DE4329219A1 - Equipment for dehumidifying building structures - includes horizontally arranged foil-type body of water impermeable plastic positioned between two superimposed brickwork parts - Google Patents

Abstract

Between the water impermeable plastic body and the brickwork parts are connecting layers, partic. of mortar. An anode (24, 38) is formed by the plastic of a bearer body (25, 39) conductively formed in the area of an upper surface or by a conductive surface of an electrode or by a conductive formation of conductive layers. The anode is connected to a current supply cable (23, 41) which extends in the longitudinal direction of the bearer body (25, 39). With the anode is connected an electro-osmotic dehumidifying unit (20), the minus pole (31) of which is connected to a cathode (33) arranged in a vertical direction beneath the bearer body (25,39). The plastic of the bearer body (25) is a duroplastic, with an elasticity module greater than 25 N/mm2. USE/ADVANTAGE - To dehumidify building structures. Appts. creates an intensive electrical field in the structure to be dried out.

Description

The invention relates to a device and a method as they are in the preamble of claims 1 and 24 are described.

Numerous different devices and methods for draining Walls are in use today. Like from a wall under the title "Moisture" published research work by the Austrian Institute for Building Research (Verlag Straßenbau, Chemie und Technik Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Heidelberg  1967), the following options are distinguished: Measures on the plaster, ventilation processes, dehumidifiers, installation of Sealing layers, pore filling, electroosmotic and other processes. The The present invention belongs to the electroosmotic method, which is why it is short on the theoretical basis according to the above Received publication becomes.

The electroosmotic processes use the appearance of electro osmosis to increase the moisture rising in the capillaries of the masonry brake and push down. At the interface between water and one Solid polarization occurs, whereby on the surface of the solid a negative charge results in a positive charge for the liquid particles. This La Normally, polarization does not appear, but only in an electri In the field there is a migration, whereby the solids (as far as they are mobile are) migrate to the positive anode (also called electrophoresis), the rivers liquid particles, especially when the solid particles are mobile are tending to migrate to the negative cathode.

Since the water z. B. always contains salts in masonry, there is a guide ability, so that one electroplates through appropriate choice of the electrode materials can cause elements that cause the electroosmotic phenomena ken. Disadvantages are signs of corrosion and the limited service life of the electrodes. The advantage is that the facility is maintenance-free.

In the active methods, the electric field is between built-in or on brought electrodes generated by external current. Here, too, can be corrosive Appearances appear, but this problem is today due to the use of graphite or electrically conductive plastics solved.

It is already a device - according to DE-OS 35 41 656 - by the same applicant known in which the towering via an AC voltage supply system Parts of a structure to a positive potential of a low voltage source can be created. The negative potential of the low voltage source is on created a cathode, which is inserted into the earth surrounding the building becomes. Due to the resulting electroosmotic effect, it migrates into the Capillaries of the masonry contain moisture in the direction of the negative Potential cathode, and there is a dehumidification of the wall  works. In order to achieve comprehensive dehumidification, however, extensive measure for installation, especially the one with positive potential lying anode on the masonry required, making this device many can only be provided for the redesign of a building and therefore for renovation of existing structures is too complex.

But it is also a device - according to EP-OS 0 100 845 - of the same Applicant known that by applying an electrical voltage between Elek trode using mesh-shaped supporting bodies of a reinforcement or Supporting element for the electroosmotic movement of polar liquids in porö sen solids, such as masonry or the like. The network shaped support body z. B. used as a plaster base and its electrical conductivity used to indirectly apply a positive potential to the masonry and the cathode applied to the negative potential in the surrounding earth ver anchors and thus brings about the effect of electroosmosis. This ever requires but large-scale adaptations to the building, which are very complex and beyond in addition, often cannot be carried out on buildings worthy of protection.

The present invention is based on the object of a device as well as to create an associated process with which an intensive electrical Field to be built in buildings to be dry or to be kept dry can and with which with a low construction or conversion effort or Installa effort that can be found.

This object of the invention is achieved by the characterizing part of the patent Ches 1 reproduced features solved. The surprising advantage of this solution is that it is now possible to use the anode, which is preferred by the elec trically conductive plastic film can be formed in a slot-shaped, in the Arrange masonry recess. This recess or the Slot can be inexpensively and without we in the accessible area of the masonry substantial destruction of the building fabric and regardless of the nature of the Masonry are made. In addition, a large and in practice horizontal arrangement of the anode and a large-area and intensive elec tric field in the entire masonry towering over the ground. Furthermore, the drying effect or the moisture transport is thereby Electro-osmosis is evenly distributed over a large area, and it can clot up larger amounts of moisture can be transported away from supply voltages.  

Above all, it is now with this moisture insulation according to the invention possible, the positive insights already gained with this type of sania tion, with which, however, always concrete or steel plates or art fabric films were inserted to take advantage of. At the same time, the Possibilities now conductive connecting materials that have a high load-bearing capacity exhibit speed to use, the previous disadvantages of weakening the wall by physically separating the foundation from the entire building plant construction over the entire cross-section. So that enables Application of the method according to the invention in connection with this built electric field a structure in which the masonry is not used Must be completely cut or not a continuous slot made must be, or among other things, of the two opposing be slots in the masonry only penetrate part of the wall thickness are ordered, which can be offset in the vertical direction of the building, so that still a load-bearing core component against lateral displacements between foundation and building structure can be achieved.

Another embodiment variant is described in claim 2, whereby a high stability of the support body with sufficient elasticity achieved is the introduction of the support body between the building or masonry parts facilitated.

However, training according to claim 3 is also advantageous, whereby additional Lich to the conductive layer of the carrier body in particular an insulating or a film with a high diffusion resistance is achieved, which can also easily adapt to unevenness in the slot without being destroyed the.

Furthermore, a particularly advantageous embodiment describes claim 4, where thanks to a support that is very resistant to mechanical loads body is achieved, which has a high resistance to penetration and thus Destruction of the insulation effect and the conductivity for the electrical energy and has a high fatigue strength and still bumps in the Masonry between the two masonry parts can adjust.

However, training according to claim 5 is also advantageous, because it creates a Storage of the liquid extracted from the masonry in the anode or  Moisture insulation film is avoided.

Claim 6 describes an advantageous further development Destruction of the supporting body through chemical reactions in the moisture contained chemical compounds with the plastic of the supporting body the.

However, training according to claim 7 is also possible, as a result of which a high level Resistance to damage to the foil forming the anode by a relative movement from the masonry parts surrounding the film each other, as occurs in settlements, earthquakes, etc.

An advantageous development describes claim 8, whereby a particular effective reinforcement of the supporting body and its fatigue strength is achieved.

However, training according to claim 9 is also possible, since this makes the foil-like support body very simply an uneven support surface gap-free can be fitted and thus costly rework on the masonry introduced slots are avoided. In addition, the Trag bodies are simply embedded in the connection layers.

However, training according to claim 10 is also possible, which makes it possible is to conduct the connecting material in the form of a material mixture with electrical the material particles, e.g. B. graphite to enforce and this mixture of materials un ter pressure so that the between the moisture-impermeable support body and the space remaining in the masonry are filled without voids can be.

However, an embodiment according to claim 11 is also advantageous, whereby a Isolation effect approximately in the size of the specific resistance, as he elek tric lines is based, reached and a leakage current through the Carrier body is effectively prevented through. This will create Secondary fields, for example, between the moisture-insulating support body and possibly in the direction of the desired flow direction of the moisture set direction above the support body arranged lines or the like. ver prevents. This will create a direction opposite to the desired direction of dehumidification  prevents the flow of moisture in a building.

However, an embodiment according to claim 12 is also possible, whereby a cost effective renovation for the masonry areas to be dehumidified is a hollow chamber-free large-area contacting of the to be renovated Masonry parts enabled.

However, training according to claim 13 is also possible, whereby permanent and age-resistant additives for the conductivity of the connecting material can also be buried inexpensively.

But it is also advantageous training according to claim 14, because it rehearsed and technically high-quality materials are used that last a long time Enable the life of the anode. Another advantage of these additional materials lies in the high conductance values, so that with a small amount of additional materials a significant increase in the master value is possible. This means that even with high ability of the mortar does not adversely affect its load-bearing capacity.

Due to the arrangement according to claim 15, the anode through the connection material itself are formed. Furthermore, the thickness of the recess in vertical direction can be kept low, and it is also with thick masonry, where intensive contacting is required, easy insertion of the Connection line possible in the area of the supporting body.

Another embodiment describes claim 16, whereby the support body be designed only with regard to the impermeability to moisture must and therefore advantageously be basically designed as an insulator can. The anode required to build up the electric field then extends over the entire cross-sectional area to be isolated and is intimately connected with the dry construction or masonry parts, so that an intensive field construction between the building to be renovated and the outside of it ordered cathode can be achieved.

A preferred development describes claim 17, which makes it possible is to carry out a short polarity reversal at fixed intervals. This brief polarity reversals allow depolarization of the anode, so that the Electro-osmosis system remains ready for use over a long period of use. Essential  Lich is that the period over which a positive potential at the anode is greater than the period over which a negative potential at the Anode is present. Thus, the time period over which the desired one predominates Liquid flow, i.e. towards the cathode, occurs, and this leads to one orderly transport of moisture towards the cathode.

An embodiment according to claim 18 is also advantageous, as a result of which the current Flow is kept low and high harmful current densities in some areas are to be avoided.

An advantageous further development describes claim 19, because it is long Downtimes and effective continuous operation are achieved and, above all, the worst dangerous oxyhydrogen and aggressive chemical compounds is avoided.

However, an embodiment according to claim 20 is also possible, whereby a permanent, corrosion-free and large-area contacting of the anode is achieved becomes.

However, training according to claim 21 is also advantageous because it does so a portion of about 10 to 50% of the thickness of the masonry parts not with the recess is to be provided, with a sufficiently high residual stability for the Structure given during and after the introduction of moisture insulation is.

A preferred development describes claim 22, which makes it possible is to keep the milling depth for producing the recess small, but by the introduction of the film on both sides in the cross-sectional direction overlaps reach and thus largely prevent moisture from rising.

With a further training variant, as described in patent claim 23 , a particularly resistant support body is achieved, which has a mechanically high strength and is chemically resistant, whereby this in particular in connection with after insertion into the recess in chemically reactive connecting materials , such as B. mortar, multi-component plastic foam, etc. is suitable.

Furthermore, the invention also includes a method as described in the preamble of the patent claim 24 is described.

This method is characterized by the features of claim 24 characterized, which can work with increased voltages, since the Decomposition of the water and thus the formation of hydrogen and oxygen like the deposition of heavy metals, which in turn leads to the destruction of the Building materials would be prevented. Due to the negative voltage share who the substances formed by the electrolytic decomposition, in particular the harmful gases, in reverse reaction during the times of polarity reversal eliminated, although due to the length of time the anode was connected to the positive Po tential the basic moisture flow towards the cathode upright will hold. Furthermore, the process causes excessive moisture penetration of the Masonry below the moisture-impermeable film or the support body because the moisture that accumulates there due to the we Kung the electric field is transported away in the direction of the cathode. Thereby is formed by the moisture-impermeable film or the support body Moisture-isolating effect also supported. It can also be used the period of use or damage occurring during assembly that leads to a Moisture can pass through the film or the support body, out be compared without having to rebuild the entire supporting body. Above all, this is particularly important if this damage takes a long time Service life of the method according to the invention on the film or the support body per occur, for example, through settlements or the like. On the other hand, with a very low energy for the electric field of electroosmotic dehumidification Facility can be found as a major part of the high-rising damp action by the film or the support body when climbing to a higher altitude Masonry parts is prevented. This creates a spatially intense electrical Field built up, the field strength by the spatial expansion of the field can be kept low. Likewise, there will be a slight transition resistance achieved, which means low power output for the effective Operation of the process is sufficient and thus an economical process for Dehumidification of masonry parts is achieved.

A method according to claim 25 is also advantageous formation of a pulsating direct current and the short polarity reversal of the Sy The passivation of the electrodes can also be counteracted the.  

Advantageous further method steps are described in claim 26. There by raising the mean voltage potential to the positive range, without additional switching and / or regulating devices being required.

Another advantageous procedure describes claim 27 because there can be distributed over a larger area by the electric field and a uniform field structure is achieved.

However, a method as described in claim 28 is also advantageous, because it is very resistant, trouble-free and corrosion-resistant final elements can be achieved.

For a better understanding of the invention, it is described below with reference to the in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

Show it:

Figure 1 is a multi-storey building with a dehumidifying device according to the invention in side view, sectioned and very simple ver schematic representation.

Figure 2 shows a portion of a building with the dehumidifying device according to the invention in a diagrammatic representation, cut.

Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the dehumidifying device according to the invention in side view, cut;

Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the dehumidifying device according to the invention in side view, cut;

Figure 5 shows another further development of a dehumidifying device according to the invention in a greatly simplified, diagrammatic representation.

Fig. 6 shows part of the masonry of a building to be dehumidified with a damping device arranged between the masonry parts, according to the invention in a diagrammatic, highly simplified, schematic representation;

Fig. 7 shows a variant of the Entfeuchtungsvorrich device according to the invention with a modified design of the anode and the associated power supply lines;

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a power supply means for Operator Op the dehumidifying device according to the invention ben;

FIG. 9 is a diagram of the voltage curve of the voltage supply device according to the block diagram in FIG. 8.

In Fig. 1, a building 1 is shown, for example a residential building, consisting of a basement 2 , a ground floor 3 and an attic 4 , which are separated from each other by ceilings 5 , 6 . The outer boundary of the building 1 and the support of the ceilings 5 , 6 is carried out by the masonry parts 7 , 8 . A roof 9 is placed on the top ceiling. The building parts forming the basement 2 are at least part of their height embedded in the building 1 surrounding the ground 10 . Thus, a floor level 11 of the basement 2 is recessed relative to a surface 12 of the ground 10 . The masonry parts 8 are placed on the ceiling 5 and support the ceiling 6 .

The building 1 is supplied with electrical energy, for example via an overhead line 13 , which is attached to a roof stand 14 . However, it is also possible to use an underground cable or an aerial cable. Inside the Bauwer kes 1 , the electrical energy via a connecting line 15 for further distribution and supply of consumers 16 is fed to a switch box 17 in which switching, protection and safety devices are arranged.

A voltage supply device 19 of a dehumidifying device 20 is connected to the switch box 17 via a line 18 and operates using the electroosmotic effect. In the voltage supply device 19 , the alternating current is converted into a direct current, in particular a pulsating direct current, for which purpose the voltage supply device 19 has a rectifier element 21 . An electrically conductive support body 25 , acting as an anode 24, is connected to a positive pole 22 of the rectifier element 21 via a power supply line 23 . The support body 25 is arranged in a wall part 7 in an outer side 26 in the direction of an inner side 27 and extending in the longitudinal direction of the building 1 , slit-shaped recess 28 . This recess 28 is preferably arranged approximately in a horizontal plane. It is from the outside 26 in the direction of the inside 27 projecting depth 29 in about 50% -90% of a thickness 30 of the masonry part 7th

At a negative pole 31 of the rectifier element 21 , at least one cathode 33 is connected via a power supply line 32 , which is preferably anchored outside the building 1 in the ground 10 in the vertical direction in the ground 10 . The cathode 33 , which is usually made of a carbon rod or z. B. can also be formed from a conductive, made of inert plastic material, is arranged so that it is located in the vertical direction below the Tragkör pers 25 , that is arranged in the ground 10 deeper than the part 7 arranged in the masonry recess 28th The cathode 33 is connected in a connection area 34 to the power supply line 32 coming from the rectifier element 21 . At least one end 35 of the cathode 33 is arranged in the direction of the Erdbo dens 10 below the recess 28 , preferably inserted deeper into the ground 10 .

Instead of the voltage supply device 19 fed by an AC voltage with the rectifier element 21 , a DC voltage source 36 , for. B. a battery 37 , can be used to supply the electrically conductive support body 25 , the support body 25 forming the anode 24 resting on the positive pole 22 and the cathode 33 anchored in the ground 10 being connected to the negative pole 31 of the battery 37 .

Thus, the dehumidifying device 20 is effective regardless of an electrical energy supplied via the overhead line. Even when using a DC voltage source, e.g. B. a battery, however, it is possible to operate the anode in the push-pull principle, ie to apply the anode for short, alternating periods of time to the negative potential of the DC voltage source in order to achieve a depolarization of the same. This polarity reversal can be effected by electronic switching or control elements or the like.

By arranging the anode 24 forming support body 25 in the approximately horizontal recess 28 and in particular by forming the support body 25 from a water-impermeable plastic material, a horizontal moisture insulation for the building 1 is sufficient in the masonry part 7 .

This effectively prevents moisture from rising due to the capillary action. Due to the build-up of an electric field between the anode 24 and the cathode 33 , additional liquid particles from the anode 24 migrate towards the cathode 33 through the electroosmotic effect, where dehumidification of the masonry parts 7 is achieved in the areas of the masonry that are adjacent to the supporting body becomes.

As can further be seen from FIG. 1, the dehumidification according to the invention can be further increased by the fact that according to EP-B1 0 100 845 z. B. on the inside 27 of the masonry part 7 acting as a further anode 38 electrically conductive support body 39 z. B. is arranged as a plaster base for a plaster layer 40 . This further anode 38 can also be connected to the positive pole 22 of the rectifier element 21 via a further power supply line 41 . Due to the additional anode 38 , which is connected over a large area to the masonry part 7 and forms a further electric field between it and the cathode 33 , the electroosmotic effect described in more detail below leads to additional dehumidification of the masonry part 7 and also of the masonry part directly 7 neighboring soil 10 .

In Fig. 2, a support body 42 is shown, which consists of a moisture-insulating film 43 made of plastic, for. B. is made of acrylic, polyester, polyurethane, epoxy resin, gebil det and consists of a reticulated layer 44 . The net-shaped layer 44 forming te individual threads 45 , 46 are made of a plastic. This plastic can e.g. B. be formed essentially ion-free and in the manner of a thermoset with a macromolecular structure. This plastic is preferably, for example, an acrylate with at least partially crosslinked polymers, which has a high surface roughness and a low proportion of plasticizer. The plastic can preferably be designed according to the Austrian patent specification 313 588 by the same inventor. It is advantageous if the plastic is doped with oxygen-reducing metals. When such doped plastics are used as the conductive layer 44 of an anode 47 , the oxidation of the anode 47 and its passivation is switched off.

In order to make the layer 44 also resistant to mechanical stresses, or to increase the conductivity of the threads 45 , 46 , thread-like reinforcing inserts 48 can be used in these. B. made of metal, carbon beear processed. This network or the individual threads 45 , 46 of the network are provided with an outer coating of conductive plastic, so that the entire surface of the network surface acts as a conductor. This network is contacted over its length and especially with thicker walls also across the width in several areas, which are preferably evenly distributed over the surface, with the power supply line 41, before being supplied with cables provided with conductive sheathing using conductive surface clamps, so that a large-area feed the supply voltage into the anode. It is also advantageous if the layer 44 or the network with the film 43 len over the surface distributed Klebestel len, z. B. is connected by means of an adhesive layer 49 . The support body 42 formed by the film 43 and the layer 44 is arranged in the recess 28 , which extends in an approximately horizontal plane from the outside 26 toward the inside 27 of the masonry part 7 , the depth 29 of the recess 28 being less is than the thickness 30 of the masonry part 7 . The recess 28 can also be designed as a slot that penetrates the entire thickness of the wall.

A total thickness 50 of the support body 42 is smaller than a slot width 51 of the recess 28 , so that between the support body 42 and the masonry part 7 connecting layers 52 , 53 , z. B. a mortar can be arranged, which act as equal layers from the wall and the support body 42 .

In this way, a tight filling of the recess 28 is achieved and the support body 42 is embedded in the masonry part 7 in a full and cavity-free manner. The net-shaped ano de 47 preferably has continuous contact elements 54 in the longitudinal extension of the anode 47 , which are connected to the positive pole 22 of the voltage supply device 19 , and their negative pole 31 to the cathode 33 , which was in the direction of the desired moisture transport from the anode 47 is arranged, is connected.

An embodiment is preferred in which the connecting layer 52 assigned to the network-shaped anode 47 , for. B. the mortar, with conductive additives such. B. graphite, carbon black, corundum, etc. is offset, whereby a good contact and conductivity and thus a large electrical field is achieved.

In FIGS. 3 and 4 are further embodiments of the arrangement of the dehumidifying means 20 is shown. In these Anordnun gene described below in detail are each in the opposite surfaces 55 and 56 egg nes masonry part 7 , 8 , ie z. B. an outer wall of a building, horizontally or obliquely horizontally extending slots or recesses 57 , 58 Herge provides. For this, the masonry parts or walls z. B. with rotating cutting discs, such as diamond wheels or the like, cut or severed.

A depth 29 of these recesses 57 , 58 can, depending on the structural conditions or the moisture content of the masonry to be laid dry, be dimensioned such that the recesses 57 , 58 overlap or not overlap a thickness 30 of the masonry parts 7 , 8 .

The advantage of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, in which the recesses 57 , 58 do not overlap in the direction of the thickness 30 of the masonry part 7 , is that a core zone of the masonry part 7 remains as a continuous pillar, whereby the static strength of the is not weakened too much with buildings equipped with the dehumidifying device according to the invention. On the other hand, it is also z. B., as shown in Fig. 4, possible that the recesses 57 , 58 have a depth which is greater than half the thickness 30th As a result, the support bodies 59 , 60 inserted into the recesses 57 , 58 can overlap in the direction of the thickness 30 of the masonry part 7 .

The support bodies 59 , 60 inserted into the recesses 57 , 58 each have a conductive layer 44 forming the anode 24 in the direction of the desired water transport - which is symbolically indicated by thin, wavy arrows. Between this anode 24 and the cathode 33 , an electric field, indicated schematically by thin field lines, is built up, which, due to the electroosmotic forces, causes the water flow indicated schematically by the waved arrows. Usually, the cathodes 33 are arranged in the area in which the moisture from the masonry or the masonry parts 7 , 8 is to be spent. So it is possible to remove the moisture in the masonry, e.g. B. in a historic city wall or the like. To derive from both sides of the masonry part, as shown by the cathode 33 shown schematically in FIG. 4 and by dashed lines.

It is usually the case in buildings that the cathodes 33 are arranged only outside the outer boundary, otherwise z. B. with arrangements of cathodes below the basement floor below the same would again keitsansammlungen occur.

The anodes 24 are, as already described in the above exemplary embodiments, are in turn connected to the positive pole 22 and the cathode 33 to the negative pole 31 of the voltage supply device 19 .

After the recesses 57 , 58 have been produced and the supporting bodies have been positioned by 59 , 60 , the remaining cavities in the recesses 57 , 58 are filled with the material of the connecting layers 52 , 53 as seamlessly as possible.

As further shown in Fig. 4, the recesses 57 , 58 by means of appropriate cutting methods, for. B. cut with rotating diamond discs or rope, be made to the surfaces 55 , 56 at an angle 61 , 62 may be arranged. It is advantageous here if the recesses 57 , 58 are inclined in the direction of the cathode 33 , that is to say the angles 61 , 62 are open in the direction of the cathode 33 and are smaller than 90 °. As a result, the recesses 57 , 58 in the masonry part 7 form a V-shaped incision, the tip of which is oriented towards the bottom, i.e. towards the foundation of the building or towards the cathode, and despite the severing of the masonry or the masonry parts in the area of Recesses 57 , 58 achieve a permanent lateral centering of the structural parts now separated from one another by the supporting bodies 59 , 60 .

In Fig. 5 another embodiment of the acting as an anode 24 Tragkör pers 25 is shown. In this embodiment, a plurality of approximately parallel power supply lines 64 are arranged on an underside 63 of a moisture-insulating film 43 in the direction of their longitudinal extent. B. are connected via an adhesive layer 65 to the film 43 . The power supply lines 64 include a current conductor 67 embedded in a conductive plastic sheath 66 , the zenkohlenfaser by a copper wire or Kupferli or other highly conductive materials, such as. B. can also be made titanium. It is important that the distance in the value of the electrochemical series of the elements of the materials used for the current conductor 67 and the materials with which the plastic of the plastic sheath 66 is usually mixed is very small to prevent corrosion between the current conductor and the plastic sheath 66 to avoid. The carbon in the Kunststoffman tel serves to achieve sufficient conductivity of the surface of the plastic jacket. This is intended to improve the contacting of the conductive mortar layers surrounding the power supply lines 64 , which form the connecting layers 52 , and to establish a good line connection to the current conductors 67 .

For corrosion-free connection of the power supply lines 64 to the positive terminal 22 of the power supply device 19 are applied to the Stromversorgungslei obligations 64 terminals 68 clipped, the two clamp arms 69 are provided under a material-related oppositely directed bias. In the terminal is glued or cast a connecting line which is connected to the plus pole 22 of the voltage supply device 19 . For reasons of cost, it is also possible that a plurality of terminals 68 are formed or connected at a certain distance to a supply line. It is also possible, however, to surround the cables used for the power supply line 64 with a conductive plastic sheath 66 , which consists of conductive inert plastic and has a high resistance to corrosion, and each with the film 43 via the terminals 68 in predetermined, to contact the distance corresponding to the desired current density. As a result, during the manufacture of the dehumidifying device, electrical contacting and connection work, in which bare conductors are to be incorporated into components to be manufactured, are completely eliminated and defects on the construction site that lead to corrosion spots are prevented.

Of course, it is also possible in this context, the power supply lines 64 , either continuously or in their longitudinally spaced areas can be connected via adhesive layers 65 with the moisture-insulating film 43 , or loosely and at a distance from the film 43 only in to arrange the connecting layer 52 consisting of electrically conductive material, specifically on the side of the film 43 facing the cathode 33 . The cathode 33 is in the present embodiment, as already described, arranged in the transport direction of the moisture to be removed below the film 43 and with the negative pole 31 of the voltage supply device 19 at the negative pole 31 of the voltage device is ruled out.

It is essential in all the exemplary embodiments described above that the film 43 , which is therefore impermeable to moisture and thus prevents moisture from penetrating in the ascending direction of the masonry, is also designed to be insulating.

Due to the insulating design of the film 43 , the z. B. can also be done in that the film 43 of several layers, for. B. as indicated in Fig. 5, a further insulating layer 70 , can be provided, a current carry-over into other areas of the building 1 and the build-up of disturbing electrical fields is prevented. Rather, as schematically indicated in FIGS . 1, 3, 4, each builds between the conductive layer 44 and the power supply line 64 , which thus each form the anode 24 , and the cathode 33 respectively assigned to them by field lines 71, each schematically indicated electric field 72 , 73 , 74 in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 3, 4. In the electric field 72 , 73 , 74 , the electroosmotic effect leads to moisture transport from the anode de 24 in the direction of the cathode 33 , as is indicated schematically in the individual exemplary embodiments by wavy arrows 75 . This leads to a derivation of moisture from the masonry part 7 or the building 1 in the neighboring floor.

Appropriate structural measures, such as the introduction of a curl or drainage lines, can ensure that moisture is removed from the area of the building 1 .

In the illustration in FIG. 1 it is seen further that the between Ano de 24 and cathode building up 33 electric field 72, 73, which occupies a spherical shape in accordance with the theoretical physical principles, the field lines 71 of the electric field 72, 73 also include that remaining area of the masonry that is not cut through the recess 28 into the electric field 72 , 73 , so that the electro-osmotic dehumidification effect also begins in these areas or the electric field 72 , 73 acts as a lock against one further rising of the moisture through the masonry parts 7 , 8 not cut through the recess 28 is prevented. Extends the recess 28 , however, as shown in Fig. 1 in the area of the electric field 72 with dash-dotted lines, across the entire thickness of the masonry part 7 , so that the entire wall is severed, so the basic lock ge against further rising of the moisture in the direction of the vertical extent of the building by the support body 25 or its moisture-blocking position prevents ver and the electric field 72 is only needed to press the ge a direction of movement from the building 1 out.

The advantage of such solutions in connection with a moisture-insulating film, which prevents further rising of the film at least over a large part of the thickness of the masonry, in connection with an electro-osmotic dehumidification system is that even with short disturbances of the electrical field due to environmental conditions or due to lack a power supply system and the like, in no case can the moisture rise above the height of the introduced film 43 or of the supporting body 25 and the entire electromotive force of the electric field 72 , 73 can be used to remove the moisture. Another advantage is that with egg nem increased accumulation of moisture, which is above the blocking or transport effect of the electric field 72 to 74 , an increase in moisture via the support body 25 or the film 43 is prevented and the excess moisture then can be broken down again over a long period of time due to the uninterrupted effect of the electroosmotic moisture transport in the electrical fields. If in such a case no moisture-insulating support body 25 or film 43 were provided, the moisture would rise above the level of the electroosmotic barrier or dehumidification system due to the overloading of the blocking effect of the electrical field, and it could thus lead to further moisture penetration of the structural part if there is a brief increase in moisture and moisture.

Likewise, the representations in FIGS. 3, 4 show that by appropriately arranging two moisture-insulating foils 43 arranged one above the other in the height direction of the masonry part 7 or counter to the flow direction of the moisture, according to the arrows 75 , with correspondingly conductive layers or power supply lines 64 two spatially partially covering electrical fields 74 are built up, which then cover the entire cross-section or the entire thickness of the masonry part 7 and thus without a complete separation of the masonry and thus less static weakening of the structure over the entire thickness of the masonry part 7 - in particular when the moisture-tight barrier layers overlap in the direction of the thickness 30 of the masonry parts 7 or at least prevent the moisture from rising over a large part of the thickness 30 of the masonry.

In Fig. 6 a further embodiment of the dehumidification system according to the invention is shown. From this illustration it can be seen that the masonry part 7 is completely severed by a slot over an entire thickness 30 . So that the masonry part 7 is divided into a wall part 76 and a wall part 77 . This slot can e.g. B. by means of a wire saw or diamond cutting blades or similar chem. A separating layer 78 is then inserted into the slot, the z. B. a support body 42 made of high-strength, in particular pressure-resistant materials and z. B. can consist of a moisture-insulating film 43 . The support body 25 and the film 43 can optionally be connected as a sandwich element via an adhesive layer, not shown, or by a coextrusion film or another manufacturing process, eg. B. a surface welding process or the like, be connected to each other. Above all, it is advantageous if ten for each Schich or plies of this separating layer 78 are plastic materials having high creep strength and low cold flow method is used, so that even over long periods of time by the auflastende on the slides 43 by weight of the structure, the moisture insulating films 43 do not flow away from the places of highest load and then in this area the moisture can penetrate again in the direction of the structure 1 arranged above the blocking foils 1 . In order to prevent that there is star ken point loads this separating layer 78, the separation layer is arranged on both sides 78 designed as a fill layer connection layer 52 and the 53rd This connection layer 52 has the task of evenly distributing the load exerted by the structure on the separating layer, and usually consists of a correspondingly high-strength and fast-setting mortar. Of course, it is also possible to use a cement with a water glass bond instead of the mortar, which has a high hardness and load-bearing capacity after drying. While the connection layer 52 now consists exclusively of such a mortar, in the present exemplary embodiment the connection layer 53 is designed as a conductive connection layer which is in contact with the positive pole 22 of the voltage supply device 19 .

In order to allow sufficient conductivity of this connecting layer 53 , corundum parts 79 or graphite parts 80 are mixed into the base materials of the same as conductive components. These corundum parts 79 and graphite parts 80 are added in a sufficient amount of the connecting layer 53 that a desired conductivity is produced. The advantage of using corundum parts 79 over the previously used carbon parts or the soot lies mainly in the fact that the corundum parts 79 lead to an increase in the strength of the connecting layer 53 and thus this connecting layer 53 can have a higher strength than if the base materials the same can only be mixed with carbon or soot in order to achieve sufficient strength. In addition, this type of tie layer 53 can also be used as a binder, especially if a water glass bond is provided for this. This enables a high-strength, shrink-free connecting layer 53 to be obtained, which prevents shrinkage cracks between the wall parts 76 , 77 or the connecting layers 52 , 53 or the connecting layers 52 , 53 and the separating layer 78 from occurring after the layer has dried out, which leads to transition losses or can lead to interruptions in contact and, in turn, could also promote the penetration of moisture.

To make possible through common contacting to ensure a sufficient area current distribution and thus the establishment of a large-area electrical field 72 , the entire connection layer 53 is contacted with a supply line 81 provided with a conductive outer jacket. These supply lines 81 are in contact with the positive pole 22 of the voltage supply device 19 , where the negative pole is connected to the cathode 33 . Thus, even with a relatively high-resistance connection layer, the build-up of a sufficient current flow with low supply voltages is made possible, so that, above all, the critical voltage limit, which leads to electrochemical decomposition of the water and thus can lead to the formation of oxyhydrogen gas, is not exceeded. Above all, this makes it possible to work with voltages of approximately 6 volts at the output of the voltage supply device 19 , so that the effective electrode voltage does not exceed 1.4 to 2 volts and the electrolytic dissociation in which the molecules, in particular water, decay into heteropolar compounds of their ions, is not exceeded.

Due to this good contacting of the connecting layer, an intensive field is built up over the entire thickness 30 of the masonry, which closes in the direction of the cathode 33 . In this strong electric field 72 , which is indicated schematically by field lines 71 , there is then an intensive moisture transport in the direction of the wavy arrows 75 . This causes a strong moisture transport and thus good drying and dehumidification of the wall parts 77 .

It is also advantageous if the separating layer 78 or the support body 42 or the film 43 is a thermoset. These thermosets are very durable plastics that can withstand high loads for long periods and have low cold flow values.

It is advantageous if this support body 42 or the separating layer 78 produced by a sandwich element with the film 43 has an elastic modulus <25 N / m ² . As a result, the film 43 can also be easily introduced into uneven slits and in the case of displacements in the masonry, and a moisture-proof unit is also made possible in the subsequent settlement of the work in the building 1 . In addition, the water absorption of the separating layer 78 or the individual layers of the same should preferably be <20 mg in 4 days, so that it is prevented that the separating film is saturated with water and it diffuses again to transport moisture in the direction of the dry construction parts to be laid.

In order to ensure the high stability of the separating layer 78 even with high loads and subsidence in the masonry or impact loads, it can also prove to be advantageous to produce these individual foils or layers with an elongation at break which is <15% preferably <30 to 100% is.

In the present exemplary embodiment, therefore, the anode 24 of the electrochemical dehumidification system is formed by the connecting layer 53 in connection with the supply lines 81 . By appropriate Ausgestal device or choice of material for the support body 42 can be achieved that this acts as an insulator and thus a spread of the electric field in the direction of the wall parts 76 is reliably prevented. This prevents the carry-over of current in the direction of the wall parts 76 , since especially between the anode 24 and z. B. above the separating layer 78 in the wall part 76 arranged from metallic materials existing lines 82 no electrical field can be built up, which otherwise cause egg water transport from the separating layer 78 in the direction of the line 82 and thus with in the exact opposite direction in the desired moisture transport would.

In Fig. 7, a further embodiment of a dehumidification system is shown, which differs only in the arrangement and structure of the anode 24 from the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, which is why the same reference numerals are used for the same parts.

In this exemplary embodiment, the anode 24 is formed by a mesh made of titanium. However, a braid, knitted fabric or grid of this material can also be used. The advantage of such a network, braid or knitted fabric or the like of titanium is that titanium has almost the same value in the electrochemical series of elements as carbon and thus no voltage difference can be built up electrochemically, which leads to a correction or could destroy the conductive elements in the electrochemical dehumidification system. As shown schematically, this network is embedded in the connection layer 53 and is contacted via supply lines 81 , which are connected via e.g. B. the already shown in Fig. 5 and described at terminal 68 , which may also consist of conductive materials, and are contacted by a conductive surface connection. Characterized in that carbon is mixed in both in the connecting layer 53 and in the connecting line 81 and in at least in the surface of the terminals 68 , the individual components have no difference in the valence in the electrochemical series, and therefore the structure of electrochemical Local elements fundamentally prevented. This provides a long-term reliable contact and power line in the connecting layer 53 , which at the same time enables a long-term reliable effect of the electro-osmotic dehumidification system.

In Fig. 8, a voltage supply device 83 for an anode 84 and a cathode 85 is shown, the z. B. is formed by networks 86 , 87 . The voltage supply device 83 comprises a transformer 88 , smoothing diodes 89 , a counter-pole switching element 90 and, in parallel with the smoothing diodes 89, a timing element 91 and a pulse switch 93 assigned to a rectifier circuit 92 , which is formed by a transistor 94 . Via the timing element 91 , the signal passage through the transistor 94 is made possible for a certain period of time. By the opposite pole-switching member 90 associated diode 95 ensures that a voltage crossing is only possible when applied to an output 96 of the Trans formators 88 negative potential. An input 97 of the pulse switch 93 is present at the output 96 of a DC voltage source 98 formed by the transformer 88 . An output 99 is connected to a lead 100 to the anode 84 . The transistor 94 serving as a make contact is driven by the timing element 91 . Between the leads 100 , 101 to the anode 84 and to the cathode 85 , a changeover switch 102 is also provided, with which, if necessary, the voltage supply of the two networks 86 and 87 can be reversed, so that the anode 84 acts as a cathode 85 or vice versa. Furthermore, the voltage supply device 83 is assigned a current display device 103 . Of course, the design of this voltage supply device 83 within the scope of the invention, without deviating from it, can be modified as desired, and it is also possible to use corresponding relay controls or integrated circuits or microprocessors or the like.

A preferred form of the voltage-time curve is shown in FIG . The positive sine curve 104 of an appropriately stepped down mains voltage is obtained, while the negative portion 105 of the sine curve 104 is cut off in the lower voltage range, so that as long as the negative portion 105 of the original sine curve 104 does not exceed a certain voltage, no voltage is present and only when the sine voltage exceeds the specified voltage limit, the voltage exceeding this voltage limit is applied to the electrodes. Although the use of the mains frequency offers particular advantages, the method according to the invention is not limited to the sine voltages of 50 or 60 Hz.

This preferred form of the voltage-time curve can be achieved, for example, with the voltage supply devices 83 described in FIG. 6. Through the capacitor arranged in the timing element 91 , the passage through the transistor 94 is opened only after a certain period of time has positive potential, so that the anode 84 is acted upon by a negative voltage. With a corresponding design of the timing element 91 , the supply of the negative voltage via the lead 101 is then blocked again by the transistor 94 when the preselected voltage level is undershot. This results in the special voltage curve shown in FIG. 9.

For the sake of order it should also be pointed out that in all of the drawings gene illustrated embodiments, the relationship between the structure len or the masonry, the recesses and the arranged in these Layers and connecting lines were shown out of scale where especially the recess and the layers and ver arranged in it connection lines for a better understanding of the structure of the dehumidification system compared to the masonry parts was shown many times larger than  this corresponds to reality.

For a better understanding of the invention, a individual parts disproportionately and distorted to scale.

Furthermore, individual ones of the total in the exemplary embodiments can also be written combinations of features independent, inventive solutions form.

Above all, the individual in FIGS. 1, 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8, 9 shown embodiments, form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention. The related tasks and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures.

List of reference symbols

1 building
2 basement
3 ground floor
4 attic
5 blanket
6 blanket
7 masonry part
8 masonry part
9 roof
10 ground
11 floor level
12 surface
13 overhead line
14 roof stands
15 connecting line
16 consumers
17 control box
18 management
19 voltage supply device
20 dehumidifier
21 rectifier element
22 positive pole
23 Power supply line
24 anode
25 supporting body
26 outside
27 inside
28 recess
29 depth
30 thickness
31 negative pole
32 power supply line
33 cathode
34 connection area
35 end
36 DC voltage source
37 battery
38 anode
39 supporting body
40 layer of plaster
41 Power supply line
42 support body
43 slide
44 layers
45 threads
46 threads
47 anode
48 reinforcement insert
49 adhesive layer
50 total thickness
51 slot width
52 connection layers
53 connection layers
54 contact element
55 surface
56 surface
57 recess
58 recess
59 supporting body
60 supporting bodies
61 angles
62 angles
63 bottom
64 power supply line
65 layers of adhesive
66 plastic sheath
67 conductors
68 connection terminal
69 clamp arm
70 location
71 field line
72 field
73 field
74 field
75 arrow
76 wall part
77 wall part
78 separation layer
79 correspondence parts
80 graphite parts
81 supply line
82 line
83 Power supply device
84 anode
85 cathode
86 network
87 network
88 transformer
89 smoothing diode
90 switching element
91 timer
92 Rectifier circuit
93 pulse switch
94 transistor
95 diode
96 exit
97 entrance
98 DC voltage source
99 exit
100 supply line
101 supply line
102 switches
103 Current display device
104 sine curve
105 negative part

Claims (28)

1.Dehumidifying device for buildings with a substantially horizontally arranged, horizontally arranged, foil-like supporting body made of water-impermeable plastic between two masonry parts arranged one above the other and, if appropriate, connecting layers, in particular mortar, arranged between this and the masonry parts, characterized in that an anode ( 24 , 38 , 47 , 84 ) by a plastic of the support body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ) formed in the area of one of its two surfaces, or by an electrode facing the surface, which is in particular conductive, or a conductive configuration of the connecting layer ( 52 , 53 ) is formed and the anode ( 24 , 38 , 47 , 84 ) is connected to a power supply line ( 23 , 41 , 64 ) which extends in the longitudinal direction of the support body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ) and with which Anode ( 24 , 38 , 47 , 84 ) several times in distant areas animals as well as with the positive pole ( 22 ) of a voltage supply device ( 83 ) of an electro-osmotic dehumidifying device ( 20 ), the negative pole ( 31 ) of which is arranged on a cathode (preferably in the vertical direction below the supporting body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 )) 33 , 85 ) is connected. 2. Dehumidifying device according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic of the supporting body ( 25 , 42 , 59 ) is a thermoset and in particular has a modulus of elasticity greater than 25 N / mm ² . 3. Dehumidifying device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ) consists of several layers ( 44 ). 4. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the supporting body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ) is designed as a sandwich element and the plastic layers ( 44 ) have a modulus of elasticity greater than 25 N / mm ² . 5. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a water absorption of the support body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ) within 4 days of at least one of the layers ( 44 ), in particular made of plastic, less than 20 mg, is. 6. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plastic chemically at least the layers closest to the surfaces of the supporting body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ) against water, aqueous solutions of inorganic salts, acids and alkalis is resistant. 7. dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the elongation at break, at least be made of plastic standing layers is greater than 15% to 30%, preferably greater than 100%. 8. dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the support body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ) at least one layer ( 44 ), z. B. a net, grid, knitted fabric, fleece or the like. B. made of glass, metal, ceramic, plastic. 9. dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the film-like support body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ) and / or its layers ( 44 ) elastic and springback-free, in particular made of flexible plastic, for. B. limp, are formed. 10. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the conductive layer formed as an anode ( 24 , 38 , 47 , 84 ) made of connecting material between the masonry parts ( 7, 8 ) and the supporting body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ) is arranged. 11. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the supporting body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ) at least one on the opposite side of the conductive layer from the cathode at the negative pole ( 33 , 85 ) ( 44 ) arranged, electrically insulating layer. 12. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the connecting layer ( 52 , 53 ) is formed by a conductive mortar. 13. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the mortar with carbon, especially carbon black or graphite, is enriched.   14. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the mortar with conductive ceramic parts, for. B. Corundum is mixed. 15. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the connecting layer or the connecting dimension material made of a mixture of cement with water glass bond, conductive ceramic share, especially corundum and carbon. 16. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the connecting material or the connecting layer ( 52 , 53 ), the anode ( 24 , 38 , 47 ,) mixed with conductive materials, in particular conductive ceramic parts, carbon or soot. 84 ) and is connected to the positive pole ( 22 ) of the voltage supply device ( 19 , 83 ) via at least one power supply line ( 23 , 32 , 64 ) embedded in it. 17. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that between the negative pole ( 31 ) of a DC voltage source ( 36 , 98 ) of the electroosmotic dehumidifying device ( 20 ) connected, the ground closer cathode ( 33 , 85 ) and the anode ( 24 , 38 , 47 , 84 ) a counter-pole switching element 90 is arranged. 18. Dehumidifier according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that an operating voltage of the DC voltage source ( 36 , 98 ) is between 1 V and 8 V, preferably 6 V, and an effective electrical voltage less than 2 V, preferably less than 1.4 V. 19. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that an operating voltage of the DC voltage source ( 36 , 98 ) is below the triggering value for an electrolytic dissociation in which the molecules disintegrate into heteropolar compounds of their ions. 20. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the power supply line ( 23 , 32 , 64 ) is formed by a land conductor or a conductor strip or a conductive network ( 86 , 87 ), which preferably at least in partial areas is provided with a conductive outer coating, with the conductors embedded therein, for. B. a wire or strands of copper, titanium, plastic or the like., Are contacted. 21. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the carrier body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ) over a range of 50 to 90% of a thickness ( 30 ) of the masonry parts ( 7 , 8 ), preferably over 70% of the thickness. 22. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the supporting body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ) vertically over one another over part of the thickness ( 30 ) of the masonry parts ( 7 , 8 ), preferred overlapping one another, are arranged and each extend from one surface ( 55 ) of the masonry parts ( 7 , 8 ) in the direction of an opposite surface ( 56 ). 23. Dehumidifying device according to one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the plastic for the support body ( 25 , 39 , 42 , 59 , 60 ), in particular a film forming this or the layer made of acrylic, polyester, epoxy resin or Polyurethane, preferably made of acrylic. 24. Procedure for interrupting the rising of moisture in a building in which a masonry part, in particular a building wall, which over at least a large part of its thickness with an incision or a Recess is provided, what in this recess or the slot foil-like moisture-impermeable supporting body, in particular made of art is introduced and then the remaining voids between the Support body and the masonry parts with connecting materials, in particular a mortar to be filled, characterized in that the support body the surface facing away from the masonry part to be dried conductive layer applied or adjacent to this surface by a mix of conductive materials conductive connecting material or a network or wire-shaped anode is introduced, whereupon they conduct de layer or the conductive connecting material and / or the anode in one other distant areas several times with a power supply line is contacted, which is then connected to the positive pole of a voltage supply device is connected and that the negative pole of this voltage supply device on a cathode distanced in the direction of the moisture to be removed is connected and that a voltage between the anode and the cathode  which is a span alternating between positive and negative potential voltage in which the time integral of the voltage with a positive potential is greater than the time integral of the voltage with negative potential, preferably the Voltage with positive potential is greater than that with negative potential and a maximum operating voltage applied to the latter of less than 4 V, in particular 1.5 V, is. 25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the time of applied voltage with a positive potential is greater than that with a negative potential tial. 26. The method according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the AC voltage is a sinusoidal voltage with mains frequency, the span voltage of the negative period, in particular the voltage peak of the negative period is cut off. 27. The method according to one or more of claims 24 to 26, characterized characterized in that the support body or the electrically conductive layer over a electrically conductive or compound made electrically conductive by additives is contacted with a supply line embedded in this. 28. The method according to one or more of claims 24 to 27, characterized characterized in that the power supply line with the electrically conductive Layer over chemically resistant plastic material Clamping clips is contacted.