DK154772B - SHOOTING DOUBLE GLASS WINDOW - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a bulletproof double glazing pane according to the preamble of claim 1.

It has long been known that a bulletproof pane can be obtained by the use of an armored glass pane consisting of several interlocking glass panes. It has been found that an armor glass of this kind with a thickness of 25 - 30 mm is safe from gunshot firing, while a 54 - 60 mm thick pane is safe from gunshots. A disadvantage of the known armor glass blocks is that they have a relatively high weight because of the necessary thickness. Therefore, instead of glass in such armor glass blocks, attempts have already been made to use plastic material, however, it has been found, however, that the advantage of the plastic blocks being significantly lighter than silicon glass pane glass blocks is far outweighed by the disadvantage of the risk of scratching the surfaces. , whereby the value of use, in particular use as an exterior pane, is significantly reduced, in the combination of relatively thick glass and plastic panes for armor-glass blocks, whereby the glass panes sit on the outer surface, due to various expansion coefficients for glass and plastics so far have no practical application, since there is thus no assurance of the durability and value of use, in particular by solar irradiation, as are inevitably external windows.

French patent specification 732.405 already discloses a bulletproof double-glazed pane of the kind mentioned at the outset, in which the outer pane arranged on the firing side consists of an armored glass pane of the similar type, while the laminate pane placed at a distance from the rear merely serves to protect the people in the room behind the window from splinters. A disadvantage of this known double glazing pane is that, due to the necessity of using an armor glass block as the outer pane, significant weight problems still exist, the cost of manufacture of which is also high. A further disadvantage is that, due to the use of a single-paned glass pane as an exterior pane, the pane is relatively thick, which makes it difficult to significantly incorporate current frame profiles in building windows or the like.

The same is true of the bulletproof and laminate glazing combination of bulletproof multiple double glazing according to French Patent Specification736,893. German Patent Specification 2,061,569 discloses a bullet-proof system, in which a laminate safety glass pane and spaced behind it a pane of impact-resistant plastic, and again at a distance behind this silicate glass pane. This bulletproof multi-glazed window is only safe against gunshots and also has the disadvantage that due to the required thickness it is difficult to use the window in ordinary frame profiles for exterior panes. Due to the necessity of using a thick, plastic sheet inside the pane, the cost of manufacture is also very high. This also applies to the pane design according to German published patent application 1,802,230.

The object of the invention is to provide a resistance-resistant multiple double glazing of the type initially introduced, which has improved penetration inhibition, both against gunshots and guns, and which can be manufactured at relatively low cost and suitable for use as external windows. in particular where it is possible to use conventional frame profiles and, where appropriate, to apply heat-reflective coatings or the like. In particular, in a further embodiment of the invention, a double glazing pane of the aforementioned type must also be provided, whereby multiple shots ensure a higher bullet safety.

According to the invention, the task stated above is solved by means of the peculiarities set out in the characterizing claim.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are apparent from the dependent claims. A particularly advantageous embodiment consists in that the laminate safety pane contains at least three single panes, whereby the thickness of the individual laminate foils increases incrementally from the pane space to the inner pane, ie, matured inner space where the exposed persons reside. In this way, the laminate safety pane is thus doubly designed asymmetrical, in particular the thickness of the single pane decreases and the thickness of the laminate sheets increases in direction from the pane space. Surprisingly, it has been found that a particularly good security can be achieved by shooting.

It is quite surprising that the use of the bulletproof double glazing according to the invention, in which characteristically a monolithic, thick glass pane is arranged on the firing side, makes it possible to obtain excellent safety values both for guns and for guns. , in which extensive shelling tests have shown that by adjusting the thickness of the outer pane and accordingly the glazing gap, the impact energy of the projectile can be reduced so much that the underlying laminate safety glass can absorb it without being pushed through. Of particular importance here is that the bulletproof double pane according to the invention is made up of elements that have already proven for decades their value for use as panes. The double glazing according to the invention enables the wood to be substantially lower in weight than with classic armor blocks, or even better bulletproof properties can be obtained. The production cost of the pane is small, while the thickness hardly differs from the thickness of double glazed windows, so that the pane can easily be used as an exterior pane. At the same time, it is of particular importance that on the inside of the monolithic pane, ie the first pane, a heat-reflective coating of known kind can easily be applied, whereby the pane according to the invention acts as a regular insulating glass pane.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, as is apparent from claim 17 and the subsequent dependent claims, provides particularly high security against multiple hits. It has been found that with these measures, which, on the facing surface of the monolithic pane facing a shutter, is placed very thin, with the outer pane in the form of a laminate safety pane adhered to the retaining window, the cone-shaped break as well as the dissolution or evaporation of the project by atomizing the glass cone broken from the monolithic outer pane, while at the same time the retaining window located on the shading side has the effect of preventing a collapse of the outer pane at the first or one of the first of several hits. The exterior pane therefore remains fully effective, even with long-range fire or at all with multiple shots.

In contrast to the present invention, DE-OS 21 25 693 discloses the use of armor glass, where not only, as is characteristic of the invention, the thickness of the single glazing which constitutes the laminate safety pane, seen from the shelling side, is gradually reduced from glazing compartment for the inside window facing away from the firing side, but also several laminate security windows are combined into an armor glass pane. Shielding values which are intended to be achieved according to the invention can be achieved as little as the co-safety glass pane according to DE-OS 21 15 362, where three silicate glass panes of equal thickness every 6 - 10 mm, seen from the shading surface, are interconnected by means of laminate foils whose thickness increases from protection. the interior side of the room. Neither of the two aforementioned prints contains a reference to the basic idea of the invention, namely, in combination with a silicate glass exterior pane of the initially mentioned kind, to provide a laminate security pane whose single pane decreases in stepwise thickness from the padding cavity towards the side facing away from the sliding side. inner pane, let alone where the thickness of the individual laminate sheets increases incrementally within this laminate security pane from the pane space to the pane.

In the following, exemplary embodiments of the invention are described by means of the drawings in detail. In the drawing, FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a bulletproof double glazing pane according to the invention, seen in a section perpendicular to the pane plane; FIG. 2-5 different stages of the one shown in FIG. Fig. 1 shows the operation of the panes shown in shelling; 6 shows another embodiment of a bulletproof double glazed window according to the invention; FIG. 7 is a third sectional view, and FIG. 8 shows a fourth embodiment of a bullet-proof penetration-retardant, multiple double glazing according to the invention, also in section.

The FIG. 1-5, a double glazing pane according to the invention has an outer pane 10 arranged on the shear side, which is formed as a monolithic silicate glass pane with a thickness of 8-20 mm. After the outer pane 10, on the side facing away from the firing side (in Figures 1-5, the firing takes place all the time from the left), a pane space 12, the thickness of which is perpendicular to the pane plane, ie measured in the drawing plane in Figs. 1-5, is at least 2/3 of the thickness of the outer pane 10 and preferably is equal to this thickness. Adjacent to the window gap 12 is a laminate security pane as a whole 14, wherein the outer pane 10 and the laminate security pane 14 are of course known connected to their edge by a suitable rim profile or the like. The laminate safety pane 14 consists of the one shown in FIG. 1-5 shown examples of three single-silicate glass panes, of which the inner pane 16 facing away from the shooting side has a thickness of 3 mm, the middle single pane a thickness of 4 mm and the single pane 20 facing the pane space 12 a thickness of 5 mm. . The single pane 20 is adhered to the middle single pane 18 by means of a polyvinyl butyral laminate foil 22, the thickness of which shown in the illustrated embodiment is 0.76 mm, while the laminate foil 24 connecting the inner pane 16 to the middle single pane 18 is 1.14 mm. thick.

Characteristic of the double-glazed pane of the invention described above is partly that the laminate safety pane 14 has a distance from the outer pane 10, which is substantially equal to the thickness of the outer pane, but at least equal to 2/3 of its thickness, and partly that the laminate safety pane 14 is asymmetrical. such that the thickness of the single pane 20, 18, 16 of the laminate safety pane decreases from the pane space 12 to the pane facing away from the shading side, while the thickness of the laminate sheets. 22, 24 increases in the same direction.

Of course, the single panes 16, 18 of the laminate safety pane 14 can also be replaced with plastic panes of known kind, but the essentials are that the single pane 20 is a silicate glass pane with a thickness of at least 5 mm. It is certain that in this case it is also possible to reduce the thickness of all the laminate sheets in the laminate safety pane to less than 1 mm. If the panes 16, 18, 20 are all made of silicate glass, as is the case in FIG. 1-5, the panes 16, 18 or, optionally, the pane 16 may consist of chemically prestressed glass, however it is essential that the pane 20 is always made of non-prestressed glass. The purpose of this device is explained in more detail below.

The FIG. 6 shows the embodiment of the uncertain double glazing according to the invention differs from that of FIG. 1-5 showed, in the first row, that on the inner surface facing the pane space 12 of the monolithic silicate glass pane 10 a heat-reflective coating 26. An alarm device may also be arranged on this surface in addition to the heat-reflecting coating 26. in the form of alarm wires or the like, to ensure an automatic alarm triggering when shooting. The front window possible application of a heat-reflective coating may also include the outer pane 10 of fire protection glass.

Further, the laminate security pane 14 at the end of FIG. 6 shows only two single panes 20/16 of which the single pan 20 facing the glazing compartment 12 has a thickness of 5 mm, while the single pan 16 associated with a laminate foil 24 having a thickness of 3 mm has a thickness of 3 mm. . At a distance in front of the laminate security pane 14, a side facing away from the firing side to provide a further air-filled pane space 28 is arranged as a whole with 30 designated splinter catch panes, consisting of two single glazing panes 32/34, each with a thickness of 3 mm, which are adhered to with each other by means of a polyvinylbutyral foil 36 having a thickness of 0.38 mm. Advantageously, the single pane 34 of the splint catch pane 30, which faces the interior of the bulletproof double glazed pane, may be made of chemically prestressed glass to increase the elasticity. The thickness of the pane space 28 is otherwise chosen such that a free bulge of the laminate safety pane 14 by firing on the following with reference to FIG. 2-5 described is not hindered.

The operation of the double glazing pane of the invention as shown in FIG. 1-6 is shown in a view of FIG. 2-5.

FIG. 2 shows how, from the left, a projectile 38 fired from a gun or rifle flies toward the outer pane 10. The projectile 38 strikes thick, monolithic silicate glass pane 10 in an area corresponding to the diameter of the projectile caliber, whereby the projectile's total kinetic energy remains. Thereby, as schematically shown in FIG. 3, a cone-shaped glass piece 40 from the outer pane 10, which glass then frames against the pane space 12 facing single pane 20 in the laminate security pane 14, which is essential that the surface with which the glass piece 40 strikes the single pane 20 is substantially larger than the projectile. 38 of the impact surface of the pane 10 so that the load per the area unit of the laminate safety pane14, compared with the load of the outer pane 10 from the projectile 38, is greatly degraded. For example. For example, the impact surface of the exterior pane 10 using a 2-gauge shot projectile is 7.62 mm (Nat. rifle) 45.6 mm, while the direct impacted surface 2 of the laminate safety pane 14 is 10,381 mm corresponding to a measured diameter of 115 mm, whereby an increase of the load surface of 228 times appears. The size of the loading surface of the laminate safety pane 14 can be varied by changing the thickness of the outer pane 10 as well as the pane gap 12, depending on the desired coefficient of safety and the type of projectile expected.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the cone-shaped glass piece 40 projected away from the glass pane 10 is extensively shattered and disintegrated into glass dust on the single pane 20 of the laminate safety pane 14, destroying the projectile energy in the pane space 12. Thus, the projectile also disintegrates into its constituents. shown in Fig. 4, whereby the lead, of which the projectile usually consists at least in part, is partially evaporated.

The further degradation of the projectile energy is shown in a comparison of FIG. 4 and 5, which show that the laminate safety pane 14, further disintegrating the single pane 20 facing the paneer space 12, vaulted inwardly against the inner space covered by the bulletproof double glazed pane. As shown in Fig. 5, the projectile remains as well as that from the crushing of the cone-shaped glass piece 40 and of the corresponding area of the single-pane glass dust are collected in the vicinity of the lower frame profile 15.

It should be further noted that the outer pane 10 at the end of FIG. 1-5 embodiment may be e.g. 8, 12 or 20 mm thick depending on the desired coefficient of safety and the expected shelling. Accordingly, the air gap 12 has a thickness of 8 - 20 mm, however, the pane spacing between the outer pane 10 and the laminate safety pane 14 is never less than 2/3 of the thickness of the outer pane 10 in order to obtain a sufficient space for a "free" disintegration of the glass piece 40, which must travel a certain path from the outer pane 10 to the laminate safety pane 14 of the laminate safety pane 14.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, of course, the destruction of the projectile energy takes place in the same way as described above, whereby it should be noted that the splinters that arise in the bulge of the laminate pane 14 are kept away from the persons in the interior by means of the splint catch pane 30. Instead of the splint catch pane 30 may also be adhered to single splinter catch film on the outer surface facing the inner space of the interior pane 16 at the end of FIG. 1-5. However, such a splint wrapping film is not shown.

Shooting tests have shown that double-glazed panes of the type shown in the drawing, when fired from the left side, ie against the outer pane 10, are firearm-proof, both by the use of rifles and by guns. Naturally, the thickness of the single glazing is selected accordingly. If, at the same caliber of caliber, a particular pane is used in such a way that firing guns against the side formed by the laminate safety pane 14, a smooth shot is observed.

This effect, which is due to the use of the monolithic thick outer pane 10, the adjustment of the thickness of the pane space 12 to the thickness of the pane and the asymmetrical structure of the laminate safety pane 14, is surprisingly complete.

An advantage of the pane according to the invention, which is, after all, only bulletproof fryer side, albeit to a surprisingly high degree, consists in that e.g. an armed treasurer himself can shoot outward from a treasure chest of the invention according to the invention, without being exposed to shelling from it himself.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the bulletproof double glazing pane comprises an outer pane 10 arranged on the shading side which is formed as monolithic silicate glass pane having a thickness of 6 to 20 mm. At the end of the glazing pane 10 there is a pane 12 facing away from the shelling side (in the drawing, from the left side), the thickness of which is perpendicular to the pane, ie measured in the plane of the drawing, at least 2/3 of the thickness of the outer pane 10, preferably equal to the thickness. of the outer pane 10. A connection to the pane space 12 is provided as a whole with 14 designated laminate security pane, wherein the outer pane 10 and the laminate security pane 14 are normally connected to its edge by a suitable edge profile or the like. In the illustrated embodiment, the laminate security pane consists of three single silicate glass panes, of which the inner pane 16 facing away from the shooting side has a thickness of 3 mm, the middle single pane 18 a thickness of 4 mm and the single pane facing the pane 12. a thickness of 5 mm. The single pane 20 is glued to the middle single pane 18 by means of a laminate foil 24 having a thickness of 1.14 mm. Thus, the non-laminate pane 14 is spaced from the outer pane 10, which is substantially equal to the thickness of the outer pane 10 but at least equal to 2/3 the thickness of the laminate, while the laminate safety pane 14 is asymmetrically constructed in such a way that the thickness of the single pane 20, 18, 16 in laminate safety pane from the pane space 12 to the exterior surface facing away from the shear side, while the thickness of the laminate pane 22, 24 increases in co-direction. In addition to the window structure described above, as also realized by the bulletproof double glazing pane of FIG. 1-6, the outer pane 10 at the end of FIG. 7 illustrates the exemplary double glazing pane according to the invention on the shading side of the drawing on the left very thin holder pane 42, which in the illustrated example consists of silicate glass, which is adhered to the monolithic outer pane 10 in the form of a laminate security pane 44. The laminate foil 44 may consist of common material, e.g. a polyvinyl butyral foil having a thickness of 0.38 mm or of a corresponding PVC laminate foil. Since the laminate foil 28, in contrast to the laminate foils 22, 24 in the rear laminate safety pane 14, as in the FIG. 1-6 embodiments are essential for the capture of the projectile in the manner described, only for the purpose of adhering to the thin holder pane 26, which may be a silicate glass pane having a thickness of e.g. between 1 and 4 mm, where the selected thickness is generally technically determined, with the outer pane 10, the foil can also be replaced with a layer of another adhesive, e.g. a moldable plastic mass. Essentially, the retaining pane 26, which may also consist of plastic, although this is obviously not advisable on exterior windows in buildings due to the greater climatic sensitivity of the plastics, is so firmly connected to the median pane 10 that the retaining pane, even with the impact of several hiters retaining defective - ie by breaking out cone-shaped glass pieces as a result of impacting a projectile in the manner described - not "consuming" parts of the pane 16 so that, with the impact of additional projectiles, it remains effective in the desired manner.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is an intrusion-resistant multiple glazing in which a laminate security pane is arranged on both sides of the window space 12. The laminate safety pane 14, which is disposed on the side space 12 away from the possible use of violence, consists of a silicate glass pane 20 with a thickness of 8 mm, a PVB layer 22 with a thickness of 4.3 mm and a silicate glass pane 16 with a thickness of 2 mm. . The window pane device disposed on the opposite side of the window spacing 12 consists of a silicate glass pane 10 with a thickness of 8 mm, a PVB layer 44 with a thickness of 2.5 mm and a silicate glass pane 42 with a thickness of 2 mm. This exemplary embodiment, when using the laminate security pane facing the possible violence effect, provides a particularly good protection against attack attempts with burglary tools, especially impact tools.

Claims (26)

1. Bulletproof double glazing pane with an outer pane positioned on the shading side and a laminate safety pane located at a distance behind it, a glass single glazing facing the pane space and one or more additional single glazing, all of which of the single glazing in the laminate safety pane are adhered to the laminate foil, (10) for a double glazing suitable for frame profiles of conventional construction, a monolithic silicate glass pane having a thickness of 6 to 20 mm, that the distance between the laminate safety pane (14) and the outer pane (10) is at least 2/3 of the thickness of the outer pane (10), the silicate glass single glazing (20) facing the pane space (12) of the laminate safety pane (14) has a thickness of at least 5 mm, that the thickness of the single glazing (20, 18, 16) forming the laminate safety pane (14) decreases stepwise in the direction from the pane (12) to the inner side (16) facing away from the shutter side, and that the thickness of at least one of the laminate sheets in laminate safety the oak pane, preferably the laminate foil (24) abutting the inner pane (16), is at least 1 mm. Double glazing pane according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the pane space (12) is equal to the thickness of the first pane (10). Double glazing pane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that all single panes (16, 18, 20) of the laminate safety pane (14) are silicate glass panes. Double glazing pane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the laminate safety bar (14) has at least one plastic single pane. Double glazing pane according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the laminate security pane (14) contains at least three single pane (16,18, 20) and the thickness of the individual laminate sheets (22, 24) increases stepwise from the pane space (12). ) to the inner pane (16). Double glazing pane according to claim 5, characterized in that the laminate safety pane (14), viewed from the pane space (12), consists successively of a 5 mm thick silicate glass pane (20), a 0.76 mm thick laminate foil (22). 4 mm thick silicate glass pane (18), and 1.4 mm thick laminate foil (24) and 3 mm thick silicate glass inner pane (16). Double glazing pane according to claim 6, characterized in that the thickness of the outer pane (10) and of the pane space (12) for each petition is 8 mm. Double glazing pane according to claim 6, characterized in that the thickness of the outer pane (10) and of the glazing counter space (12) for each is 10 mm. Double glazing pane according to claim 6, characterized in that the thickness of the outer pane (10) and of the window spacing (12) for each petition is 20 mm. Double glazing pane according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least the inner pane (16) facing away from the firing side in the laminate safety pane (14) consists of chemically prestressed silicate glass. Double glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the laminate foil or laminate foils (22, 24) of the laminate non-glazing pane (14) consist of polyvinyl butyral. Double glazing pane according to any one of claims 1 - 11, characterized in that on the side facing away from the shelling, the laminate safety pane (14) is arranged at a distance which allows a bulge of the laminate security pane (14). ) by shelling. Double glazing pane according to claim 12, characterized in that the splint catch pane (30) is designed as a laminate safety glass pane. Double glazing pane according to claim 13, characterized in that the split laminate pane (30) formed by the laminate safety glass pane consists of two adhesives of a plastic laminate foil (36) adhered to each other with silicate glass pane (32, 34). Double glazing pane according to Claim 14, characterized in that the at least one of the silicate glass panes (32, 34) in the split pane window (30) is chemically cured. Double glazing pane according to any one of claims 1 - 11, characterized by a splint foil which is adhered to the outer surface of the inner pane (16) facing away from the pane (12) in the laminate security pane (14). Double glazing pane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the exterior side of the monolithic outer pane (10) facing the shading side (10) is provided a one with this glued holding window (42) with a thickness of not more than 4 mm. Double glazing pane according to claim 17, characterized in that the thickness of the holding pane (42) is 1.5-3 mm. Double glazing pane according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the atholder pane (42) consists of silicate glass. Double glass pane according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the atholder pane (42) consists of plastic material. Double glazing pane according to any one of claims 17-20, characterized in that the retaining pane (42) is adhered to the outer pane (10) by means of a plastic laminate foil (44). Double glazing pane according to claim 21, characterized in that the thickness of the laminate foil (44) is less than 0.4 mm. Double glazing according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the laminate foil (44) consists of polyvinyl butyral. Double glazing pane according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the laminate foil (44) consists of PVC. Double glazing according to claim 24, characterized in that the laminate foil (44) consists of a copolymer of vinyl chloride and glycidyl methacrylate. Double glazing pane according to any one of claims 17 - 20, characterized in that the holding pane (42) is adhered to the outer pane (10) by means of a moldable plastic material.