DE69112553T2 - Metallisches werkstück, das nickel-titanlegierung bestehende elemente enthält und dessen herstellung. - Google Patents
Metallisches werkstück, das nickel-titanlegierung bestehende elemente enthält und dessen herstellung.Info
- Publication number
- DE69112553T2 DE69112553T2 DE69112553T DE69112553T DE69112553T2 DE 69112553 T2 DE69112553 T2 DE 69112553T2 DE 69112553 T DE69112553 T DE 69112553T DE 69112553 T DE69112553 T DE 69112553T DE 69112553 T2 DE69112553 T2 DE 69112553T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- alloy
- titanium
- titanium alloy
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe].[Ni] BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZTXONRUJVYXVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium copper Chemical compound [Cr][Cu][Cr] ZTXONRUJVYXVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010002329 Aneurysm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxides Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C5/00—Constructions of non-optical parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/233—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
Landscapes
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Eyeglasses (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2065075A JP2516447B2 (ja) | 1990-03-14 | 1990-03-14 | ニッケル・チタン系合金部品を含むメタルフレ―ム眼鏡、およびその製造方法 |
| JP2065076A JP2563843B2 (ja) | 1990-03-14 | 1990-03-14 | ニッケル・チタン系合金成形材の瞬間接合方法 |
| PCT/JP1991/000339 WO1991013717A1 (fr) | 1990-03-14 | 1991-03-13 | Ouvrage metallique comportant des elements usines d'alliage nickel-titane et production |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE69112553D1 DE69112553D1 (de) | 1995-10-05 |
| DE69112553T2 true DE69112553T2 (de) | 1996-02-22 |
Family
ID=26406214
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69112553T Expired - Lifetime DE69112553T2 (de) | 1990-03-14 | 1991-03-13 | Metallisches werkstück, das nickel-titanlegierung bestehende elemente enthält und dessen herstellung. |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5431506A (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP0477375B1 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR960010511B1 (https=) |
| AT (1) | ATE127053T1 (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE69112553T2 (https=) |
| HK (1) | HK1000462A1 (https=) |
| TW (1) | TW212207B (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO1991013717A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (43)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4314546A1 (de) * | 1992-05-01 | 1994-01-20 | Rodenstock Optik G | Bauteilverbindung insbesondere für Brillenfassungen |
| IT1266386B1 (it) * | 1993-02-08 | 1996-12-30 | F A O M S Snc Di Curto & Longo | Montatura indeformabile per occhiale, ed occhiale particolarmente per bambini cosi' ottenuto |
| MXPA02003827A (es) * | 1999-09-24 | 2004-12-06 | Chic Optic Inc | Dispositivo optico. |
| ITMI20010195A1 (it) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-08-02 | Optigen S R L | Montature per occhiali e/o parti di esse |
| US7082868B2 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2006-08-01 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Lightweight armor with repeat hit and high energy absorption capabilities |
| WO2003023496A1 (en) * | 2001-09-08 | 2003-03-20 | Do-Chan Park | Method and apparatus for manufacturing the rim of a pair of spectacles |
| US6726150B2 (en) * | 2001-12-07 | 2004-04-27 | Daniel Preston | Method and apparatus for stiffener reinforcement of a ram air parachute canopy |
| WO2003053779A2 (en) * | 2001-12-07 | 2003-07-03 | Atair Aerospace, Inc. | Ram air parachute with improved canopy design |
| US7033018B2 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2006-04-25 | Chic Optic Inc. | Eyeglass device |
| US6866730B2 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2005-03-15 | General Motors Corporation | Metallic-based adhesion materials |
| CN100558423C (zh) * | 2003-12-18 | 2009-11-11 | 泰尔茂株式会社 | 导向线 |
| US7796322B2 (en) | 2004-10-08 | 2010-09-14 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Programmable window: a device for controlling the opacity of small-scale areas within a large scale transparent membrane |
| WO2007006055A2 (en) | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-11 | Vascular Pathways Inc. | Intravenous catheter insertion device and method of use |
| JP5139518B2 (ja) | 2007-05-07 | 2013-02-06 | バスキュラー・パスウェイズ・インコーポレイテッド | 静脈カテーテル挿入装置 |
| USD617363S1 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2010-06-08 | Diego Parisi | Rapper sunglasses |
| US11925779B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2024-03-12 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Catheter insertion device including top-mounted advancement components |
| US9872971B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2018-01-23 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Guidewire extension system for a catheter placement device |
| US8932258B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2015-01-13 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Catheter placement device and method |
| US10384039B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2019-08-20 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Catheter insertion device including top-mounted advancement components |
| US9950139B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2018-04-24 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Catheter placement device including guidewire and catheter control elements |
| WO2012069980A2 (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2012-05-31 | Svip 9 Llc | Eyewear device and system |
| US9726902B2 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2017-08-08 | Thinoptics, Inc. | Foldable eyeglasses and case |
| US9081209B2 (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2015-07-14 | Thinoptics, Inc. | Universal eyewear |
| US8690833B2 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2014-04-08 | Vascular Pathways, Inc. | Intravenous catheter and insertion device with reduced blood spatter |
| WO2012154277A1 (en) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-11-15 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Medical component insertion device including a retractable needle |
| USD903101S1 (en) | 2011-05-13 | 2020-11-24 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Catheter |
| CN108607150B (zh) | 2013-01-30 | 2021-01-12 | 血管通路股份有限公司 | 用于静脉穿刺和导管放置的系统和方法 |
| EP3143171B1 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2019-04-10 | General Electric Company | Titanium alloys and their methods of production |
| WO2016037127A1 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Catheter insertion device including retractable needle |
| USD903100S1 (en) | 2015-05-01 | 2020-11-24 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Catheter placement device |
| EP3294380B1 (en) | 2015-05-15 | 2022-03-23 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Catheter insertion device |
| USD805298S1 (en) | 2016-06-10 | 2017-12-19 | Thinoptics, Inc. | Eyeglasses case |
| US10493262B2 (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2019-12-03 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Blood control for a catheter insertion device |
| JP6953541B2 (ja) | 2017-03-01 | 2021-10-27 | シー・アール・バード・インコーポレーテッドＣ Ｒ Ｂａｒｄ Ｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅｄ | カテーテル挿入装置 |
| US11579467B2 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2023-02-14 | Thinoptics, Inc. | Ultra thin folding glasses and storage device |
| US11389626B2 (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2022-07-19 | Bard Access Systems, Inc. | Guidewire advancement and blood flashback systems for a medical device insertion system |
| GB2588031B (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2023-04-19 | Thinoptics Inc | Foldable eyeglasses and case |
| JP2021534434A (ja) | 2018-06-21 | 2021-12-09 | シンオプティクス, インク.Thinoptics, Inc. | 極薄眼鏡 |
| USD921884S1 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2021-06-08 | Bard Access Systems, Inc. | Catheter insertion device |
| CN109080701B (zh) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-06-30 | 四川中物红宇科技有限公司 | 一种用于车桥架表面的合金材料及车桥架 |
| JP7721504B2 (ja) | 2019-08-19 | 2025-08-12 | ベクトン・ディキンソン・アンド・カンパニー | 正中線カテーテル配置デバイス |
| EP4028205A4 (en) * | 2019-09-13 | 2023-10-04 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | METHOD AND DEVICES PRODUCED BY WELDING MOLDING ALLOYS |
| EP4025288A1 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2022-07-13 | Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc. | Intravenous catheter-placement device |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4336312A (en) * | 1980-01-30 | 1982-06-22 | The Garrett Corporation | Weldable nickel base cast alloy for high temperature applications and method |
| JPS58155942A (ja) * | 1982-03-12 | 1983-09-16 | 日立金属株式会社 | 複合材料 |
| US4552284A (en) * | 1982-07-30 | 1985-11-12 | Kidde Consumer Durables Corp. | Cookware bottom wall structure |
| GR79598B (https=) * | 1982-07-30 | 1984-10-31 | Farberware Inc | |
| DE3305106A1 (de) * | 1983-02-15 | 1984-08-16 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn | Verfahren zur herstellung der verbindung der werkstoffe titan und eisen-nickel-legierungen durch diffusionsschweissen mit hilfe von zwischenschichten |
| US4772112A (en) * | 1984-11-30 | 1988-09-20 | Cvi/Beta Ventures, Inc. | Eyeglass frame including shape-memory elements |
| JPS612551A (ja) * | 1985-05-14 | 1986-01-08 | ヤマハ株式会社 | Ｔｉ基メガネフレーム用材料 |
| JPS6245486A (ja) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-02-27 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | クラツド鋼管の製造方法 |
| JPS6284883A (ja) * | 1985-10-08 | 1987-04-18 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Ｔｉ系金属とＮｉ系金属のクラツド材の製造方法 |
| US4952044A (en) * | 1987-04-17 | 1990-08-28 | Sigma Industry Co., Ltd. | Metallic eyeglass frame and method of making the same |
| JP2593088B2 (ja) * | 1988-04-21 | 1997-03-19 | 株式会社トーキン | 眼鏡フレーム及びその製造方法 |
| US5106010A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-04-21 | Chromalloy Gas Turbine Corporation | Welding high-strength nickel base superalloys |
-
1991
- 1991-03-13 AT AT91906272T patent/ATE127053T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-13 WO PCT/JP1991/000339 patent/WO1991013717A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 1991-03-13 EP EP91906272A patent/EP0477375B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-13 US US07/768,241 patent/US5431506A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-13 KR KR1019910701603A patent/KR960010511B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-13 DE DE69112553T patent/DE69112553T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-28 TW TW080106844A patent/TW212207B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-10-29 HK HK97102048A patent/HK1000462A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1991013717A1 (fr) | 1991-09-19 |
| US5431506A (en) | 1995-07-11 |
| DE69112553D1 (de) | 1995-10-05 |
| HK1000462A1 (en) | 1998-03-27 |
| EP0477375A4 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
| KR960010511B1 (ko) | 1996-08-02 |
| KR920700837A (ko) | 1992-08-10 |
| EP0477375A1 (en) | 1992-04-01 |
| TW212207B (https=) | 1993-09-01 |
| EP0477375B1 (en) | 1995-08-30 |
| ATE127053T1 (de) | 1995-09-15 |
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