FI74096C - FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV FUNDAMENT FOER EN KONSTRUKTION OCH ETT I FOERFARANDET ANVAENT MELLANSTYCKE. - Google Patents

Description

74096

METHOD OF PREPARING THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE STRUCTURE AND THE INTERMEDIATE USED IN THE METHOD

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing the foundations of a structure, such as halls, houses and bridges built on the ground 5, using as a foundation a concrete foot suitable for a ready-mixed concrete casting, which also contains the necessary reinforcements. The invention further relates to a foot element for use in the method according to the invention, which not only is suitable as a mold for concrete casting and contains the reinforcement required for concrete casting, but is also suitable for use with sleeve members commonly used in concrete technology.

15 The structure and shape of the foundation depend on the nature of the load-bearing base. A building on rocks or solid sand can be much simpler set up than on clay.

20 On sandy lands or the like, it is possible to build directly on the load-bearing ground, ie to make an underground foundation. Today, foundations are mostly built of reinforced concrete. If the load-bearing subsoil is at a depth of 2-3 m, the building can be built on structures (anti-25) excavated up to that depth. If the load-bearing ground is even deeper, a pile foundation must be used on which the feet to be cast on site are fitted.

The sensor foundation can also be used in simple bridges, where it is not only a question of the bearing capacity of the ground, but also of the security of the structure against falling or slipping.

Until recent years, the manufacture of the footing has been done on site without major standardization, and the molds have mostly been made of wood, plywood and steel sheet. After this, reinforcement and concrete casting have been carried out on site. Due to the heavy and dirty work of formwork and reinforcement and the fact that workers are also exposed to the effects of the weather, rain and cold, it has recently been difficult to obtain sufficient skilled labor for this work.

5 In order to solve these problems, efforts have recently been made to switch to the use of elements in foundation structures as far as possible, and footplates and column beams have been developed and used as foundation elements, as well as plinth beams and separate column sleeves.

10 However, the use of foundation elements has so far been relatively low and has been used mainly in industrial halls and detached houses. The design has been mainly site-specific, which means that no competitive solutions have been found with stationary casting.

15

The foundation structure is then formed by either a separate slab-like footing element to which the sleeve, column or base beam element is fitted. Separate column foot elements are also known, which are available in massive, in-situ casting-20 construction-like and lightened designs in which the column sleeve is connected to the foot. It is also known to fit a column sleeve of a prefabricated structure to a molded foot.

25 The above types of element foundations are best suited for underground foundations.

When using known foot elements with a lower plate, high accuracy is required for leveling the ground. 30 Known elements cannot usually be used if the ground has had to be piled, as this often leads to technically and economically insurmountable problems.

The object of the invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages associated with the use of known sensor elements and the use of stationary molded sensors.

I; 5,74096

The object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing the foundations of buildings and structures which is suitable for use on both unpainted and piled or otherwise reinforced soil, as well as a sensor element for use in the method, which can also be used in connection with sleeve and other connecting elements known per se.

The features characteristic of the method according to the invention appear from the characterizing part of claim 1 and the features characteristic of the sensor element according to the invention appear from the characterizing part of claim 2.

In the following, the invention and the advantages obtained by it will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures, which are not intended to limit the invention but only to illustrate a solution according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows a foot-sleeve foundation according to the invention fitted to a piled ground.

Figure 2 shows the adapted foot foundation of the ground.

Figure 3 shows an axonometric view of a foot mold element 25 according to the invention.

The foot 1 according to the invention can be manufactured in a factory, by conventional technology, in which case conventional reinforcements can be used and the "bottom reinforcement" (main reinforcement) consists of substantially horizontal individual steels 2, which can be adapted, for example, crosswise to form a reticulated structure. It is also possible to use prefabricated mesh or similar steels that meet the requirements for structural foundations. The dimension of the reinforcement and the spacing between the bars can be freely chosen taking into account the future stresses.

4,74096

The side wall structure 6 of the foot can be formed to the desired strength, as well as the size and shape of the foot 1 to take into account the loads required by the future structure. The cross-section of the foot can be not only square but also, for example, round, ellipse, 5 rectangles or triangles. The base reinforcement can be fitted to the bottom plane 7 of the side walls 6, but it is most preferably arranged higher and substantially horizontal than the bottom plane of the side walls. The base reinforcement 2 is anchored to the side walls 6 of the concrete mold.

10

The foot 1 according to the invention can be transported from the factory to the required place, where it is fitted to the ground 5, which can be piled 4 if necessary, whereby the foot is fitted in the usual way on the cut piles 4.

If desired, a sleeve 3 "or other fastening elements, such as gripping steels, shaped steels, bolts, etc., can be fitted to the foot 1 according to the invention; after which the foot mold is filled with concrete and construction work can be continued in the normal way.

20

The sensor element according to the invention can be used in such objects where previously it was possible to use only cast-in-place sensors.

The sensor element according to the invention can be manufactured in series at the factory and, in addition, type sensors can be accessed, which makes it possible to obtain conventional repetitive structures in element production, whereby the most suitable element for loads can be selected from the stepwise sensors, e.g.

Achieving typing results in a reduction in manufacturing costs and the elements can be manufactured in a warehouse and taken to a construction site at a convenient time. In addition, the sensor element according to the invention is light, which causes the I, 5 74096 to be easy to transport and install and to have lower transport and installation costs compared to conventional sensor elements.

The foot according to the invention forms both a mold and a reinforcement and reduces the work to be done on the construction site and thus facilitates and speeds up the construction work and requires less professional skills and lower construction costs from the builder.

10

In addition, changes are made faster, easier and cheaper during the construction phase.

The invention may be varied and modified within the scope of claims 15.

Claims (3)

6 74096 A method of making the foundations of a structure, in which a load-bearing or reinforced ground base (5) is provided with a reinforced concrete prefabricated element (1) forming a mold with a substantially horizontal main reinforcement (2) in the interior, and a column is attached to the base element during casting. fastening members of the beam, plinth or wall element, or mounting a sleeve element or sleeve element extension piece, the structure after casting acting as an integral foot, characterized in that the horizontal main reinforcement (2) is anchored to the side walls of the foot element (1) during its manufacture. simultaneously forms both the mold and the Horizal main reinforcement. A foot element for use in the method according to claim 1, comprising a continuous circumferential wall (6) and a substantially horizontal main reinforcement (2) at the interior of the circumferential wall, characterized in that the horizontal main reinforcement is anchored to the circumferential wall (6) by casting the foot element (1). during manufacture. Foot element according to Claim 2, characterized in that the horizontal main reinforcement (2) is formed by a net known per se suitable for concrete reinforcement or in that the reinforcement is formed by individual steels. i.