DK141124B - Car guard with supporting posts. - Google Patents
Car guard with supporting posts. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK141124B DK141124B DK505572AA DK505572A DK141124B DK 141124 B DK141124 B DK 141124B DK 505572A A DK505572A A DK 505572AA DK 505572 A DK505572 A DK 505572A DK 141124 B DK141124 B DK 141124B
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- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- rail
- post
- guide rail
- guide
- profile
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
- E01F15/02—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes
- E01F15/04—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes essentially made of longitudinal beams or rigid strips supported above ground at spaced points
- E01F15/0453—Rails of materials other than metal or concrete, e.g. wood, plastics; Rails of different materials, e.g. rubber-faced metal profiles, concrete-filled steel tubes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Description
(11) FREMLÆBGEL8ESSKRIFT 141124 DANMARK ten intci.3 ε οι f 15/00 §(21) Ansøgning rrr. 5055/7-2 (22) Indleveret den 15 · Okt · 1 gyg (23) Løbedag 15· Okt. 1972 (44) Ansøgningen fremlagt og fremlæggelseeskriftet offentliggjort den 21. Jan. 1 98Ο DIREKTORATET FOR M ^ ___ PATENT-OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENET (30) Prioritet beger« fra den(11) PUBLICATION MANUAL 141124 DENMARK ten intci.3 ε οι f § 15/00 (21) Application no. 5055 / 7-2 (22) Filed on 15 · Oct · 1 gyg (23) Race day 15 · Oct 1972 (44) The application submitted and the petition published on 21 Jan. 1 98Ο THE DIRECTORATE OF THE M ^ ___ PATENT AND TRADEMARKET (30) Priority beaker 'from the
15- okt. 1971, 64085, LUOct 15 1971, 64085, LU
(71) ARBED ACIERIES REUNIES DE BURBACH- EICH-DUDELANGE S.A., Avenue de la TJiberte, Luxembourg, LU.(71) ARBED ACIERIES REUNIES DE BURBACH- EICH-DUDELANGE S.A., Avenue de la TJiberte, Luxembourg, LU.
(72) Opfinder: Ernest Glaesener, 25* rue Dominique Lang, Dudelange, LU.(72) Inventor: Ernest Glaesener, 25 * rue Dominique Lang, Dudelange, LU.
(74) Fuldmægtig under sagens behandling:(74) Plenipotentiary in the proceedings:
Ingeniørfirmaet Hofman-Bang & Boutard.Hofman-Bang & Boutard Engineering Company.
(64) Autoværn med bsarestolper.(64) Auto guard with bumper posts.
Opfindelsen angår et autoværn med en styreskinne med hulprofil og skinnen bærende stolper, til opstilling langs med veje, og som dobbeltsidigt autoværn på midterrabatten mellem en motorvejs to modgående vejbaner. Der kendes sådanne autoværn, hvor skinnen har en tilnærmelsesvis U-formet., nedadtil åben hulprofil med to stolperne på hver sin side delvis dækkende profilflige. Hulprofilen er symmetrisk i forhold til sin lodrette akse.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a car guard with a guide rail with a hollow profile and the rail carrying posts, for installation along roads, and as a double-sided car guard on the middle discount between a motorway's two opposite roadways. Such car guards are known in which the rail has an approximately U-shaped downwardly open hole profile with two posts on each side partially covering profile tabs. The hollow profile is symmetrical with respect to its vertical axis.
Ved autoværn af denne type er der, ligesom ved autoværn af en mere almindelig type bestående af i forlængelse af hinanden monterede ren-deformede stålprofilskinner, der med deres ender er fastskruet på i jorden nedrammede eller i beton indstøbte stålstolper, og hvor 2 141124 skinneprofilen ikke er forsat bort fra vejen i forhold til stolperne, fare for, at et med autoværnet kolliderende køretøj, der rammer værnet med stor kraft, med sin forskærm eller med forhjulet støder mod en bærestolpe. På grund af stødet mod stolpen, der er fast indsat i jorden og sædvanligvis forbundet direkte med skinnen, kan køretøjet derved slynges bort fra glideretningen langs med skinnen og bibringes en slingrebevægelse, som kan medføre, at køretøjet vælter. Denne risiko er særlig stor, når skinnen eller planken til forhindring af traversering er anbragt højere end normalt, dvs. når dens maksimale højde over jorden er 700-750 mm i stedet for som sædvanligt 550-600 mm.In the case of auto guard of this type, as in the case of a more common type of guard, consisting of extensely mounted stainless steel profile rails, with their ends fastened to grounded or concrete steel posts, and where the rail profile is not is removed from the road in relation to the posts, the danger of a collision-impacting vehicle hitting the guard with great force, with its foreskin or with the front wheel against a carrier post. Due to the impact on the post which is firmly inserted into the ground and usually connected directly to the rail, the vehicle can thereby be thrown away from the sliding direction along the rail and impart a wobble movement which may cause the vehicle to overturn. This risk is particularly high when the rail or board for preventing traversal is placed higher than normal, ie. when its maximum height above the ground is 700-750 mm instead of the usual 550-600 mm.
Opfindelsen har til formål at tilvejebringe et autoværn af den angivne art, hvis bærestolper og forbindelsessteder mellem bærestolpeme og selve skinnen samt vejrabatten er således udformet, at stolperne, når disse rammes af et køretøj, ikke yder dette nogen nævneværdig modstand og således ikke hindrer køretøjet i at glide langs med skinnen. Dette opnås ved de i krav l's kendetegnende del angivne ejendommeligheder. Herved opnås nemlig, at en bærestolpe, der rammes af et køretøj, f.eks. et automobils forhjul eller forskærm, under indvirkning af stødet skydes ud af den i jorden anbragte fodskinne og således kan undvige i kørselsretningen. På denne måde undgås en for pludselig af-bremsning af køretøjet, hvis kinetiske energi optages optimalt progressivt ved friktion mod autoværnets styreskinne. Man undgår således, at køretøjet brat ændrer sin retning eller standses pludseligt ved berøring med bærestolpen, og at selve styreskinnen trækkes ned mod jorden, idet bærestolpen svinges op. På denne måde bevares autoværnets funktionsdygtighed, især skinnens styreevne fuldt ud.The invention has for its object to provide an auto guard of the specified type, whose supporting posts and connecting points between the supporting posts and the rail itself and the weather discount are designed such that the posts, when struck by a vehicle, do not provide any appreciable resistance and thus do not obstruct the vehicle. to slide along the rail. This is achieved by the properties specified in the characteristic part of claim 1. In this way it is achieved that a supporting post struck by a vehicle, e.g. a front wheel or front fender of an automobile, with the impact of the shock being pushed out of the foot rail placed in the ground and thus can dodge in the direction of travel. In this way, a sudden deceleration of the vehicle is avoided if the kinetic energy is absorbed optimally progressively by friction against the guard rail of the auto guard. Thus, it is avoided that the vehicle abruptly changes its direction or is suddenly stopped by contact with the carrier and that the guide rail itself is pulled down to the ground as the carrier is swung up. In this way, the safety of the auto-guard, especially the steering ability of the rail is fully maintained.
Ved det i krav 2 angivne opnås, at et køretøj, der kører skråt mod en stolpe, kan svinge denne op til næsten vandret stilling og glide langs med stolpen i dennes længderetning på samme måde som køretøjet glider langs med selve styreskinnen, hvorved køretøjets af-bremsning ved stolpen udjævnes yderligere, fordi stolpen i vandret opsvinget stilling har væsentlig større udstrækning i køretøjets glideretning end i sin oprindelige lodrette stilling.In accordance with claim 2, it is achieved that a vehicle traveling obliquely against a pole can swing it up to almost horizontal position and slide along the pole in its longitudinal direction in the same way as the vehicle slides along the guide rail itself, whereby the vehicle braking at the pole is evened out further because the pole in the horizontally flipped position has a significantly greater extent in the direction of sliding of the vehicle than in its original vertical position.
3 uim3 hours
Ved det i krav 3 angivne opnås en særlig sikker, men efter givelig forbindelse mellem styreskinnen og bærestolpen samt en eksakt styring, af stolpen under dens opsvingning, når den rammes af et køretøj .In the claim 3, a particularly secure but satisfactory connection between the guide rail and the carrier post, as well as an exact control, is achieved of the post during its swing when it is hit by a vehicle.
Ved udførelsesformerne ifølge krav 4 og 5, hvor bærestolpemes øvre endepartier er beliggende inden i styreskinnen, svarer autoværnets maksimale bredde kun til selve styreskinnens. Når stolperne ved påkørsel er svinget ind i styreskinnen, vil autoværnet frembyde en glat overflade mod det kolliderende køretøj, hvorved risikoen for alvorlige skader ved påkørsel mindskes yderligere. Udførelsesformen ifølge krav 5 er specielt beregnet til anvendelse som dobbeltsidigt autoværn på midterrabatten mellem en motorvejs to modgående vejbaner.In the embodiments of claims 4 and 5, wherein the upper end portions of the support posts are located within the guide rail, the maximum width of the guardrail corresponds only to that of the guide rail itself. When the poles are swiveled into the guide rail at the collision, the auto-guard will provide a smooth surface against the colliding vehicle, further reducing the risk of serious collision damage. The embodiment of claim 5 is specifically intended for use as a double-sided auto guard on the center disc between a motorway's two opposite lanes.
Ved det i krav 6 angivne sikres en praktisk spilfri, eksakt styring af stolpen i skinnens hulrum, samtidigt med, at stolpen kan svinge med ringe friktion i forhold til skinnen.In accordance with claim 6, a practical, non-playable, precise control of the post in the rail cavity is ensured, while the post can swing with little friction relative to the rail.
Endelig opnås ved det i krav 7 angivne, at stolpen er sikkert forankret i fodskinnen ved statisk belastning, men er let at svinge ud af denne ved stødpåvirkning, selv når fodskinnens hulrum er delvis fyldt med jord. Fodskinnens styre- og støtteflader har hensigtsmæssigt en højde på mellem 100 og 200 mm.Finally, it is achieved by claiming that claim 7 is securely anchored to the foot rail by static loading, but is easy to swing out of it by impact, even when the foot rail cavity is partially filled with soil. Conveniently, the guide rail and support surfaces of the foot rail have a height of between 100 and 200 mm.
I det følgende forklares opfindelsen nærmere ved hjælp af tegningen, hvor fig. 1 i et langsgående snit viser et stykke autoværn ifølge opfindelsen beregnet til opstilling på en motorvejs midterrabat, med en af bærestolperne, og fig. 2 et tværsnit gennem midten af den i fig. 1 viste stolpe.In the following, the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a piece of auto guard according to the invention intended for installation on a highway's middle discount, with one of the supporting posts; and FIG. 2 is a cross-section through the center of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
I den på tegningen viste udførelsesform er autoværnets styreskinne 10 fremstillet af stålplade, der er bukket til dannelse af en nedadtil åben hulprofil med to profilflige, der fra hver sin side dækker den øverste del af bærestolpen, der er betegnet med 20.In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the guard rail 10 of the car guard is made of steel plate which is bent to form a downwardly open hollow profile with two profile tabs, each of which covers the upper part of the support post, which is indicated by 20.
De to profilgrenes ydre flader er foroven og forneden beliggende i betydelig vandret afstand fra stolpen 20's pågældende yderflade. Mellem disse to ydervægdele findes en sikformet fordybning.The outer faces of the two profile branches are located at the top and bottom at a considerable horizontal distance from the outer surface of the post 20. Between these two outer wall parts there is a hollow recess.
4 1411244 141124
Styreskinnens nedadtil åbne profilhulrum er i bærestolpens område foret med en lomme 11 af metalplade, der er fastklæbet til profilhulrummets øvre bundflade 12 og til profilfligenes øverste og ne-derste partier 13· Lommen 11*s sidevægge kan desuden være fastklæbet til profilfligene ved sikkens bund.In addition, the downwardly open profile cavity of the guide rail is lined in the area of the support post with a pocket 11 of metal plate adhered to the upper bottom surface 12 of the profile cavity and to the upper and lower portions of the profile tabs 13 · The side walls of the pocket 11 * may also be adhered to the profile tabs at the bottom of the bag.
Styreskinnens åbne hulprofil kan bestå af tynd, korrosionsbestandig metalplade. Profilens indre kan være forsynet med opskummet plast, der indgår en adhæsionsforbindelse med den med en korrosionsbeskyttelse forsynede metalplades overflade. Ved dette autoværn er bærestolperne, der rager ind i styreskinnens hulrum, placeret i en indbyrdes afstand på over 10 m. Den anvendte metalplade er fortrinsvis varmforzinket stålplade med en vægtykkelse på ca. 1,2 mm.The open hole profile of the guide rail may consist of thin, corrosion-resistant metal plate. The interior of the profile may be provided with foamed plastic which forms an adhesive connection with the surface of a corrosion protection metal plate. In this auto guard, the supporting posts projecting into the guide rail cavity are located at a distance of more than 10 m. The metal plate used is preferably hot-dip galvanized steel plate with a wall thickness of approx. 1.2 mm.
Det opskummede plast består hensigtsmæssigt af polyurethanskum med en vægtfylde på tilnærmelsesvis 50 kg/nr\The foamed plastic is conveniently made of polyurethane foam having a density of approximately 50 kg / no.
Ved fremstillingen af styreskinnen holdes en til optagelse af lommen for bærestolpen bestemt zone i skinnens profilhulrum fri for op-skumningsmasse. Den lomme, der anbringes i denne zone, består af varmeforzinket stålplade med en vægtykkelse på 1,2 mm. Denne metalpladekasse eller lomme indgår en adhæsionsforbindelse med det opskummede fyldmateriale i profilhulrummet og er som nævnt fastklæbet til styreskinnens indre væg på berøringsstederne. Rummet mellem skinnevæggen og lommens væg kan eventuelt i en særlig arbejdsoperation fyldes med et opskummet elastisk eftergiveligt fyldmateriale med større vægtfylde, f.eks. med polyurethanskum med en vægtfylde på tilnærmelsesvis 250 kg/m3. Styreskinneme fremstilles i længder på 16 m og sammenføjes ved sammenklæbning til dannelse af et kontinuerligt skinnelegeme med et tilnærmelsesvis ensartet modstandsmoment.In the manufacture of the guide rail, a zone for accommodating the support for the support post is kept in the profile cavity of the rail free of foam. The pocket placed in this zone consists of a galvanized steel plate with a wall thickness of 1.2 mm. This metal plate box or pocket forms an adhesive connection with the foamed filler material in the profile cavity and, as mentioned, is adhered to the inner wall of the guide rail at the contact points. Optionally, the space between the rail wall and the pocket wall can be filled with a foamed resilient resilient filling material with a higher density, e.g. with polyurethane foam with a density of approximately 250 kg / m3. The guide rails are made in lengths of 16 m and joined together by bonding to form a continuous rail body with an approximately uniform resistance torque.
Bærestolpen 20’s øvre endeparti ligger tæt an mod lommen 11's sidevægge og rager så langt op i lommen, at der mellem stolpens øvre kant og lommens øvre bundvæg kun forbliver en afstand, der er tilstrækkelig stor til at sikre, at stolpen kan svinge frit i skinnens profilhulrum i skinnens længderetning. I den i fig. 1 viste udførelsesform, hvor stolpen har et i tværsnit halvcirkulært øvre endeparti, kan stolpen selvfølgelig endog ligge an mod lommens bundvæg. Stolpens svingningsaksel, 'der er betegnet med 21, er fortrinsvis liggende i højde med profilsikkens centrum, hvor 5 1A1124 skinnen kan være forbundet med stolpen ved hjælp af en gennemgående bolt.The upper end portion of the support post 20 abuts against the sidewalls of the pocket 11 and protrudes so far into the pocket that there remains only a distance between the upper edge of the post and the upper bottom wall of the pocket sufficient to ensure that the post can swing freely in the profile profile cavity in the longitudinal direction of the rail. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, where the post has a semi-circular upper end portion in cross section, the post can of course even abut against the bottom wall of the pocket. The pivot shaft of the post, denoted by 21, is preferably in height with the center of the profile seal, where the rail can be connected to the post by a through bolt.
Selv om det stolpen optagende område i skinnens profilhulrum ved den beskrevne udførelsesform er begrænset af den indlagte metalpladelomme 11, kan denne undværes, især ved autoværn med kun ringe tværgående dimensioner, f.eks. sådanne, der er beregnet til at opstilles på en kørebanes yderside. I så tilfælde tjener slkbunden til fastholdelse af stolpens sidevægge. Er autoværnet ikke beregnet til opstilling på motorvejes midterrabat og udformet symmetrisk i forhold til et langsgående lodret midterplan, men udformet til , opstilling på ydérsiden af en vej med færdsel i begge retninger, strækker lommen eller det område i skinnens profilhulrum, der er fri for opskummet materiale, sig fra stolpens område kun i trafikkens kørselsretning. Ved dobbeltsidige autoværn til opstilling på midterrabatter strækker lommen henholdsvis det for opskuimnet materiale frie område i skinnens profilhulrum sig til begge sider fra stolpens svingningsområde, så at stolpen kan svinge i begge retninger.Although the post-receiving area of the rail profile cavity in the described embodiment is limited by the inserted metal plate pocket 11, this can be avoided, especially in auto-defense with only small transverse dimensions, e.g. those intended to be erected on the outside of a roadway. In this case, the sliding bottom serves to retain the sidewalls of the post. Is not designed to be installed on the middle discount of motorways and designed symmetrically in relation to a longitudinal vertical median plane, but designed to, on the outside of a road with traffic in both directions, extends the pocket or the area of the rail profile cavity which is free of foam material, say from the post area only in the direction of traffic. In the case of double-sided car guards for installation on center discs, the pocket and the foam-free material area of the rail profile cavity, respectively, extend to both sides from the post's swivel area so that the post can swing in both directions.
Har autoværnet en samlet højde på mellem 650 og 750 mm over Jorden, og er bærestolperne ført mellem 100 og 200 mm ned i fodskinnen i Jorden, skal det opskumningsmiddelfrle område i styreskinnens profilhulrum kun strække sig 1000 mm i skinnens længderetning, når stolpen i tilfælde af påkørsler kun svinges i en retning, medens rummets udstrækning 1 skinnens længderetning skal være 2000 mm, såfremt autoværnet skal opstilles på en midterrabat, og stolpen derfor skal kunne svinge i begge retninger.If the guardrail has a total height of between 650 and 750 mm above the Earth, and if the supporting posts are inserted between 100 and 200 mm into the foot rail of the Earth, the anti-foaming area in the guide rail profile cavity should only extend 1000 mm in the longitudinal direction of the rail when the post in case of collisions are only swiveled in one direction, while the extent of the room 1 in the longitudinal direction of the rail must be 2000 mm, if the guardrail is to be mounted on a center rebate and therefore the post must be able to swing in both directions.
Bærestolperne har et rektangulært tværsnit med afrundede kanter og består af et ved hjælp af en fyldmasse afstivet stålhulprofil.The supporting posts have a rectangular cross-section with rounded edges and consist of a steel hollow profile braced by a filler.
Der kan dog også anvendes stolper med en anden tværsnitsform, f.eks. et firkantet, cirkulært eller ovalt tværsnit, idet man foretrækker lukkede profiler.However, posts with a different cross-sectional shape may also be used, e.g. a square, circular or oval cross section, preferring closed profiles.
Den fra styreskinnens indre udragende del af bærestolpen har i en foretrukken udførelsesform reduceret bredde .regnet på tværs af autoværnets længderetning, så at der er et vist spillerum mellem denne stolpedel og skiimeprofilhulrummets vægge, når stolpen svinges ind i hulrummet.The portion projecting from the guide rail inner portion of the support post has, in a preferred embodiment, reduced width, calculated transversely to the longitudinal direction of the guard, so that there is some clearance between this post member and the walls of the ski profile cavity as the post is swung into the cavity.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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LU64085 | 1971-10-15 | ||
LU64085 | 1971-10-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DK141124B true DK141124B (en) | 1980-01-21 |
DK141124C DK141124C (en) | 1980-07-21 |
Family
ID=19726853
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DK505572AA DK141124B (en) | 1971-10-15 | 1972-10-13 | Car guard with supporting posts. |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3784167A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS559483B2 (en) |
AT (1) | AT322613B (en) |
AU (1) | AU4770472A (en) |
BE (1) | BE789989A (en) |
CA (1) | CA975595A (en) |
CH (1) | CH553884A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2158706C3 (en) |
DK (1) | DK141124B (en) |
ES (1) | ES407481A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2157419A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1376370A (en) |
IT (1) | IT966364B (en) |
LU (1) | LU64085A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL178527C (en) |
NO (1) | NO129158B (en) |
SE (1) | SE371231B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA727163B (en) |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US2309041A (en) * | 1940-07-17 | 1943-01-19 | Clyde A Booker | Tower support |
US2536760A (en) * | 1947-01-15 | 1951-01-02 | United Steel Fabricators Inc | Road guard |
US2836476A (en) * | 1957-03-06 | 1958-05-27 | Carter George | Collapsible and extensible table |
US3314658A (en) * | 1964-08-20 | 1967-04-18 | Cornell Aeronautical Labor Inc | Highway barrier |
US3332666A (en) * | 1965-02-08 | 1967-07-25 | Gray James Harvey | Guard rail assembly |
US3704861A (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1972-12-05 | Arbed | Roadway guard-rail assembly |
-
0
- BE BE789989D patent/BE789989A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1971
- 1971-11-26 DE DE2158706A patent/DE2158706C3/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-10-03 CH CH1438372A patent/CH553884A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-10-06 ZA ZA727163A patent/ZA727163B/en unknown
- 1972-10-10 ES ES407481A patent/ES407481A1/en not_active Expired
- 1972-10-11 US US00296653A patent/US3784167A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-10-12 JP JP10164872A patent/JPS559483B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-10-12 FR FR7236093A patent/FR2157419A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-10-12 AU AU47704/72A patent/AU4770472A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-10-13 NL NLAANVRAGE7213893,A patent/NL178527C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-10-13 NO NO03676/72*[A patent/NO129158B/no unknown
- 1972-10-13 GB GB4747572A patent/GB1376370A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-10-13 CA CA154,172A patent/CA975595A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-10-13 DK DK505572AA patent/DK141124B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-10-13 AT AT881572A patent/AT322613B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-10-15 LU LU64085*[A patent/LU64085A1/xx unknown
- 1972-10-16 IT IT53406/72A patent/IT966364B/en active
- 1972-12-12 SE SE7213170A patent/SE371231B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1376370A (en) | 1974-12-04 |
JPS4847141A (en) | 1973-07-04 |
NL178527B (en) | 1985-11-01 |
LU64085A1 (en) | 1973-05-03 |
FR2157419A5 (en) | 1973-06-01 |
AT322613B (en) | 1975-05-26 |
DE2158706B2 (en) | 1974-03-28 |
DK141124C (en) | 1980-07-21 |
DE2158706A1 (en) | 1973-05-03 |
ZA727163B (en) | 1973-06-27 |
JPS559483B2 (en) | 1980-03-10 |
CA975595A (en) | 1975-10-07 |
NL178527C (en) | 1986-04-01 |
AU4770472A (en) | 1974-04-26 |
CH553884A (en) | 1974-09-13 |
SE371231B (en) | 1974-11-11 |
ES407481A1 (en) | 1976-02-01 |
IT966364B (en) | 1974-02-11 |
US3784167A (en) | 1974-01-08 |
BE789989A (en) | 1973-02-01 |
NO129158B (en) | 1974-03-04 |
NL7213893A (en) | 1973-04-17 |
DE2158706C3 (en) | 1974-10-31 |
AU468080B2 (en) | 1975-12-18 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PBP | Patent lapsed |