CN102535495B - U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building and construction method thereof - Google Patents
U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102535495B CN102535495B CN201210026247.1A CN201210026247A CN102535495B CN 102535495 B CN102535495 B CN 102535495B CN 201210026247 A CN201210026247 A CN 201210026247A CN 102535495 B CN102535495 B CN 102535495B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- groove
- cavity
- type groove
- reinforcement
- shaped groove
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Retaining Walls (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building and a construction method thereof, which belong to the technical field of foundation basis structure. The U-shaped groove base comprises a cavity groove molded by digging on a foundation. A U-shaped groove is dug on the periphery of the cavity groove, and bottom reinforcement bars or reinforcement mats and lateral reinforcing steel bars and vertical reinforcing steel bars are arranged in the U-shaped groove. Supporting moldboards are all fixed at the positions of the bottom of the U-shaped groove, the bottom of the cavity groove, the lateral wall of the U-shaped groove and the lateral wall of the cavity groove. A rear-located anchor hook cushion block is fixed on the bottom face of the cavity groove, and concrete is poured among the U-shaped groove in the foundation, a wall board and a groove wall of the cavity groove. The construction method includes steps of 1 marking a base line; 2 digging soil of basic portions; 3 paving and assembling reinforcement mats or reinforced steel bars; 4 erecting moldboards; 5 pouring concrete; 6 rear-locating a anchor hook cushion block; 7 fixing column steel construction members; and 8 pouring concrete again and forming the U-shaped groove base for the prefabricated building. The U-shaped groove base for the prefabricated building and the construction method are fast in construction speed, low in construction cost and suitable for various places and stress forms.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building and construction method thereof, belong to Toft foundation structure technical field.
Background technology
At present, the architecture production mode of China is carrying out a revolution, namely the construction of assembled-type house is expanded gradually, manufacturing thought is introduced builing industry, change traditional building approach, traditional base form has not obviously met existing assembled architecture system peace and has torn feature quick, with low cost open, so assembled architecture replaces traditional base form in the urgent need to a kind of novel base form.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the weak point solving the existence of above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of speed of application fast, construction cost is low, is applicable to U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building and the construction method thereof of various place and various stress form.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building, its special character is to be included in that ground to dig cutter shaping, for the cavity groove 5 of plugging in fitting formula wallboard 1, the periphery of cavity groove 5 has dug U-type groove 11, install near U-type groove 11 bottom surface place in U-type groove 11 and be provided with bottom reinforcement bars or steel mesh reinforcement 7, lateral reinforcement 4 and vertical reinforcement 9 is arranged near the side-walls interval of U-type groove 11, bottom U-type groove 11, bottom cavity groove 5, U-type groove 11 sidewall and cavity groove 5 side-walls are all fixed with the support shuttering for U-type groove 11 being installed the U-shaped hollow groove of forming shape, the bottom surface of cavity groove 5 is fixed with rearmounted grasp cushion block 6, rearmounted grasp cushion block 6 is fixed with the cylindricality steel component 3 for connecting wallboard 1, U-type groove 11 in ground, all concrete has been built between the cell wall of wallboard 1 and cavity groove 5,
Described reinforcing bar or steel mesh reinforcement 7 are installed on apart from 10-15mm place, U-type groove 11 bottom surface, and lateral reinforcement 4 and vertical reinforcement 9 are installed on apart from distance U-type groove 11 sidewall 10-15mm place;
Described rearmounted grasp cushion block 6 is fixed as one by expansion bolt 10 and cavity groove 5.
A construction method for U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building, its special character is to comprise the following steps:
1, basic unwrapping wire
Basic setting-out work is carried out according to designing requirement;
2, basic part soil is dug
Select the grooved size of cavity groove 5 according to the thickness of the wallboard 1 that will assemble, the foundation width of cavity groove 5 is 1-1.2 times of assembled wallboard thickness, determines the size of U-type groove 11 and dig to projected depth down on request according to geological condition and stressing conditions after calculating;
3, assembling reinforcement net or reinforcing bar is laid
According to designing requirement, certain depth under indoor terrace absolute altitude, namely arrange bottom reinforcement bars or steel mesh reinforcement 7 apart from the 10-15mm place installation of U-type groove 11 bottom surface, and distance U-type groove 11 sidewall 10-15mm place arranges lateral reinforcement 4 and vertical reinforcement 9 in interval on request, reinforcing bar grade follows designing requirement;
4, formwork erection
By designing requirement bottom U-type groove 11, bottom cavity groove 5, U-shaped basis carried out shuttering supporting by common bamboo wooden form crab-bolt mode by U-type groove 11 side-walls and cavity groove 5 side-walls respectively, U-type groove 11 installed the U-shaped hollow groove of forming shape;
5, concreting
The concrete eight of designing requirement intensity is built in the U-type groove 11 completed at formwork on request, form the U-type groove 11 of reinforcing bar or steel mesh reinforcement reinforcement, or after the above-mentioned same step of execution, select building floor and U-type groove 11 jointly to build, form the integral type foundation of the similar raft plate with cavity groove 5;
6, rearmounted anchor hooks cushion block
On cavity groove 5 bottom surface, mooring anchor hooks cushion block 6, makes anchor hook cushion block 6 be integrally fixed with cavity groove 5 bottom surface by expansion bolt 10;
7, fixing cylindricality steel component
Vertically inserted in cavity groove 5 by modular assembled wallboard 1, wallboard 1 occupy the center of cavity groove 5, and wallboard 1 is connected on cylindricality steel component 3, is fixedly connected with hooking cushion block 6 with rearmounted mooring anchor bottom cylindricality steel component 3;
8, concreting 12 forms U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building again
After step 1-7 completes, by concreting 12 again in the cavity between wallboard 1 and cavity groove 5, finally form U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building.
A kind of U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building of the present invention and construction method thereof, in the cavity groove formed after concreting, rearmounted mooring anchor hooks and is connected with cylindricality steel component, concreting makes wallboard and connecting elements thereof jointly form complete force transfer system again, define the novel fabricated building U-type groove basis being different from conventional base form, this base form speed of application is very fast, Path of Force Transfer is clear and definite, cost advantage is obvious, is applicable to the assembled architecture of various place and various stress form.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the sectional view of a kind of U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building of the present invention;
Fig. 2: rearmounted anchor hooks cushion block schematic diagram;
Fig. 3: U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building phantom drawing;
Fig. 4: U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building schematic shapes.
Detailed description of the invention
Provide the specific embodiment of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawing, be used for that the present invention is described further.
A kind of U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building, be included in that ground to dig cutter shaping, for the cavity groove 5 of plugging in fitting formula wallboard 1, the periphery of cavity groove 5 digs U-type groove 11, in ground, the 10-15mm place installation of U-type groove 11 bottom surface is provided with bottom reinforcement bars or steel mesh reinforcement 7, apart from U-type groove 11 sidewall 10-15mm place, lateral reinforcement 4 and vertical reinforcement 9 are arranged in interval on request, bottom U-type groove 11, bottom cavity groove 5, U-type groove 11 sidewall and cavity groove 5 side-walls are all fixed with the support shuttering for U-type groove 11 being installed the U-shaped hollow groove of forming shape, the bottom surface of cavity groove 5 is fixed with rearmounted grasp cushion block 6, rearmounted grasp cushion block 6 is fixed with the cylindricality steel component 3 for connecting wallboard 1, U-type groove 11 in ground, all concrete has been built between the cell wall of wallboard 1 and cavity groove 5, rearmounted grasp cushion block 6 is fixed as one by expansion bolt 10 and cavity groove 5.
A construction method for U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building, comprises the following steps:
1, basic unwrapping wire
Basic setting-out work is carried out according to designing requirement;
2, basic part soil is dug
Select the grooved size of cavity groove 5 according to the thickness of the wallboard 1 that will assemble, the foundation width of cavity groove 5 is 1-1.2 times of assembled wallboard thickness, determines the size of U-type groove 11 and dig to projected depth down on request according to geological condition and stressing conditions after calculating;
3, assembling reinforcement net or reinforcing bar is laid
According to designing requirement, certain depth under indoor terrace absolute altitude, namely arrange bottom reinforcement bars or steel mesh reinforcement 7 apart from the 10-15mm place installation of U-type groove 11 bottom surface, and distance U-type groove 11 sidewall 10-15mm place arranges lateral reinforcement 4 and vertical reinforcement 9 in interval on request, reinforcing bar grade follows designing requirement;
4, formwork erection
By designing requirement bottom U-type groove 11, bottom cavity groove 5, U-shaped basis carried out shuttering supporting by common bamboo wooden form crab-bolt mode by U-type groove 11 side-walls and cavity groove 5 side-walls respectively, U-type groove 11 installed the U-shaped hollow groove of forming shape;
5, concreting
The concrete eight of designing requirement intensity is built in the U-type groove 11 completed at formwork on request, form the U-type groove 11 of reinforcing bar or steel mesh reinforcement reinforcement, or after the above-mentioned same step of execution, select building floor and U-type groove 11 jointly to build, form the integral type foundation of the similar raft plate with cavity groove 5;
6, rearmounted anchor hooks cushion block
On cavity groove 5 bottom surface, mooring anchor hooks cushion block 6, makes anchor hook cushion block 6 be integrally fixed with cavity groove 5 bottom surface by expansion bolt 10;
7, fixing cylindricality steel component
Vertically inserted in cavity groove 5 by modular assembled wallboard 1, wallboard 1 occupy the center of cavity groove 5, and wallboard 1 is connected on cylindricality steel component 3, is fixedly connected with hooking cushion block 6 with rearmounted mooring anchor bottom cylindricality steel component 3;
8, concreting 12 forms U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building again
After step 1-7 completes, by concreting 12 again in the cavity between wallboard 1 and cavity groove 5, finally form U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building.
U-type groove basis power transmission process of the present invention: assembled architecture system is stressed passes to cylindricality steel component, primarily of cylindricality steel component, power is passed to U-type groove basis, and then passes to ground; Meanwhile, it is stressed that the wallboard be connected with cylindricality steel component can share assembled architecture system part.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: in the cavity groove of having built, rearmounted mooring anchor hooks and is connected with cylindricality steel component, concreting makes wallboard and connecting elements thereof jointly form complete force transfer system again, define the novel fabricated building U-type groove basis being different from conventional base form, this base form speed of application is very fast, Path of Force Transfer is clear and definite, cost advantage is obvious, is applicable to the assembled architecture of various place and various stress form.
After those skilled in the art read patent specification of the present invention, can be carried out other for present principles and implementation step and change and amendment, but within the claims that these change and amendment is all awaited the reply in the present invention.In a word, protection scope of the present invention should comprise those apparent conversion for those of ordinary skills, substitute and remodeling.
Claims (1)
1. a U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building, it is characterized in that being included in that ground to dig cutter shaping, for the cavity groove (5) of plugging in fitting formula wallboard (1), the periphery of cavity groove (5) has dug U-type groove (11), install near U-type groove (11) bottom surface place in U-type groove (11) and be provided with bottom reinforcement bars or steel mesh reinforcement (7), lateral reinforcement (4) and vertical reinforcement (9) is arranged near the side-walls interval of U-type groove (11), U-type groove (11) bottom, cavity groove (5) bottom, U-type groove (11) sidewall and cavity groove (5) side-walls are all fixed with the support shuttering for U-type groove (11) being installed the U-shaped hollow groove of forming shape, the bottom surface of cavity groove (5) is fixed with rearmounted grasp cushion block (6), rearmounted grasp cushion block (6) is fixed with the cylindricality steel component (3) for connecting wallboard (1), U-type groove (11) in ground, all concrete has been built between the cell wall of wallboard (1) and cavity groove (5),
Described reinforcing bar or steel mesh reinforcement (7) are installed on apart from 10-15mm place, U-type groove (11) bottom surface, and lateral reinforcement (4) and vertical reinforcement (9) are installed on apart from distance U-type groove (11) sidewall 10-15mm place.
2, according to a kind of U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described rearmounted grasp cushion block (6) is fixed as one by expansion bolt (10) and cavity groove (5).
The construction method of a kind of U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building 3, described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1), basic unwrapping wire
Basic setting-out work is carried out according to designing requirement;
2) basic part soil, is dug
The grooved size of cavity groove (5) is selected according to the thickness of the wallboard 1 that will assemble, the foundation width of cavity groove (5) is 1-1.2 times of assembled wallboard thickness, determines the size of U-type groove (11) and dig to projected depth down on request according to geological condition and stressing conditions after calculating;
3), assembling reinforcement net or reinforcing bar is laid
According to designing requirement, certain depth under indoor terrace absolute altitude, namely bottom reinforcement bars or steel mesh reinforcement (7) are set apart from the 10-15mm place installation of U-type groove (11) bottom surface, and distance U-type groove (11) sidewall 10-15mm place arranges lateral reinforcement (4) and vertical reinforcement (9) in interval on request;
4), formwork erection
By designing requirement in U-type groove (11) bottom, U-shaped basis carried out shuttering supporting by common bamboo wooden form crab-bolt mode by cavity groove (5) bottom, U-type groove (11) side-walls and cavity groove (5) side-walls respectively, U-type groove 11 installed the U-shaped hollow groove of forming shape;
5), concreting
The concrete (8) of designing requirement intensity is built in the U-type groove (11) completed at formwork on request, form the U-type groove (11) of reinforcing bar or steel mesh reinforcement reinforcement, or after the above-mentioned same step of execution, select building floor and U-type groove (11) jointly to build, form the integral type foundation with cavity groove (5);
6), rearmounted anchor hooks cushion block
On cavity groove (5) bottom surface, mooring anchor hooks cushion block (6), makes anchor hook cushion block (6) be integrally fixed with cavity groove (5) bottom surface by expansion bolt (10);
7), fixing cylindricality steel component
Modular assembled wallboard (1) is vertically inserted in cavity groove (5), wallboard (1) occupy the center of cavity groove (5), wallboard (1) is connected on cylindricality steel component (3), cylindricality steel component (3) bottom is hooked cushion block (6) with rearmounted mooring anchor and is fixedly connected with;
8), concreting forms U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building again
After step 1-7 completes, by concreting (12) again in the cavity between wallboard (1) and cavity groove (5), finally form U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210026247.1A CN102535495B (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2012-02-07 | U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building and construction method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210026247.1A CN102535495B (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2012-02-07 | U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building and construction method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102535495A CN102535495A (en) | 2012-07-04 |
| CN102535495B true CN102535495B (en) | 2015-02-25 |
Family
ID=46343400
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210026247.1A Active CN102535495B (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2012-02-07 | U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building and construction method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102535495B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102943428B (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2015-02-04 | 北京科百宏业科技有限公司 | Pavement structure experiment system and method for building counterforce foundation for pavement structure experiment system |
| CN103510530A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-01-15 | 合肥工业大学 | Embedded foundation of composite wallboard and implementation method thereof |
| CN105625459A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-06-01 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Concrete-groove-poured linear concrete foundation of separate house |
| CN107558483B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2019-07-26 | 浙江永联建设工程股份有限公司 | A kind of construction method of building foundation that installing wallboard |
| CN107338803B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2019-05-17 | 浙江永联建设工程股份有限公司 | A kind of assembly type building U-type groove basis and its construction method |
| CN107435375B (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2023-04-28 | 庞众 | Civil assembled building |
| CN112196091B (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-09-21 | 福建省锦秋建筑工程有限公司 | Assembled building U-shaped groove foundation and construction method thereof |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI74096B (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1987-08-31 | Raaseporin Tiili Oy | FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV FUNDAMENT FOER EN KONSTRUKTION OCH ETT I FOERFARANDET ANVAENT MELLANSTYCKE. |
| JPH0411118A (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1992-01-16 | Kurosawa Kensetsu Kk | Erecting of pc column on foundation |
| CN1100165A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1995-03-15 | 施皮基建公司 | Pocess for anchoring piles in ground and foundation for anchoring pile with same |
| EP0784127A1 (en) * | 1996-01-10 | 1997-07-16 | Bam Ag | Anchoring element for reinforced concrete constructions |
| JP2007077616A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-29 | Masataka Tanaka | Nonform foundation structure of building |
| CN101818539A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2010-09-01 | 北京万科企业有限公司 | Assembled integral building and construction method thereof |
| CN202440827U (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2012-09-19 | 万华节能建材股份有限公司 | U-shaped groove foundation of prefabricated building |
-
2012
- 2012-02-07 CN CN201210026247.1A patent/CN102535495B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI74096B (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1987-08-31 | Raaseporin Tiili Oy | FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV FUNDAMENT FOER EN KONSTRUKTION OCH ETT I FOERFARANDET ANVAENT MELLANSTYCKE. |
| JPH0411118A (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1992-01-16 | Kurosawa Kensetsu Kk | Erecting of pc column on foundation |
| CN1100165A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1995-03-15 | 施皮基建公司 | Pocess for anchoring piles in ground and foundation for anchoring pile with same |
| EP0784127A1 (en) * | 1996-01-10 | 1997-07-16 | Bam Ag | Anchoring element for reinforced concrete constructions |
| JP2007077616A (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-29 | Masataka Tanaka | Nonform foundation structure of building |
| CN101818539A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2010-09-01 | 北京万科企业有限公司 | Assembled integral building and construction method thereof |
| CN202440827U (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2012-09-19 | 万华节能建材股份有限公司 | U-shaped groove foundation of prefabricated building |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 火山渣混凝土多孔承重墙板房屋装配方式的研究;高娃、敖文秀、魏威炜、穆利和;《新型砌体结构体系与墙体材料—工程应用》;20101231;正文第2页第1-6行 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102535495A (en) | 2012-07-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102535495B (en) | U-shaped groove base for prefabricated building and construction method thereof | |
| CN104631512B (en) | Hang modulus method after-pouring band beam-slab construction method | |
| CN104032870A (en) | Integrally fabricated box-shaped multi-ribbed composite floor | |
| CN103993679B (en) | Low layer assembling combined wall house bolt connection node structure | |
| CN103883034A (en) | Assembled shear wall and wall-beam connecting structure with edge restraining component | |
| CN104405062A (en) | Integrated column-equipped heat preservation wallboard, production and building techniques and matched equipment | |
| CN102261189A (en) | Assembly-cast-in-situ type close column structure used in residential building with shear wall system | |
| CN102477781A (en) | Integrally assembled steel-concrete superposed component and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN103924710A (en) | Steel plate welding node structure of low-layer assembly type composite wall house | |
| CN205712498U (en) | A kind of precast wall body and prefabricated post or the attachment structure of dry wall | |
| CN113338451A (en) | Assembly type structure adaptive to deformed steel pipe column and construction method thereof | |
| CN203834771U (en) | Prefabricated light floor cover plate and industrial building floor plate structure | |
| CN104895221B (en) | Assembled shaped steel confined concrete shear wall structure | |
| CN202787330U (en) | Post-cast strip template | |
| KR100304861B1 (en) | Insulation Precast Concrete Panel | |
| CN206090815U (en) | Prefabricated assembled tube structure public building | |
| CN112814022A (en) | Precast concrete equipment foundation side forms | |
| CN202440827U (en) | U-shaped groove foundation of prefabricated building | |
| CN203530958U (en) | Thin-wall prefabricated overlapped concrete underground diaphragm wall | |
| CN105649259B (en) | A kind of wallboard structural system of the dark framework of band of precast concrete wall panel and its structure | |
| CN203403511U (en) | Steel section reinforced concrete structure based on cold-formed thin-walled steel sections | |
| CN108086523B (en) | Light steel concrete block composite wall and construction method thereof | |
| CN103993672A (en) | Tenon type connecting joint structure of low-rise fabricated composite wall house | |
| CN209873860U (en) | Two-sided coincide side fascia of integral utility tunnel of environment-friendly prefabricated assembly | |
| CN210685110U (en) | Assembled novel bidirectional ribbed profiled steel sheet composite floor |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: YANJIAN GROUP CO., LTD. Effective date: 20121101 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| C53 | Correction of patent of invention or patent application | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: 264000 No. 7 happy South Road, Zhifu District, Shandong, Yantai Applicant after: WANHUA ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGY GROUP Co.,Ltd. Address before: 264000 No. 7 happy South Road, Zhifu District, Shandong, Yantai Applicant before: Wanhua Energy-Saving Building Materials Co.,Ltd. |
|
| COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: APPLICANT; FROM: WANHUA ENERGY SAVING BUILDING MATERIAL CO., LTD. TO: WANHUA ENERGYSAV SCIENCE + TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD. |
|
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20121101 Address after: 264000 No. 7 happy South Road, Zhifu District, Shandong, Yantai Applicant after: WANHUA ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGY GROUP Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: YANJIAN GROUP Co.,Ltd. Address before: 264000 No. 7 happy South Road, Zhifu District, Shandong, Yantai Applicant before: Wanhua Energy-Saving Technology Group Co.,Ltd. |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |