DE421265C - Guide or impeller blade for centrifugal machines, especially water, steam or gas turbines, with the smallest hydraulic resistance - Google Patents

Guide or impeller blade for centrifugal machines, especially water, steam or gas turbines, with the smallest hydraulic resistance

Info

Publication number
DE421265C
DE421265C DEA40026D DEA0040026D DE421265C DE 421265 C DE421265 C DE 421265C DE A40026 D DEA40026 D DE A40026D DE A0040026 D DEA0040026 D DE A0040026D DE 421265 C DE421265 C DE 421265C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
steam
hydraulic resistance
guide
gas turbines
impeller blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEA40026D
Other languages
German (de)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer Escher Wyss GmbH
Original Assignee
Escher Wyss Maschinenfabriken AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Escher Wyss Maschinenfabriken AG filed Critical Escher Wyss Maschinenfabriken AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE421265C publication Critical patent/DE421265C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16Stators
    • F03B3/18Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/141Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F03B3/121Blades, their form or construction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

Leit- oder Laufradschaufel für Kreiselmaschinen, insbesondere Wasser-, Dampf-oder Gasturbinen, mit kleinstem hydraulischen Widerstand. Es sind vielfache Versuche bekannt, füx die Hüllflächen von Leitvorrichtungen und Schaufeln von Turbinen und Kreiselpumpen, Propellern und Schiffsschrauben. Formen kleinsten hydraulischen Widerstandes zu findem und diese Formen durch mathematische Gleichungen festzulegen. Im besonderen ist ermittelt worden, daß eine Stetigkeit des überganges der Krümmungsradien vorhanden. sein muß, daß am Schaufelende eine Umkehrspitze zweckmäßig und daß zwischen. den Punkten der größten Höhe und der hinteren Spitze eine Wendetangente von Vorteil ist.Guide or impeller blade for centrifugal machines, in particular water, steam or gas turbines, with the lowest possible hydraulic resistance. Numerous attempts are known for the enveloping surfaces of guide devices and blades of turbines and centrifugal pumps, propellers and ship's propellers. To find forms of smallest hydraulic resistance and to determine these forms by means of mathematical equations. In particular, it has been determined that the transition of the radii of curvature is continuous. it must be that a reversal tip is expedient at the end of the blade and that between. the points of greatest height and the rear tip is an inflectional tangent of advantage.

Gegenstand dieser Erfindung ist eine Schaufel :dieser Art, an, welcher diese im einzelnen bekannten Merkmale vereinigt sind und die, symmetrisch zu einer Mittelachse angeordnet, den kleinsten Widerstand tatsächlich aufweist. Ihre Kennzeichen bestehen darin, daß der Meridianschnitt der Umhüllungsfläche symmetrisch zu einer Mittelachse liegt und durch die Gleichung bestimmt ist. In dieser Gleichung bedeutenx und y die Koordinaten irgendeines Kurvenpunktes in einem kartesischen Koordinatensystem und a und b beliebige Konstanten, welche die Abmessungen der Schaufeln. bestimmen.The subject of this invention is a blade: of this type, which combines these individually known features and which, arranged symmetrically to a central axis, actually has the lowest resistance. Their characteristics are that the meridional section of the envelope surface is symmetrical to a central axis and by the equation is determined. In this equation, x and y denote the coordinates of some curve point in a Cartesian coordinate system and a and b denote any constants which the dimensions of the blades. determine.

:Auf der Zeichnung sind Formen von Schaufeln nach der Erfindung beispielsweise veranschaulicht.: In the drawing, shapes of blades according to the invention are for example illustrated.

Abb. i zeigt geometrische Beziehungen, auf Grund ;welcher die Meridiankurve der Schaufeln konstruiert werden kann, und Abb. 2 und 3 zeigen verschiedene Schaufelformen.Fig. I shows geometrical relationships on the basis of which the meridian curve of the blades can be constructed, and Figures 2 and 3 show different blade shapes.

Die geometrische Interpretation der angegebenen Gleichung in einem kartesischen Koordinatensystem zeigt, daB die durch diese Gleichung dargestellte Kurve für die Abszisse x = o zu einer Umkehrspitze mit horizontaler Tangente wird. Für die Abszisse x = a wird die Ordinate y = b und für die Abszisse x =2a wird die Ordinate y = o, und die Kurve hat in diesem Punkte eine vertikale Tangente. Die Kurve erreicht ein Maximum für die Abszisse x = i, 5 ,a, und die dazugehörige maximale Ordinate hat einen. Wert Die Tangente der Kurve für die Abszisse x =a geht durch den o-Punkt des Ordinaten= systems. Der Abszisse entspricht ein Wendepunkt der Kurve, und es ist die Wendepunktstangente dargestellt durch Die Neigung der - Wendepunktstangente zur x-Achse ist wesentlich für die Größte des hydraulischen Widerstandes, welchen die Schaufeln der strömenden Flüssigkeit bietet, und zwar ist es erforderlich, um einen. möglichst kleinen hydraulischen Widerstand zu erhalten, die Neigung dieser Wendepunktstangente mit der Gröle der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit zu verändern. Es sollte also für jede Strömungsgeschwindigkeit ein anderes Achsenverhältnis gewählt werden.The geometric interpretation of the given equation in a Cartesian coordinate system shows that the curve represented by this equation becomes a reversal point with a horizontal tangent for the abscissa x = o. For the abscissa x = a , the ordinate becomes y = b and for the abscissa x = 2a the ordinate becomes y = o, and the curve has a vertical tangent at this point. The curve reaches a maximum for the abscissa x = i, 5, a, and the associated maximum ordinate has one. value The tangent of the curve for the abscissa x = a goes through the o-point of the ordinate = system. The abscissa corresponds to an inflection point of the curve, and the inflection point tangent is represented by The inclination of the inflection point tangent to the x-axis is essential for the greatest of the hydraulic resistance offered by the blades of the flowing liquid, namely it is necessary to one. To obtain the smallest possible hydraulic resistance, the inclination of this inflection point tangent to change with the magnitude of the flow velocity. So there should be a different axis ratio for each flow velocity to get voted.

Die angegebene Gleichung kann auch auf Zylinderkoordinaten umgeformt werden, wenn an Stelle der x-Achse ein Kreisbogen gewählt wird, wobei dann. die y-Achse zum Radiusvektor wird. Es ist auf diese Weise möglich, die Funktion auf Schaufelschnitte mit beliebig gekrümmter Mittellinie anzuwenden. Schaufeln der beschriebenen Art lassen sich sowohl als Leit- wie auch Laufschaufeln bei Kreiselmaschinen beliebiger Art, insbesondere aber bei Wasser-, Dampf- und Gasturbinen, verwenden.The given equation can also be converted to cylindrical coordinates if a circular arc is selected instead of the x-axis, where then. the y-axis becomes the radius vector. It is possible in this way to function on Use shovel cuts with any curved center line. Shovels of the described Kind can be used as guide vanes as well as rotating blades in centrifugal machines Art, but especially for water, steam and gas turbines.

Claims (1)

PATENT-ANsPRUCH: Leit- oder Laufradschaufehi, für Kreiselmaschinen., insbesondere Wasser-, Dampf-oder Gasturbinen, mit kleinstem hydraulischen Widerstand, dadurch. gekennzeichnet, daB der Meridianquerschnitt der Umhüllung symmetrisch zu einer Mittelachse bestimmt ist durch die Gleichung PATENT CLAIM: Leit- or Laufradschaufehi, for centrifugal machines., In particular water, steam or gas turbines, with the lowest hydraulic resistance, thereby. characterized in that the meridional cross-section of the envelope is determined symmetrically to a central axis by the equation
DEA40026D 1923-05-17 1923-05-29 Guide or impeller blade for centrifugal machines, especially water, steam or gas turbines, with the smallest hydraulic resistance Expired DE421265C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH104164T 1923-05-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE421265C true DE421265C (en) 1925-11-09

Family

ID=4362987

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DEA40026D Expired DE421265C (en) 1923-05-17 1923-05-29 Guide or impeller blade for centrifugal machines, especially water, steam or gas turbines, with the smallest hydraulic resistance

Country Status (5)

Country Link
AT (1) AT99553B (en)
CH (1) CH104164A (en)
DE (1) DE421265C (en)
FR (1) FR580271A (en)
GB (1) GB216113A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3722839A1 (en) * 1986-11-28 1990-02-08 Blauer Miklos Zoltan Dipl Masc Ideal streamlined body
CN110925127A (en) * 2019-12-26 2020-03-27 薛冻 Novel water flow generator

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0510417D0 (en) 2005-05-21 2005-06-29 Rotech Holdings Ltd Improved turbine
CN102011672B (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-07-25 清华大学 Mixed flow turbine employing novel guide blade and runner blade profile

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3722839A1 (en) * 1986-11-28 1990-02-08 Blauer Miklos Zoltan Dipl Masc Ideal streamlined body
CN110925127A (en) * 2019-12-26 2020-03-27 薛冻 Novel water flow generator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR580271A (en) 1924-11-04
AT99553B (en) 1925-04-10
CH104164A (en) 1924-06-16
GB216113A (en) 1924-10-09

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