DK153031B

DK153031B - DRUM CUTTERS WITH A POOL

Info

Publication number: DK153031B
Application number: DK054585A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Guenter John; Karl-Heinz Kretschmer; Horst Schumacher; Christian Noack; Volker Haenel; Juergen Roellich
Original assignee: Fortschritt Veb K
Priority date: 1984-02-08
Filing date: 1985-02-07
Publication date: 1988-06-13
Also published as: HUT39051A; EP0153621B1; DK54585A; EP0153621A1; ATE36441T1; HU192313B; DK153031C; DE3564364D1; CA1227997A; DK54585D0; DD220802A1

Abstract

1. Drum chaff-cutter with a chaff-cutting drum (2) borne in a housing (2) and a counterknife (10) at the housing (1) as well as with an active further comminuting equipment with drivable comminuting cylinders which are borne behind the counterknife (10) at the circumference of the chaff-cutting drum (2) and in a separate housing (12) open toward the chaff-cutting drum (2), characterized thereby, that a base (14) of the separate housing (12) is continued at its rear edge from a thrower trough (15) arranged concentrically with the chaff-cutting drum (2), the knives (5) of which display thrower elements (6).

Description

DK 153031BDK 153031B

- i -- i -

Opfindelsen angår en tromlesnitter med et aktivt efterknusningsan-læg til landbrugsprodukter, især majs. Opfindelsen kan fortrinsvis anvendes på grønthøstere.The invention relates to a drum cutter with an active post-crushing plant for agricultural products, especially maize. The invention may preferably be applied to green harvesters.

Ved fremstilling af majskolbemix og snittet materiale af hele 5 planter med højt tørstofindhold er det af dyrefysiologiske grunde nødvendigt at knuse majskærnerne indtil til fibre opbrudte stængeldele.In the production of corn cob mix and cut material of 5 whole plants with high solids content, it is necessary for animal physiological reasons to crush the corn kernels up to fiber broken stems.

Der anvendes allerede forskellige midler til dette formål.Various funds are already being used for this purpose.

Fx anvendes der ifølge DE-fremlæggelsesskrift 12.37.833 efter-skærssold mellem snittetromle og udkasteskakten. Snittetromlen er ud-10 formet således, at knivene samtidig udgør kasteelementer. Det har imidlertid vist sig, at disse løsninger har et meget højt effektbehov, produktionskapaciteten falder stærkt, og at der opstår tilstopninger i udkasteskakten.For example, according to DE-presenting specification 12.37.833 after-cutting seals are used between the cutter drum and the draft shaft. The cutter drum is shaped so that the blades simultaneously form casting elements. However, it has been found that these solutions have a very high power demand, production capacity is falling sharply and that there are blockages in the draft shaft.

Endvidere kendes efterknusningsanlæg med aktive knuseelementer.Furthermore, post-crushing plants with active crushing elements are known.

15 Ifølge DE-offentliggørelsesskrift 24.22.894 er der i en stigende afgangsskakt på en snittetromle på et vendepunkt til en faldende afgangsskakt anvendt en efterskæretromle med en ovenfor anbragt friktionsbund.15 According to DE-publication specification 24.22.894, in a rising discharge shaft on a cut-off drum at a turning point to a falling discharge shaft, a post-cutting drum with a friction base placed above is used.

Derfra skal den efterknuste afgrøde tilføres en separat kasteblæser.From there, the post-crushed crop must be fed with a separate blower.

Fra EP 00.58.431 kendes en indretning med to knusevalser bag en 20 snittetromle. Knusevalserne er forskudt nedad i forhold til snittetromlen, og den efterknuste afgrøde tilføres en kasteblæser via to transportsnegle.From EP 00.58.431 a device with two crushing rolls is known behind a 20 section drum. The crushing rollers are displaced downwards relative to the cutter drum, and the post-crushed crop is fed to a throwing blower via two transport augers.

Endelig er der i DE-offentliggørelsesskrift 22.50.144 beskrevet et efterknusningsanlæg med aktive knusevalser. Knusevalserne er anbragt 25 fordelt over hele det nederste område ved snittetromlens omkreds. Den efterknuste afgrøde falder ud forneden gennem knusevalserne og transporteres væk via forskellige transportmidler.Finally, in DE publication 22.50.144, a post-crushing plant with active crushing rolls is described. The crushing rollers are disposed over the entire lower region at the circumference of the cutter drum. The post-crushed crop falls below the crushing rollers and is transported away by various means of transport.

Alle disse løsninger med aktive efterknusningsanlæg er forbundet med en afgørende ulempe. I hvert tilfælde er det nødvendigt med yderli-30 gere transportmidler til borttransport af den efterknuste afgrøde. Dermed påvirkes tromlesnitterens kapacitet negativt, og det samlede opbud til borttransport af afgrøden væk fra tromlesnitteren er stort. Løsningen ifølge DE-offentliggørelsesskrift 22.50.144 er desuden meget kompliceret i konstruktionen og kan på grund af et stort pladsbehov 35 næppe anvendes til en grønthøster.All these solutions with active post-crushing systems are associated with a crucial disadvantage. In each case, additional means of transport are needed to transport away the post-crushed crop. As a result, the capacity of the drum cutter is adversely affected, and the total auction for the removal of the crop away from the drum cutter is large. Furthermore, the solution according to DE Publication 22.50.144 is very complicated in the design and can hardly be used for a green harvester due to a large space requirement 35.

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DK 153051BDK 153051B

Opfindelsen har det mål at tilvejebringe en tromlesnitter med et aktivt efterknusningsanlæg, som ved et lavt effektbehov medfører et lille opbud til transport af afgrøden og let kan anvendes i grønthøste-re.The invention has for its object to provide a drum cutter with an active post-crushing plant which, at low power demand, results in a small supply for transporting the crop and can easily be used in green harvesters.

5 Til grund for opfindelsen ligger den opgave at tilvejebringe en tromlesnitter med et aktivt efterknusningsanlæg med knusevalser, en snittetromle og et modskær, der ikke kræver ekstra transportmidler til borttransport af afgrøden, og som kun optager lidt plads.The object of the invention is to provide a drum cutter with an active post-crushing system with crushing rollers, a cutter drum and a counter cutter which does not require additional means of transport for the crop removal and which occupies little space.

Dette opnås ved, at der bag ved modskæret er monteret en eller 10 flere i chassiset lejrede og drivbare knusevalser i et adskilt, mod snittetromlen åbent hus ved omkredsen af snittetromlen, hvis knive har kasteelementer. En bund i huset går ved dens bagkant over i et kastekar, som er placeret koncentrisk i forhold til snittetromlen. Afgrøden kastes efter snitningen på modskæret af snittetromlen ind i huset foran 15. knusevalserne og gribes af knusevalsen eller knusevalserne. Afhængigt af knusevalsens eller -valsernes omdrejningsretning sønderdeles afgrøden yderligere mellem snittetromlen og knusevalsen eller knusevalserne eller mellem bunden og knusevalsen eller knusevalserne. Ved to eller flere knusevalser kan disse have den samme eller en modsat omdrejnings-20 retning. Omdrejningsretningen retter sig i denne forbindelse efter de forskellige afgrødearter. Efter knusevalsen eller knusevalserne accelereres afgrøden ved hjælp af snittetromlen gennem kastekarrets område til borttransport via en udkasteskakt.This is achieved by mounting one or 10 more and driven crushing rollers mounted in the chassis in a separate, open housing against the cutter drum at the circumference of the cutter drum, whose blades have throwing elements mounted in the chassis. A bottom of the housing at its rear ends into a tray which is concentrically positioned relative to the cutter drum. After cutting, the crop is thrown into the housing in front of the cutter drum in front of the 15. crusher rollers and is gripped by the crusher or crusher rollers. Depending on the direction of rotation of the crusher or rollers, the crop is further divided between the cutter drum and the crushing roll or crushing rolls or between the bottom and the crushing roll or crushing rolls. For two or more crushing rollers, these may have the same or opposite direction of rotation. In this connection, the direction of rotation is directed to the different crop species. After the crushing roll or crushing rolls, the crop is accelerated by means of the cutter drum through the area of the throwing vessel for removal via a ejection shaft.

Ifølge opfindelsen er det hensigtsmæssigt, at husets bund kan ind-25 stilles i forhold til knusevalsen eller knusevalserne eller omvendt knusevalsen eller -valserne i forhold til husets bund. Det er herved muligt at få en optimal spaltebredde for hver afgrødeart og således en god efterknusningseffekt. Til yderligere forbedring af efterknusnings-effekten er det ifølge opfindelsen formålstjenligt, hvis knusevalserne 30 har fremspring eller knive, og bunden på sin inderside har fremspring eller friktionslister. Endvidere kan der være anbragt et modskær mellem bunden og kastekarret.According to the invention, it is desirable that the bottom of the housing may be adjusted relative to the crushing roll or crushing rolls or, conversely, the crushing roll or rolls relative to the bottom of the housing. In this way it is possible to obtain an optimal gap width for each crop species and thus a good post-crushing effect. For further enhancement of the post-crushing effect, it is useful according to the invention if the crushing rollers 30 have projections or knives and the bottom of its interior has projections or friction strips. Furthermore, a counter cut may be provided between the bottom and the throwing trough.

Endelig er det ifølge opfindelsen hensigtsmæssigt, at knusevalsen eller -valserne kan drives af snittetromlen via et remtræk, og at der 35 kan indføres en skærm mellem snittetromlen og knusevalsen eller knuse-Finally, according to the invention, it is convenient that the crusher roll or rollers can be driven by the cutter drum via a belt pull and that a screen can be inserted between the cutter drum and the crush roll or crush.

DK 153031BDK 153031B

- 3 - valserae i kastekarrets forlængelse. Skærmen indføres, når det ved visse afgrødearter ikke er nødvendigt med en ekstra efterknusning. I dette tilfælde er det også formålstjenligt at standse knusevalsens eller -valsernes drift. Opfindelsen har den fordel, at der ikke behøves ek-5 strå transportmidler til borttransport af den efterknuste afgrøde. Tromlesnitteren kan løse opgaven med en enkel snittetromle med kasteelementer, en såkaldt snitte-kaste-tromle. Dermed falder effektbehovet i forhold til de kendte løsninger. Samtidig har tromlesnitteren ifølge opfindelsen et lille pladsbehov og er derfor særligt velegnet til an-10 vendelse i en grønthøster.- 3 - roller sera in the extension of the cask. The screen is inserted when, for certain crop species, no additional crushing is necessary. In this case, it is also useful to stop the operation of the crusher roll (s). The invention has the advantage that no extra means of transport is needed for the transport of the post-crushed crop. The drum chopper can solve the task with a simple cutter drum with casting elements, a so-called cut thrower drum. Thus, the power requirement decreases in relation to the known solutions. At the same time, the drum chopper according to the invention has a small space requirement and is therefore particularly suitable for use in a green harvester.

I det følgende forklares opfindelsen nærmere ved hjælp af udførelseseksempler. På tegningen viser: fig. 1 et snit gennem en tromlesnitter med en knusevalse, fig. 2 et detailsnit gennem en tromlesnitter med to ens knuse- 15 valser; fig. 3 et detailsnit gennem en tromlesnitter med to forskellige knusevalser, fig. 4 et detailsnit gennem en tromlesnitter med knusevalse, som transporterer opad, og 20 fig. 5 et detailsnit gennem en tromlesnitter med en knivbesat knusevalse og svingbar lejring.The invention will now be explained in more detail by way of example. In the drawing: FIG. 1 is a section through a drum cutter with a crusher roller; FIG. 2 is a detail section through a drum cutter with two identical crusher rollers; FIG. 3 is a detail section through a drum cutter with two different crusher rollers; FIG. 4 shows a detail section through a drum cutter with crusher roller transporting upwards; and FIG. 5 is a sectional view through a drum cutter with a knife-studded crusher and pivotal bearing.

Ifølge fig. 1 sidder der en snittetromle 2 i et chassis 1 på en tromlesnitter, især en grønthøster. Snittetromlen 2 bærer på et centralrør 3 tromleskiver 4, hvorpå der igen er fastgjort knive 5. På 25 indersiden af knivene 5 findes der kasteelementer 6. Snittetromlen 2 er delvis omgivet af en kappe 7, som munder ud i en udkasteskakt 8. På udkasteskakten 8 sidder der en udkastebøjning 9, som kan drejes. Foran snittetromlen 2 er der i chassiset 1 fastgjort et modskær 10 på en modskærholder 11. Under snittetromlen 2 er der i et særskilt hus 12 i 30 chassiset 1 lejret en knusevalse 13. Huset 12 begynder ved modskæret 10 og omslutter knusevalsen 13 således, at den mod snittetromlen 2 vendende side forbliver åben.According to FIG. 1, there is a cutter drum 2 in a chassis 1 on a drum cutter, especially a green harvester. The cutter drum 2 carries on a central tube 3 drum discs 4, on which knives 5 are again attached. Casting elements 6 are provided with throwing elements 6. The cutter drum 2 is partly surrounded by a sheath 7 which opens into a ejection shaft 8. On the ejection shaft 8 there is a draft bend 9 which can be rotated. In front of the cutter drum 2, in the chassis 1, a counter cut 10 is attached to a cutter holder 11. Under the cutter drum 2 a crusher roll 13 is mounted in a separate housing 12 in the chassis 1. The housing 12 starts at the cutter cutter 10 and encloses the crusher roll 13 the side facing the cutter drum 2 remains open.

Bunden 14 i huset 12 går ved sin bagkant over i et kastekar 15, som er anbragt koncentrisk i forhold til snittetromlen 2. Bunden 14 kan 35 indstilles i forhold til knusevalsen 13 via en ekscenter 16 og en sty-The bottom 14 of the housing 12 at its rear ends into a throwing vessel 15 which is arranged concentrically with respect to the cutter drum 2. The bottom 14 can be adjusted with respect to the crusher roll 13 via an eccentric 16 and a guide.

DK 153031 BDK 153031 B

- 4 - reanordning 17. Knusevalsen 13 har i denne udformning på sin omkreds et antal fremspring 18 ligesom tappene på en tærskecylinder. Bunden 14 har som modstykke til knusevalsen 13 ligeledes et antal sådanne fremspring 19. Med dette arrangement opnås der en slageffekt svarende til et tær-5 skeværks virkemåde. Knusevalsen 13 drives af snittetromlen 2 med et remtrask 20. Omdrejningsretningen vælges således, at afgrøden trækkes ind mellem bunden 14 og knusevalsen 13. Til yderligere forbedring af sønderdelingseffekten er der mellem bunden 14 og kastekarret 15 anbragt et andet modskær 21 i chassiset 1.- 4 - cleaning device 17. In this embodiment, the crusher roll 13 has on its circumference a number of projections 18 like the pins on a threshing cylinder. The bottom 14, as a counterpart to the crushing roll 13, also has a number of such projections 19. With this arrangement, a stroke effect corresponding to the operation of a threshing mill is obtained. The crusher roll 13 is driven by the cutter drum 2 with a belt shaft 20. The direction of rotation is chosen so that the crop is drawn between the bottom 14 and the crusher 13. For further improvement of the shredding effect, a second counter cut 21 is arranged in the chassis 1.

10 Udførelserne ifølge fig. 2 og 3 arbejder hver med to knusevalser.10 The embodiments of FIG. 2 and 3 each work with two crushing rollers.

Ifølge fig. 2 er der to ens knusevalser 13 med fremspring 18, som også drives i samme retning via remtrækket 20.According to FIG. 2, there are two identical crusher rollers 13 with projections 18 which are also driven in the same direction via belt pull 20.

Bunden 14 er forlænget svarende til de to knusevalser 13.The base 14 is extended corresponding to the two crushing rollers 13.

Med denne udformning kan særligt modstandsdygtig afgrøde sønder-15 deles.With this design, particularly resistant crops can be divided.

Ifølge fig· 3 er der som det første anbragt en knusevalse 13 af den allerede beskrevne type i huset 12. Bagved sidder der en knusevalse 22, som trækkes i modsat retning af den første. På denne knusevalse 22 er fremspringene 18 udformet som gennemgående ribber. Bunden 14 i denne 20 udførelse er delt, hvorved den forreste del har fremspring 19 som allerede beskrevet og kan indstilles i forhold til knusevalsen 13 via en ekscenter 16. Den bageste del af bunden 14 er stationær og lagt tæt omkring knusevalsen 22. Ifølge fig. 4 er der kun anvendt denne sidstnævnte type knusevalse 22. Omdrejningsretningen for knusevalsen 22 er her 25 omvendt i forhold til det første udførelseseksempel ifølge fig. 1, hvor remtrækket 20 fx. er krydset. Derved ledes afgrøden videre mellem snit-tetromle .2 og knusevalse 22 og sønderdeles som følge af slagvirkningerne fra fremspringene 18 eller knivene 5 på snittetromlen 2 på modskæret 21. Bunden 14 er udformet glat og stationær. I fig. 5 er der vist 30 en sidste udformning. Knusevalsen 23 er her udstyret med knive 24. Bunden 14 er i denne udførelse stationært anbragt og har friktionslister 25, som omtrent forløber i retning af akslen for knusevalsen 23. Omdrejningsretningen for knusevalsen 23 vælges således, at afgrøden trækkes ind mellem bund 14 og knusevalse 23. Endvidere er knusevalsen 23 35 her lejret via svingarme 26 på akslen i snittetromlen 2.According to Fig. 3, first, a crushing roll 13 of the type described already is arranged in the housing 12. Behind there is a crushing roll 22 which is pulled in the opposite direction of the first. On this crushing roll 22, the projections 18 are formed as continuous ribs. The bottom 14 of this embodiment is divided, whereby the front portion has projections 19 as already described and can be adjusted with respect to the crusher roll 13 via an eccentric 16. The rear portion of the bottom 14 is stationary and placed tightly around the crusher roll 22. According to FIG. 4 only this latter type of crusher roller 22 is used. The direction of rotation of the crusher roller 22 is here inverted in relation to the first embodiment of FIG. 1, where the belt pull 20 e.g. is crossed. Thereby, the crop is passed between cutter drum .2 and crusher roll 22 and disintegrated as a result of the impact of the projections 18 or knives 5 on the cutter drum 2 on the counter cut 21. The bottom 14 is formed smooth and stationary. In FIG. 5, a final embodiment is shown. The crushing roll 23 is here equipped with knives 24. In this embodiment, the bottom 14 is stationary and has friction strips 25 which extend approximately in the direction of the shaft of the crushing roll 23. The direction of rotation of the crushing roll 23 is chosen so that the crop is drawn between the bottom 14 and the crushing roll 23 Further, the crushing roll 23 35 is here mounted via pivot arms 26 on the shaft of the cutter drum 2.

- 5 - DK 1530318- 5 - DK 1530318

En indstillingsspindel 27, som ligeledes er monteret på chassiset 1, påvirker en af svingarmene 26. Således kan knusevalsen 23 drejes i forhold til bunden 14. Det er imidlertid også tænkeligt, at knusevalsen ligesom ved de andre udførelseseksempler er fast lejret i chassiset 1, 5 og at bunden 14 er udformet indstillelig.An adjusting spindle 27, which is also mounted on the chassis 1, affects one of the pivot arms 26. Thus, the crusher roll 23 can be rotated with respect to the bottom 14. However, it is also conceivable that the crusher roll is fixedly mounted in the chassis 1, 5 as in the other embodiments. and that the base 14 is configured adjustably.

Endvidere fremkommer der yderligere udformninger ved en fornuftig kombination af de forskellige udformninger ifølge fig. 1 - 5. Endelig er der ved alle udførelser mulighed for at standse efterknusningsanlæg-get. Der indføres så, som vist på fig. 3, en skærm 28 mellem snitte-10 tromlen 2 og knusevalsen eller -valserne 13, 22, 23 i forlængelse af kastekarret 15.Further, further designs are obtained by a sensible combination of the various designs according to FIG. 1 - 5. Finally, in all designs it is possible to stop the post-crushing plant. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, a screen 28 between the cut 10 drum 2 and the crusher roll (s) 13, 22, 23 in extension of the throwing trough 15.

Claims

Drum cutter with an active post-crushing system with crushing rollers, a cutting drum and a counter cutter, characterized in that after the cutter cutter (10) one or more mounted and operable crushing rollers (13, 22, 23) are mounted in a separate , towards the cutter drum (2) 5 open housing (12) at the circumference of the cutter drum (2), whose blades (5) have throwing elements (6) and that a bottom (14) of the housing (12) at its rear ends into a throwing trays (15) which are concentrically disposed relative to the cutter drum (2).

Drum cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom 10 (14) of the housing (12) can be adjusted relative to the crusher roll (s) (13, 22, 23).

Drum cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the crusher roll (s) (13, 22, 23) can be adjusted relative to the bottom (14) of the housing (12).

Drum cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the crusher rollers (13, 22, 23) have projections (18) or knives (24).

Drum cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom (14) has projections (19) or friction strips (25) on the inside thereof.

Drum cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that a counter cut (21) is arranged between the bottom (14) and the throwing trough (15).

Drum cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the crusher roll (s) (13, 22, 23) can be driven via a belt pull (20) of the cutter drum (2).

Drum cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that a screen (28) can be inserted between the cutter drum (2) and the crushing roll (s) (13, 22, 23) in extension of the throwing cart (15).