DK150100B - MACHINE FOR CLEANING AND / OR SORTING LOST MATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

in 150100

The invention relates to a machine for cleaning and / or sorting of loose material and comprising at least one cleaning and / or sorting unit with a housing attached to a frame and containing an annular windscreen channel with an outlet to a windscreen chamber and with a loose material spreader mounted in the duct, a rotor in whose upper part a loose material distributor is mounted, a sieve drum connected to the rotor so that it can perform reciprocating motion relative to the rotor, several screen cleaning means in the form of revolving bodies pressed by means of springs against the outside of the sieve drum, a drive means fixed to the frame and adapted to simultaneously give the drum a rotating and a pivoting movement.

Such machines serve to sort various loose materials in the chemical, mining, and pea and food industries, and in particular in the agricultural production for the purification and / or sorting of grain and seeds.

From the U.S.S.R. In inventor's certificate No. 506439, a machine for cleaning and / or sorting loose materials is known. With this machine, the sieve drum and sieves are constructed in one piece and the sieves are attached to the drum. Screening means in the form of revolving bodies are installed on one side of the sieve drum and have a brush-like surface. The sieves are given a swinging motion by means of crank vibrators attached to the machine frame.

The machine is advantageous over other known machines because of both a high throughput capacity and versatility, ie. the ability to sort the material into more than two fractions and to sort the particles by weight. However, the machine has significant disadvantages. The fact that the sieve drum and screens are designed in 150100 2 and that the screens are rigidly connected to the drum significantly complicates the replacement of the screens when they are worn and when it becomes necessary to change for treatment of a sieve. other loose material, and the possibilities for modular design of machines with screen drums with different numbers of screens are very limited.

The use in the machine of only one type of cleaning means, such as a brush cleaner installed only on one side of the sieve drum, reduces the degree of modular construction of machines with different throughput capacity and use.

Something similar applies to a machine according to U.S.A. No. 2 802 570, wherein a cleaning means is also pressed unilaterally spring-loaded against the sieve drum, which causes an elastic deformation of the sieve and a radial displacement relative to the axis of rotation, which in turn disturbs the dynamic equilibrium of the sieve drum, results in random oscillations and inhibits the machine's performance and service life.

It is an object of the invention to provide a machine for cleaning and / or sorting loose material, in which the machine has both the sieve drum and the sieve cleaning means a quiet passage where shock is avoided as far as possible and where the oscillations are stable, 25 so that a significant increase in machine performance and reliability.

This is achieved according to the invention in that the sieve drum is movably connected to the rotor by means of suspension mounted in the upper and lower part of the sieve drum and which has hinges consisting of rings at both ends of which there are bushings of a resilient material into which steel bushings are inserted by means of which one end of each of the suspensions is connected to the sieve drum, while the other end is connected to the rotor, and that the sieve drum's sight means relative to the axis of rotation of the sieve drum are mounted opposite each other.

This results in the fact that the sieve drum can simultaneously rotate about its axis and perform longitudinal oscillations along this axis, since the elastic bushes substantially reduce the transfer of dynamic loads from the sieve drum to the rotor and to the whole machine. By placing the two cleaning means diametrically opposite each other or more cleaning means distributed evenly around the periphery, the force effects from these on the sieve drum are essentially eliminated and any residual force influence can be ignored due to the elasticity of the bushings. The cleaning effect of the cleaning means is increased not only because of the increase in the number of 15 cleaning means, but also by the fact that the sieve drum can rotate and swing longitudinally in a stable manner. The elastic suspension of the sieve drum in the radial direction by means of elastic elements at both ends cooperates with the application of the cleaning means to ensure a stable rotation and an associated improvement in performance and machine life.

The sieve cleaning means preferably comprise a combination of smooth cleaning means and brush cleaning means.

In this way, a significantly more efficient cleaning of the meshes of the sieves is obtained for various particles of the material being separated.

The sight cleaning means preferably has a shaft which is movably supported on an arm, one end of which with a hinge connection is coupled to the housing of the unit, while the other end of the arm is coupled to a shock absorber.

Thereby, a substantial improvement in the stability of the pressure of the cleaning means towards the screen is obtained, so as to promote the cleaning of the masks.

4 150100

The shock absorber may comprise a friction clutch, one element of which is in the form of a cylinder movably coupled to the unit housing, and if said element comprises a curved plate attached to the other end 5 of the arm, the convex side of the curved plate engages with the cylinder and the center of the curved plate coincides with the center of the hinge joint.

This simplifies the construction of the shock absorber and extends its service life.

The sieve drum is preferably internally provided with longitudinal ribs comprising plates disposed about the distributor.

This property eliminates sliding in the tangential direction of the material being separated over the surface of the screen 15, and provides more uniform distribution of the material along the screen periphery.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which 1 is a schematic view of a machine 20 according to the invention for cleaning and / or sorting of dissolved material; FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through a rotor in a unit for cleaning and / or sorting in a machine according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a cross-section of the cleaning and / or sorting unit of a machine according to the invention; FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a hinge connection for supporting a sieve drum on a rotor of a machine according to the invention; and FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a screen masking means showing its attachment to the housing of a machine according to the invention.

The machine for cleaning and / or sorting loose material comprises e.g. two cleaning and / or sorting units 1 (Fig. 1) supported on a common frame 2 and connected to a suction chamber 3. The frame 2 carries drive means 4 for the units 1. The machine according to the invention can also include a single unit 1, as described in more detail below.

5 Each cleaning and / or sorting unit 1 has a housing 5 installed on the frame 2. The upper part of the housing 5 accommodates an annular separating air duct 6 and a spreading member 7 in the form of a cone stub adapted to supply loose materials ·· 10 for the annular channel 6. A rotor 8 is arranged below the separation channel 6 (Figs. 2 and 3) and has a sieve drum 9. Cleaning means 10 and 11 for the sieve drum 9 are installed in the housing 5 outside the sieve drum 9 and engage directly with this one (Figs. 1, 3).

15 At the top of the housing 5 (Fig. 1) there is a pipe 12 for supplying loose material to the spreading means 7.

The walls of the housing 5 have openings 13 for supplying air to the duct 6, and there are outlet passages 14, 15, 16, 17 and latches 18. The housing 5 has a outlet 19 which is 20 connected to the suction chamber 3. The outlet ducts 14 and 15 for each unit, open in manifolds 20 and 21. The suction chamber 3 has inlet ducts 2 with valves 23 and an outlet duct 24 with a valve 25 and a passage 26.

The rotor 8 (Fig. 1) is housed in the housing 5 by means of bearings 27 and 28. The bearing 27 is connected to the housing 5 by means of a cone 29 arranged for supplying loose material to the rotor 8. The rotor 8 ( Figures 1, 2) have an upper shaft 30 attached 30 to a plate 31 and a hollow lower shaft 32 attached to a plate 33. The plates 31 and 33 are interconnected by means of three struts 34 The rotor 8 (Figs. 1, 2, 3) carries the sieve drum 9 by means of suspension 35 with hinge connections 36. The suspensions 35 35 are arranged in sets of three in the upper and lower parts of the sieve drum and ensure transmission of turning movement. to the sieve drum 9, while enabling vertical reprocessing (oscillating) movement of the drum 9.

The sieve drum 9 is of composite construction 5 (Figs. 1, 2, 3) and consists e.g. of three consecutive sections, of which there are two identical sections 37 and one section 38, each section comprising a screen 39 in the form of a rotary body, e.g. a cylinder. The screen 39 (FIG. 2) is preferably supported on support rings 40 and 41 in section 38 and support rings 41 in section 37. Support ring 41 (FIG.

3) may be of a strong and light material and comprise two concentrically arranged rings 42 and 43 interconnected by ribs 44. The inner ring 43 15 has three equally spaced through holes 45 (FIG. 2). , 3). The ring 40 (Fig. 2) can be of the same material and has equally spaced holes 46 similar to the ring 41.

There are hollow spacer struts 47 between the rings 40 and 20 41 (Fig. 2) in the section 38 and between the rings 41 in the section 37 which are disposed next to the holes 46 and 45, respectively.

The hinge connections 36 in the suspensions 35 are disposed between sections 37 and 38 next to the holes 25 45 in the rings 41, and there is a traverse 48 (Figs. 1, 2, 3) between the sections 37 in such a way that holes 49 therein (Figs. 2) aligns with the holes 45 in the support rings 41. The hinge connections 36 in the suspensions 35 are also provided in the lower part of the sieve drum 9 out 30 for the holes 45 in the rings 41. Sections 37 and 38, as well as the hinge connections 36 and the traverse 48 are secured by means. of spaced pull bars 50 extending through the holes 46 in the ring 40, the holes 45 in the rings 41, the hinge joints 36, and the holes 49 in the traverse 48.

7 150100

With this construction of the sieve drum 9, sieve drums with different numbers of screens can be produced in machines for cleaning and / or sorting loose materials with different throughput capacity and use with module sections 37 and 38.

The suspensions 35 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4) comprise a rod with rings 51 at both ends (Fig. 4). The rings take on each side bushes 52 of an elastic, wear-resistant material, such as e.g. rubber or a polyurethane elastomer. In the bushings 52 there are steel bushings 53 through which the pull rods 50 extend at one end of the suspension 35 (Fig. 2), while a strut 54 is firmly connected to the rotor 8 and extends through the steel bushes at the other end. This arrangement for the suspension 35 ensures high reliability during operation while enabling the desired movement of the sieve drums 9.

On the rotor 8 (Fig. 1), blades 55 and 56 are attached and on the sieve drum 9 there are blades 57 and 58 20 (Figs. 1, 2). The blades are arranged to release fractions of material separated outside the unit 1 (Fig. 1).

Between the rings 41 (Fig. 2) of the connection between sections 37 and 38 are gaskets 59 made of an elastic material such as rubber. The screen 39 (Figs. 2, 3) is of composite construction and is divided along the generator "A" (Fig. 2), e.g. in two identical parts I and II (Fig. 3). This construction of the sieve 39 substantially facilitates replacement of the sieve in the sieve drum 9 (Figs. 1, 2, 3). The screen 39 of the machine according to the invention can be made of a large number of parts, e.g. three or four parts depending on the diameter of the screen 39.

In each section 37 and 38 (Fig. 2) there are hollow 35 hangers 60 (Figs. 2, 3) which are firmly connected to rings 40 and 41. The number of hangers 60 must correspond to the number of components of sieve ie "X os II"

The connecting parts 61 (Fig. 3) of the parts I and II of the screens 39 are to be accommodated between walls 60 'and 60 "in the hollow shackles 60. The walls 60' and 60" simultaneously function as reinforcing ribs for parts I and II to improve the radial stiffness. This ensures sealing of the parts I and II by the connections along the generator "A" (Fig. 2) and also substantially prolongs the life by improving the radial stiffness. For more secure retention of parts I and II (Fig. 3), collars 62 are placed on the support rings 40 and 41 (Fig. 2) and in the hollow shackles 60 (Figs. 2, 3).

For cleaning each of the screens 39 (Figs. 2, 3) 15, in combination e.g. two cleaning means 10 and 11 (Figs. 1, 3) arranged diametrically opposite to each other relative to the rotary axis 63 of the sieve drum 9 (Figs. 1, 2).

One of the cleaning means / e.g. the cleaning means 10 (Figures 1, 3) has a smooth surface and the second cleaning element 11 has a surface with brushes. The number of cleaning means of types 10 and 11 may be more than two, e.g. four, depending on the diameter of the screen 39.

The cleaning means 10 and 11 comprise rotating bodies with a shaft 64 (Fig. 5) which is mounted by means of a bearing 65 on an arm 66. One end 66 "of the arm 66 is connected with a hinge connection 67 to a column 68 of a plate 69 firmly connected to the housing 5.

The other end 66 'of arm 66 is coupled to 30 a shock absorber 70 adapted to dampen oscillations of the cleaning means 10 and 11 when oscillations occur during the rotation of the sieve drum 9 (Figs. 1, 2, 3). The shock absorber 70 (Fig. 5) is a friction shock absorber consisting of two elements 71 and 72.

The element 71 is preferably in the form of a cylinder and 9 is associated with a strut 73 and a hinge connection 74 to the plate 69. The element 71 may be of a material such as e.g. polyamide or fluorine plastic.

The element 72 comprises a curved plate of a hard, wear-resistant material and is attached to the end 66 'of the arm 66. The convex side 75 of the element 72 engages with the element 71, and the center "O" of the arc (radius "R" for the arc) of the surface 75 should coincide with the center "0" of the hinge connection 10 67. The surface of the convex side 75 of the element 72 is smooth.

Elements 71 and 72 are pressed against each other by means of a spring 76 which also presses the cleaning means 10 and 11 against the surface of the screens 39 (Figs. 2, 3, 5) 15 by means of a strut 77 attached to the arm 66.

The smooth surface cleaning means 10 (Figs. 1, 3, 5) may comprise e.g. plates 78 (Fig. 5) disposed on shaft 64. The plates are preferably of a wear-resistant material. The brush surface cleaning means (Figs. 1, 3) may also comprise plates 79 (Fig. 3) with elastic brushes 80 attached thereto.

The brushes 80 may be of a wear-resistant plastic.

A distributor 81 (Figs. 1, 2) is firmly connected 25 to the rotor shaft 30 and comprises a cone stub with the largest diameter 82 facing upward. The sieve drum 9 is provided internally with longitudinal ribs 83 (Figs. 1, 2) comprising plates attached to the ring 40 about the distributor 81. This construction of the distributor 30 81 with the ribs 83 ensures uniform supply and distribution of the material which is separated. in the sieve drum 9 (Figs. 1, 2, 3).

To impart rotary motion to the rotor 8 in each unit 1 (Fig. 1), there is on the frame 2 an electric motor 35 84 with a pulley 85 connected through a belt 86 to a pulley 87 on the rotor 8.

150100 ίο

In order to give the sieve drum 9 in each of the rotors 8 (Fig. 1) pivoting movement in the direction of the axis 63, the frame 2 is a YiJ? Itortor 88 with a rotary axis 89 connected to an electric motor 90. A crank 91 on the 5 crankshaft 89 is movably coupled to a rod 92 (Figs. 1, 2) coupled to the traverse 48 by means of a bearing 93. To relieve the crankshaft 89 (Fig. 1) for the weight of the sieve drum 9, the traverse 48 is supported by a spring. 94 connected to the shaft 30 of the rotor 8 (Figs. 1, 2). This ensures transfer of the weight of the sieve drum 9 to the rotor 8.

The machine for cleaning and / or sorting loose materials according to the invention operates as follows.

When the electric motor 84 is started (Fig. 1), the rotor 8 is caused to rotate by means of the belt transmission 86. At the same time, the rotor 8 transmits rotary movement through the suspensions 35 (Figs. 1, 2, 3) to the sieve drum 9. The cleaning means 10 and 11 (Figs. 1, 3) pressed against the screens 39 (Figs. 2, 3) by the sieve drum 9 is also caused to rotate under the action of the frictional forces. As the electric motor 90 is started (Fig. 1), the crankshaft 89 of the vibrator 88 also starts to rotate so that the rod 92 provides pivotal (reciprocating) movement along the axis 63 of the sieve drum 9 through the traverse 48 (Figs. 1, 2).

Loose material to be separated is fed through the pipe 12 (Fig. 1), from which it is fed to the spreading member 7 which rotates together with the rotor 8.

At the same time, a suction fan outside the machine 30 can induce an air flow through the openings 13, the annular duct 6, the outlet 19, the duct 22 to the windscreen chamber 3.

The material to be separated and distributed by the spreading means 7 in the annular duct 6 is blown 35 through the air stream which separates light particles from the windscreen chamber from which they are discharged into the passage 24 and through the valve 25.

After the air treatment, the material to be separated is passed by the cone 29 to the distributor 81 rotating with the rotor 8. The loose material slides radially and tangentially over the inside of the distributor 81, distributing the material evenly over the surface of the ring 40 ( Fig. 2), provided with the ribs 83 which take equal amounts of dissolved material and 10 gives this a rotational speed equal to the rotational speed of the sieve drum 9.

The material to be separated is pressed by the centrifugal force toward the inside of the sieves 39, and the oscillating movement of the sieves cooperates with the weight of the particles to ensure the downward movement of the material along the screen surface. Thus, the finest particles are sieved at the upper sieve *. 39 (Fig. 2), coarser particles at the intermediate sieve 39 and coarser particles at the lower sieve 39. Each fraction of the 20 loose material is dispensed by the wings 58, 57, 56 of the exit passages 14, 15, 16.

The coarsest particles of the material to be separated are obtained after the lower sieve 39 and delivered by the blades 55 in the exit passage 17.

When the loose material is sieved through the screens 39, their masks will often be clogged with particles of loose material. These particles are forced out of the masks by the cleaning means 10 and 11. The installation of the cleaning means 10 and 11 diametrically opposite one another in relation to the rotary axis 63 of the sieve drum 9 presses the cleaning means with fairly strong pressure against the sieve drum and causes an effective cleaning of the masks in the sieve. 39th

The alternating effect of the smooth surface cleaning means 10 35 and the brush cleaning means 11

Claims (5)

A machine for cleaning and / or sorting loose material and comprising at least one cleaning and / or sorting unit with a housing (5) attached to a frame (2) and containing an annular windscreen channel (6) with an outlet (19) for a windscreen chamber (3) and with a loose material spreader (7) mounted in it, a rotor (8), in the upper part of which a loose material distributor (81) is mounted, a sieve drum ( 9), which is connected to the rotor (8) so that it can perform reciprocating motion with respect to the rotor, several sight cleaning means (10, 11) in the form of turning bodies which are pressed against the sieve drum by means of springs (76). (9) exterior, a drive means (84, 90) fixed to the frame, adapted to simultaneously provide the drum with a rotating and a pivoting motion, characterized in that the sieve drum (9) is movably connected to the rotor ( 8) by means of suspension (35) mounted in the upper and lower parts of the sieve drum (9), o g as' 150100 at both ends have hinges (36) consisting of rings (51) in the interior of which are bushings (52) of an elastic material into which steel bushings (53) are inserted, by means of which one end of each of the suspensions (35) 5 is connected to the sieve drum (9), while the other end is connected to the rotor (8) and the sieve cleaning means (10, 11) of the sieve drum (9) relative to the axis of rotation (63) of the sieve drum (9). ) are mounted opposite each other. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel bushes (53) of the hinges (36) are connected to the sieve drum (9) by means of pull rods (50) connecting the sections (37, 38) of the sieve drum (9) and one the ends of the suspensions (35) pass through the interior of the steel bushes (53), while the sections (37, 38.) of the sieve drum (9) are connected to the rotor (8) by means of struts (54) firmly connected to the rotor ( 8) and extends through the steel bushings (53) at the other end of the suspensions (35). Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen cleaning means (10, 11) comprise smooth cleaning means (10) and brush cleaning means (11). Machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each screen cleaning means (10, 11) has a shaft (64) which is movably supported on an arm (66), one end (66 ") of which has a hinge connection ( 67) is coupled to the housing (5) of the unit (1) while the other end (66 ') of the arm is in contact with a shock absorber (70). Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the shock absorber (70) comprises a friction clutch, one element (71) of which is in the form of a cylinder coupled movably to the housing (5) of the unit (1) and the other element (72) comprises a curved plate secured to the other end (66 *) of the arm (66) and