DE915090C - Process for cementing iron, steel and their alloys - Google Patents

Process for cementing iron, steel and their alloys

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Publication number
DE915090C
DE915090C DEB3543D DEB0003543D DE915090C DE 915090 C DE915090 C DE 915090C DE B3543 D DEB3543 D DE B3543D DE B0003543 D DEB0003543 D DE B0003543D DE 915090 C DE915090 C DE 915090C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
drum
cementation
gas
alloys
steel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEB3543D
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dr Walter Klempt
Albert Staehler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bergwerksverband GmbH
Original Assignee
Bergwerksverband GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bergwerksverband GmbH filed Critical Bergwerksverband GmbH
Priority to DEB3543D priority Critical patent/DE915090C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE915090C publication Critical patent/DE915090C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zum Zementieren von Eisen, Stahl und deren Legierungen Unter den Verfahren zur Zementation von Werkstücken aus Eisen, Stahl und deren Legierungen spielt die Zementation mit Hilfe von Gasen eine große Rolle. Sie ist, wie keine andere Form der Zementation, besonders für Massenware geeignet und besitzt den Vorteil, da.ß die Werkstücke während der ganzen Dauer der Zementationszeit mit frischem Zementationsmittel in Berührung kommen.Method of cementing iron, steel and their alloys sub the process for cementing workpieces made of iron, steel and their alloys cementation with the help of gases plays a major role. She is like none other form of cementation, particularly suitable for mass-produced goods and has the advantage of that the workpieces with fresh cementation agent for the entire duration of the cementation period come into contact.

In der Regel führt man :die Gasaem,entat,ion in von außen auf die Zementationstemperatur erhitzten Retorten od. dgl. aus, die in langsamer Umdrehung gehalten werden, und leitet durch diese das zur Zementation dienende Gas, wie Leuchtgas, Wassergas oder auch Kohlenwasserstoffe, insbesondere Propan, Butan u. dgl. Auch die entsprechenden ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Propylen, Butylen usw., werden, meist in Mischung mit anderen Kohlenwasserstoffen, verwendet. Dem Gasgemisch kann auch Luft in etwa gleicher Menge wie das Zementati@onsgas zugesetzt werden, um eine Erhöhung der Innentemperatur schon beim Gaseintritt zu ;erzielen.As a rule one introduces: the gasaem, entat, ion in from outside to the Cementation temperature heated retorts or the like, which in slow rotation are held, and through this conducts the gas used for cementation, such as luminous gas, Water gas or hydrocarbons, especially propane, butane and the like, too the corresponding unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as propylene, butylene, etc., are mostly used in a mixture with other hydrocarbons. The gas mixture air can also be added in approximately the same amount as the cementation gas, in order to achieve an increase in the internal temperature as soon as the gas enters;

Man hat auch bereits vorgeschlagen, diesen Gasen, die auch in Mischung miteinander verwendet werden können, zur Erhöhung der aufkohlend.en Wirkung stickstoffhaltige Gase zuzusetzen, beispielsweise Ammoniak oder Cyanwasserstoff. Auf diese Weise erreicht man bei gleicher Eindringungstiefe des Krohlenstoffes eine Abkürzung der Zementationszeit bzw. beim Beibehalten der gleichen Zementationsdauer eine größere Eindringungstiefe.It has also already been suggested that these gases also be mixed Can be used together to increase the carbonizing effect of nitrogenous Add gases, for example ammonia or hydrogen cyanide. Achieved this way one with the same penetration depth of the crooked substance is an abbreviation the cementation time or if the same cementation time is maintained, a longer one Penetration depth.

Diese Zusatzgase haben jedoch den Nachteil leichter Zersetzlichkeit bei der Temperatur der Gaszementation, vor ,allem, wenn sie mit metallischem Eisen in Berührung kommen. Die Folge davon ist eine ungleichmäßige Eindringungstiefe des Kohlenstoffes über die Gesamtlänge der Trommel. Diejenigen Werkstücke, welche dem Gaseintritt .am nächsten liegen, zeigereine weit bessere Aufkohlunrg als die an der Gasaustrittsseite befindlichen. Diieser Nachteil macht sich besonders dann bemerkbar, wenn die Trommel mit voller Beschikkung arbeitet oder verhältnismäßig kurze Zementationszeiten in Frage kommen, weil dann eine ausreichende Durchmischung der Werkstücke nicht gewährleistet ist.However, these additional gases have the disadvantage of being easily decomposed at the temperature of gas cementation, especially when using metallic iron come into contact. The consequence of this is an uneven penetration depth of the Carbon over the entire length of the drum. Those workpieces which the Gas inlet. Are closest, show a far better carburization than that located on the gas outlet side. This disadvantage is particularly noticeable when the drum is working at full load or when the cementation times are relatively short come into question because then there is insufficient mixing of the workpieces is guaranteed.

Es wurde nun gefunden, daß man beim diskontinuierlichen Arbeiten mit unter den Zementationsbedingungen leicht zersetzlichen Gasen eine gleichmäßige Aufkohlung der Werkstücke erzielt und damit die vorteilhafte Wirkung dieser Gase voll zur Auswirkung kommen lassen kann, wenn man das Zementationsgasgemisch abwechselnd von der einen und von der anderen Seite zuführt, wobei man die Strömungsrichtung in regelmäßigen oder auch unregelmäßigen Zeitabständen wechselt. Die Abführung der Gase aus der Trommel .erfolgt hierbei jeweils am gegenüberliegenden Ende des Gaseintritts. Die sich im Verlauf ihres Durchganges durch den Trommelofen an den Werkstücken unter Begünstigung der Aufkohlung zersetzenden Gase gelangen hierbei noch in genügender Konzentration bis etwa zur Mitte der Ofenfüllung.It has now been found that when working discontinuously with uniform carburization under the cementation conditions of the workpieces achieved and thus the beneficial effect of these gases to full effect can come, if you alternate the cementation gas mixture from the one and from the other side, the flow direction being regular or changes at irregular intervals. The removal of the gases from the Drum takes place at the opposite end of the gas inlet. the gets under the workpieces as they pass through the drum furnace Gases which decompose carburization are favored in this case to a sufficient extent Concentration up to about the middle of the oven filling.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn man -das zur Zementation dienende Gasgemisch gleichzeitig von beiden Seiten in die mit Werkstüaken beschickte Trommel einführt und die abziehenden Gase aus der Mitte der Trommel abführt. Dies kann. entweder durch ein zentral angebrachtes Rohr geschehen oder mit Hilfe eines in der Mitte der Trommelwand angebrachten Stutzens, wobei der die Trommel umgebende Wärmeschutzmanüel eine Aussparung für den sich mit der Trommel drehen den Abzugsstutzen haben mußoder aus `zwei Teilen besteht, die einen geringen Abstand voneinander haben, um dem sich mitdrehenden Abgangsstutzen Platz zu lassen.It is particularly advantageous if -that is used for cementation Gas mixture simultaneously from both sides into the drum loaded with work pieces introduces and discharges the withdrawing gases from the center of the drum. This can. done either through a centrally mounted pipe or with the help of one in the In the middle of the drum wall attached nozzle, whereby the heat protection jacket surrounding the drum a recess for which the trigger nozzle must rotate with the drum or consists of `two parts, which are a small distance from each other, around which to leave space for the rotating outlet connection.

Um das Gasgemisch, welches die leicht zersetzlichen Zusatzgasse enthält, mit genügender Konzentrationbis zur Mitte der Trommel zu bringen, wendet man, wie weiter gdfunden wurde, das Gemisch in einer stündlichen Menge an, die, in kaltem Zustande gemessen, wenigstens das Achtfache des Inhalts der Trommel beträgt. Hierdurch wird die Geschwindigkeit der Gase so weit gesteigert, daß auch die leicht zersetzlichen temperaturempfindlichen Gasbestandteile bis weit in die Trommel hineingelangen und noch bei ihrem Austritt aus dieser :eine gewisse Konzentration aufweisen. Man ist daher in der Lage, die Länge der Trommel, die bisher wegen der Zersetzlichkeit der Gase beschränkt war, größer zu halten und kann damit bei jeder Beschickung größere Mengen Einsatzgut anwenden.To get the gas mixture, which contains the easily decomposable additional gas, To bring it to the middle of the drum with sufficient concentration, one turns how further found the mixture in an hourly amount of which, in cold Conditions measured is at least eight times the contents of the drum. Through this the speed of the gases is increased so much that the easily decomposable ones are also increased temperature-sensitive gas components reach far into the drum and even when you leave it: have a certain concentration. One is therefore being able to reduce the length of the drum previously used because of the decomposability of the Gases was restricted to hold larger and can therefore be larger with each charge Use quantities of charge.

Die Menge des leicht zersetzlichen Zusatzgases braucht hierbei nicht vermehrt zu werden, man vergrößert vielmehr lediglich die Menge des Trägergases; wie Leuchtgas, Wassergas, Generatorgas u. .dgl.The amount of the easily decomposable additional gas is not required here To be increased, one simply increases the amount of carrier gas; such as coal gas, water gas, generator gas and the like.

Claims (3)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: i. Verfahren zumf Zem,entierenvon Eisen, Stahl und deren Legierungen in einer von außen beheizten, sich drehenden diskontinuierlich betriebenen Einsatztrommel mit Hilfe von Zementationsgasen, die die Trommel durchströmen und sich hierbei unter den Zementationsbedingungen leicht zersetzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zementationsgas abwechselnd von der einen und von der anderen Seite in die Einsatztrommel eingeführt und jeweils an der gegenüberliegenden Seite abgeführt wird. PATENT CLAIMS: i. Process for cementing, removing iron, steel and their alloys in an externally heated, rotating discontinuously operated insert drum with the help of cementation gases that flow through the drum and easily decompose under the cementation conditions, characterized in that that the cementation gas alternately from one side and the other into the Insert drum introduced and removed on the opposite side will. 2. Verfahren zur Zementation von Eisen, Stahl und deren Legierungen in :einer von außen beheizten, sich drehenden diskontinuierlich betriebenen Einsatztrommel mit Hilfe von Zementationsgasen, die die Trommel durchströmen und sich hieAei unter den Zementatvonsbedingungen leicht zersetzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zementationsgas gleichzeitig von beiden Seiten in die Einsatztrommel eingeleitet und aus der Mitte entweder zentral oder durch .einen auf die 'Wandung der Trommel ,aufgesetzten Rohrstutzen abgeführt wird. 2. Process for the cementation of iron, steel and their alloys in: one externally heated, rotating, discontinuously operated insert drum with the help of cementation gases that flow through the drum and below easily decompose under the cementation conditions, characterized in that the cementation gas simultaneously introduced into the insert drum from both sides and from the center either centrally or through a pipe socket placed on the wall of the drum is discharged. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch i oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die stündlich durch die Trommel geführte Zementationsgasmenge in kaltem Zustand gemessen mehr als das Achtfache des Trommelinhalts beträgt. Angezogene Diruckschriften Deutsche Patentschriften Nr. 740414, 518379, 497787, 438675, 535 741, 667695, 214 640, 507 423, 490 359.3. The method according to claim i or 2, characterized in that the hourly amount of cementation gas passed through the drum in the cold state is more than eight times the drum content. Attached directives German patent specifications No. 740414, 518379, 497787, 438675, 535 741, 667695, 214 640, 507 423, 490 359.
DEB3543D 1944-02-08 1944-02-08 Process for cementing iron, steel and their alloys Expired DE915090C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB3543D DE915090C (en) 1944-02-08 1944-02-08 Process for cementing iron, steel and their alloys

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DEB3543D DE915090C (en) 1944-02-08 1944-02-08 Process for cementing iron, steel and their alloys

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DE915090C true DE915090C (en) 1954-08-02

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE952718C (en) * 1951-08-17 1956-11-22 Basf Ag Compensation procedure for long pipes and devices for this
DE1041067B (en) * 1955-12-06 1958-10-16 Elino Ind Ofenbau Carl Hanf & Process for carburizing, nitriding or carbonitriding of steel parts

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE214640C (en) *
DE438675C (en) * 1922-12-28 1926-12-22 Georg Sauber Trough or drum dryer within a boiler room
DE490359C (en) * 1927-02-16 1930-01-27 Hubert Schaffert Inclined drum for rotary tubes, e.g. B. Zementationsoefen, which has screw-shaped transport corridors on the inside
DE497787C (en) * 1926-04-16 1930-05-14 Paul Schirp Device for the step-by-step drying of textiles
DE507423C (en) * 1927-08-13 1930-09-16 Heinrich Gesslein Rotatable insert kiln with a screw feeder device
DE518379C (en) * 1931-02-14 Fritz Haas Drying device for pasty and gelatinous goods, especially moist paints
DE535741C (en) * 1928-04-22 1931-10-16 Paul Schirp Device for the step-by-step drying of textiles
DE667695C (en) * 1934-09-26 1938-11-18 Kurt J Menning Process and device for cooling and degassing dried brown coal
DE740414C (en) * 1937-10-14 1943-10-20 Benno Schilde Maschb Ag Surface hardening of iron and steel by means of gases

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE214640C (en) *
DE518379C (en) * 1931-02-14 Fritz Haas Drying device for pasty and gelatinous goods, especially moist paints
DE438675C (en) * 1922-12-28 1926-12-22 Georg Sauber Trough or drum dryer within a boiler room
DE497787C (en) * 1926-04-16 1930-05-14 Paul Schirp Device for the step-by-step drying of textiles
DE490359C (en) * 1927-02-16 1930-01-27 Hubert Schaffert Inclined drum for rotary tubes, e.g. B. Zementationsoefen, which has screw-shaped transport corridors on the inside
DE507423C (en) * 1927-08-13 1930-09-16 Heinrich Gesslein Rotatable insert kiln with a screw feeder device
DE535741C (en) * 1928-04-22 1931-10-16 Paul Schirp Device for the step-by-step drying of textiles
DE667695C (en) * 1934-09-26 1938-11-18 Kurt J Menning Process and device for cooling and degassing dried brown coal
DE740414C (en) * 1937-10-14 1943-10-20 Benno Schilde Maschb Ag Surface hardening of iron and steel by means of gases

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE952718C (en) * 1951-08-17 1956-11-22 Basf Ag Compensation procedure for long pipes and devices for this
DE1041067B (en) * 1955-12-06 1958-10-16 Elino Ind Ofenbau Carl Hanf & Process for carburizing, nitriding or carbonitriding of steel parts

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