by dotted 10 lines, 21 and 22., respectively, the scale plate 13 is provided with two longitudinal slots 23 and 24, which are in the position of the scale plate adjacent to the grooves. 15 and 16, respectively, in the rod portion 2, and thus next to the ampoules 17 and 18. Inserted therein, as explained above, the scale plate 13 has such a width that its side edges 15 are accommodated in the facing channels in the side edge portions 11 and 12. The scale plate 13 is provided with two scales, namely a left scale comprising talons 1, 2 - 9, marking utility units, and a right scale with the numbers 0.5, 10 ... 50, representing a consumption scale. The length of the scale plate 13 corresponds to the length of the rod part 2 and the end edges of the scale plate thus coincide with the dotted lines 21 and 22.

Pâ stangdelen 2 er der anbragt to dæksler, nemlig et topendedæksel 26 og et bundendedæksel 27. Som det fremgâr af fig. 2, bestàr 25 topendedækslet 26 af en overplade 28, midt pâ hvis plane underside der findes en tap 29, som indgriber i et tilsvarende hul i stangdelen 2. Denne tap 29 forlober i stangdelen 2's længderetning. Topen-dedækslet 26 har endvidere et fremspring 30, der rager ned pâ forsiden af mâleren som vist i fig. 1. I dette fremspring 30 findes 30 der et hul 31, og et tilsvarende hul 32 er tilvejebragt i stangdelen 2. I topdækslets monterede stilling flugter disse huiler 31 og 32 med hinanden, og der er i disse og igennem et tilsvarende hul 33 i skalapladen indsat en plombe 34. Denne plombe udgores af en hul prop, der passer stramt i hullerne 31 og 32, og som er lukket ved 35 sin forside ved hjælp af en endevæg 35. Proppen kan kun udtages ved, at endevæggen 35 gennembrydes med et værktdj, hvorefter man kan udtrække proppen.Two covers are arranged on the rod part 2, namely a top end cover 26 and a bottom end cover 27. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the top 25 cover 26 consists of a top plate 28, in the middle of whose plane underside there is a pin 29, which engages in a corresponding hole in the rod part 2. This pin 29 extends in the longitudinal direction of the rod part 2. The top cover 26 also has a projection 30 which projects down the front of the meter as shown in FIG. 1. In this projection 30, there is a hole 31 and a corresponding hole 32 is provided in the rod part 2. In the mounted position of the top cover, these weights 31 and 32 are flush with each other, and there are in these and through a corresponding hole 33 in the scale plate insert a seal 34. This seal is formed by a hollow plug which fits tightly in the holes 31 and 32 and which is closed at its front face by an end wall 35. The plug can only be removed by piercing the end wall 35 with a tool die. , after which the plug can be pulled out.

I sin underside har topendedækslet endvidere to huiler 36 og 37, som 9In its underside, the top cover also has two howls 36 and 37, like 9

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det fremgâr af fig. 4. Hullet 36 omslutter pâ tæt mâde den pverste ende af ampullen 17, hvilken ende rager op over den rille 15, hvori den er indsat, og altsâ op over den pverste ende af stangdelen 2.it can be seen from FIG. 4. The aperture 36 tightly encloses the topmost end of the vial 17, which projectes upwardly over the groove 15 into which it is inserted, and thus above the topmost end of the rod portion 2.

Hullet 37 omslutter derimod den pverste ende af ampuillen 18 med 5 mellemrum, og der er endvidere i topendedækslet 26 tilvejebragt ikke viste kanaler, sâledes at dampe, som afdampes fra ampullen 18, kan undvige.The hole 37, on the other hand, encloses the topmost end of the ampoule 18 at 5 intervals, and no channels shown in the top end cover 26 are provided, so that vapors evaporated from the ampoule 18 can be avoided.

Bundendedækslet 27 bestâr pâ stort set tilsvarende mâde af en 10 underplade 40, der ligeledes er forsynet med en aksialt i forhold til stangdelen 2 rettet top 41, som Indgriber i et tilsvarende hul i stangdelen 2's nederste ende. Ogsâ bundendedækslet 27 har et frem-spring 42 med et hul 43, der i dækslets monterede stilling befinder sig aksialt pâ linie med et tilsvarende hul 44 i stangdelen 2. I 15 disse huiler er der indsat en plombe, der gâr gennem et tilsvarende hul 45 i skalapladen 13. Plomben er udformet som en hul prop 46 med en forvæg 47, sâledes at plomben kun kan fjernes, sâfremt forvæggen 47 gennemhulles med et værktpj, hvorefter plomben kan trækkes ud af de snævert passende huiler 43 og 44.The bottom cover 27 consists, in substantially the same manner, of a bottom plate 40, which is also provided with an axially directed top 41 directed to the rod part 2, which engages in a corresponding hole in the lower end of the rod part 2. The bottom end cover 27 also has a projection 42 with a hole 43 which in the mounted position of the cover is axially aligned with a corresponding hole 44 in the rod part 2. A seal which is inserted through a corresponding hole 45 is inserted into these holes. in the sealing plate 13. The seal is formed as a hollow plug 46 with a front wall 47, so that the seal can only be removed if the front wall 47 is pierced with a tool, after which the seal can be pulled out of the tightly fitting weights 43 and 44.

2020

Som det fremgâr af fig. 4, findes der i stangdelen 2 fire monte-ringshuller, nemlig. to 49 og 50, der befinder sig pâ stangdelen 2's langsgâende midterlinie, samt to huiler 51 og 52, der befinder sig pâ stangdelen 2's tværgàende midterlinie. Som det vil ses, befinder 25 hullerne 49 og 50 sig sâledes imellem de to riller 15 og 16, der optager de to ampuller 17 og 18, og der er god plads i sideretningen ud til disse riller. Monteringshullerne 51 og 52 befinder sig ogsâ i rigelig afstand fra rillerne og ampullerne og til siderne for disse, sâledes som det ogsâ fremgâr af fig. 3, hvor disse huiler er marke-30 rede med punkterede linier.As can be seen from FIG. 4, there are four mounting holes in the rod part 2, viz. two 49 and 50, which are on the longitudinal center line of the rod part 2, and two howls 51 and 52, which are on the transverse center line of the rod part 2. As will be seen, the 25 holes 49 and 50 are thus between the two grooves 15 and 16 which receive the two ampoules 17 and 18 and there is good lateral space next to these grooves. The mounting holes 51 and 52 are also at considerable distance from the grooves and ampoules and to the sides thereof, as also shown in FIG. 3, where these howls are marked with dotted lines.

Disse monteringshuller 49-52 tjener pâ i og for sig kendt mâde til montering af varmemâleren, sâledes at dennes bagside kommer i berpring med f.eks. en radiator. Alt efter radiatorens udformning 35 kan man anvende enten monteringshullerne 49,50,51 eller 52.These mounting holes 49-52 serve in a manner known per se for mounting the heat meter, so that its back side contacts with e.g. A radiator. Depending on the design of the radiator 35, either the mounting holes 49,50,51 or 52 can be used.

Ampullerne 17 og 18 bestâr af gennemsigtigt materiale, sâledes at væskestanden i ampullerne kan aflæses gennem slidserne 23,24. Ampullerne har meget lille lysning, nemlig et tværsnitsareal, der erThe vials 17 and 18 are made of transparent material so that the liquid level in the vials can be read through the slots 23,24. The ampoules have very little illumination, namely a cross-sectional area that is

Claims

An evaporator-type heat meter (1) having a housing (2) and at least one transparent ampoule (17; 18) open at one end and containing a filling of an evaporative liquid, the meter further provided with a scale for reading the evaporated liquid from the ampoule 1, characterized in that the illumination of the ampoule 20 (17; 18} has a cross-sectional area smaller than the area of a circle with a diameter of 3.5 mm.

Heat meter according to claim 2, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the illumination of the vial (17; 18) lies between the area of a circle whose diameter is less than 3.0 mm, which diameter is further than 1.0 mm, preferably greater than 1.5 mm, and the diameter is conveniently approx. 2 mm.

Method for use in filling ampoules for heat meters 30 according to claim 1, in which entrapment of the liquid in the ampoules is done by vacuum filling, characterized in that the ampoules are subjected to a centrifugation after the filling in which the ampoules are thrown. around with their longitudinal axis in the radial direction and the ampoule facing the axis of rotation. 35