DE102005019220A1 - Electrical osmosis method for carrying out electrical osmosis in draining masonry/buildings applies a pulsed electrical voltage to electrodes in masonry/buildings and their surroundings - Google Patents

Abstract

A voltage is dually generated with differently created first (A) and second (B) pulse sequences, parallel in time, sequential in time or overlapping in time. Specially programmed for all local conditions, variably adapted, alternating or intermittent, a current/voltage status relies on capacity, direction and time so as to be applied between electrodes and then in brickwork to be dried out. An independent claim is also included for a system for carrying out the method of the present invention.

Description

The present invention belongs to the technical field of masonry or building drying by means of Mechanism of action of electroosmosis on the object to be dried, and concerns the process and assembly group in which On both sides electrodes are inserted or used and then a current flow is effected from the anode to the cathode.

To the State of the art in masonry or building drying belong beside purely mechanical, injection, air circulation and jet drying processes by means of infrared or microwave radiation also those mechanical / electrical Method with the corresponding arrangements relating to the use of electricity take advantage of the mechanism of action of electroosmosis.

To each group of the above and the drying expert known drying procedures, there are a variety of drying equipment or arrangements, so it should be dispensable, this extra and diverse to be described in detail as state of the art.

the Those skilled in the field of building drying are concerned the drying process and arrangements, the mechanism of action exploit the electroosmosis, especially the active working Methods / arrangements with wired electrodes are well known. These are in contrast to the following passive working Procedures / arrangements predominantly and used very extensively in drying.

In these actively working methods, for example, rods are mechanically introduced into the wall, wired, a suitable means as a counter electrode, for example, again a rod or rods, is / are usually mounted in the ground and this circuit is put under tension. Thus, a water movement can be set in the object to be dried in motion, this DE 44 00 503 A1 , This has given very good results for dry house draining, but the salt migration that goes hand in hand with uncontrolled water migration has removed the benefits of increased corrosion on the electrodes. There were many building damage. Also known are actively working arrangements with wired grids or networks, this also DE 44 00 503 A1 . DE 37 14 943 C2 , In these arrangements, grids or nets are mounted in / on the wall or under the plaster, wired, a counter electrode is usually positioned in the ground and this circuit is energized. In principle, the distribution of the stress in the masonry is greater in area than in the before and after arrangements. This also raises the question of the electrochemical resistance or the uncontrolled salt transport, since on the one hand the salt transport is associated with the water / moisture movement on the other hand salts crystallize on moisture reduction due to migration and / or evaporation and thus their concentration increase. Unimpairable corrosion damage is the result.

arrangements with wired rods, where the passive approach is used are the expert in the field of building drying also known. In this procedure, the electrochemical relationships become immediate without external voltage source used. The electrochemical voltage series ensures the structure here a (low) voltage, so that in the wake of an uncontrolled Water and salt movement begins. Depending on the structure, material and Salt composition, there are high failure rates here.

at All known methods, incl. Arrangements, the electroosmosis use, either DC or AC voltage is used brought. They all have the disadvantage that the humidity is not controllable is. There are even osmosis applications with extreme drying characteristics, whereby the buildings or building parts after drying almost dust-dry.

In addition to the above-mentioned methods / arrangements, other methods have been disclosed which are also intended to make use of the mode of action of electroosmosis. Their effect and meaningfulness appears controversial. For example, the revelation uses AT 392 108 B in an arrangement proposed there, a resonant circuit constructed by means of a coil with a capacitance connected in parallel, which builds up an electric field and with the aid of which a drying is to take place. This disclosure, as well as others with these technical effects of the irradiation by electromagnetic waves from antennas, so also the DE G 89 05 412.1 or EP 0 395 085 B1 , have no relevance to the technical solution proposed below according to the invention.

Surprised it was found that not necessarily the wires and Electrodes as the points of weakness the previous methods and arrangements pointed out, but especially the type and height The voltages and currents used have proven to be the major shortcomings.

outgoing from the defects of the aforementioned prior art, the invention is the object of Basically, the procedure and arrangement according to the arrangement of the beginning described methods and arrangements for wall and building dehumidification or dry by means of current flow from anode to cathode in such a way educate that an increase the technical-technological effectiveness of the electroosmosis-based Dry process, by a deliberate influence on the electroosmotic processes and the controllability of the moisture is achieved, and at the same time a more effective and easier-to-handle electrode design and arrangement to provide.

According to the invention this Task and objective solved by the following.

• – in den Pulsfolgen A und B für den Puls T₁ von 1 bis 42 V bei Plus-Spannung und für den Puls T₃ von gleichfalls 1 bis 42 V bei Minus-Spannung sowie für die Pulse T₂ und T₄ bei jeweils 0 V,

sowie zeitabhängig

• – für T₁ in der Pulsfolge A zwischen 10 ms und 2 s und in der Pulsfolge B zwischen 1 μs und 100 μs
• – für T₂ in der Pulsfolge A zwischen 10 ns und 10 ms und in der Pulsfolge B zwischen 10 ns und 1 μs
• – für T₃ in der Pulsfolge A zwischen 1 ms und 1 s und in der Pulsfolge B zwischen 1 μs und 20 μs
• – für T₄ in der Pulsfolge A zwischen 10 ms und 10 s und in der Pulsfolge B zwischen 20 μs und 10 ms

zwischen den Elektroden und damit im zu trocknenden Mauer- und Bauwerk und seiner Umgebung realisiert werden. Die erste Pulsfolge A dient mit ihrer Pulsfolge und Pulslänge hauptsächlich dem Zwecke der Hauptentfeuchtung und die zweite Pulsfolge B mit differenzierterer schwächerer elektrischen Wirkung dient in aller Regel dem Zwecke der Verfeinerung des Entfeuchtungsvorgangs, zur Trockenlegung schwach feuchter Bereiche oder zur Trockenhaltung, die dann materialspezifisch eingestellt wird. Mit Hilfe beider Pulsfolgen-Komponenten kann die kapilare Feuchte im Mauerwerk gezielt gesteuert werden.In the object to be dried, voltages are generated dual with two differently formed pulse sequences, this with a first pulse sequence A and a second pulse sequence B. These pulse sequences can be introduced temporally in parallel, temporally successively and / or temporally overlapping or alternately depending on the resulting requirements , In this way, a variable, alternating and / or intermittent current / voltage state adapted to the respective local conditions can be programmed according to the usual experience and knowledge of the drying expert
depending on size and direction

• - In the pulse sequences A and B for the pulse T ₁ from 1 to 42 V at plus voltage and for the pulse T ₃ of also 1 to 42 V at minus voltage and for the pulses T ₂ and T ₄ at 0 V each .

as well as time-dependent

• For T ₁ in the pulse sequence A between 10 ms and 2 s and in the pulse sequence B between 1 μs and 100 μs
• For T ₂ in the pulse sequence A between 10 ns and 10 ms and in the pulse sequence B between 10 ns and 1 μs
• For T ₃ in the pulse sequence A between 1 ms and 1 s and in the pulse sequence B between 1 μs and 20 μs
• For T ₄ in the pulse sequence A between 10 ms and 10 s and in the pulse sequence B between 20 μs and 10 ms

be realized between the electrodes and thus in the wall and structure to be dried and its surroundings. The first pulse train A is used with its pulse train and pulse length mainly for the purpose of main dehumidification and the second pulse train B with differentiated weaker electrical effect is usually for the purpose of refinement of the dehumidifying process, for draining weakly moist areas or for keeping dry, which is then adjusted material-specific , With the help of both pulse sequence components, the capillary moisture in the masonry can be specifically controlled.

The claimed dual-operating pulse sequences A and B are shown in concentrated form in the following table:

It It can be seen that the first pulse sequence A in their structure of Pulse train and pulse length long active plus pulses and short active minus pulses with intermediate ones shorter includes inactive pause times and that the second pulse train B in their structure of pulse sequence and pulse length short active plus pulses and short active minus pulses with intervening alternating ones even shorter and several times longer includes inactive break times.

If it is appropriate, may also go beyond the dual pulse train a multiple pulse sequence A, B, C, ... X temporally parallel, temporally successively and / or overlapping in time.

As an arrangement for carrying out the method are provided in dual mode and periodically operating pulse generator, in which the long-pulse (LP) and short pulse (KP) settings are made material-specific, a circuit technically following power amplifier ( 2 ) and a turn the final stage circuit technology following multi-layer electrode, said multi-layer electrode initiates the pulsed current / voltage state in the wall / building. A ground spike closes the circuit by connecting to the power amplifier.

The inventive multilayer electrode consists of a predominantly sprayed multi-layer tape, which superficially on the structure to be treated is applied directly and from a first sprayed layer, which consists of a binder and a ladder, a second one Layer on it, which consists of a sprayed or laid electrical Conductor and possibly a stabilizing, electric conductive or non-conductive Reinforcing consists, and on top of a third sprayed topcoat, which may consist of an insulating protective lacquer, or by insulating sheet is shown is formed. In multi-layered tape can depending on requirement also in addition conductive plastic, electrolytes, conductive or non-conductive reinforcing fabrics or conductive plaster be provided. A ring closure by means of Multilayer bands, but with an electro-technical Gap, so as not to cause a short circuit, even with other electrically bridged gaps the building, usually on the outer walls, with connection of the Multilayer bands to the final stage can be provided. In a ring closure around the building can electrical bypasses of the multi-layer tape e.g. at door and window openings provided by normal insulated wire in Kabelkanälchen to overcome the aforementioned gaps be. The multi-layer tape can also work on a single wall in then angular or continuously curved arrangement, e.g. meandering, round or oval, optionally as a spiral, be sprayed. Furthermore, that can Multilayer tape also under channels, e.g. Cable channels, be arranged. Depending on existing requirements, you can Multi-layer tape also partially wall-sealed and partially non-contact to the masonry.

• – kaum Bauarbeiten notwendig sind,
• – die Wände nicht unkontrolliert getrocknet werden (Gebäudeabriß!),
• – Energie summarisch effizient eingesetzt wird,
• – Energie direkt mit physikalisch interessierenden Impulsdauern in die Wand eingebracht wird,
• – eine Tiefenwirkung während und nach der Trocknung erreicht wird,
• – eine ständige Kontrolle der Feuchte – mit Korrekturfunktionen versehen – stattfinden kann,
• – bei Bedarf weiterhin Sensoren sowie Datenlogger eingesetzt werden können, die den Regelkreis verfeinern können,
• – der Trocknungszeitraum, nach Bauwerks- und/oder Bauherrenmaßgabe festgelegt wird – Schnelltrocknung oder allmähliche Trocknung,
• – eine elegante Anpassbarkeit (Sprühverfahren für Elektroden) an sehr unebenen Wänden für die örtlichen Aufgaben einer Trockenlegung möglich ist,
• – keine Elektroden in das Mauerwerk eingesetzt werden müssen, da Oberflächenelektroden aufgesprüht werden, somit kein Eingriff mit der event. Gefahr der Bauwerksschädigung erfolgt,
• – es möglich ist, mit Hilfe einer minimalen Oberflächenelektrode auch nicht belegte Bauteile physikalisch zu erreichen,
• – es möglich ist, den Feuchtegehalt gezielt zu steuern, womit entsprechenden Anforderungen genügt werden kann, wie z.B. die Aufrechterhaltung eines erhöhten Feuchtegrades zum Schutze alter Kunstwerke oder die Einstellung eines geforderten Wohnraumklimas,
• – durch den wahlweisen Einsatz der dualen Pulskomponenten die Elektroden zusätzlich geschont werden.

This new inventive teaching improves drying, especially in the field of building drying, in that

• - hardly any construction work is necessary,
• - the walls are not dried uncontrollably (building demolition!),
• - Energy is used summarily efficiently,
• - Energy is introduced directly with physically interesting pulse durations in the wall,
• - a depth effect is achieved during and after drying,
• - a constant control of the humidity - provided with correction functions - can take place,
• - If required, sensors and data loggers can be used that can refine the control loop.
• - the drying period is set according to building and / or building owner's requirement - quick drying or gradual drying,
• - an elegant adaptability (spraying method for electrodes) on very uneven walls is possible for the local tasks of draining,
• - no electrodes must be used in the masonry, as surface electrodes are sprayed on, thus no interference with the event. Danger of structural damage occurs,
• It is possible to physically reach unassigned components with the aid of a minimal surface electrode,
• It is possible to control the moisture content in a targeted manner, with which corresponding requirements can be satisfied, such as, for example, the maintenance of an increased degree of moisture for the protection of old works of art or the setting of a required living space climate,
• - By the optional use of the dual pulse components, the electrodes are additionally protected.

At following embodiment the invention should be closer explained become.

The Invention is in a typical variant of a variety of potential Alternatives described.

The explanation The invention is based on an example of this selected procedure and at an exemplary arrangement for the realization of the technical invention solution from a variety of process and apparatus alternatives. There are more Procedural and arrangement alternatives are conceivable, these include thus the teaching of the invention.

1 shows the procedure

2 shows the arrangement of the entire system

Embodiment 1

On the building to be treated is directly a first layer, which consists of a binding material and a conductive material, here graphite, consists, sprayed. Thereon is a second layer, which consists of a sprayed electrical conductor and from a stabilizing, electrically non-conductive reinforcement made of tulle is upset. On top is the third layer sprayed from a non-conductive protective lacquer as a topcoat.

The inventive multilayer electrode thus consists of a predominantly sprayed Three-layer electrode, which serves as a closed ring around the building and on a particular particularly wet wall of this building this laid meandering is.

The now to be dried building fabric is with the in the following table illustrated procedure, thus with the specified therein Voltage values and directions and the associated Times applied. In this case, there is a time parallel puffing with the pulse sequence A and the pulse sequence B.

at These drying processes are moisture and other important process data inside and outside the to be dried substance for the purpose of litigation and recorded by the Control of the drying process processed accordingly.

Claims (15)

Method for draining masonry and structure by means of electro-osmosis, wherein under application of a pulsed electrical voltage to at least two electrodes, on the one hand in the wall and structure, on the other hand in the environment associated therewith, a current flow from anode to cathode and thus a moisture movement away from the wall - And structure causes is characterized in that this voltage is dual with two differently formed pulse trains, with a first pulse train A and a second pulse train B, the time parallel, consecutive time and / or temporally overlapping introduced is generated, with a special programmed to the respective local conditions adapted variable, alternating and / or intermittent current / voltage state size, direction and time-dependent between the electrodes and thus introduced into the wall and structure to be dried and its surroundings. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the first pulse sequence A with its pulse sequence and pulse length for Purpose of the main dehumidification and the second pulse sequence B with differentiated weaker electrical Effect for the purpose of refining the dehumidifying process or is then introduced material-specifically for keeping dry. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the second pulse sequence B with differentiated weaker electrical Effect exclusively used for the purpose of draining weakly damp areas becomes. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first pulse sequence A in their structure of pulse sequence and pulse length long active plus pulses and short active minus pulses with intermediate ones shorter includes inactive break times. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the second pulse sequence B in their structure of pulse train and pulse length short active plus pulses and short active minus pulses with intermediate ones alternating even shorter and several times longer includes inactive break times. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that also, if appropriate, beyond the dual pulse train a multiple pulse sequence A, B, C, ... X temporally parallel, temporally consecutively following and / or temporally overlapping is generated. Arrangement for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that a dual-mode and periodically operating pulse generator ( 1 ), in which the long-pulse (LP) and short-pulse (KP) settings are made material-specific, to an output stage ( 2 ) and these in turn onto a multilayer electrode ( 3 ), wherein the multilayer electrode ( 3 ) the pulsed current / voltage state in the wall / building ( 4 ) and as a counter electrode a ground spike / ground rod ( 5 ) the circuit by connecting to the power amplifier ( 2 ) closes. Arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the multilayer electrode ( 3 ) consists of a predominantly sprayed multi-layer tape, which is superficially applied directly to the structure to be treated and of a first sprayed layer consisting of a binder and a conductor, a second layer thereon, consisting of a sprayed or laid electrical conductor and optionally is made of a stabilizing, electrically conductive or non-conductive reinforcement, and on top of a third sprayed coating layer, which may consist of an insulating resist or is represented by insulating sheet, is formed. Arrangement according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the multilayer tape ( 3 ) a ring closure with electrotechnical gap around the structure, usually on the outer walls, with a connection to the power amplifier ( 2 ). Arrangement according to Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that, when the ring is closed around the building, bridging of the multi-layer strip ( 3 ), eg at door and window openings, by means of normal insulated wire in Kabelkanälchen or armored cable special versions are provided. Arrangement according to claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the multilayer tape ( 3 ) Also on only a single wall in then angular or continuously curved arrangement, eg meandering, round or oval, optionally sprayed as a spiral. Arrangement according to claims 7 to 9 and 11, characterized in that the multilayer tape ( 3 ) laid surface but also under channels, eg cable channels, or is arranged under plaster. Arrangement according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the multilayer tape ( 3 ) Also depending on existing requirements in sections wall-locking and sections executed without conductive contact with the masonry. Use of the method and the arrangement according to all the above-mentioned claims for the purpose of restricting and suppressing fungal growth, wherein the sprayed electrodes ( 3 ) are arranged on the locations of the fungus or mold around, or around them. Use of the arrangement according to claim 8 for the purpose the construction of a Faraday cage for electrical shielding, with the spacing of the bands and the bandwidth itself according to the respectively measured interference field straightens and the ribbons on the surface, under plaster, under wallpaper or under color can be created.