DE69018648T2 - Papierüberzug. - Google Patents
Papierüberzug.Info
- Publication number
- DE69018648T2 DE69018648T2 DE69018648T DE69018648T DE69018648T2 DE 69018648 T2 DE69018648 T2 DE 69018648T2 DE 69018648 T DE69018648 T DE 69018648T DE 69018648 T DE69018648 T DE 69018648T DE 69018648 T2 DE69018648 T2 DE 69018648T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cationic
- pigment
- paper
- polyelectrolyte
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920001448 anionic polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 58
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 44
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 34
- -1 e.g. Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 9
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical group [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003458 sulfonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/56—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB898927536A GB8927536D0 (en) | 1989-12-06 | 1989-12-06 | Paper coating |
US61344790A | 1990-11-13 | 1990-11-13 | |
PCT/GB1990/001883 WO1991008341A1 (en) | 1989-12-06 | 1990-12-04 | Paper coating |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69018648D1 DE69018648D1 (de) | 1995-05-18 |
DE69018648T2 true DE69018648T2 (de) | 1995-08-10 |
Family
ID=26296317
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69018648T Expired - Fee Related DE69018648T2 (de) | 1989-12-06 | 1990-12-04 | Papierüberzug. |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0504245B1 (no) |
JP (1) | JPH05502484A (no) |
CN (1) | CN1051826C (no) |
AT (1) | ATE121149T1 (no) |
AU (1) | AU647762B2 (no) |
BR (1) | BR9007899A (no) |
CA (1) | CA2072641A1 (no) |
DE (1) | DE69018648T2 (no) |
DK (1) | DK0504245T3 (no) |
ES (1) | ES2070484T3 (no) |
FI (1) | FI101091B (no) |
GB (2) | GB8927536D0 (no) |
NO (1) | NO180598C (no) |
NZ (1) | NZ236353A (no) |
WO (1) | WO1991008341A1 (no) |
ZA (1) | ZA909749B (no) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9200683D0 (en) * | 1992-01-14 | 1992-03-11 | Univ Manchester | Improvements relating to materials |
US5387826A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1995-02-07 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Overvoltage protection against charge leakage in an output driver |
US5406140A (en) * | 1993-06-07 | 1995-04-11 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Voltage translation and overvoltage protection |
US5676748A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1997-10-14 | Columbia River Carbonates | Bulking and opacifying fillers for paper and paper board |
US5653795A (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 1997-08-05 | Columbia River Carbonates | Bulking and opacifying fillers for cellulosic products |
WO1996032449A1 (en) * | 1995-04-11 | 1996-10-17 | Columbia River Carbonates | Bulking and opacifying fillers for cellulosic products |
WO1996032447A1 (en) * | 1995-04-11 | 1996-10-17 | Columbia River Carbonates | Bulking and opacifying fillers for paper and paper board |
AU5324896A (en) * | 1995-04-11 | 1996-10-30 | Columbia River Carbonates | Calcium carbonate pigments for coating paper and paper board |
US5676747A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1997-10-14 | Columbia River Carbonates | Calcium carbonate pigments for coating paper and paper board |
EP0790135A3 (de) * | 1996-01-16 | 1998-12-09 | Haindl Papier Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Druckträgers für das berührungslose Inkjet-Druckverfahren, nach diesem Verfahren hergestelltes Papier und dessen Verwendung |
DE102005057836B3 (de) * | 2005-12-03 | 2007-03-08 | Corvus Beschichtungssysteme Gmbh | Haftungsverbessernde Substanz und Verwendungen für Papier und Selbstdurchschreibepapier, Mikrokapselbeschichtungsmasse für Selbstdurchschreibepapier, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
JP2007163955A (ja) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-28 | Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd | 電子写真用転写紙 |
JP5264661B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-14 | 2013-08-14 | 北越紀州製紙株式会社 | オフセット・グラビア印刷用兼用塗被紙の製造方法 |
DK2447328T3 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2015-03-09 | Omya Int Ag | A method for improving håndterligheden of calcium carbonate-containing materials |
EP2565237B1 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2015-03-18 | Omya International AG | Process for preparing self-binding pigment particle suspensions |
PL2565236T3 (pl) * | 2011-08-31 | 2014-06-30 | Omya Int Ag | Samowiążąca hybryda pigmentu |
SI2662416T1 (sl) * | 2012-05-11 | 2015-10-30 | Omya International Ag | Obdelava kalcijev karbonat vsebujočih snovi za povečanje nalaganja polnila v papirju |
DK2662419T3 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2015-09-07 | Omya Int Ag | Charging Cabinet PhCH |
FI126543B (fi) * | 2013-05-17 | 2017-02-15 | Fp-Pigments Oy | Menetelmä pigmenttejä sisältävän kationisen, korkean kuiva-aineen vesidispersion valmistamiseksi, pigmenttejä käsittävä vesidispersio ja sen käyttö |
JP7131832B2 (ja) | 2016-08-24 | 2022-09-06 | オルガノクリック アーベー | 非水溶性粒子を含むバイオベースの高分子電解質錯体組成物 |
WO2018038670A1 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2018-03-01 | Organoclick Ab | Bio-based polyelectrolyte complex compositions with increased hydrophobicity comprising fatty compounds |
SE1651136A1 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2018-02-25 | Organoclick Ab | Bio-based pec compositions as binders for fiber based materials, textiles, woven and nonwoven materials |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4853405A (en) * | 1987-01-21 | 1989-08-01 | Farmitalia Carlo Erba S.R.L. | Condensed pyrazole derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and use |
GB8701491D0 (en) * | 1987-01-23 | 1987-02-25 | Ecc Int Ltd | Aqueous suspensions of calcium |
-
1989
- 1989-12-06 GB GB898927536A patent/GB8927536D0/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-12-04 AU AU69584/91A patent/AU647762B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-12-04 AT AT91900880T patent/ATE121149T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-04 DK DK91900880.5T patent/DK0504245T3/da active
- 1990-12-04 JP JP3501306A patent/JPH05502484A/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-04 ZA ZA909749A patent/ZA909749B/xx unknown
- 1990-12-04 BR BR909007899A patent/BR9007899A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-04 EP EP91900880A patent/EP0504245B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-04 WO PCT/GB1990/001883 patent/WO1991008341A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-12-04 DE DE69018648T patent/DE69018648T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-04 CA CA002072641A patent/CA2072641A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-12-04 ES ES91900880T patent/ES2070484T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-05 NZ NZ236353A patent/NZ236353A/xx unknown
- 1990-12-06 CN CN90110340A patent/CN1051826C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-04-07 GB GB9207583A patent/GB2253857B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-06-03 FI FI922555A patent/FI101091B/fi active
- 1992-06-04 NO NO922206A patent/NO180598C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0504245A1 (en) | 1992-09-23 |
CA2072641A1 (en) | 1991-06-07 |
WO1991008341A1 (en) | 1991-06-13 |
ZA909749B (en) | 1991-10-30 |
JPH05502484A (ja) | 1993-04-28 |
NZ236353A (en) | 1993-01-27 |
FI922555A0 (fi) | 1992-06-03 |
ES2070484T3 (es) | 1995-06-01 |
DE69018648D1 (de) | 1995-05-18 |
NO922206D0 (no) | 1992-06-04 |
BR9007899A (pt) | 1992-09-15 |
GB2253857A (en) | 1992-09-23 |
FI101091B (fi) | 1998-04-15 |
NO922206L (no) | 1992-06-30 |
EP0504245B1 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
NO180598C (no) | 1997-05-14 |
GB9207583D0 (en) | 1992-06-03 |
ATE121149T1 (de) | 1995-04-15 |
GB2253857B (en) | 1993-08-04 |
CN1051826C (zh) | 2000-04-26 |
CN1052912A (zh) | 1991-07-10 |
AU6958491A (en) | 1991-06-26 |
GB8927536D0 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
AU647762B2 (en) | 1994-03-31 |
FI922555A (fi) | 1992-06-03 |
DK0504245T3 (da) | 1995-09-04 |
NO180598B (no) | 1997-02-03 |
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