DE4401033A1 - Wall element for building erection - Google Patents

Abstract

The element consists of interconnected bricks etc. with rectangular or plate-shaped base body. At least part of the bricks consists of cavities (7) with surrounding walls (9) and appropriate layers (11,12). From the front (1) to the rear side (2), or vice versa, the walls are glued in a sandwich-type manner. At least the walls are of inorganic material, and the cavities are interconnected for medium through flow. Pref. the walls are made of a geo-polymer, which may be heat treated for forming a ceramic. The used layers are typically of a foamed material.

Description

The invention relates to a wall element according to the preamble of claim 1.

In the general economic design As is well known, wall elements of building construction must be next to the building physics requirements also assembly and installation aspects equally Take into account how preventive measures Fire protection. The latter means that in the case of extreme The walls are neither exposed to heat may still have toxic effects May release smoldering gases. The classic design on the basis of conventional masonry is through a side by side of mostly mostly structural, Thermally insulating and installation technology effective construction components determined in succession under considerable workload. A wide one The essential feature of this conventional design is a  alongside completely different materials each different building physics, in particular re also wear behavior. In this context for example on the different elasticities of wood, metals and masonry as well as on the under different thermal expansion behavior of masonry and metal len pointed out.

Another disadvantage of the conventional design is in the fact that subsequent changes both with regard to the construction, but also the installation with reasonable effort are often hardly possible. Other On the one hand, industrial prefabrication goes too far complete wall elements also have the disadvantage low user or on-site flexibility yourself.

A particularly advantageous, multifunctional building construction usable material is in the group of geopolymer Materials seen in numerous modifications uses, for example foamed and non-foamed are bar and especially in the unfoamed state in essential the properties of ceramic materials have, however, that for the latter work material group characteristic plant and energy intensive burning process is omitted because this geopolymer Materials in a mold at temperatures below 100 ° C Harden.

These geopolymer materials are known, for example, from DE 32 29 339 C2, DE 33 03 409 C2 or from "Ceramic Matrix for Composites" (Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., Pages 835 to 841). These consist in the starting mixture of a solid mixture of oxides with contents of amorphous S _i O₂ and aluminum oxide in combination with a water-containing amorphous, disperse powdered silica as well as fillers such as heavy spar, zircon sand, mica, waste from bauxite melt, basalt flour, Quartz, feldspar, granite quarry and an aqueous, potassium-potassium potassium silicate solution. From FR 2512806 and FR 2512805 are known in this context as other substances including kaolin, cement and the like. The mass consisting of these components can be introduced into a mold and harden in it. Using a foaming agent, the component produced in this way can also be formed as a foam and has a high thermal and acoustic insulation capacity in this form according to the extent of the porosity set.

It is the object of the invention, a wall element to conceive the genus described at the outset, wel on the one hand, it enables industrial prefabrication light, on the other hand, can be used flexibly on site and in addition to the general building physics requirements preventive fire protection fills. This task is solved with such a tub element by the characteristics of the labeling part of claim 1.

According to the invention, a building block that is in its simplest form a cavity on one side which is followed by at least one layer, which is glued to the walls of the cavity. Of the Cavity is thus on one side of one cuboid or plate-shaped base body and can both or just open on one end be educated. It can be one or more layers follow one another and cavities can also provided on both sides of the base body mentioned  his. The sides of the block on which the There are cavities or those away from these cavities th sides form the front and back, so that such blocks with their remaining pages assembled to form a wall element can be. It can be a wall element ment, but also another structural element of the Building construction, for example a window or door frame act. It is also essential that the building blocks in Frame of a wall element or another Component preferably materially homogeneous with each other are glued, in such a way that from the cavities a continuous composite system is produced, wel ches can be used in a variety of ways. A possible Use is that these cavities are immediate as media line, for example for fresh or Waste water can be used. One can also be considered Use for heating and cooling purposes zenden space, so that in these cavities also Heat transfer medium can flow. In this case, make up the cavities preferably a flat pipe network that has a wall according to the requirements strived for heating power and covered this lei tion network in a circuit of the heat transfer medium is included, via which a heating or cooling of the heat transfer medium in a manner known per se Way takes place. However, the cavities can also to accommodate installation equipment such as pipes, electrical cables and the like can be used. Finally, the cavities can only be used a structural or heat-insulating material to be filled in by the customer if this corresponds to the planned use of the wall element required is. The dimensioning of both the walls of the cavity as well as the layers mentioned, which are preferably made of  consist of the same material, can accordingly desired static and thermal insulation properties of the Module be made. So the result is one building block is available, which is an industrial one Prefabrication is possible, but flexible on site is applicable and at the same time concerns the indoor climate as well as the installation technology equipment of a building.

The features of claims 2 and 3 are based on material Variants regarding the nature of the building stone directed. At least the walls are there then from a geopolymer material that corresponds according to the intended purpose of the respective Cavity foamed but also unfoamed can be. For particularly high requirements resistance to environmental influences this material can also be retrofitted to a high temperature be subjected to treatment, whereby this in all same properties as a ceramic material is coming. Both the walls and those attached to them subsequent layers can be made from a geopolymer Material exist, the layers mentioned before are preferably set to be porous so that wall element made from these building blocks give necessary heat and sound insulation ability. Over intermediate layers of non-foamed geopolymer Material can simultaneously spread moisture can be effectively countered within the wall, see that the building blocks mentioned with appropriate dimensioning bad in the context of wall elements of building construction out, so they can also be used on external walls.

The features of claims 4 to 6 are for another material design, in particular the aforementioned  Layers directed. It is essential that the Outside of the building block - these are the sides which, as part of a wall element, the front and back form, in any case from an anorga African material exist, so that of the wall element In any case, there is no danger from extreme heat effect, for example in the event of a fire. Between layers can thus also be made from an organic Foam material, for example made of polyurethane foam exist, but within the scope of a wall element not appearing on the outside from these building blocks occurs. The geopolymer material can come in many different ways Treated way in the surface area, for example wise through coatings, tiling or planking painting is also an option. An essential Licher further advantage resulting from the above Material results, is that existing on site The building blocks are homogeneous with other panels or the like glued from geopolymer material can be, so that the simplest possibilities for on-site variation of the properties of these Blocks formed wall element exist.

The features of claims 7 and 8 are further design of the cavities mentioned. Essential Lich is hereafter that the cavities to the outside, the means bulged out of the plane of the wall element Have shapes that are particularly useful when using the Cavities for guiding a heat transfer medium in Ver bond with unfoamed walls advantageous are usable in accordance with the requirements of the arched walls enlarged for heat exchange with the surface available to the environment provided. For the sake of simplicity According to the invention, line formation becomes cylindrical  Curvature of at least one of the walls of the cavity proposed, by joining together at the end closed cavities can be produced from these cavities are. If necessary, you can use a wall panel between the bulging cavities or whose walls also remain on the outside areas filled in, in particular material homogeneously with the Material of the walls are foamed to the outside to achieve smooth surfaces on both sides.

As a filling substance for the cavities mentioned basically any, that is also organic Materials, especially foam materials for use come.

The invention is described below with reference to the execution schematically illustrated in the drawings examples will be explained in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a perspective, partially sectioned view of a device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a perspective, partially sectioned illustration of a wall element composed of building blocks according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is a plan sectional view of the wall element of Fig. 2 in a plane III-III;

FIG. 4 is a perspective, partially sectioned illustration of another wall element, partially assembled using components from FIG. 1;

Fig. 5 is a flat sectional view of the Wandungsele element of FIG. 4 in a plane VV.

The module shown in FIG. 1 has a cuboid or plate-like shape globally and its curved front face is designated by 1 and its just-formed rear face is designated by 2 . The side surfaces 3 , 4 and the end faces 5 , 6 are determined in the context of a wall element for connection to other building stones of the same or similar type, which will be discussed in more detail below.

7 designates a cavity which extends in the longitudinal direction, ie parallel to the axis 8 and is delimited towards the front side 1 by a wall 9 which is cylindrically curved with respect to an axis parallel to the axis 8 and otherwise by a flat wall 10 . The walls 9 , 10 are constructed in terms of materials in accordance with the intended use of the cavity 7 , which will be discussed in more detail below. In any case, the walls 9 , 10 are formed from an inorganic material.

To the wall 10 close - looking towards the back 2 - two layers 11 , 12 in succession, the layer 12 on the back 2 forming the final layer. Both layers 11 , 12 can consist of an inorganic material and only differ in their density. Layer 11 is thus foamed and has a lower density than layer 12 . Accordingly, it mainly fulfills a heat and sound insulation function, while the denser layer 12 is more strongly intended to fulfill static functions. In principle, however, an organic foam material, for example based on polyurethane, can also be used in the context of layer 11 . It is essential, however, that the layer facing the outside, here the rear side 2 , is formed from an inorganic material, so that the possibly organic intermediate layer 11 is arranged to be protected from external heat, for example in the event of a fire. The module integrated in a wall element is thus designed to take on structural and heat and sound insulation functions and is also designed with particular regard to preventive fire protection.

As a material in the walls 9 , 10 and the layers 11 , 12 , a geopolymer material is preferably considered, the essential building physics properties such as static strength and thermal insulation are adjusted by structural modification of this material, namely in that it more or less is foamed or compact, ie is not foamed. The connection of these walls or layers is preferably carried out again using a geopolymer material, so that overall the greatest possible material homogeneity is sought. With 13 cross-sectional semicircular grooves are referred to, which can be arranged in the layer 11 facing surface of the layer 12 and in turn define further cavities, which can be used for thermal and acoustic insulation.

If necessary, however, these grooves 13 can also be dispensed with, so that the layers 11 , 12 are connected to one another via smooth adhesive surfaces.

The absolute dimensions of the block are accordingly determined in its function in the context of a building. This can be an outer wall, possibly only a pure partition. The thickness of the individual layers, in particular their density, are dimensioned accordingly, wherein reinforcement elements customary for further reinforcement into the substance of the material, at least one of the layers may optionally be used. A further modification of these properties of the module can be done by using the cavity 7 . For example, this can also be filled with an inorganic material, for example a compact geopolymer material or conventional cement based concrete, if necessary using reinforcing elements, in order to further improve the static load-bearing capacity. However, the cavity 7 can also be used to hold pipes or electrical lines of all kinds. It is essential in this case that the building blocks - seen in the composite of a wall element - are used in such a way that the components joined together over the end faces 5 , 6 enable the formation of a cavity line defined by a plurality of cavities 7 arranged one behind the other.

Another use of the cavities 7 is that they can be used as a liquid line NEN, both for carrying fresh water and process water or wastewater. The liquid management can equally be used in a variety of ways for heat transfer. In this case, the building blocks are arranged in such a way that from the cavities 7 there is a flat line network covering a defined area for a heat transfer medium, which is integrated into a corresponding circuit and can be used for room cooling or room heating in accordance with its temperature. There is also the possibility in this context to use such a large-scale pipeline network in the context of heat pump systems or for the production of solar energy.

If the cavity 7 of a building block is to be used for guiding a heat transfer medium which interacts with the environment, the wall 9 is formed from a compact, ie non-foamed geopolymer material or the like, with the layer 11 providing high thermal insulation in each case , so that it can be formed, for example, from an organic foam material. What is achieved in this way is that heat flow in the direction of the rear side 2 is prevented and that heat exchange processes only take place between the surroundings and the heat transfer medium flowing within the cavity 7 only via the wall 9 . If solar energy is obtained, the absorption can be further improved by appropriate coloring of the walls of the cavity 7 . In all cases in which heat exchange between the surrounding environment on the one hand and the medium flowing within the cavity 7 on the other hand is not required, only the inner surfaces of the walls 9 , 10 are liquid-tight and optionally coated and the walls 9 , 10 can also be foamed.

Finally, the cavities 7 can also be left as such and used for ventilation purposes, possibly in conjunction with a correspondingly sized and arranged blower.

Figs. 2 and 3 show a possible arrangement OF INVENTION dung invention, compared with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 slightly modified building blocks. Their respective sides opposite the cavities 7 only have a layer 14 which consists of an inorganic foam material. The cavities 7 and the walls 9 , 10 delimiting them correspond in all respects to those of FIG. 1 and can in principle be used in a comparable manner. The layers are also glued to the respective walls 10 , in particular using a material-identical adhesive, so that the individual building block appears completely homogeneous in terms of material. In order to form a wall, the building blocks are in turn glued together homogeneously along their side surfaces 3 , 4 and in this way form a substantial wall element. The back 2 of the individual components can in particular the formation of the layers 14 of a geopolymer foam material or a comparable mineral foam material coated in any manner, for example tiled or planked. This back 2 and equally the front side 1 can also be painted in any way.

The geopolymer foam material of the individual components can also by appropriate heat treatment are subsequently ceramized, making this one ceramic materials have the same resistance against all kinds of environmental influences.

In individual cases in which the aspect of preventive fire protection does not play a role, the layers 14 can be formed from an organic foam material.

From such building blocks in the manner of the representations according to FIGS. 2 and 3 composite wall elements may in principle as partitions, with corresponding dimensioning with regard to static and thermal insulation as well as external walls, but also find use NEN under Deckenkonstruktio.

In the wall element according to FIGS. 2 and 3, it has been assumed that the front side 1 is completely equipped with cavities 7 . In this way, the available wall surface can be optimally used, for example, as surface heating. However, applications are also conceivable in which a full use of the wall is not necessary in this sense and FIGS. 4 and 5 show such a modification of a wall element, in which between two components, which in all respects are the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2 and 3 can correspond to such a module, which in turn has a layer 14 of a geopolymer foam material or a comparable inorganic foam material on its rear side 2 , but which is characterized on the front side by the fact that, in accordance with a ceiling 15 which can still be defined by the customer the space between two walls 9 is filled with a filler layer 16 which has a flat, smooth surface 17 toward the front side 1 . The filling layer 16 is preferably be made of a, the material of the Wandun gen 9 materially and structurally identical material, and may be bonded material homogeneously 9 with the facing surfaces of the walls. Such an adhesive bond also exists with respect to layer 14 .

Claims (9)

1. Wall element for building construction, consisting of a single, interconnected building blocks, the building blocks having a cuboid or plate-shaped base body, characterized in that

• - That at least some of the building blocks consist of cavities ( 7 ) surrounding walls ( 9 , 16 ) and other layers ( 11 , 12 ; 14 ),
• - That the walls ( 9 , 16 ) and the other layers ( 11 , 12 ; 14 ) starting from a front side ( 1 ) in the direction of a rear side ( 2 ) and / or vice versa follow one another in sandwich form and are in an adhesive connection,
• - That at least the walls ( 9 , 16 ) consist of an inorganic material and
• - That the cavities ( 7 ) of at least some of the building blocks are connected to one another in a manner that forms a media line or another continuous composite.

2. Wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the walls ( 9 , 16 ) consist of a geopolymer material. 3. Wall element according to claim 2, characterized net that the geopolymer material of a high temperature is subjected to ceramic treatment. 4. Wall element according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the cavities ( 7 ) enclosing walls made of a non-foamed and said layers ( 11 , 12 ; 14 ) consist of a foamed material. 5. Wall element according to one of the preceding An sayings 1 to 4, characterized in that in Frame of the layers mentioned at least partially an organic foam material is used. 6. Wall element according to claim 5, characterized in that the, the front and rear end forming walls ( 9 , 10 ) and / or layers ( 11 , 12 ; 14 ) consist of an inorganic material. 7. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least the, the front ( 1 ) and / or the rear ( 2 ) facing wall ( 9 ) is curved or arched out, and protrudes from the front or back level of the block. 8. Wall element according to claim 7, characterized in that

• - That the wall ( 9 ) is cylindrically curved, namely in accordance with an axis that extends parallel to an edge of the plate-shaped or block-shaped building stone and
• - That the curved wall ( 9 ) - seen in the direction perpendicular to the axis mentioned - preferably extends over the entire width of the block.

9. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cavities ( 7 ) are filled with a thermally insulating, organic or inorganic material.