DK152442B

DK152442B - PROCEDURE FOR MAKING FOUNDATIONS FOR A CONSTRUCTION AND FOUNDATION BLOCK FOR USING THE PROCEDURE

Info

Publication number: DK152442B
Application number: DK147585A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Kaj Bergman
Original assignee: Raaseporin Tiili Oy
Priority date: 1983-08-12
Filing date: 1985-04-01
Publication date: 1988-02-29
Also published as: FI74096C; WO1985000842A1; EP0151626B1; DK147585A; DK147585D0; HUT41465A; EP0151626A1; DE3474327D1; DK152442C; FI832923A0; FI74096B; FI832923A

Description

DK 152442 BDK 152442 B

Opfindelsen vedrører en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et fundament for en konstruktion, hvor der på jorden, som er bærende eller forstærket ved pilotering eller på anden måde, placeres en fundamentsblok, 5 der er præfabrikeret af armeret beton, og som udgør en støbeform, i hvis indre der er en i hovedsagen vandret hovedarmering, og hvor der under udstøbningen forankres fastgørelsesorganer for en søjle, en bjælke, et sokkeleller vægelement eller indstøbes et muffeelement eller 10 et afstandsstykke til et muffeelement i fundamentsblokken, så at konstruktionen efter udstøbningen virker som et sammenhængende fodstykke. Opfindelsen vedrører endvidere en fundamentsblok til brug ved fremgangsmåden, hvilken fundamentsblok omfatter en kontinuert periferi-15 væg, der omgiver en i hovedsagen vandret hovedarmering.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a method of making a foundation for a structure wherein on the ground, which is supported or reinforced by piloting or otherwise, a foundation block 5, prefabricated with concrete, is formed which forms a mold in which interior having a substantially horizontal main reinforcement, and during casting, anchoring means for an pillar, beam, socket or wall member are anchored or molded a sleeve member or spacer to a sleeve member in the foundation block so that the structure after casting acts as a continuous footing . The invention further relates to a foundation block for use in the method, said foundation block comprising a continuous peripheral wall surrounding a substantially horizontal main reinforcement.

Konstruktionen og formen af fundamentet afhænger af arten af det bærende underlag. En konstruktion, der står på klippe eller på sandjord kan have et meget simp-lere fundament end en konstruktion på lerjord.The structure and shape of the foundation depends on the nature of the supporting substrate. A rock or sandy construction can have a much simpler foundation than a clay soil.

20 På sandjord og lignende jordarter er det muligt at bygge direkte på det bærende underlag, dvs. at fremstille et fundament, der hviler på jorden. Fundamenter fremstilles nutildags ofte af armeret beton. Hvis det bærende underlag er på en dybde af 2 til 3 m, kan byg-25 ningen være forsynet med fundamenter (blokke), der ved udgravning er sænket ned til denne dybde. Hvis det bærende underlag ligger endnu længere nede må der være pilotering for fundamentet, idet fundamentsblokkene, der udstøbes på stedet, anbringes på denne understøtning.20 On sandy soils and similar soils it is possible to build directly on the support substrate, ie. to make a foundation that rests on the ground. Foundations today are often made of reinforced concrete. If the support is at a depth of 2 to 3 m, the building may be provided with foundations (blocks) lowered to this depth by excavation. If the foundation is even further down, there must be piloting for the foundation, as the foundation blocks cast on site are placed on this support.

30 Fundamentsblokke kan også anvendes i tilfælde af simple broer, hvor det ikke blot drejer sig om underlagets bæreevne, men også om sikkerheden for konstruktionen mod væltning eller glidning.30 Foundation blocks can also be used in cases of simple bridges, where not only the bearing capacity but also the safety of the construction against overturning or sliding.

Indtil de seneste år er fremstillingen af funda-35 menter foregået på byggepladsen uden nogen særlig standardisering, og støbeformene har ofte været fremstilletUntil recent years, the production of foundations has been carried out at the construction site without any special standardization, and the molds have often been manufactured

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2 af tømmer, krydsfiner og pladejern. Indføringen af armeringen og udstøbningen af betonen er da blevet foretaget på stedet. Eftersom samlingen af støbeform og udlægning af armeringen er tungt og snavset arbejde, og eftersom 5 arbejderne endvidere er udsat for dårligt vejr, regn og kulde, har der i den senere tid være.t vanskeligheder med at skaffe tilstrækkeligt faguddannet arbejdskraft til udførelse af dette arbejde.2 of timber, plywood and sheet iron. The insertion of the reinforcement and the casting of the concrete has then been carried out on site. Since the casting and laying of the reinforcement is heavy and dirty work, and since the 5 workers are also exposed to bad weather, rain and cold, there has recently been difficulties in obtaining sufficiently skilled manpower to carry out this work. .

Til løsning af disse problemer har den senere 10 tids tendens været så vidt mulig at anvende elementer ved konstruktionen af fundamenter, og der er faktisk blevet udviklet og anvendt fundamentselementer, fundamentsblokke og søjleunderstøtninger samt fundamentsbjælker og separate søjlemuffer til supplering af disse 15 enheder. Anvendelsen af fundamentselementer har imidlertid hidtil været forholdsvis ringe, og de er navnlig blevet anvendt i forbindelse med industrihaller og små huse. Konstruktionen har for det meste fortrinsvis specielt været rettet på vedkommende formål med det resul-20 tat, at man ikke er nået frem til nogen konstruktive løsninger, der kunne være konkurrencedygtige i forhold til betonudstøbning på stedet.To solve these problems, the tendency of the last 10 years has been as far as possible to use elements in the construction of foundations, and foundational elements, foundation blocks and pillar supports, as well as foundation beams and separate pillar sleeves have been developed and supplemented for these 15 units. However, the use of foundation elements has so far been relatively poor, and they have been used mainly in connection with industrial halls and small houses. Mostly, the construction has mainly been directed to the particular purpose, with the result that no constructive solutions that could be competitive with concrete casting on site have been reached.

Fundamentskonstruktionen består således af et separat blokagtigt fundamentselement, hvorpå en muffe, 25 en søjle eller fundamentsbjælker monteres. Separate fundament se lementer til søjler kendes også, af hvilke der kendes massive typer, der ligner dem, der udstøbes på stedet, og typer med mindre vægt, hvor søjlemuffen er forbundet med fundamentsblokken. Det er også kendt at 30 montere søjlemuffen i en elementkonstruktion sammen med en blok, der udstøbes på stedet.Thus, the foundation structure consists of a separate block-like foundation element on which a sleeve, a pillar or foundation beams are mounted. Separate foundations for pillar elements are also known, of which are known massive types similar to those cast on site, and lesser-weight types where the column sleeve is connected to the foundation block. It is also known to mount the column sleeve in an element structure together with a block cast on site.

De ovenfor omtalte fundamentselementer er bedst egnet til fundamenter på jorden.The above-mentioned foundation elements are best suited for foundations on earth.

Når kendte fundamentselementer med en blok ved 35 undersiden anvendes, kræves der stor nøjagtighed ved udførelsen af jordnivelleringen. Sædvanligvis er det ikkeWhen known foundation elements with a block at the bottom are used, great accuracy is required in performing the leveling. Usually it's not

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3 muligt at anvende kendte elementer, hvis det har været nødvendigt at udføre pilotering, fordi dette ofte indfører problemer, der er teknologisk og økonomisk uoverstigelige .3 it is possible to use known elements if it has been necessary to carry out piloting, because this often introduces problems that are technologically and economically insurmountable.

5 En fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et fundament for en konstruktion og en fundamentsblok til brug ved fremgangsmåden kendes fra SU-PS nr. 987 034, hvor funda-mentsblokken har en vandret armering, der gennem understøtninger er fastgjort til forankringsbolte, som er 10 indstøbt i fundamentsblokkens sidevæg. Da hovedarmeringen ikke er forankret i sidevæggene, fremkommer der ikke en god belastningsoverførsel mellem det udstøbte legeme og fundamentsblokkens sidevægge, og endvidere kræver armeringens placering inden udstøbningen på byggestedet 15 meget manuelt arbejde af trænede arbejdere.A method of manufacturing a foundation for a structure and a foundation block for use in the method is known from SU-PS No. 987 034, wherein the foundation block has a horizontal reinforcement secured through supports to anchor bolts embedded in the sidewall of the foundation block. Since the main reinforcement is not anchored to the sidewalls, a good load transfer between the cast body and the sidewalls of the foundation block does not appear, and furthermore, the placement of the reinforcement prior to the casting at the construction site requires a lot of manual work by trained workers.

Det er opfindelsens formål at anvise en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et fundament af den i indledningen nævnte art, hvor fundamentsblokken er let at anvende på byggestedet og er udformet med en sådan stiv-20 hed og styrke, at den kan modstå og overføre vandrette spændinger.It is an object of the invention to provide a method of making a foundation of the kind mentioned in the preamble, wherein the foundation block is easy to use at the construction site and is designed with a stiffness and strength to withstand and transmit horizontal stresses.

De karakteristiske egenskaber ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen fremgår af den kendetegnende del af krav 1. Opfindelsen angår endvidere en fundamentsblok 25 til brug ved fremgangsmåden, hvilken fundamentsblok omfatter en kontinuert periferivæg, der omgiver en i hovedsagen vandret hovedarmering, og de kendetegnende egenskaber ved fundamentsblokken ifølge opfindelsen fremgår af den kendetegnende del af krav 2.The characteristic features of the method according to the invention appear from the characterizing part of claim 1. The invention further relates to a foundation block 25 for use in the method, said foundation block comprising a continuous peripheral wall surrounding a substantially horizontal main reinforcement, and the characteristic properties of the foundation block according to the invention. is shown in the characterizing part of claim 2.

30 Da den vandrette hovedarmering under fundaments blokkens fremstilling er forankret ved indstøbning i pe-riferivæggen, vil det færdige fundament efter udstøbningen på byggepladsen udgøre et sammenhængende armeret fodstykke i stand til at overføre vandrette spændinger.30 Since the horizontal main reinforcement during the foundation block manufacture is anchored by embedding in the peripheral wall, the finished foundation after casting on the construction site will constitute a coherent reinforced footpiece capable of transmitting horizontal stresses.

35 Fremgangsmåden og en udførelsesform for funda mentsblokken ifølge opfindelsen forklares nærmere i det følgende under henvisning til tegningen, hvor 4The method and an embodiment of the foundation block according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which

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fig. 1 viser et fundament med fundamentsblok og muffe anvendt på et underlag med pilotering, fig. 2 en fundamentsblok anbragt på jorden, og fig. 3 en axonometrisk afbildning af en funda-5 mentsblok ifølge opfindelsen.FIG. Fig. 1 shows a foundation with a foundation block and sleeve applied to a support with piloting; 2 shows a foundation block disposed on the ground; and FIG. 3 is an axonometric view of a foundation block according to the invention.

En fundamentsblok 1 kan fremstilles på en fabrik ved kendt teknik, i hvilket tilfælde der som armering kan anvendes kendte armeringsstål og "bundarme-ring". Hovedarmeringen eller bundarmeringen 2 består 10 af i hovedsagen vandret placerede enkelte stål, der kan være placeret, eksempelvis krydsende hinanden, så at de udgør en netagtig konstruktion. Det er også muligt at anvende præfabrikerede stål med netform og lignende, der opfylder de krav, der stilles til fundamenter for kon-15 struktioner. Dimensionerne af armeringen og af afstanden mellem stængerne kan vælges frit under hensyntagen til de spændinger, der skal optages.A foundation block 1 can be manufactured in a factory by prior art, in which case known reinforcing steel and "bottom reinforcement" can be used as reinforcement. The main reinforcement or the bottom reinforcement 2 consists of generally horizontally positioned single steels which can be positioned, for example, intersecting each other so that they form a net-like structure. It is also possible to use prefabricated steel with mesh form and the like that meets the requirements for foundations for constructions. The dimensions of the reinforcement and of the distance between the bars can be freely chosen taking into account the stresses to be recorded.

En omkransende sidevæg 6 for fundamentsblokken kan være udformet med den ønskede tykkelse, ligesom 20 størrelsen og formen af fundamentsblokken 1 med hensyntagen til de belastninger, der vil blive udøvet på den færdige konstruktion. Fundamentsblokken kan ikke alene have et kvadratisk tværsnit, men også et rundt, elliptisk, rektangulært eller trekantet tværsnit. Bund-25 armeringen kan være placeret i det nederste plan 7 for sidevæggene 6, men det er mere fordelagtigt at placere det højere end sidevæggenes bundniveau og i hovedsagen vandret. Bundarmeringen 2 er forankret i sidevæggene 6 af betonformen.A circumferential sidewall 6 of the foundation block may be formed to the desired thickness, as will the size and shape of the foundation block 1 with respect to the loads that will be exerted on the finished construction. The foundation block may not only have a square cross-section, but also a round, elliptical, rectangular or triangular cross-section. The bottom 25 reinforcement may be located in the lower plane 7 of the sidewalls 6, but it is more advantageous to place it higher than the bottom level of the sidewalls and generally horizontally. The bottom reinforcement 2 is anchored in the side walls 6 of the concrete mold.

30 Fundamentsblokken 1 kan transporteres fra fa briken til den ønskede placering, hvor den anbringes på jorden 5, der eventuelt kan være piloteret 4, i hvilket tilfælde fundamentsblokken anbringes på kendt måde på de afskårne pæle 4. Om ønsket kan der på fun-35 damentsblokken 1 være monteret en i og for sig kendt muffe 3 eller andre fastgørelseselementer, såsom adhæ-The foundation block 1 can be transported from the factory to the desired location where it is placed on the ground 5, which may have been piloted 4, in which case the foundation block is placed in known manner on the cut piles 4. If desired, the foundation block can be 1, a sleeve 3 or other fastening elements known per se, such as

Claims

15 The fact that standard types can be provided will cause fabrication costs to go down and the blocks can be made into storage and transported to the construction site at the most convenient time. Furthermore, the foundation block is easy, with the result that transportation and installation are easy and that transport and assembly costs are reduced compared to what they are for known foundations with foundation blocks. The foundation block 1 constitutes both mold and reinforcement and reduces the work to be done at the construction site, thereby facilitating and speeding up construction work, requiring less expert knowledge of the developer and reducing construction costs. Furthermore, changes during the design phase 30 are faster, easier and less expensive than before.

A method of making a foundation for a structure wherein on the ground (5) supported or reinforced by piloting (4) or otherwise, a foundation block (1) is prefabricated. 152442B β of reinforced concrete, forming a mold in the interior of which there is a substantially horizontal main reinforcement (2) and in which casting means are secured to a pillar, beam, pedestal or wall element or a sleeve member or spacer is molded into a sleeve member in the foundation block (1) so that the construction after the casting acts as a continuous footer, characterized in that the horizontal main reinforcement (2) during the manufacture 10 of the fuam blocks (1) is anchored in its sidewalls, so that the foundation block (1) constitutes both a mold and a horizontal main reinforcement.

The foundation block for use in the method of claim 1, which comprises a continuous peripheral wall (6) surrounding a substantially horizontal main arm ring (2), characterized in that the main reinforcement (2) during the manufacture of the foundation block is anchored by embedding in the peripheral wall (6).

The foundation block according to claim 2, characterized in that the main reinforcement (2) consists of a reinforcement mesh known per se suitable for use in concrete reinforcement or of individual reinforcing steel. 25 1 35