DE851663C - Process for the production of surface layers on optically effective surfaces, e.g. B. glass surfaces - Google Patents
Process for the production of surface layers on optically effective surfaces, e.g. B. glass surfacesInfo
- Publication number
- DE851663C DE851663C DEL746D DEL0000746D DE851663C DE 851663 C DE851663 C DE 851663C DE L746 D DEL746 D DE L746D DE L0000746 D DEL0000746 D DE L0000746D DE 851663 C DE851663 C DE 851663C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- production
- surface layers
- optically effective
- glass
- glass surfaces
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/001—General methods for coating; Devices therefor
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oberflächenschichten auf optisch wirksamen Flächen, z. B. Glasflächen Seit vielen Jahren ist bekannt, daß Oberflächenschichten auf optischen Glasflächen, wie sie durch Verwitterungsvorgänge zuweilen entstehen, unter Umständen das Reflexionsvermögen derFläche vermindern und die Durchlässigkeit erhöhen. Die zur vollkommenen Auslöschung des Reflexes erforderlichen Bedingungen ergeben sich aus der Theorie der Farben dünner Blättchen bzw. der Newtonschen Ringe. Bei senkrechtem Einfall muß erstens die Intensität des von der Vorderseite der Oberflächenschicht reflektierten Lichtes gleich der des von der Rückseite reflektierten sein, d. h.Process for the production of surface layers on optically effective Areas, e.g. B. Glass surfaces It has been known for many years that surface layers on optical glass surfaces, as they sometimes arise through weathering processes, may reduce the reflectivity of the surface and the transmittance raise. The conditions necessary for total extinction of the reflex result from the theory of the colors of thin leaves or Newton's rings. At normal incidence, the first must be the intensity of the from the front of the surface layer reflected light equal to that reflected from the rear side, i.e. H.
) 4212 - - 420 # n2, I und zweitens muß die Phasendifferenz dieser beiden Lichtströme betragen, d. h. (II) Dabei .bedeutet no das Brechungsverhältnis der Luft, 421 das Brechungsverhältnis der Oberflächenschicht, n2 das Brechungsverhältnis des Glases, d die Dicke der Oberflächenschicht und i die Wellenlänge des Lichtes in der Oberflächenschicht.) 4212 - - 420 # n2, I and secondly, the phase difference between these two luminous fluxes must be amount, ie (II) Here, no means the refraction ratio of the air, 421 the refraction ratio of the surface layer, n2 the refraction ratio of the glass, d the thickness of the surface layer and i the wavelength of the light in the surface layer.
In den letzten Jahren sind solche Oberflächenschichten absichtlich und zweckvoll einerseits durch Übereinanderlagern von Seifenhäuten und (zur Herabsetzung des Brechungsverhältnisses) teilweises 'Auswaschen der Fettsäure, andererseits durch Aufdampfen im Hochvakuum von Fluoriden und ähnliehen Stoffen, insbesondere von Magnesiumfluorid (wegen seines kleinen Brechungsverhältnisses) erzeugt worden.In recent years, such surface layers are intentional and expedient on the one hand by superimposing soapy skins and (to reduce of the refraction ratio) partial washing out of the fatty acid, on the other hand through High vacuum vapor deposition of fluorides and the like Fabrics, in particular of magnesium fluoride (because of its small refraction ratio).
Eigene Versuche haben nun entgegen der bisherigen Auffassung ergeben, daß zur Herabsetzung des Reflexionsvermögens auf o,5% die Bedingung (I) nicht annähernd erfüllt zu sein braucht. Auch durch geeignetes Aufbringen von Stoffen, deren Brechungsverhältnis sich nur wenig von dem des Glases unterscheidet, die also nur eine unbedeutende Herabsetzung des Reflexionsvermögens bewirken sollten,- läßt sich dieses unter i % drücken.Our own experiments have now shown, contrary to the previous view, that to lower the reflectance to 0.5% the condition (I) does not come close needs to be fulfilled. Also by suitable application of substances, their refraction ratio differs only slightly from that of the glass, which is only an insignificant one Should bring about a reduction in the reflectivity, - this can be found under i % to press.
Über die Bedeutung der Bedingung (1I) ist eine Entscheidung kaum möglich, da es an Mitteln zu einer einwandfreien Messung der Schichtdeeke fehlt. Zweifelsfrei ist aber auch diese Bedingung nicht so zwingend, wie man bisher geglaubt hat, denn in Wirklichkeit ist der Einfluß der Farbe wesentlich kleiner, als es der der Gleichung (II) zugrunde liegenden bisherigen Auffassung entspricht.A decision about the meaning of condition (1I) is hardly possible, since there is a lack of means for a proper measurement of the layer thickness. Doubtless but this condition is not as compelling as it was previously believed, because in reality the influence of the color is much smaller than that of the equation (II) corresponds to the underlying previous view.
Während bis jetzt die zur Verminderung der Reflexion benutzten Schichten im Hochvakuum, d. h. unter Ausschluß der Mitwirkung von Fremdgas, aufgedampft wurden,haben wir, angeregt durch die schon bekannte Abhängigkeit des Reflexionsvermögens aufgedampfter Metallschichten von dem im Dampfraum herrschenden Druck der Restgase, Aufdampfversuche in Gegenwart von Fremdgasen, z. B. Luft oder Wasserstoff, unternommen. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, daß auch Stoffe, die weit davon entfernt sind, die Bedingung (I) zu erfüllen, unter geeigneten Druckverhältnissen zu einer Verminderung des Reflexionsvermögens bis unter 0,5% führen. Diese neue Methode erweitert erheblich den zur Verminderung der Reflexe geeigneten Kreis von Stoffen und bietet den weiteren Vorteil, daß die besonders im Hinblick auf die Abhängigkeit von Farbe und Einfallswinkel heikle Dickenbedingung erheblich an Bedeutung verliert. Der erforderliche Druck der Fremdgase hängt von der Versuchsanordnung ab, insbesondere von der Lage des Verdampfungsofens zur Auffangfläche. Er ist in Versuchsgefäßen üblicher Laborgröße von der Größenordnung o,i dyn./cmE. Praktisch hat er den richtigen Wert, wenn der Schatten eines in den Dampfraum gebrachten Körpers hei punktförmiger Dampfquelle auf der Auffangfläche einen schwachen Halbschattensaum zeigt. Der Druck muß also einen solchen Wert haben, daß ein mäßiger Bruchteil der Dampfteilchen auf dem Weg vom Ofen zur Auffangfläche mit einem Gasmolekül in Wechselwirkung tritt.While so far the layers used to reduce reflection in high vacuum, d. H. with the exclusion of foreign gas, have been evaporated we, stimulated by the well-known dependence of the reflectivity on vaporized Metal layers from the pressure of the residual gases in the vapor space, vapor deposition tests in the presence of foreign gases, e.g. B. air or hydrogen undertaken. Has it has been shown that even substances that are far from fulfilling condition (I) meet, under suitable pressure conditions to a reduction of the reflectivity lead to below 0.5%. This new method significantly expands the reduction method the reflections suitable circle of substances and offers the further advantage that the Thick thickness condition, especially with regard to the dependence on color and angle of incidence loses its importance considerably. The required pressure of the foreign gases depends on the experimental setup, in particular the position of the evaporation furnace in relation to the collecting surface. In test vessels of the usual laboratory size, it is of the order of 0.1 dyn./cmE. In practice, it has the right value when the shadow of one is brought into the steam room Body hot point-shaped steam source on the collecting surface a weak penumbra shows. The pressure must therefore be of such a value that a moderate fraction of the Vapor particles on their way from the oven to the collecting surface interact with a gas molecule occurs.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEL746D DE851663C (en) | 1939-08-31 | 1939-08-31 | Process for the production of surface layers on optically effective surfaces, e.g. B. glass surfaces |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEL746D DE851663C (en) | 1939-08-31 | 1939-08-31 | Process for the production of surface layers on optically effective surfaces, e.g. B. glass surfaces |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE851663C true DE851663C (en) | 1952-10-06 |
Family
ID=7255031
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEL746D Expired DE851663C (en) | 1939-08-31 | 1939-08-31 | Process for the production of surface layers on optically effective surfaces, e.g. B. glass surfaces |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE851663C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1043436B (en) * | 1956-06-19 | 1958-11-13 | Rollei Werke Franke Heidecke | Process for the production of electrically conductive layers on transparent insulating bodies |
| DE19727223A1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 1999-02-04 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Interference colour modification layer for transparent substrate |
-
1939
- 1939-08-31 DE DEL746D patent/DE851663C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1043436B (en) * | 1956-06-19 | 1958-11-13 | Rollei Werke Franke Heidecke | Process for the production of electrically conductive layers on transparent insulating bodies |
| DE19727223A1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 1999-02-04 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Interference colour modification layer for transparent substrate |
| DE19727223B4 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2005-05-04 | Flabeg Solarglas Gmbh & Co.Kg | Coating for influencing the resulting by reflection on a substrate surface spectral color impression |
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