DK153194B

DK153194B - CUTTING PLANT FOR CUTTED MATERIAL

Info

Publication number: DK153194B
Application number: DK054685A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Guenter John; Karl-Heinz Kretschmer; Horst Schumacher; Christian Noack; Volker Haenel; Juergen Roellich
Original assignee: Fortschritt Veb K
Priority date: 1984-02-08
Filing date: 1985-02-07
Publication date: 1988-06-27
Also published as: CA1227996A; DK54685A; DK153194C; EP0156128A1; DD220803A1; HU192312B; EP0156128B1; ATE38123T1; DK54685D0; DE3565754D1; HUT39050A

Abstract

1. Final comminuting equipment for chaff and suitable for use in conjunction with disc wheel chaff cutters and cutting or conveying blowers with a scoop wheel (2) and a housing (1), wherein one or more drivable comminuting cylinders (10, 19, 20) are borne behind a feed opening (8) and adjacent the scoop wheel, characterized thereby, that the comminuting cylinders (10, 19, 20) are borne in a separate housing (9) open towards the scoop wheel (2) and a base (11) of this housing (9), in conveying direction of the scoop wheel (2) and downstream of the one or more comminuting cylinders, passes over into a thrower trough (12) concentric with the scoop wheel (2).

Description

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Opfindelsen angår et efterknusningsanlæg til snittet materiale på skivesnittere og snitte- eller transportblæsere inden for landbruget.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a post-crushing plant for cut material on disc choppers and cutters or conveyors in agriculture.

Ved fremstilling af majskolbemix og snittet materiale af hele planter med højt tørstofindhold er det af dyrefysiologiske grunde nød-5 vendigt at knuse majskærnerne indtil til fibre opbrudte stængeldele.In the preparation of corn cob mix and cut material of whole plants with high solids content, it is necessary for animal physiological reasons to crush the corn kernels up to fiber broken stems.

Til dette formål anvendes der allerede forskellige midler på skivesnittere og snitteblæsere.For this purpose various means are already used on disc cutters and cutters.

Der benyttes fx. ifølge US-patentskrift 3.756.517 og DE-offentlig-gørelsesskrift 25.02.474 efterknusningssold. Efterknusningssoldene er i 10 denne forbindelse anbragt som et perforeret cylindrisk element i kastehjulets hus uden for snitteområdet. Disse efterknusningssold har en stor ulempe. Maskinens produktionskapacitet reduceres stærkt på grund af de relativt små soldåbninger, og der opstår let tilstopninger. Endvidere kendes ifølge DD-patentskriftet 35.158 og AT-patentskriftet 15 219.901 kastehjul, som på deres ender har slaglister eller slagkamme.It is used e.g. according to U.S. Pat. No. 3,756,517 and DE Publication 25.02,474 post-crushing salt. In this connection, the post-crushing rolls are arranged as a perforated cylindrical element in the housing of the castor wheel outside the cutting area. These post-crushing salts have a major disadvantage. The production capacity of the machine is greatly reduced due to the relatively small sun openings, and light clogging occurs. Furthermore, according to DD patent 35,158 and AT patent 15,219,901, casters are known, which have bumps or impact combs at their ends.

Disse løsninger frembringer som helhed ikke den nødvendige sønderdelingsgrad. Ikke alle majskærner knuses.As a whole, these solutions do not produce the necessary degree of decomposition. Not all corn kernels are crushed.

Som følge af den ekstra anbringelse af et sold foran udkasteskakten er løsningen ifølge DD-patentskrift 35.158 særligt udsat for til-20 stopning, og udkasteydelsen er ikke længere tilstrækkelig til at overvinde større afstande.As a result of the extra placement of a screen in front of the draft shaft, the solution according to DD patent 35,158 is particularly prone to clogging, and the throwing performance is no longer sufficient to overcome larger distances.

Endvidere kendes ifølge AT-patentskrift 207.162 og DE-offentlig-gørelsesskrift 20.62.945 efterknusningsanlæg, som arbejder med en friktionsbund og slaglister. Her kan der ganske vist opnås en relativt god 25 efterknusningseffekt; men der er ligeledes risiko for tilstopning. På den anden side er sådanne maskiner specielt konstrueret til snitning af majs med højt tørstofindhold. Disse maskiners arbejdskvalitet er imidlertid utilfredsstillende ved fremstilling af majskolbemix. Det samme gælder for de ved skivesnittere og kasteblæsere fra tromlesnittere 30 kendte kombinerede systemer med friktionsbund, slaglister og stive slagkamme foran udkasteskakten (grønthøster Mengele SH 20/30, SF 300, SF 3000/4000). Ved andre snittede afgrøder, hvor en efterknusning ikke er påkrævet, har disse maskiner et forøget effektbehov, eller det er nødvendigt med betydelige ændringsarbejder.In addition, according to AT-A-207,162 and DE-publication 20,62,945 post-crushing systems which operate with a friction floor and impact strips are known. Here, however, a relatively good post-crushing effect can be obtained; but there is also a risk of clogging. On the other hand, such machines are specially designed for cutting maize with high solids content. However, the working quality of these machines is unsatisfactory in the production of corn cob mix. The same applies to the combined systems known by disc cutters and blowers from drum cutters 30 with friction bottoms, impact strips and rigid impact combs in front of the draft shaft (green harvester Mengele SH 20/30, SF 300, SF 3000/4000). In other cut crops where post-crushing is not required, these machines have an increased need for power or significant alteration work is required.

35 Opfindelsen har som mål at tilvejebringe et efterknusningsanlæg - 2 -The invention has for its object to provide a post-crushing plant - 2 -

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til snittet materiale, som er universelt anvendelig, pålidelig i drift, har et lille effektforbrug, og som let kan ændres til arbejde med andre afgrøder.for cut material that is universally applicable, reliable in operation, has little power consumption and can easily be changed to work with other crops.

Til grund for opfindelsen ligger den opgave at tilvejebringe et 5 efterknusningsanlæg til snittet materiale på skivesnittere og snitte-eller transportblæsere med et kastehjul og et hus, der arbejder uden tilstopning, derved kun reducerer maskinens produktion uvæsentligt, sikrer en stor transportydelse for maskinen og opnår en god arbejdskvalitet ved fremstilling af majskolbemix.The object of the invention is to provide a post-crushing system for cut material on disc cutters and cutter or transport blowers with a castor wheel and a housing that operates without clogging, thereby reducing only the machine's production significantly, ensuring a high transport performance for the machine and good working quality in making corn cob mix.

10 Dette opnås ved, at der ved kastehjulets omkreds efter en tilfør selsåbning er lejret én eller flere drivbare knusevalser i et mod kastehjulet åbent, særskilt hus. En bund i dette hus går derpå i kastehjulets transportretning over i et kastekar, som er anbragt koncentrisk i forhold til kastehjulet.This is achieved by the fact that one or more drivable crushing rollers are enclosed in a separate housing open against the casting wheel at the circumference of the casting wheel. A bottom of this housing then passes in the direction of transport of the castor into a throwing vessel which is concentrically positioned relative to the castor.

15 Det snittede materiale kastes af kastehjulets kasteskovle ind i huset foran knusevalsen og gribes af knusevalsen eller -valserne. Afhængigt af knusevalsens eller -valsernes omdrejningsretning knuses den snittede afgrøde yderligere mellem kastehjulet og knusevalsen eller -valserne eller mellem bunden og knusevalsen eller -valserne. Ved to 20 eller flere knusevalser kan disse have den samme eller en modsat omdrejningsretning. Omdrejningsretningen retter sig i denne forbindelse efter den pågældende afgrødeart. Efter den sidste knusevalse accelereres det efterknuste snittede materiale ved hjælp af kastehjulet gennem kastekarrets område til borttransport via en udkasteskakt.15 The cut material is thrown by the casting wheel of the casting wheel into the housing in front of the crushing roll and is gripped by the crushing roll or rollers. Depending on the direction of rotation of the crusher or rollers, the cut crop is further crushed between the casting wheel and the crushing roll or rollers or between the bottom and the crushing roll or rollers. For two or more crushing rollers, these may have the same or opposite direction of rotation. In this regard, the direction of rotation is based on the crop type concerned. After the last crusher roll, the post-crushed cut material is accelerated by means of the throwing wheel through the throwing trough area for removal via a ejection shaft.

25 Ifølge opfindelsen er det hensigtsmæssigt, at husets bund kan ind stilles i forhold til knusevalsen eller -valserne eller omvendt knusevalsen eller -valserne i forhold til husets bund, og at knusevalserne har fremspring eller knive, samt at bunden på indersiden har fremspring eller friktionslister. Det er herved muligt at opnå en optimal spalte-30 bredde for hver afgrødeart og at få en god efterknusningseffekt. Endvidere kan der ifølge opfindelsen være anbragt et modskær mellem bund og kastekar.According to the invention, it is desirable that the bottom of the housing may be set relative to the crushing roller or rollers or vice versa the crushing roll or rollers relative to the bottom of the housing, and that the crushing rollers have projections or knives, and that the bottom on the inside has projections or friction strips. Hereby it is possible to obtain an optimal slit width for each crop species and to obtain a good post-crushing effect. Furthermore, according to the invention, a counter cutter can be arranged between the bottom and the throwing vessel.

Endelig er det ifølge opfindelsen formålstjenligt, at knusevalsen eller -valserne kan drives af kastehjulet via et remtræk, og at der kan 35 indføres en skærm mellem kastehjul og knusevalsen eller knusevalserne i - 3 -Finally, according to the invention, it is desirable that the crushing roll or rollers can be driven by the casting wheel via a belt pulley and that a screen can be inserted between the casting roll and the crushing roll or crushing rollers in -

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kastekarrets forlængelse.the extension of the cast.

Skærmen indføres, når det ved visse snittede materiale- eller afgrødearter ikke er nødvendigt med en yderligere efterknusning.The screen is inserted when, for certain cut material or crop species, no further post-crushing is required.

I dette tilfælde er det også formålstjenligt at standse knuseval-5 sens eller -valsernes drift.In this case, it is also useful to stop the operation of the crusher roll or rollers.

Opfindelsen har den fordel, at efterknusningsanlægget arbejder helt uden tilstopning og har et lavt effektbehov. På den anden side falder skivesnitterens eller transportblæserens produktionskapacitet kun lidt. Maskinerne kan også yderligere anvendes universelt til alle 10 afgrødearter, da efterknusningsanlægget ifølge opfindelsen meget let kan sættes ud af drift. Endelig er de maskiner, som er udstyret med opfindelsen, kendetegnet ved en meget god transportkapacitet.The invention has the advantage that the post-crushing plant works completely without clogging and has a low power demand. On the other hand, the production capacity of the slicer or conveyor fan decreases only slightly. The machines can also be used universally for all 10 crop species, since the post-crushing plant according to the invention can be easily put out of operation. Finally, the machines equipped with the invention are characterized by a very good transport capacity.

I det følgende forklares opfindelsen nærmere ved hjælp af flere udførelseseksempler. På tegningen viser: 15 fig. 1 et snit gennem en skivesnitter med to ens knusevalser, fig. 2 et detailsnit gennem en skivesnitter med to forskellige knusevalser, fig. 3 et detailsnit gennem en skivesnitter med en knusevalse, fig. 4 et detailsnit som på fig. 3, men med en anden udformning 20 af knusevalsen, og fig. 5 et detailsnit som på fig. 3, men med en knivbesat og svingarmlejret knusevalse.In the following, the invention is explained in more detail by means of several embodiments. In the drawing: FIG. 1 is a section through a disc cutter with two identical crushing rolls; FIG. 2 is a detail section through a disc cutter with two different crusher rollers; FIG. 3 is a detail section through a disc cutter with a crusher roller; FIG. 4 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 3, but with a different configuration 20 of the crusher roller; and FIG. 5 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 3, but with a knife-studded and swingarm-mounted crusher roller.

Ifølge fig. 1 sidder der i et chassis 1 et kastehjul 2, som har kasteskovle 3 og knive 4. Kastehjulet 2 er delvis omgivet af en kappe 25 5, som munder ud i en udkasteskakt 6.According to FIG. 1, in a chassis 1, a throwing wheel 2 is provided, which has throwing vanes 3 and knives 4. The throwing wheel 2 is partially surrounded by a sheath 25 5 which opens into a throwing shaft 6.

På udkasteskakten 6 sidder der en udkastebøjning 7 eller et transportrør, som kan drejes. Endvidere er der i chassiset 1 indsat en tilførselsåbning 8 til afgrøden foran kastehjulet 2. Ved omkredsen af kastehjulet 2, efter tilførselsåbningen 8, er der anbragt to ens knuse-30 valser 10 i et særskilt hus 9, som er åbent mod kastehjulet 2. En bund 11 i huset 9 går ved sin bagkant over i et kastekar 12, som er anbragt koncentrisk i forhold til kastehjulet 2. Bunden 11 kan indstilles i forhold til knusevalserne 10 via en ekscenter 13 og et ophæng 14.On the ejection shaft 6 there is a discharge bend 7 or a transportable tube. Furthermore, in the chassis 1 a supply opening 8 is inserted for the crop in front of the castor wheel 2. At the circumference of the castor wheel 2, after the supply opening 8, two identical crushing rollers 10 are arranged in a separate housing 9 which is open against the castor wheel 2. An The bottom 11 of the housing 9 at its rear ends into a throwing vessel 12 which is arranged concentrically with respect to the casting wheel 2. The bottom 11 can be adjusted relative to the crushing rollers 10 via an eccentric 13 and a suspension 14.

Knusevalserne 10 har i denne udformning på deres omkreds et antal 35 fremspring 15 ligesom tappene i en tærskecylinder. Bunden 11 har som - 4 -In this embodiment, the crushing rollers 10 have on their circumference a number of projections 15 like the pins in a threshing cylinder. The bottom 11 has as - 4 -

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modstykke til knusevalserne 10 ligeledes et antal sådanne fremspring. Knusevalserne 10 drives af kastehjulet 2 med et remtræk 17. Omdrejningsretningen for knusevalserne 10 vælges således, at det snittede materiale trækkes ind mellem bunden 11 og knusevalserne 10. Til yderli-5 gere forbedring af knuseeffekten er der fastgjort et modskær 18 i chassiset 1 mellem bunden 11 og kastekarret 12.counterpart of the crushing rollers 10 also a number of such projections. The crushing rollers 10 are driven by the castor wheel 2 with a belt pull 17. The direction of rotation of the crushing rollers 10 is chosen such that the cut material is drawn between the bottom 11 and the crushing rollers 10. To further improve the crushing effect, a counter cut 18 is attached to the chassis 1 between the bottom 11 and the throwing trough 12.

I udførelsen ifølge fig. 2 er der i modsætning til det første udførelseseksempel anvendt forskelligt udformede knusevalser 10, 19. Som den første knusevalse 10 er der anbragt en af den allerede beskrevne 10 art. Hertil er der i huset 9 lejret en anden knusevalse 19, hvor fremspringene 15 er udformet som gennemgående ribber. Bunden 11 er i denne udførelse fremstillet delt. Den forreste del har fremspringene 16 og kan som i det første udførelseseksempel indstilles i forhold til knuse-valsen 10. Den bageste del af bunden 11 er stationær og lagt tæt om-15 kring knusevalsen 19. Fremdriften foregår her ligeledes via et remtræk 17, hvorhos knusevalserne 10, 19 trækkes i modsat retning. Knusevalsen 19 transporterer det snittede materiale opad, og det sønderdeles endnu en gang mellem kasteskovlene 3 og fremspringene 15 på knusevalsen 19.In the embodiment of FIG. 2, unlike the first embodiment, differently shaped crusher rolls 10, 19 are used. As the first crusher roll 10, one of the 10 species already described is arranged. For this, a second crusher roller 19 is mounted in the housing 9, the projections 15 being formed as continuous ribs. The bottom 11 is manufactured in this embodiment divided. The front portion has the projections 16 and, as in the first embodiment, can be adjusted relative to the crusher roll 10. The rear portion of the bottom 11 is stationary and placed tightly around the crusher roll 19. The progression here also takes place via a belt pull 17, wherein the crushing rollers 10, 19 are pulled in the opposite direction. The crusher roll 19 transports the incised material upwards, and it is again broken between the throwing vanes 3 and the projections 15 of the crusher roll 19.

I udførelseseksemplerne ifølge fig. 3 og 4 er knusevalserne 10, 19 20 vist i enkeltvis anbringelse, hvorved udformningens principielle konstruktion ifølge fig. 3 svarer til den i det første udførelseseksempel.In the exemplary embodiments of FIG. 3 and 4, the crushing rolls 10, 19 20 are shown in individual arrangement, whereby the principle construction of the configuration according to FIG. 3 is similar to that of the first embodiment.

Ifølge fig. 4 er der anvendt en knusevalse 19 med gennemgående ribber og omvendt omdrejningsretning, som allerede beskrevet ved fig. 2. Begge udførelseseksempler har et modskær 18 mellem bunden 11 og kastekarret 25 12. På fig. 5 er der vist en sidste udformning. Knusevalsen 20 er her udstyret med knive 21. Bunden 11 er i denne udformning stationært anbragt og har friktionslister 22, som omtrent forløber i retning af aksen for knusevalsen 20. Omdrejningsretningen for knusevalsen 20 vælges således, at afgrøden trækkes ind mellem bund 11 og knusevalse 20. Knu-30 sevalsen 20 er endvidere lejret via svingarme 23 på akslen for kastehjulet 2. En på chassiset 1 monteret indstillingsspindel 24 påvirker en af svingarmene 23. Dermed kan knusevalsen 20 drejes i forhold til bunden 11. Det er imidlertid også tænkeligt, at knusevalsen 20 er lejret fast i huset 9 som ved de andre udførelseseksempler, og at bunden 11 35 kan indstilles.According to FIG. 4, a crusher roller 19 with continuous ribs and the reverse direction is used, as already described in FIG. 2. Both embodiments have a counter cutter 18 between the bottom 11 and the throwing trough 25 12. In FIG. 5, a final embodiment is shown. The crushing roll 20 is here equipped with knives 21. The bottom 11 in this configuration is stationary and has friction strips 22 which extend approximately in the direction of the axis of the crushing roll 20. The direction of rotation of the crushing roll 20 is chosen so that the crop is drawn between the bottom 11 and the crushing roll 20. The knuckle roll 20 is further mounted via pivot arms 23 on the shaft of the castor 2. An adjustment spindle 24 mounted on the chassis 1 affects one of the pivot arms 23. Thus, the crushing roll 20 can be rotated relative to the bottom 11. However, it is also conceivable that the crushing roll 20 is mounted in the housing 9 as in the other embodiments, and the base 11 35 can be adjusted.

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Ved en fornuftig kombination af udformningerne ifølge fig. 1 -5 fremkommer der yderligere udførelseseksempler, som imidlertid ikke skal behandles nærmere.By a sensible combination of the designs of FIG. 1-5, further exemplary embodiments emerge which, however, do not need to be further elucidated.

Endelig er der ved alle udførelser mulighed for at standse efter-5 knusningsanlægget. Til dette formål indføres der, som vist på fig. 1, en skærm 25 mellem kastehjulet 2 og knusevalsen eller -valserne 10, 19, 20 i forlængelse af kastekarret 12. I dette tilfældes standses remtrækket 17.Finally, in all designs it is possible to stop the post-crushing system. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 1, a screen 25 between the casting wheel 2 and the crushing roll or rollers 10, 19, 20 in extension of the throwing cart 12. In this case, the belt pull 17 is stopped.

Claims

1. Post-crushing system for cut material on disc cutters and cutter or conveyor fans with a castor wheel and housing, characterized in that one or more drivable crushing rollers (10, 5 19) are mounted at the circumference of the castor wheel (2). , 20) in a housing (9) open towards the casting wheel (2) and a bottom (11) in this housing (9) then in the transport direction of the casting wheel (2) goes into a throwing vessel (12) which is concentric in relation to to the castor wheel (2).

Post-crushing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom (11) of the housing (9) can be adjusted relative to the crushing roll or 10 rollers (10, 19, 20).

Post-crushing plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing roll (s) (10, 19, 20) can be adjusted relative to the bottom (11) of the housing.

Post-crushing plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing rollers (10, 19, 20) have projections (15) or knives (21).

Post-crushing system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bottom (11) on the inside has projections (16) or friction strips (22).

Post-crushing plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a counter cutter (18) is arranged between the bottom (11) and the throwing trough (12).

Post-crushing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing roll (s) (10, 19, 20) can be driven by the casting wheel (2) via a belt pull (17).

Post-crushing system according to claim 1, characterized in that a screen (25) can be inserted between the throwing wheel (2) and the crushing roll (s) (10, 19, 20) in extension of the throwing cart (12).