EP4053491A1 - Ballistic block for ballistic resistant glazing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ballistic block (10), in particular for bullet-resistant glazing (100) or as bullet-resistant glazing (100), the ballistic block (10) having at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) which have a Intermediate layer (19) are connected to each other, wherein the ballistic block (10) is made without an energy-absorbing layer or film made of polycarbonate, and wherein the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) and in particular all transparent panes ( 11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) are each panes of toughened glass.

Description

The invention relates to bulletproof glazing. In particular, the invention relates to a ballistic block for bulletproof glazing or as bulletproof glazing, in particular in the form of transparent, shatterproof and bulletproof glazing, and its use.

It is known that wall constructions, for example building facades, can be designed to be bullet-resistant in the case of objects at risk of security. If such facade or wall constructions are to be designed to be transparent, bullet-resistant glass elements are arranged. In view of the high demands on thermal insulation, bullet-resistant insulating glass elements are generally used.

For example, from the publication DE 2 901 951 A1 such a bullet-resistant insulating glass element is known. The insulating glass level is formed by two individual panes spaced apart by a spacer. The resulting air gap ensures the desired improved thermal insulation.

The bullet-proof glass level is formed by further individual panes which are arranged on the individual panes and are glued to one another. This creates so-called laminated glass packages, which are made up of several individual panes arranged one behind the other, which are connected to one another by foils or cast resin on their mutually touching surfaces.

For manufacturing reasons, however, the dimensions of the bulletproof insulating glass elements are limited. In the case of facade or wall constructions, a large number of individual bulletproof insulating glass elements are therefore required, which must be arranged at a distance from one another in order to be able to arrange the elements that ultimately form the frame, in order to then enable the edges to be clamped by individual insulating glass elements.

However, this approach has several disadvantages. If, for example, there is an inclined fire in the edge area of the bullet-resistant insulating glass element, in which case the trajectory of the bullet in the bullet-resistant insulating glass element, i.e. to its main plane, runs at an angle, the projectiles can exit in the edge area of the insulating glass elements. After that, the projectiles only have to penetrate the designated elements of the façade construction in order to reach the area to be protected.

The elements of the facade that hold the bulletproof insulating glass elements are generally composite profile arrangements, in particular in the form of hollow chamber profiles made of aluminum, which do not have a sufficient bulletproof effect. Since the projectiles only have to penetrate a part of the individual panes of the laminated glass package when fired at an angle, this poses a risk to the area to be protected.

In order to avoid this disadvantage, it is known to provide steel inserts on the elements of the facade in the area between adjacent insulating glass elements. In individual cases, several such steel inserts must be provided, which can be arranged, for example, in cavities of corresponding hollow chamber profiles.

However, the arrangement of such steel inserts is extremely labor-intensive, since a number of additional work steps are required in the production of corresponding facade structures. For example, the steel inserts have to be deflected according to the length of the facade construction elements to be protected and inserted, secured and fastened in places that are usually difficult to access. Sometimes additional steel corner pieces have to be taken into account in the area of corner connections, which are also intended to protect the facade construction against bullets in its corner areas.

Another problem with such steel inserts is the interruption of the desired poor heat transfer in the corresponding areas of the facade. It may therefore be necessary to arrange additional insulating inserts, which in turn cause additional costs due to manufacture and, above all, due to assembly.

Instead of using steel inserts, it would be conceivable - at least theoretically - to increase the dimensions of the bulletproof insulating glass elements. However, as already indicated, the dimensions are limited in particular for manufacturing reasons. In particular, for technical reasons, only bulletproof or bulletproof glazing with relatively small dimensions can currently be realized, since the polycarbonate plates or shatter protection films usually applied limit the dimensions that can be realized. Larger formats cannot be realized in particular because then the static requirements can no longer be realized. This is due in particular to the fact that laminate films for polycarbonate can no longer transfer the load from a size of around 10 m ² .

In addition, although the proportion of polycarbonate in the bullet-proof or bullet-resistant glazing would have a positive effect on bullet resistance, there are negative consequences for fire behavior if the proportion of plastic or polycarbonate reaches a certain mass.

Bulletproof glass without splintering of the classes BR1-NS to BR7-NS according to EN 1063 is currently based primarily on an inner layer of either polycarbonate or a tear-resistant clear film. These inner layers have the disadvantage of not being as scratch resistant as glass and they are limited in manufacturing size. The function of the glasses is also limited by the use of lamination films specifically required to bond polycarbonate to glass. Also, no sun protection layers are possible for insulating glass production.

With the present invention, these disadvantages are to be eliminated.

The "core" of the invention is to be seen in particular in the use of a ballistic block, in particular of monolithic construction, as bullet-resistant glazing, i.e. without further glazing in front of or behind the ballistic block, the ballistic block consisting of a large number of sandwiched glass panes made of toughened glass (Partially toughened or fully toughened glass), which are connected to each other via a high-strength ionoplast layer. With this structure, a statically self-supporting glazing is created - due to the glass panes made of toughened glass on the one hand and due to the high-strength ionoplast connection on the other. This glazing can therefore be used without a frame, for example as a partition wall. To this end, it is advantageous that the ballistic block has a symmetrical structure, in particular, so that both side surfaces of the ballistic block act as the "attack side" in terms of the certification of bullet-resistant glazing.

In particular, the ballistic block has more than five, and in particular more than six, TVG discs, each with a thickness of at least 5 mm and at least 10 mm, which have ionoplast foils with a thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.9 mm each assembled into a laminated glass block.

As an alternative to a ballistic in a monolithic construction, it is also conceivable that the ballistic block can have at least one further pane, which is connected to the ballistic block via a spacer, forming a space between the panes. In this configuration, the ballistic block can be made thinner overall—for example, with only three TVG disks, each with a thickness of at least 5 mm and at least 10 mm. Possible splinters from the outer transparent panes of the ballistic block, which are made of toughened glass, are caught in the space between the panes, ie in the cavity between the ballistic block and the at least one other pane.

On the basis of this problem, the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying bullet-resistant glazing with which dimensions can also be realized that are significantly larger than the currently achievable dimensions, while at the same time splinter release should be effectively prevented when the glazing is shot at, and where, moreover, Bullet-resistant glazing meets the conditions specified in the EN 1063 standard (status of the standard: filing date) for classification BR1-NS to BR7-NS.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the subject matter of independent patent claim 1, advantageous developments of the ballistic block mentioned in independent patent claim 1 being specified in the subclaims.

Accordingly, the present invention relates in particular to a ballistic block, in particular for bullet-resistant glazing or as bullet-resistant glazing, the ballistic block having at least two transparent panes which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer, the ballistic block being constructed without an energy-absorbing layer or film made of polycarbonate and wherein the at least two transparent panes, and in particular all of the transparent panes, of the ballistic block are each panes of toughened glass.

According to embodiments of the ballistic block, the panes of the ballistic block are tempered glass panes or heat-strengthened glass panes.

According to embodiments of the ballistic block, the intermediate layer between the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block is formed at least partially or in regions from an ionoplast polymer. In particular, the intermediate layer between the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block is an SGP foil, preferably with a maximum total nominal thickness of 0.9 mm.

According to embodiments of the ballistic block, the at least two transparent panes are combined with the help of the intermediate layer to form a statically self-supporting unit such that the ballistic block only has to be held on one side or at most only on two sides when installed.

According to embodiments of the ballistic block, the ballistic block has a symmetrical and in particular a symmetrical and monolithic structure. This means that no attack side has to be named for the certification. The ballistic block is particularly suitable as a free-standing partition wall, for example at airports. It is important here that the ballistic block has bullet-resistant properties on both sides.

The self-supporting property of bulletproof glazing is achieved through the use of glass panes made of toughened glass, in particular TVG panes, in combination with high-strength ionoplast films as intermediate layers. The glazing therefore does not require a support frame etc. This is unique so far, since conventional bullet-resistant glazing is nothing more than frame-supported ballistic filling elements, whereby the supporting frame must also be designed to be bulletproof.

According to a further aspect, the present invention relates in particular to bulletproof glazing with a ballistic block made of at least two transparent panes which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer. In addition to the ballistic block, the bullet-resistant glazing has at least one further transparent pane, which is arranged parallel to the panes of the ballistic block and at a distance from them and is connected to the ballistic block via a circumferential spacer in such a way that between the ballistic block and the at least one another disk a cavity is formed.

According to the invention, it is provided in particular that the bullet-resistant glazing and in particular the ballistic block of the bullet-resistant glazing are designed without an energy-absorbing layer or film made of polycarbonate.

According to the invention, the ballistic block in particular is designed to be statically self-supporting. This statically self-supporting property of the ballistic block is achieved by forming the interlayer between the transparent panes of the ballistic block from a material that has high strength compared to polycarbonate. In particular, however, the statically self-supporting property of the ballistic block is achieved in that the transparent panes of the ballistic block do not consist of float glass as in the prior art, but consist of toughened glass. As a result, the statically self-supporting property of the ballistic block can be achieved.

The term "statically self-supporting" is to be understood in the construction industry as a structure that takes on the supporting function. There is no separation between purely bending/torsion or shear loaded components and parts. Rather, all parts act statically as shells and absorb the forces introduced in their entirety. Also, no frame structures etc. are required to support the ballistic block or the glass panes of the ballistic block, since the ballistic block as such is statically self-supporting.

The rigidity necessary to make the ballistic block in particular statically self-supporting can only be achieved by using toughened glass for the glass panes of the ballistic block. It has been shown here that a ballistic block made of float glass does not have any self-supporting properties in the static sense.

The at least one further transparent pane of the bullet-resistant glazing is preferably, and in particular all further transparent panes of the bullet-resistant glazing are also panes made of toughened glass. This measure ensures that the entire bullet-resistant glazing is statically self-supporting together with excellent residual load-bearing capacity in the event of damage.

The term “tempered glass” used here is basically to be understood as meaning glass whose flexural strength is at least 70 N/mm ² . The toughened glass can be thermally toughened glass, for example. During thermal toughening, the glass is heated homogeneously, ie constant across the cross-section, to a temperature that is around 100 °C above the transformation temperature (approx. 620 °C to 670 °C). The glass pane is then rapidly cooled from the surfaces and placed in a state of internal stress.

Cooling is usually done by blowing air on it. At the beginning of the cooling process, the stress is constant over the entire cross-section. Then the cooling of the surface begins, which contracts in the process. This is prevented by the core which has not yet cooled down. This creates a brief tensile stress on the surface and compressive stress in the core. At this point, however, the stresses only reach low values, since they are quickly reduced again by the high viscosity of the hot glass material.

In the final phase of cooling, the glass has approximately the properties of an elastic body. The temperature distribution is parabolic and the core is warmer than the surface. In order to reach the final state, the core must therefore cool down by a greater amount than the surface. The core thus generates compressive stresses on the surface in the already "solid" glass. Tensile stresses arise in the core itself for reasons of equilibrium. The viscoelastic material behavior of the glass is decisive for the development of permanent stresses (= internal stresses). This should be illustrated by comparing the material behavior when the surfaces of an elastic body cool down with those of a viscoelastic body.

Float glass is preferably used as the base product for thermal toughening in particular.

The toughened glass panes are either fully toughened glass panes or partially toughened glass panes (TVG).

In addition to thermal toughening, chemical toughening is also possible. In this case, a bias voltage is achieved through ion exchange processes on the surface. The prestress can reach very high values and thus makes chemically prestressed glass interesting for the use of bulletproof glazing. In particular, values of the order of 150 N/mm ² can be achieved with regard to the flexural strength for chemically toughened glasses.

In order to increase the residual load-bearing capacity of the bullet-resistant glazing and in particular of the ballistic block of the bullet-resistant glazing, an SGP film in particular is selected for the intermediate layer between the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block. This is an ionoplast film consisting of semi-crystalline thermoplastics. An SGP film as an intermediate layer has a high degree of rigidity at room temperature compared to PVB films, for example. The time and temperature dependent thrust modes of the SGP interlayer differ significantly from those of PVB. SGP proves to be significantly more shear and bending resistant in the temperature ranges used in construction. This can be attributed to the higher glass transition temperature of around 55 °C compared to PVB. In most practical construction applications, the component temperature is below this glass transition temperature.

The glazing according to the invention with partially toughened glass is certified according to EN 1063 in all relevant bullet resistance classes up to BR7-NS. This represents a special feature that can only result from the special structure in the combination of glazing. All hitherto known bulletproof glasses are made of non-tempered float glass (window glass) and are certified. The float glass has advantages in terms of bullet resistance, but major disadvantages for a loadable, statically verifiable load-bearing structure that can be realized with the bulletproof glazing according to the invention.

Another decisive difference to existing bullet-resistant glazing is also the passed bulletproof classification of curved glasses according to DIN EN 1063. This is achievable because the glazing according to the invention is made up of toughened glass panes.

The invention thus also relates in particular to glazing, the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block and/or the at least one further transparent pane being a curved glass pane with a predetermined or definable bending radius. The bent glasses are manufactured industrially by automatic bending machines (so-called tempering bending furnaces). In particular, the glass panes are not individually formed in the so-called gravity bending process, since this would be relatively expensive and, in particular, because this contradicts the actual idea of the invention, because the invention deliberately only works with toughened glass.

For reasons of fire protection, the SGP foil used as an intermediate layer between the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block preferably has a maximum total nominal thickness of 0.9 mm.

According to embodiments of the bullet-resistant glazing, it is further provided that the intermediate layer between the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block is formed from a material which is opposite Polycarbonate is high strength. Of course, however, this aspect is not to be regarded as limiting.

In particular, in the case of bullet-resistant glazing, it is provided that the intermediate layer, via which the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block are connected to one another, comprises a transparent and in particular polycarbonate-free and/or polymethyl methacrylate-free intermediate layer which, compared to a polycarbonate material, protects the panes strongly connected to each other.

The advantages that can be achieved with the solution according to the invention are obvious. Due to the fact that the bullet-resistant glazing has a ballistic block and at least one additional transparent pane, which is arranged at a distance from the ballistic block, there is bulletproof double-shell insulating glazing which, due to the air gap between the ballistic block on the one hand and the at least one additional transparent pane on the other hand provides good thermal insulation.

On the other hand, the selected multilayer glazing proves to be very effective in terms of its bulletproof and bulletproof properties. The ballistic block arranged on the side facing the fire essentially prevents a bullet from being shot through, while the at least one other pane arranged at a distance from the ballistic block on the side facing away from the fire side has the task of removing any fragments that may be detached on the back of the ballistic block when fired on to intercept.

Due to the fact that the ballistic block of the glazing according to the invention has a large number of transparent panes which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer, with the ballistic block itself taking on the function of energy absorption, it is possible to attach any energy-absorbing films or plates, in particular to a particular one potential direction of fire opposite surface of the disks of the ballistic block.

In addition, this approach makes it possible to connect the discs of the ballistic block with the help of an interlayer, so that the ballistic block can also be a resilient, load-bearing structure, especially with sizes over 15 m ² forms. The intermediate layer is in particular transparent and formed primarily from a polycarbonate-free and/or polymethyl methacrylate-free material.

With this measure, the limited manufacturing size of conventional anti-shatter films known from the prior art is eliminated. In this respect, sizes for the bullet-resistant glazing in the range of, for example, 20 m×3.5 m (or larger) are also conceivable. In particular, a bulletproof effect can be achieved overall without the loss of fragments, without the bulletproof glazing and in particular the ballistic block of the bulletproof glazing having an energy-absorbing layer or film made of polycarbonate.

It is particularly preferred in this context that the intermediate layer or intermediate layers of the ballistic block is formed at least partially or in regions from an ionoplast polymer or a material with similar material properties, such as high-strength polyvinyl butyral (PVB).

In this context, a two-component and in particular crystal-clear silicone is particularly suitable as the material for the intermediate layer or intermediate layers of the ballistic block. Such a two-component silicone material is also particularly advantageous with regard to fire behavior, since it cannot be ignited, or can only be ignited with difficulty. According to embodiments of this aspect, a reactive and preferably crystal-clear silicone material is used in particular, which reacts to completion above a critical temperature that can be defined in advance. Such a silicone material can then be cast or otherwise introduced into a space between two panes of the ballistic block in the cooled state, i.e. in a state below the critical curing temperature.

Compared to conventional PVB foils or PVB sheets or conventional polycarbonate sheets, which are applied to an outer surface of the panes as an energy-absorbing structure, interlayers made of high-strength polyvinyl butyral or a two-component silicone material or an ionoplast interlayer are significantly tougher and stiffer, so that the ballistic block does not become unstable even with a greater weight (ie with larger dimensions), but remains statically self-supporting overall.

In addition, it has been shown that bullet-resistant laminated glass, in which a polycarbonate film is used as a ductile, energy-absorbing plastic outer layer, can form cracks in the layer depending on the temperature due to the properties of the polycarbonate layer, which have a negative effect on the overall appearance and affect the safety of the laminated safety glass.

Because, according to the invention, an intermediate layer made of ionoplast, for example, is used in the ballistic block of the glazing according to the invention instead of a polycarbonate outer plate, no cracks occur in the ionoplast intermediate layer, even in the event of high temperature fluctuations in outdoor use, since this is significantly stiffer and stronger than polycarbonate is.

In particular, by using a polycarbonate-free ballistic block, and in particular by using an ionoplast interlayer as an energy-absorbing plastic interlayer, glazing dimensions of at least 15 m ² and preferably at least 20 m ² can be realized. This is due in particular to the fact that the high-strength interlayer can reduce the amount of plastic material per unit area, which has a positive effect on the fire behavior of the glazing, and that the ballistic block is statically self-supporting even with an area of more than 15 m ² .

The assessment of the bullet-resistant effect is made according to five bullet classes. In the currently highest bullet resistance class BR7, for example, the bullet test with the G3 NATO rifle is carried out with 7.62 x 51 full metal jacket/hard-core ammunition. In this bullet class, the highest demands are made on bullet resistance.

According to embodiments of the present invention - as seen in the direction of fire - the ballistic block has a thickness which withstands fire from a 7.62 x 51 mm full metal jacket/hard core cartridge according to DIN EN 1063, the thickness of the ballistic block being formed in particular by one appropriate number of transparent panes, each of which is connected to one another via an intermediate layer, and/or through appropriate thicknesses of the transparent panes of the ballistic block.

In order to further optimize the thermal insulation of the bullet-resistant glazing, it can be provided according to embodiments that the cavity between the ballistic block on the one hand and the at least one further transparent pane on the other hand is hermetically sealed and filled with a gas with a low heat transfer coefficient, such as argon and/or krypton. is filled.

In contrast to the ballistic block constructed as a composite, it is not necessary with regard to the at least one further transparent pane spaced apart from the ballistic block to provide this with a high-strength intermediate layer—if laminated glass is again used here. Rather, a laminated glass pane is preferably used as at least one additional pane, which consists of several individual panes which are connected to one another via an elastic, tear-resistant ionoplast film. An SGP film, for example, is used as the ionoplast film.

An intermediate space is provided between the ballistic block on the one hand and the at least one further transparent pane on the other hand, in which space any splinters that may occur during a fire are collected. The clearance also serves to allow the glazing to flex to a limited extent. A distance between the ballistic block and the at least one further pane of 8 mm to 24 mm, preferably 12 mm to 16 mm, has proven to be advantageous.

Values between 13 mm and 60 mm have proven advantageous for the thickness of the ballistic block and values between 9 mm and 21 mm for the thickness of the at least one further pane. Both the highest possible protection and the weight of the entire glazing play a role here.

In embodiments of the double pane glazing according to the invention, this has a total thickness of about 60 mm, with the ballistic block arranged on the firing side having a total thickness of 30 to 40 mm and a total interlayer thickness of 3 to 5 mm.

The air gap between the ballistic block on the one hand and the at least one further transparent pane is preferably 12 to 16 mm, with the at least one further pane facing away from the shelling side, in particular laminated glass pane, having a thickness of 9 to 21 mm. This at least one further pane can consist, for example, of a thin silicate glass pane facing the air gap and a thermally toughened silicate glass pane directed to the outside.

This laminated glass panel is constructed so that the outer thermally toughened glass panel with high flexural strength withstands without breaking the deflection of the destroyed ballistic block front laminated glass panel and the bending stresses imposed on it by the ejected fragments. It is protected against damage to its surface by the splinters that occur and/or by contact with the bulging front panes of the ballistic block by the thin normal glass pane facing the air gap, so that the surface of this tempered glass pane remains undamaged and thus the full high bending strength of the thermal toughened glass pane comes into play.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, the thickness and/or the material of the at least one intermediate layer of the ballistic block and/or the at least one further transparent pane designed as laminated glass is selected in such a way that the calorific value of the material is less than 55 MJ/kg, and preferably less than 50 MJ/kg and more preferably less than 45 MJ/kg.

In this way, the fire protection classification of the glazing can be improved. It makes sense here if the mass distribution of the intermediate layer of the ballistic block and/or the at least one further transparent pane designed as laminated glass is between 0.02 g/m ² and 0.10 g/m ² , preferably between 0.05 g/m 2 m ² and 0.08 g/m ² and in particular 0.07 g/m ² .

Exemplary embodiments of the bullet-resistant glazing according to the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings.

Show it:

FIG. 1

schematically and in a cross-sectional view, a section of an edge region of an exemplary embodiment of the glazing according to the invention;

FIG. 2

schematically and in a cross-sectional view, a further embodiment of the bulletproof glazing according to the invention; and

FIG. 3

schematically and in a cross-sectional view a further embodiment of the bulletproof glazing according to the invention.

According to the current state of the art, bulletproof glazing 100 without fragments according to classes BR1-NS to BR7-NS according to the standard EN 1063 is based primarily on the approach of using tough layers applied to the inside of the glazing 100 to hold back the fragments. These applied layers usually consist of either polycarbonate or a tear-resistant clear anti-shatter film.

Due to their function, these layers, which are always on the innermost side, have the disadvantage that they do not have the scratch resistance that is comparable to glass surfaces. For this reason, laying the splinter protection in the space between the panes does not currently allow for the application of suitable sun protection coatings, which are very often necessary for the correspondingly required building physics values of the glazing 100.

In addition, the currently available shatter protection films or polycarbonate sheets are limited in their production size. From a certain size of insulating glass or corresponding static requirements, the use of TPU composite films required for laminating polycarbonate on glass is no longer sufficient for load transfer. The fire protection classification of this glazing 100 is also very unfavorable due to the large combustible mass of polycarbonate.

These and other disadvantages are eliminated by the glazing 100 according to the invention, in which it is provided in particular that the occurring glass and projectile splinter disposals of the outer unclassified armored glass pane are caught in the form of a ballistic block in the space between the panes of the bullet-resistant glazing 100. The space between the panes is used as a buffer for the pressure wave and the splinters. As a result, the entire glazing 100 designed as an insulating glass unit achieves the necessary classification at the end.

In detail, at the in FIG. 1 Schematically illustrated embodiment of the glazing 100 according to the invention, this is designed as a ballistic block 10 with an outer armored glass pane. For this purpose, the ballistic block 10 has at least two and - as in FIG. 1 indicated - for example, four transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14, which are each connected to one another via an intermediate layer 19.

Parallel to the panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 and spaced from them by a circumferential spacer 21, there is a laminated glass pane 15 with a total of two (additional) transparent panes 15, 16, which are connected to the ballistic block by the spacer 21 in such a way 10 is connected in that a cavity 20 is formed between the ballistic block 10 on the one hand and the laminated glass pane 15 on the other hand.

Accordingly, the bullet-resistant glazing 100 consists of the ballistic block 10 facing the bombardment side, which is designed overall as a laminated glass pane, and the at least one further transparent pane 15, 16 facing away from the bombardment side, which is also designed as a laminated glass pane 15 here.

This at least one further transparent pane 15, 16, designed as a laminated glass pane 15, is combined with the ballistic block 10 and the interposition of an air gap 20 to form double-shell insulating glazing, namely by the ballistic block 10 and the at least one further transparent pane 15, 16 being bonded by adhesive layers are connected to the spacer frame or spacer 21 . The groove formed by the edge regions of the ballistic block 10 and the at least one further transparent pane 15, 16 and the spacer 21/spacer frame are made with a sealing compound.

The ballistic block 10, designed as a laminated glass pane, has in FIG. 1 In the exemplary embodiment shown, there are a total of four glass panes 11, 12, 13, 14, each of which is a silicate glass pane, for example, which is connected to one another with the aid of intermediate layers 19 made of an ionoplast polymer.

The glazing according to the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that the panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 are each panes made of toughened glass. The other transparent panes 16, 17 are preferably also panes made of toughened glass. The transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 and the other transparent panes 16, 17 are combined to form a statically self-supporting unit such that the glazing 100 only has to be held on two sides when installed.

The glass panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 designed as a laminated glass pane can each have the same thickness; However, it would also be conceivable to make the outer glass panes 11, 14 of the ballistic block 10, which is designed as a laminated glass pane, much thinner than the middle glass panes 12, 13 Block 10, for example, at about 8 to 15 mm.

The air gap 20 between the ballistic block 10 and the at least one other laminated glass pane 15 is preferably at least about 12 mm.

The at least one further laminated glass pane 15 comprises the glass pane facing the air gap 20, which can be designed, for example, as a silicate glass pane with a thickness of, for example, approximately 3 mm. This glass pane 17 facing the air gap is connected to an outer glass pane 16 made of thermally toughened silicate glass via an intermediate layer 22, in particular a polyvinyl butyral intermediate layer with a thickness of, for example, 1.5 mm. This outer glass pane 16 of the at least one further laminated glass pane 15 can have the same thickness as the inner glass pane 16.

However, it is also conceivable to choose a greater thickness for the outer glass pane 16, for example a thickness of 6 mm, so that a bending strength of at least 500 kg/cm ² can be achieved.

The glazing 100 according to the invention has a bulletproof effect corresponding to resistance class BR37-NS, with no fragments being released on the side facing away from the bullet.

No classified bulletproof outer pane is required to produce the bullet-resistant glazing 100 , which significantly reduces the overall structure of the glass thickness and thus the weight and the costs of the entire glazing 100 .

This new application also eliminates the previous size limitation, for example due to the availability of polycarbonate plates for bulletproof glasses. Theoretically, sizes of at least 20 m x 3.5 m, for example, are now possible.

In addition, the cleaning of the glass surfaces is possible as with all glass surfaces. In particular, scratching of the polycarbonate or the anti-shatter films does not have to be taken into account.

Furthermore, sun protection and heat protection coatings can be applied to any surface in the cavity 20 of the glazing 100 without any problems.

By using high-strength, permanently load-transmitting composite foils such as ionoplasts in the external ballistic block, these glasses can also be subjected to higher static loads. The main advantage is that the ballistic block is also the structurally resilient outer pane of the insulating glass structure. This is particularly relevant when using insulating glass that is subject to correspondingly high loads (e.g. hurricane loads) or simply oversized. For the inner composite pane, the only task left is to create an insulated space between the panes and to catch the splinters.

None of this is possible if polycarbonate panels or anti-shatter films are used to protect against shattering. Since in a lamination process with corresponding composite films, such as TPU film (thermoplastic polyurethane), high-strength films cannot be combined in the same package at the same time. These high-strength foils, e.g. ionoplast foils, require their own program sequence with e.g. higher temperatures, which would cause the TPU foil to overheat and become unusable.

Ultimately, there is no deterioration in the fire protection classification through the use of standard laminated safety glass composite units.

FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 each show, schematically and in a cross-sectional view, further embodiments of the bulletproof glazing 100 according to the invention FIG. 2 the glazing 100 according to the invention is designed with an outer armored glass pane as a ballistic block 10, the ballistic block 10 here having a total of four transparent panes 11, 12, 13 and 14, which are each connected to one another via an intermediate layer 19.

Parallel to the panes 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the ballistic block 10 and spaced therefrom by a circumferential spacer 21, there is a laminated glass pane 15 with a total of two (additional) transparent panes 15, 16, which are connected to the ballistic block by the spacer 21 in such a way 10 are connected in that a cavity 20 is formed between the ballistic block 10 on the one hand and the laminated glass pane 15 on the other hand.

At the in FIG. 2 Schematically illustrated glazing 100 is provided in particular that it is convexly curved towards the outside.

On the other hand, with the in FIG. 3 Schematically illustrated embodiment provided that the glazing 100 shown there is concave with respect to the outside. Otherwise the in FIG. 3 shown embodiment of the glazing 100 according to the invention in FIG. 2 embodiment shown.

The curved design of the glazing can be realized due to the special structure of the glazing.

Claims (15)

Ballistic block (10), in particular for bullet-resistant glazing (100) or as bullet-resistant glazing (100), the ballistic block (10) having at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) which are connected via an intermediate layer (19) are connected to one another, the ballistic block (10) being constructed without an energy-absorbing layer or film made of polycarbonate, and the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) and in particular all transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) are each panes of toughened glass. Ballistic block (10) according to claim 1,
the panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) being fully toughened glass panes or semi-tempered glass panes. Ballistic block (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate layer (19) between the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) is formed at least partially or in regions from an ionoplast polymer . Ballistic block (10) according to claim 4,
wherein the intermediate layer (19) between the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) is an SGP film, preferably with a maximum total nominal thickness of 0.9 mm. Ballistic block (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) are combined to form a statically self-supporting unit with the aid of the intermediate layer (19) in such a way that the ballistic block (10) only has to be held on one side or at most only on two sides when installed. Ballistic block (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein the ballistic block (10) forms the bulletproof glazing (100) without a further transparent pane and in particular without a further transparent pane arranged at a distance from the ballistic block (10). Ballistic block (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
the ballistic block having a symmetrical and in particular a symmetrical and monolithic structure. Bullet-proof glazing (100) comprising a ballistic block (10) according to any one of Claims 1 to 5 or 7 and at least one further transparent pane (16, 17) which is parallel to the panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic blocks (10) and is arranged at a distance from it and is connected to the ballistic block (10) via a circumferential spacer (21) in such a way that a cavity (20 ) wherein the bulletproof glazing (100) and in particular the ballistic block (10) of the bulletproof glazing (100) is constructed without an energy absorbing layer or sheet of polycarbonate. Glazing (100) according to claim 8,
wherein the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) and the at least one further transparent pane (16, 17) are combined to form a statically self-supporting unit, such that the glazing (100) when installed is only on one side or at most on two sides must be held. Glazing (100) according to claim 8 or 9,
the glazing (100) having a continuous or monolithic transparent area of at least 15 m ² and preferably at least 20 m ² . Glazing (100) according to any one of claims 8 to 10,
wherein the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) and/or the at least one further transparent pane (16, 17) are curved glass panes with a predetermined or determinable bending radius. Glazing (100) according to any one of claims 8 to 11,
wherein - viewed in the direction of fire (R) - the ballistic block (10) has a thickness which withstands fire with a 7.62 x 51 mm full metal jacket/hard core cartridge according to DIN 1063, the thickness of the ballistic block (10) in particular is formed by a corresponding number of transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14), which are each connected to one another via an intermediate layer (19), and/or by corresponding thicknesses of the transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10). Glazing (100) according to any one of claims 8 to 12,
wherein the glazing (100) has a composite glass as at least one further transparent pane (16, 17), wherein the composite glass has at least two transparent panes (16, 17) which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer (22), the intermediate layer (22 ) is in particular an ionoplast film; and or
wherein the distance between the ballistic block (10) and the at least one further transparent pane (16, 17) is between is from 10mm to 40mm, preferably from 15mm to 35mm and more preferably from 20mm to 30mm; and or
wherein at least one pane (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) of the glazing (100) is provided with a coating (25, 26), in particular a sun protection coating (25); and or
a coating, in particular a sun protection coating (25), being provided on the surface of the panes (14) of the ballistic block (10) directly adjacent to the cavity (20) pointing in the direction of the cavity (20); and or
a coating, in particular a heat protection layer (26), being provided on the surface of the panes (17) of the at least one further pane (16, 17) directly adjoining the cavity (20) and pointing in the direction of the cavity (20); and or
wherein the at least one intermediate layer (19, 22) of the ballistic block (10) and/or the at least one further transparent pane (16, 17) designed as laminated glass is made of a material with a calorific value of less than 55 MJ/kg, preferably less than 50 MJ/kg and more preferably less than 45 MJ/kg. System with glazing (100) according to one of Claims 8 to 13 and a holding structure for holding the glazing (100) on a part of a building, the holding structure being designed to hold the glazing (100) on only one side or at most on two sides. System according to claim 14,
the glazing (100) being curved.

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