DE4435304C1 - Grey water purification and recycling plant which may be installed in habitable buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The purification plant for a grey water recycling system for habitable locations comprises: collection pipework for grey water (1), pre-sedimentation unit, purification reactor (3), final sedimentation tank (4), UV disinfection unit (10) and distribution system (5) for the cleaned water. An original purification arrangement is used. Grey water is fed to percolate from the top of the reactor (3), which has two or more, stacked identical fixed bed modules (6) on drainage bases (7) with aeration clearance (h) and side air vents (12) between. The height of the beds is <= 1.0 m. The fixed bed (8) particle packing averages 0.1-8 mm dia., the top bed having a larger grading.

Description

The invention relates to a system for cleaning Greywater as part of a greywater recycling system a residential complex with gray water collection line, preliminary clarification direction cleaning reactor clarifier UV-Des infection device and a distribution system for the purified gray water.

The term gray water includes wastewater, which in Housing facilities for body cleaning or clothing laundry arises and is largely free of faeces. Under Gray water is also largely fat-free kitchen to understand waste water. Greywater has one on average chemical oxygen demand (COD) between 100 and 430 mg O₂ per liter and a biological oxygen demand (BSB₅) from 50 to 250 mg O₂ per liter. The term Housing estates generally means facilities in which such gray water arises. In addition to apartments, Residential buildings and office and industrial buildings as well as hotels as well as sports and leisure facilities such as swimming pools, Campsites or allotments. The cleaned gray Water, for example, in the toilet flush, however also for cleaning purposes, for irrigation or for soil water enrichment can be reused. It understands yourself that the greywater recycling system is also within of the respective building, for example in the basement, can be arranged.

The invention relates to a system for cleaning Greywater, which from the lecture "Betriebswasser  use in the household ", seminar" Ecological and economical use of water ", Helmstedt, 22nd to 23rd March 1994. This facility initially consists of a gray water collection line to which the gray water sources are connected to the residential complex. The gray water will through the gray water collection line into a pre-clarifier direction. The pre-clarified gray water flows through a cleaning reactor to break down the impurities a clarifier is connected downstream. The following clarified, cleaned gray water is in a UV disinfection disinfected and for reuse in the residential complex routed to a distribution system. To a greywater Recycling systems are in terms of simple structure, of energy, maintenance and space requirements as well in terms of operational safety and cleaning performance made high demands. Known cleaning reactors for gray water are soil filters, multi-stage Immersion trickling filters and multi-stage trickling filters. The well-known Cleaning reactors meet the above requirements only partially. Soil filters have a high Space requirements so that they are only conditionally in residential complexes can be used. One use is inside the building not possible. Immersion trickling filters are due to the moving immersion trickling body masses, complex construction, maintenance-intensive and have a comparatively high Energy requirements. Because of the low mining performance Plants with immersion trickling filters or trickling filters in several stages are executed and are therefore in terms of space in need of improvement. With trickling filters is because of the inadequate for a single pass of the gray water Cleaning an additional return of the gray water around the individual stages, which is also energy-intensive.  

A cleaning reactor is also known from EP 05 28 786 A1 from at least two fixed bed modules with draining boards known, which are arranged one above the other, the a fixed wastewater percolated and with each subordinate fixed bed module with Ventilation distance from each higher-level fixed bed module is arranged. However, this cleaning reactor will not for gray water, but for sewage containing faeces used. In the known cleaning reactor Fixed bed modules together by two in a mesh basket formed trickling filter formed, which in turn from a coarse filter layer, a fine filter layer and one Assemble the jam layer. Coarse filter layer and fine filter layer are made of lava grass with a grain size formed above or below 1.5 mm. The traffic jam consists of clay minerals. The well-known cleaning reactor is by layering different materials structurally complex within a fixed bed module. Because of the low mining performance is a multi-stage Arrangement with energy-intensive returns over the individual levels required. Because of the traffic jam is in particular in the upper fixed bed module Blockages and corresponding maintenance needs count.

For the rest, from DE 23 25 610 A1 a device for Purification or treatment of raw water, i.e. of  naturally occurring water in its original state, for example surface water such as river water or Groundwater, known. This raw water is, for example prepared for steam generation in high pressure boilers, because of its salinity and acidity without previous cleaning cannot be used. These known device comprises a cleaning reactor which with at least two fixed bed modules with drainer is working. Fixed bed sections can also be used just a single layer of a unified feast bulk material can be used. For a cleaning of This known device is not gray water intended. DD 2 32 033 A1 is also a process for cleaning laundry waste water as a prerequisite for Heat recovery known. This known method works with a gradual filter arrangement Filter elements that have a graduated perforation exhibit. The filter elements can be used for cleaning purposes be replaced. The measures known so far are especially relative to their mining performance relative complex.

The invention has for its object a system for the cleaning of gray water as part of a gray water Recycling systems indicate which one is constructive has a particularly simple cleaning reactor which has an improved mining capacity for the gray water and minimal space, energy and maintenance requirements having.  

The object of the invention is to achieve this object a facility for the purification of gray water in the frame a gray water recycling system of a residential complex with Greywater collection line, primary clarifier, cleaning reactor, clarifier, UV disinfection device and a distribution system for the cleaned Greywater, with the feature that the purification reactor is out at least two fixed bed modules with draining boards that are arranged one above the other, the upper Fixed bed module, the gray water is added percolating and with each subordinate fixed bed module with Ventilation distance (h) from each superordinate fixed bed is arranged module, with the proviso that the amount of Fixed beds is less than 1.0 m and the fixed bed modules are constructed essentially identically as well as on each other are stackable and that the fixed beds by fillings of particles with a diameter between 0.1 and 8 mm are formed and the average particle diameter of the each superordinate fixed bed larger than that of subordinate fixed bed, and the fixed bed modules outside the fixed bed with side air intake openings are provided. Percolating means that Waste water when feeding on the upper fixed bed module Distance covered. - Essential for the invention are mainly the use of the cleaning reactor as well as the associated requirements.  

The invention is based on the knowledge that the EP 05 28 786 known cleaning reactor in a plant for the purification of gray water as part of a gray Water recycling system can be used when the hard embed beds of particles with a Diameters between 0.1 and 8 mm are formed and the  average particle diameter of the parent Fixed bed larger than that of the downstream fixed bed is, and wherein the flow of the lower fixed bed module after Passing through the clarifier in a UV disin infection is disinfected.

The invention is based on the knowledge that the EP 05 28 786 known cleaning reactor in a plant for the purification of gray water as part of a gray Water recycling system can be used when the hard embed beds of particles with a Diameters between 0.1 and 8 mm are formed and the average particle diameter of the parent Fixed bed larger than that of the downstream fixed bed is. Surprisingly, the degradation performance of the cleaning reactor according to the invention for gray water against increased over known trickling filters so that a one-time Passing the gray water is sufficient for cleaning and a energy-intensive return becomes unnecessary. Despite the Poor nutrients and that for biodegradation unfavorable composition of the gray water becomes a achieved excellent cleaning performance. More surprising wise there is no blockage of the fixed bed module Excess sludge on, so that the need for maintenance is minimal. Compared to floor filters and multi-stage Trickling filters and immersion trickling filters is the area requirement  greatly reduced. The cleaning reactor according to the invention does not generate one regardless of load fluctuations rotten, odorless and especially transparent annuity process, which only concerns the germs of a Aftertreatment in a UV disinfection is required in order to hygienic limit values of the EC directive of December 8, 1975 on the quality of bathing water to be observed (76/160 / EEC Official Journal of the EC of Feb. 5, 1976 - L31 / 1). Because of the surprisingly high The process is transparent without UV disinfection further and possible with low energy consumption. It it is understood that the volume of the fixed bed modules Volume flow of the gray water to be cleaned according to the rules to be adapted to the art of wastewater engineering.

There are several in the scope of the invention Opportunities for further training and design. A preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention provides for three fixed bed modules to be arranged one above the other. In a further advantageous embodiment, the Cleaning reactor three fixed beds arranged one above the other module, with the mean particle diameter of the upper fixed bed between 0.1 and 8 mm, that of the middle Fixed bed between 0.1 and 4 mm and the lower fixed bed is between 0.1 and 2 mm. Another beneficial one Embodiment provides that the fixed beds through Fills of sand and / or gravel are formed. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention System is at least between the upper fixed bed module and an intermediate clarifier to the subordinate fixed bed module  device for removing excess sludge arranged. It is also an advantage to have fixed beds by filling with particles of which iron or calcareous aggregates such as Lavalit and / or Shell lime has been added. Another advantageous embodiment provides for the intermediate clarification training facilities so that they are in the stack of Fixed bed modules are stackable. To avoid eventu eller odors, it is still an advantage the upper fixed bed module with a cover with ventilation cover opening. At the ventilation opening can a ventilation line must be connected.

In a multi-family house, the invention System for cleaning gray water from wash basin, shower and washing machine used. The cleaning reactor consisted of three identical fixed bed modules, whereby between the upper and middle fixed bed module Sedimentation basin was arranged. The fixed beds had a height of 0.5 m and were made from a fill Sand formed, the mean grain diameter of the upper fixed bed 5 mm, that of the middle fixed bed 2 mm and that of the lower fixed bed was 1 mm. On average the hydraulic load at 3 m per day, which is one Cleaning performance of  Corresponded to 0.85 m³ of purified gray water per day. The Greywater passed through the reactor only once, i.e. H. on There was no need to provide a return. The plant was running largely maintenance-free and generated regardless of load an odorless, non-rotting process, the BOD₅ was less than 5 mg per liter. Surprisingly the process kept the hygienic after UV disinfection Limit values of the EC guidelines for bathing water. The Base area of the cleaning reactor was 0.28 m² in one Total volume of 0.4 m³. The energy requirement was included 0.164 kWh per m³ of purified gray water. In one Comparative experiment was the same gray water in one trickling filters designed according to the rules of waste water technology cleaned.

The trickling filter had a floor area of 0.502 m² (corresponding to 0.80 m diameter) and a usable one Filling height of 1.80 m. The filling consisted of lava stones according to DIN 19 557 with the grain size 40/80 mm. The trickling filter had to be operated with a three- to four-fold return to achieve a similar cleaning performance. The energy consumption was about 0.50 kWh / m³. At Load fluctuations in the incoming gray water resulted fluctuations in cleaning performance up to 100%, the BOD value of the cleaned gray water down to about 10 mg / l increased. With the same inflow fluctuations more surprising with the newly developed cleaning reactor almost complete cleaning stability despite the given one pass. As a result, the cleaning reactor according to the invention compared to the known  A trickling filter reactor for gray water purification Construction, an increased mining performance as well as a reduced Space, energy and maintenance requirements.

In the following, the invention is based on only one Embodiment representing drawing in more detail explained.

Fig. 1 shows a view of the system according to the invention. The basic structure includes a gray water collection line 1 , a primary clarifier 2 , a cleaning reactor 3 , a secondary clarifier 4 and a distribution system 5 for the cleaned gray water. The greywater is taken from the greywater sources in the residential complex and introduced into the primary clarifier 2 through a greywater collecting line 1 . The primary clarifier 2 is designed as a sedimentation tank in FIG. 1. The pre-clarified gray water is percolated onto the upper fixed bed module 6 of the cleaning reactor 3 . The hydraulic load on the fixed bed module can be set to values between 1.5 and 15 m per day, depending on the quality of the gray water. It goes without saying that the gray water can also be applied intermittently and, if necessary, in the form of flushing bursts. The fixed bed modules 6 have drains 7 . The fixed bed modules 6 are arranged one above the other with a ventilation distance h. In Fig. 1, the fixed bed modules 6 are identical and arranged in a stack of three fixed-bed modules 6, wherein the fixed bed module 6 lateral ventilation openings 12 have, air is sucked by the hydraulic especially at high load, as is indicated in Fig. 1. Between the upper and the middle fixed bed module, an intermediate clarifying device 11 for removing excess sludge is arranged in FIG. 1, which is stacked in the stack of fixed bed modules 6 and in FIG . Fig. 1 shows that the cleaning reactor 3 is run through only once and has no return. The fixed beds 8 of the fixed bed modules 6 are formed by beds of particles 9 . In Fig. 1 is schematically shown that the mean diameter of the particles 9 as is larger in each parent fixed bed 8 in the respective downstream fixed bed 8. The course of the lower fixed bed module 6 is subjected to a clarification in a clarifier 4 , which is shown in FIG. 1 as a sedimentation basin. It is understood that the preliminary, intermediate and final clarification can be realized not only by sedimentation basins, but also by other apparatus, for example by filters. The clarified, cleaned gray water is disinfected in a UV disinfection 10 . A safety device 14 ensures that in the event of insufficient transparency of the gray water, in which the UV disinfection is incomplete, the gray water is drained into the sewage system 13 . The properly disinfected gray water is fed into the distribution system 5 and from there it is reused - for example in the toilet flush. It is understood that at low Grauwasseran case drinking water or, for example, rainwater can be fed into the distribution system by an additional line 15 .

Claims (8)

1. Plant for the purification of gray water as part of a gray water recycling system of a residential complex with gray water collection line ( 1 ), primary clarifier ( 2 ), cleaning reactor ( 3 ), secondary clarifier ( 4 ), UV disinfection device ( 10 ) and one Distribution system ( 5 ) for the purified gray water, with the feature that the
Cleaning reactor ( 3 ) consists of at least two fixed bed modules ( 6 ) with drainer ( 7 ), which are arranged one above the other, with the upper fixed bed module the gray water is percolated and each downstream fixed bed module with ventilation distance (h) from each higher fixed bed module is arranged, with the proviso that the height of the fixed beds ( 8 ) is less than 1.0 m and the fixed bed modules ( 6 ) are constructed essentially identically and can be stacked on top of one another and that the fixed beds ( 8 ) are caused by beds of particles ( 9 ) are formed with a diameter between 0.1 and 8 mm and the mean particle diameter of the respective higher-level fixed bed ( 8 ) is larger than that of the downstream fixed bed ( 8 ), and the fixed bed modules ( 6 ) outside the fixed bed ( 8 ) with lateral Air inlet openings ( 12 ) are provided. 2. Plant according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning reactor ( 3 ) has three fixed bed modules ( 6 ). 3. Plant according to claim 2, wherein the average particle diameter of the upper fixed bed ( 8 ) between 0.1 and 8 mm, the average particle diameter of the central fixed bed ( 8 ) between 0.1 and 4 mm and the average particle diameter of the lower fixed bed ( 8 ) is between 0.1 and 2 mm. 4. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fixed beds ( 8 ) are formed by beds of sand and / or gravel. 5. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least between the upper fixed bed module ( 6 ) and the subordinate fixed bed module ( 6 ) an intermediate clarifying device ( 11 ) is arranged for removing excess sludge. 6. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the intermediate clarifying device ( 11 ) in the stack of fixed bed modules ( 6 ) can be stacked. 7. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the Fillings with iron or calcareous additives are provided. 8. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein on the upper fixed bed module a cover with ventilation opening is arranged.