DE60137404D1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von handschuhen aus flexiblem kunststoff - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung von handschuhen aus flexiblem kunststoff

Info

Publication number
DE60137404D1
DE60137404D1 DE60137404T DE60137404T DE60137404D1 DE 60137404 D1 DE60137404 D1 DE 60137404D1 DE 60137404 T DE60137404 T DE 60137404T DE 60137404 T DE60137404 T DE 60137404T DE 60137404 D1 DE60137404 D1 DE 60137404D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
former
polymer
layer
latex
foam mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE60137404T
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
James Michael Daniel Woodford
Liong Yu Loo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ansell Healthcare Products LLC
Original Assignee
Ansell Healthcare Products LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ansell Healthcare Products LLC filed Critical Ansell Healthcare Products LLC
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE60137404D1 publication Critical patent/DE60137404D1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/02Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C41/14Dipping a core
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/003Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/022Foaming unrestricted by cavity walls, e.g. without using moulds or using only internal cores
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D19/00Gloves
    • A41D19/0055Plastic or rubber gloves
    • A41D19/0058Three-dimensional gloves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2007/00Use of natural rubber as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0058Liquid or visquous
    • B29K2105/0064Latex, emulsion or dispersion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B29K2105/045Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with open cells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/48Wearing apparel
    • B29L2031/4842Outerwear
    • B29L2031/4864Gloves
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/249988Of about the same composition as, and adjacent to, the void-containing component

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Gloves (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
DE60137404T 2000-02-08 2001-02-08 Verfahren zur herstellung von handschuhen aus flexiblem kunststoff Expired - Lifetime DE60137404D1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MYPI20000428A MY133355A (en) 2000-02-08 2000-02-08 Production of gloves and other articles of flexible polymer material
PCT/AU2001/000125 WO2001058656A1 (en) 2000-02-08 2001-02-08 Production of gloves and other articles of flexible polymer material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE60137404D1 true DE60137404D1 (de) 2009-03-05

Family

ID=19749443

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE60137404T Expired - Lifetime DE60137404D1 (de) 2000-02-08 2001-02-08 Verfahren zur herstellung von handschuhen aus flexiblem kunststoff

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (3) US7048884B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1254002B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2003530236A (enExample)
AT (1) ATE420756T1 (enExample)
AU (1) AU782156B2 (enExample)
DE (1) DE60137404D1 (enExample)
ES (1) ES2319099T3 (enExample)
MY (1) MY133355A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2001058656A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7354424B2 (en) 1998-08-07 2008-04-08 Tamicare Ltd. Protective garment
MY133355A (en) * 2000-02-08 2007-11-30 Ansell Healthcare Prod Inc Production of gloves and other articles of flexible polymer material
US8709573B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2014-04-29 Ansell Healthcare Products Llc Polymer bonded fibrous coating on dipped rubber articles skin contacting external surface
US7037579B2 (en) * 2003-12-19 2006-05-02 Ansell Healthcare Products Llc Polymer composite fibrous coating on dipped rubber articles and method
US9890497B2 (en) 2004-03-31 2018-02-13 A T G Ceylon (Private) Limited Anti-perspirant glove
GB2400051B (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-03-09 John Ward Ceylon Polymeric garment material
US9731319B2 (en) 2004-11-05 2017-08-15 Tamicare Ltd. Stretchable sheets comprising a variety of layers and zones and methods to produce such products
CN101155677B (zh) 2004-11-05 2011-05-11 塔米卡有限公司 制造可延展制品的方法及设备
US7901740B2 (en) 2004-11-05 2011-03-08 Tamicare Ltd. Methods to produce stretchable products
US8353883B2 (en) * 2005-12-15 2013-01-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Elastomeric glove containing a foam donning layer
GB2438930B (en) * 2006-06-07 2011-04-13 C K Europ Ltd Apparatus and method for manufacturing a glove containing electro-magnetically detectable particles
US8499363B2 (en) 2006-07-28 2013-08-06 Shen Wei (Usa) Inc. Elastomeric flexible article with absorbent polymer and manufacturing method
EP2020427A1 (en) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-04 Ampelos Glove and process for manufacturing the same
US7971275B2 (en) * 2008-08-18 2011-07-05 Ansell Healthcare Products Llc Cut resistant damage tolerant chemical and liquid protective glove with enhanced wet and dry grip
US20100266805A1 (en) * 2009-04-17 2010-10-21 Glenoit Llc Latex compositions having improved wash durability and articles containing the same
US20120240308A1 (en) * 2011-03-21 2012-09-27 Ansell Limited Dyed, coated glove and method of making same
AU2013256510B2 (en) * 2012-05-02 2016-12-01 Ansell Healthcare Products Llc Highly absorbant foamed lining
AU2013280209B2 (en) 2012-06-29 2016-10-20 Ansell Healthcare Products Llc Abrasion and cut resistant coating and coated glove
AU2014231759B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2017-04-13 Ansell Limited Breach or contamination indicating article
US11925222B2 (en) 2015-06-19 2024-03-12 Summit Glove Inc. Safety glove with fingertip protective member
WO2015068123A1 (en) * 2013-11-08 2015-05-14 University Of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka A novel process of reducing extractable proteins from natural rubber latex dipped products
CN103535928B (zh) * 2013-11-11 2015-09-16 镇江苏惠乳胶制品有限公司 一种吸汗手套的制备方法
US10350848B2 (en) * 2013-11-26 2019-07-16 Ansell Limited Nitrile/polyurethane polymer blends
US9585426B2 (en) * 2013-11-26 2017-03-07 Ansell Limited Glove having foam lining for sweat management
US10253170B2 (en) * 2014-03-25 2019-04-09 Ansell Limited Polyisoprene/polychloroprene compositions
WO2015143476A1 (en) * 2014-03-25 2015-10-01 Ansell Limited Polymeric gloves having varied thickness
US10065210B2 (en) 2014-06-12 2018-09-04 Ansell Limited Breach or contamination indicating article, optionally with pre-warning indicator
CN111286091A (zh) * 2018-12-10 2020-06-16 江苏金世缘乳胶制品股份有限公司 一种高弹性低密度天然乳胶制品的制备方法
CN113550153A (zh) * 2020-04-24 2021-10-26 霍尼韦尔国际公司 用于织物的分层涂层
US12178268B2 (en) 2022-07-27 2024-12-31 Summit Glove Inc. Protective device for use with a glove

Family Cites Families (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1814473A (en) * 1930-10-02 1931-07-14 Dewey And Almy Chem Comp Colloidal dispersion of plastic compositions such as caoutchouc, gutta percha, balata, artificial rubber (factis), and the like
US2321111A (en) * 1941-01-16 1943-06-08 Int Latex Corp Process for forming foam rubber and products thereof
US2324735A (en) * 1941-01-16 1943-07-20 Abraham N Spanel Composite rubber article and method of producing same
US3608053A (en) * 1969-10-30 1971-09-21 Dart Ind Inc Cured latex article and method of making same
US3968285A (en) * 1971-03-15 1976-07-06 General Latex And Chemical Corporation One-part foamable latex composition
US3945049A (en) * 1972-08-21 1976-03-23 Barlow's Coated Fabrics Limited Protective gloves
US3890261A (en) * 1972-11-09 1975-06-17 Petro Tex Chem Corp High solids chloroprene polymer latex
US3919451A (en) * 1973-07-09 1975-11-11 Rohm & Haas Method for finishing leather and leather substitutes
US3998772A (en) * 1974-09-27 1976-12-21 Alan Beerbower Novel rubber latices and method of producing same
CA1118949A (en) * 1978-04-11 1982-02-23 Ramesh K. Gupta Blended plastomeric and elastomeric rubber latex sponge
US4515851A (en) * 1982-10-25 1985-05-07 Becton, Dickinson And Company Slip resistant surfaces
US4519098A (en) * 1983-06-08 1985-05-28 Becton, Dickinson And Company Wearing apparel and methods for manufacturing of wearing apparel
JPS61275406A (ja) * 1985-05-30 1986-12-05 東和グロ−ブ株式会社 手袋及びその製造方法
GB8519778D0 (en) 1985-08-07 1985-09-11 Ciba Geigy Ag Moulded composites
US4809365A (en) * 1987-04-08 1989-03-07 Becton, Dickinson And Company Glove configuration and method
DE3721766A1 (de) * 1987-07-01 1989-01-12 Bayer Ag Mischungen aus elastomer-latices und dispersionen von aromatischen polycarbonaten, polyestern oder polyestercarbonaten sowie daraus hergestellte produkte
US5138719A (en) * 1988-12-01 1992-08-18 Hutchinson, S.A. Gloves, finger stalls and similar protective and operational articles, and processes for their manufacture
JPH0621364B2 (ja) * 1989-11-20 1994-03-23 月星化成株式会社 耐電性手袋の製造法
US5084514A (en) * 1990-11-14 1992-01-28 Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. Latex gloves with improved donnability
JPH04292644A (ja) * 1991-03-20 1992-10-16 Nitto Denko Corp 多孔質高分子成形品及びその製造法
US5284607A (en) * 1991-11-22 1994-02-08 Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. Process for forming powder-free medical gloves
DE4207897A1 (de) * 1992-03-12 1993-09-16 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Kunststoff-schaum-verbundwerkstoffe
US5438709A (en) * 1992-03-20 1995-08-08 Johnson & Johnson Orthopaedics, Inc. Lubricous gloves and method for making lubricous gloves
KR950701369A (ko) * 1993-03-01 1995-03-23 에이. 제라드 시에크 스퀜셜 공중합체 기재의 장갑
US6075081A (en) * 1997-04-23 2000-06-13 Ansell Healthcare Products Inc. Manufacture of rubber articles
US5883144A (en) * 1994-09-19 1999-03-16 Sentinel Products Corp. Silane-grafted materials for solid and foam applications
WO1996023428A1 (en) * 1995-02-02 1996-08-08 Baxter International Inc. A multiple layered antimicrobial or antiviral glove
US6576633B1 (en) * 1996-02-22 2003-06-10 The Dow Chemical Company Stable liquid antimicrobial suspension compositions containing quarternaries prepared from hexamethylenetetramine and certain halohydrocarbons
JPH09310209A (ja) * 1996-05-20 1997-12-02 Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd ゴム手袋
DE19708451A1 (de) * 1997-03-03 1998-09-10 Basf Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen von dünnwandigen elastischen Formkörpern
WO1999020203A2 (en) * 1997-10-20 1999-04-29 Bio Barrier, Inc. Method of forming a membrane, especially a latex or polymer membrane, including multiple discrete layers
US5998540A (en) * 1998-10-22 1999-12-07 Witco Corporation Polyurethane dispersions useful for preparing thin wall articles
JP2001207314A (ja) * 2000-01-31 2001-08-03 Honny Chem Ind Co Ltd ゴム製手袋及びその製造方法
MY133355A (en) * 2000-02-08 2007-11-30 Ansell Healthcare Prod Inc Production of gloves and other articles of flexible polymer material
US8353883B2 (en) * 2005-12-15 2013-01-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Elastomeric glove containing a foam donning layer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20060179541A1 (en) 2006-08-17
AU3143001A (en) 2001-08-20
EP1254002B1 (en) 2009-01-14
US20030090037A1 (en) 2003-05-15
ATE420756T1 (de) 2009-01-15
US8192834B2 (en) 2012-06-05
JP2003530236A (ja) 2003-10-14
AU782156B2 (en) 2005-07-07
ES2319099T3 (es) 2009-05-04
EP1254002A1 (en) 2002-11-06
WO2001058656A1 (en) 2001-08-16
US7048884B2 (en) 2006-05-23
US20100095429A1 (en) 2010-04-22
EP1254002A4 (en) 2007-05-23
MY133355A (en) 2007-11-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE60137404D1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von handschuhen aus flexiblem kunststoff
ATE325662T1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von hydrophoben oberflächen
DE60203903D1 (de) Verfahren zum herstellen von mehrlagigen schaumstoffgegenständen, sowie dadurch hergestellte gegenstände
DE69700406D1 (de) Statistische poly(oxypropylen/oxyethylen) polyole verwendbar zur herstellung von hochelastischen weichschaumstoffen mit verminderten schrumpfungstendenzen sowie daraus hergestellter schaumstoff
DE69121349D1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polypropylengegenständen mit Häuten und Schaumschicht
RU2006121257A (ru) Полимерное композитное волокносодержащее покрытие на резиновых изделиях, полученных по способу макания, и способ
DE60109289D1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von polyesterharz und daraus hergestelltem formkörper unter verwendung eines masterbatches
DE69938881D1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polyurethan wildlederartigen Elastomerstoff/Verbundwerkstoffs
DE3585207D1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung wenig vernetzter linearer polymerschaeume.
JP2003530236A5 (enExample)
ATE481238T1 (de) Reissfester elastischer film mit niedriger bleibender verformung und verfahren zur herstellung
FI971333A0 (fi) Muovailtavat termoplastiset helmipolymeerivaahdot
ATE195562T1 (de) Zusammengesetzter block und verfahren zur herstellung
DE60104959D1 (de) Thermoplastische elastomerzusammensetzung, daraus hergestellter schaum und verfahren zur schaumherstellung
ATE293716T1 (de) Wässrige urethanharzzusammensetzung zur herstellung von mikrozellularem material , verfahren zur herstellung einer verbundfaserfolie und kunstleder
DE69804622D1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von thiolgruppen-enthaltenden polyorganosiloxanen, mit diesem verfahren hergestellte organopolysiloxane und deren anwendung in gummi
ATE11638T1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von gehoerschutz-stopfen aus kunststoffschaum.
DE50002030D1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung stabilisierter, feindisperser und niedrigviskoser Polymerpolyole mit hohen Gehalt an Styrol oder Styrol-Copolymerisaten
PL359647A1 (en) A textile-elastomer composite preferable for transfer or film coating and method of making said composite
DE60330650D1 (de) Verfahren zur verringerung des restmonomerengehalts und verbesserung der nassfestigkeit von gegenständen aus wasserabsorbierenden schaumförmigen vernetzten polymeren und verwendung davon
DE69726557D1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von modifiziertem Polypropylenharz und daraus hergestellter Schaum
DE602004006773D1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung einer porösen kunststoffolie und kunststoffolie
DE60004231D1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung eines polypropylenschaumstoffs mit integraler haut
ATE393087T1 (de) Vorrichtung, insbesondere sportgerät zum wellenreiten oder dergleichen, und verfahren zur herstellung von faserverbundwerkstoffen
ATE456612T1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung eines modifizierten thermoplastischen polyesterharzes und seiner geschäumten form

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
8364 No opposition during term of opposition