DE69922530T2 - Weiches seidenpapier - Google Patents
Weiches seidenpapier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE69922530T2 DE69922530T2 DE69922530T DE69922530T DE69922530T2 DE 69922530 T2 DE69922530 T2 DE 69922530T2 DE 69922530 T DE69922530 T DE 69922530T DE 69922530 T DE69922530 T DE 69922530T DE 69922530 T2 DE69922530 T2 DE 69922530T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- tissue
- softening
- group
- web
- tissue paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 189
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 178
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- -1 alkoxylated group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 33
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- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 22
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
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Classifications
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
- C11D17/046—Insoluble free body dispenser
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D1/40—Monoamines or polyamines; Salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D1/645—Mixtures of compounds all of which are cationic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
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- C11D1/74—Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D1/75—Amino oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D1/835—Mixtures of non-ionic with cationic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/049—Cleaning or scouring pads; Wipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/71—Mixtures of material ; Pulp or paper comprising several different materials not incorporated by special processes
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- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/22—Agents rendering paper porous, absorbent or bulky
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
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- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/30—Multi-ply
- D21H27/38—Multi-ply at least one of the sheets having a fibrous composition differing from that of other sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
- C11D1/525—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain two or more hydroxy groups per alkyl group, e.g. R3 being a reducing sugar rest
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
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-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Sanitary Thin Papers (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10437198P | 1998-10-15 | 1998-10-15 | |
| US104371P | 1998-10-15 | ||
| PCT/US1999/023593 WO2000022231A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 1999-10-08 | Soft tissue paper |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE69922530D1 DE69922530D1 (de) | 2005-01-13 |
| DE69922530T2 true DE69922530T2 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
Family
ID=22300148
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69922530T Expired - Lifetime DE69922530T2 (de) | 1998-10-15 | 1999-10-08 | Weiches seidenpapier |
Country Status (22)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6607637B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1121488B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2002527166A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100422209B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1323367A (enExample) |
| AR (1) | AR015560A1 (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE284466T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU753312C (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR9914578B1 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2346338C (enExample) |
| CZ (1) | CZ20011348A3 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69922530T2 (enExample) |
| EG (1) | EG22503A (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2232182T3 (enExample) |
| HU (1) | HUP0103609A3 (enExample) |
| IL (1) | IL142396A0 (enExample) |
| NZ (1) | NZ510926A (enExample) |
| PE (1) | PE20001216A1 (enExample) |
| PL (1) | PL347360A1 (enExample) |
| TR (1) | TR200101079T2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2000022231A1 (enExample) |
| ZA (2) | ZA200102562B (enExample) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| TR200000382T1 (tr) * | 1998-06-12 | 2000-11-21 | Fort James Corporation | Yüksek bir ikincil iç boşluk hacmine sahip bir kağıt ağı yapma yöntemi ve bu işlem ile yapılan ürün |
| US6607637B1 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2003-08-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Soft tissue paper having a softening composition containing bilayer disrupter deposited thereon |
| JP2002173895A (ja) * | 2000-09-25 | 2002-06-21 | Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd | グラビア印刷用紙 |
| US6797117B1 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2004-09-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Low viscosity bilayer disrupted softening composition for tissue paper |
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| US7066006B2 (en) * | 2002-07-02 | 2006-06-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of collecting data relating to attributes of personal care articles and compositions |
| US20040009210A1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-01-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Wound management products incorporating cationic compounds |
| US20040009141A1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2004-01-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Skin cleansing products incorporating cationic compounds |
| US7311853B2 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2007-12-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Paper softening compositions containing quaternary ammonium compound and high levels of free amine and soft tissue paper products comprising said compositions |
| JP2006505637A (ja) | 2002-10-17 | 2006-02-16 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | ティッシュペーパー柔軟化組成物及びこれを含むティッシュペーパー |
| AU2003294383B2 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2007-05-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure comprising a fiber flexibilizing agent system |
| US20060243406A1 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products containing deliquescent materials and non-ionic surfactants |
| US8049060B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2011-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Bulk softened fibrous structures |
| US7582577B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2009-09-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure comprising an oil system |
| US20070048357A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Fibrous wiping products |
| US7744723B2 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2010-06-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structure product with high softness |
| US8455077B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 | 2013-06-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures comprising a region of auxiliary bonding and methods for making same |
| US7987984B2 (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2011-08-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of marketing for absorbent paper products through branded print packaging |
| US9327888B2 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2016-05-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Array of sanitary tissue products |
| US9242775B2 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2016-01-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Array of sanitary tissue products |
| US20080245491A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-10-09 | Thorsten Knobloch | Array of sanitary tissue products |
| US7588662B2 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2009-09-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products containing non-fibrous polymeric surface structures and a topically-applied softening composition |
| US20080230196A1 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Kou-Chang Liu | Softening compositions for treating tissues which retain high rate of absorbency |
| MX2009010586A (es) * | 2007-04-04 | 2009-10-26 | Procter & Gamble | Rollo de producto de papel sanitario. |
| EP2142703A1 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2010-01-13 | Munksjoe Paper, S.A. | Use of an additive for the production of decorative paper |
| US20080271867A1 (en) * | 2007-05-03 | 2008-11-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Soft tissue paper having a chemical softening agent applied onto a surface thereof |
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| US20090056891A1 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Kevin Mitchell Wiwi | Array of paper towel products |
| US7867361B2 (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2011-01-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Soft tissue paper having a polyhydroxy compound applied onto a surface thereof |
| US7972475B2 (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2011-07-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Soft tissue paper having a polyhydroxy compound and lotion applied onto a surface thereof |
| US7988828B2 (en) | 2008-09-29 | 2011-08-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Surface treating tissue webs via patterned spraying |
| CN102002887B (zh) * | 2010-08-20 | 2013-03-20 | 北京联创佳艺影像新材料技术有限公司 | 一种用于装饰纸、艺术纸、宣纸、壁纸、无纺布或水粉纸的处理液 |
| US20120107511A1 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2012-05-03 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Method Of Applying Fugitive Hydrophobic Treatment To Tissue Product |
| US8486427B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2013-07-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Wipe for use with a germicidal solution |
| ITMI20110779A1 (it) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-11-07 | Gruppo Cordenons Spa | Materiale cartaceo ad effetto-sabbia e relativo procedimento di fabbricazione |
| ITMI20110778A1 (it) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-11-07 | Gruppo Cordenons Spa | Materiale cartaceo ad effetto-seta e relativo procedimento di fabbricazione |
| CN102677536A (zh) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-09-19 | 山东轻工业学院 | 一种改善杨木化学浆抄造生活用纸性能的改性剂及改性方法 |
| US8968517B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2015-03-03 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft through air dried tissue |
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| WO2017066465A1 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-20 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions |
| US10538882B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2020-01-21 | Structured I, Llc | Disposable towel produced with large volume surface depressions |
| CN109328166A (zh) | 2015-10-14 | 2019-02-12 | 上品纸制品有限责任公司 | 捆束产品及形成捆束产品的系统和方法 |
| MX2018009679A (es) | 2016-02-11 | 2019-07-04 | Correa o tela que incluye capas poliméricas para una máquina de fabricación de papel. | |
| US20170314206A1 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Soft, low lint, through air dried tissue and method of forming the same |
| WO2018039623A1 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2018-03-01 | Structured I, Llc | Method of producing absorbent structures with high wet strength, absorbency, and softness |
| WO2018049390A1 (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-15 | Structured I, Llc | Former of water laid asset that utilizes a structured fabric as the outer wire |
| US11583489B2 (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2023-02-21 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Flushable wipe and method of forming the same |
| US10619309B2 (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2020-04-14 | Structured I, Llc | Tissue product made using laser engraved structuring belt |
| CA3034832A1 (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-07 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Low lint paper products and methods of making the same |
| US11035078B2 (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2021-06-15 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Low lint multi-ply paper products having a first stratified base sheet and a second stratified base sheet |
| DE102018114748A1 (de) | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-24 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Laminierte Papiermaschinenbespannung |
| US11738927B2 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2023-08-29 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Bundled product and system and method for forming the same |
| US11697538B2 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2023-07-11 | First Quality Tissue, Llc | Bundled product and system and method for forming the same |
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-
1999
- 1999-10-06 US US09/413,578 patent/US6607637B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-08 AU AU64241/99A patent/AU753312C/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-10-08 CN CN99812193A patent/CN1323367A/zh active Pending
- 1999-10-08 EP EP99951898A patent/EP1121488B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-08 AT AT99951898T patent/ATE284466T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-08 JP JP2000576114A patent/JP2002527166A/ja active Pending
- 1999-10-08 HU HU0103609A patent/HUP0103609A3/hu unknown
- 1999-10-08 IL IL14239699A patent/IL142396A0/xx unknown
- 1999-10-08 TR TR2001/01079T patent/TR200101079T2/xx unknown
- 1999-10-08 CA CA002346338A patent/CA2346338C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-08 NZ NZ510926A patent/NZ510926A/en unknown
- 1999-10-08 BR BRPI9914578-2A patent/BR9914578B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-08 ES ES99951898T patent/ES2232182T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-08 PL PL99347360A patent/PL347360A1/xx unknown
- 1999-10-08 CZ CZ20011348A patent/CZ20011348A3/cs unknown
- 1999-10-08 WO PCT/US1999/023593 patent/WO2000022231A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-10-08 DE DE69922530T patent/DE69922530T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-08 KR KR10-2001-7004741A patent/KR100422209B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-14 EG EG128699A patent/EG22503A/xx active
- 1999-10-15 AR ARP990105230A patent/AR015560A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-10-15 PE PE1999001040A patent/PE20001216A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2001
- 2001-03-28 ZA ZA200102562A patent/ZA200102562B/en unknown
- 2001-03-28 ZA ZA200102564A patent/ZA200102564B/en unknown
-
2003
- 2003-05-23 US US10/444,851 patent/US7282116B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-23 US US10/444,844 patent/US6755939B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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