DE4206873A1 - SAFETY HARNESS WITH INTERFERENCE FUNCTION - Google Patents

Abstract

A fall prevention safety harness is proposed, in particular for securing people carrying out work which involves a risk of falling, such as building and/or erection work or pit work in exposed or high places, comprising at least one belly strap 37, two seat straps 4 with leg straps 5, two shoulder straps 12 and in each case one pelvis and back strap 7 and stop and closure members connecting these, with an arresting eye for attaching an arresting rope 19. The safety harness has at least one arresting member 15 and at least one arresting eye 14, which arresting member is guided, on at least one strap portion 9 adjoining the shoulder straps 12a, 12b, so as to be slideable from a lower starting position 21 roughly in front of the belly of the wearer 10 in the event of a fall to an upper arresting position 22 roughly in front of the chest of the wearer 10, and is designed with braking means 16 to 18 which consume the energy of the fall in order to lessen the latter. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a safety harness with a collecting function, in particular to secure people when working with crashes start as construction and / or assembly work or shaft work exposed or high places, including at least one Waist belt, two seat belts with leg straps, two shoulder straps, as well one pelvic and one back strap and these connecting stop and Closure elements with a safety eye for connecting a safety rope.

Safety harnesses and safety harnesses are subject to the law on technical work equipment (device safety law) from 24.06.1968 or from 08/13/1979 and require evidence of compliance the safety requirements contained therein during an inspection a recognized test center.

The safety requirements stipulated by law regulations and test conditions for safety harnesses or Harnesses are in the DIN edition 7478 from August 1980, DK 614.895.1: 001.4: 620.1 (German standards) included. It says under point 3 "Term":

A full body harness is around the shoulders and chest, if necessary safety harness running around the thigh, which at proper use catches people who fall and thereby occurring forces on load-bearing body parts carries and keeps the body in an upright position.  

The safety harness must be provided in the standard Strength standards meet. The standard sheet concludes Attention is drawn to the fact that recent investigations into the impact forces occurring during the crash led to knowledge safety ropes that no longer make it seem advisable to use without energy absorber. Because the shock absorber achieved thereby fung leads to reduced stress in the event of a crash of the human body and the anchor point. This claim may be extremely high. When trying on one human body modeled torso weighing 100 kilos in the case of a fall from 2 meters or from a height of 4 meters up to 2000 kg amount of the catch forces determined. On the other hand, from crash Tried to test the human body in the fall arrest forces Size between 500 and 800 dN hardly without internal injuries can endure. The fall arrester equipped with a shock absorber belts reduce the magnitude of critical safety forces, however, to an unsatisfactory extent, the shock absorber disturbing while working with safety harnesses on or is felt uncomfortable. Because the safety harness must to actually perform its safety function, by the Person or from the institution for the entire duration of an activity should be worn in an exposed position and should be one on the one hand, guarantee the desired security function satisfactorily most, and on the other hand not too undue stress when wearing lead or even disabilities at work.

Now if the wearer of a safety harness is the biomechanical Withstood the stresses of a crash without internal injuries the rescue of the casualty occurs in the further course very determined on what other harmful changes in the body when hanging in the harness. A study of physiological stresses when hanging in Seat belts were designed by Dr. Peter Weber and wife Gerlinde Michels-Brendels at the Institute of Physiology at the University of Frank  ford and on the occasion of the exhibition for occupational safety unit A + A; 89 Dusseldorf. Published June 13-16, 1989. In this it is stated that it has not yet been clarified whether the after some Tests selected safety harnesses in the event of a crash Walk up a fixed ladder and fall over a flat ergonomic and occupational medical criteria rien are enough. This depends on whether and to what extent orthostatic circulatory problems occur due to hanging in the belt. This critical remark leads to the conclusion that up to the opposite really convincing results with the existing data systems of safety harnesses or safety harnesses have not been reached. This follows from the fact that the under systems looked healthy after a relatively short period of time Uniform impairments on test persons when hanging in open harnesses were found. After this investigation comes the orthostatic circulatory syndrome as a result of hanging in the Belt caused blood sagging in the periphery crucial negative meaning too. After a short time it occurs subjective shock indications and acute circulatory problems occur on. As a result, until shock symptoms occurred, the test persons the average length of stay Safety harnesses approximately in the condition "hanging in fall protection" 10 minutes, whereas the "free hanging" is an average of 26 minutes. Subjective shock indications revealed pressure and pain as a result of being too high or one-sided pressure loads on the belts.

The invention is based, the aforementioned Schwie and physiological or psychological limits reduce or overcome.

The object of the invention is to meet the following requirements:

• - The safety harness is designed to support the wearer in any of the difficult movement phases such as climbing a ladder, walking on exposed areas, performing work with and without Support operation of tools; it must not be an obstacle or even affect the feeling of security;
• - The safety harness should have fall damping means or be trained with those to crash on occurring impact forces under the physiological tolerance cushion the border during the fall;
• - The safety harness should hang the body in a hanging position hold such position and the occurring forces on one Variety of particularly suitable parts of the body ver divide and support, so that in this state optimal ar occupational medicine criteria are observed and the one occurrence of a shock state as far as possible or completely is avoided.

To solve the problem with the invention in a security dishes with catchment function in the preamble of the main claim mentioned type suggested that it has at least one catch organ has at least one eyelet attached to at least one the shoulder straps adjoining the belt section from a lower one Starting position in front of the wearer's belly in the event of a fall slidable into an upper catching position approximately in front of the wearer's chest is led and consume with fall energy to mitigate the fall the braking means is formed.

The safety harness adapts to all movements of the Wearer without disturbing or hindering him because in the Starting point of the connection point for the safety rope in front of the belly of the Wearer lies, which is why he uses his arms and hands is in no way hindered or unsettled. On the other hand  in the starting position, support for the wearer when climbing guaranteed.

Consume with fall energy by training the safety harness The fall arrest forces become the braking means already during the fall reduced to the extent that the risk increases the risk of internal or external Body injuries are minimized.

By shifting the catch point due to the on the belt sections upward sliding catcher will be at the end of the fall a particularly favorable attitude of the person when hanging in the catch belt reached, so far the physiological stress be reduced to a critical condition with pressure complaints and pain from belt parts, subjective shock indications, critical Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, critical Changes in pulse rate and respiratory rate largely or above long periods of time are avoided.

An expedient embodiment provides that one catch organ each on from the seat belt to the shoulder straps on either side of the Body extending belt sections is guided.

Another embodiment provides that the safety harness two intersecting in the buttocks area and there with a textile web has connected seat belts that go down to leg straps after turning over the thigh on the side buckle len the lap belt are attachable, and that the seat belts after at the top through loops on both sides of the lap belt led from there in one piece into the belt sections in the Area of the upper arm joints with the shoulder straps on buckles are adjustable in length and that the belt sections in the Zu interact with the catch organs slidably arranged on them as whose sliding guides are formed, and that the catching elements for Generation of a load-proportional braking effect to cushion the  fall-related sliding process at least two arranged on them and the belt sections each deflecting approximately at right angles as well between them forming a preferably textile braking surface Have guides.

Further advantageous embodiments are in accordance with the sub claims provided.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention emerge result from the following explanation of one in the drawings schematically illustrated embodiment.

The figures show in detail:

Fig. 1 A safety harness in a perspective perspective view;

Figure 2 shows in detail a catch element in arrangement on a belt, in a plan view.

Figure 3 shows a belt section, strapped to a shoulder belt, with a left-hand catch element in the starting position, in a plan view.

Fig. 4 in view of a person after a crash in the hanging position on the catchment;

Figure 5 is a plan view of an arrester element with integrated locking ear.

Fig. 5a and Fig. 5b each xx is a sectional view taken along the line or yy in Fig. 5.

The safety harness 1 shown in Fig. 1 with collecting function comprises two chest straps formed as belt portions 9 a, 9 b on. These are adjustable in length with buckles 13 a, 13 b and connected to shoulder straps 12 a, 12 b. The shoulder straps are arranged on a back part 28 , at the lower end of which they cross and then merge into lap belts 7 a, 7 b. Another back support 36 is arranged between these and connected to the abdominal straps 37 a, 37 b. These can be connected with a snap lock 38 a, 38 b in front of the stomach.

Furthermore, the safety harness 1 has two catch eyes 14 a, 14 b arranged on catch elements 15 a, 15 b. The catching elements 15 a, 15 b are on the seat belts 4 a, 4 b to the shoulder belts 12 a, 12 b on both sides of the body 20 ( FIG. 4) extending belt sections 9 a, 9 b from a lower starting position 21 the belly of the carrier 10 in an upper catching position 22 in front of the chest of the carrier 10 ( FIG. 4) slidably and designed to mitigate the fall with energy-consuming braking means 16 to 18 .

The safety harness has two seat belts 4 a, 4 b which intersect in the buttock area and are connected there with a textile web 3 , which go down to leg straps 5 a, 5 b after turning over the thighs on side buckles 6 a, 6 b Lap belt 7 are attachable. Up to the seat belts 4 a, 4 b through loops 8 a, 8 b to both sides of the lap belts 7 a, 7 b and pass from there in one piece into the belt section 9 a, 9 b or chest straps. These are fixed in the area of the upper arm joints with the shoulder straps 12 a, 12 b on buckles 13 a, 13 b. The belt sections 9 a, 9 b are designed in cooperation with the catch members 15 a, 15 b slidably arranged on them as their sliding guides. The catching elements 15 a, 15 b have at least two on them angeord designated and the belt sections 9 a, 9 h each deflecting at right angles and between them a textile braking surface 18 guides 16 , 17 to generate a load-proportional braking effect for cushioning the fall-related sliding process. Such a design of a catch organ 15 a, 15 b in Fig. 2 and Fig. 2a. The catching organs 15 a, 15 b with their eyelets 14 a, 14 b in accordance with the falling energy acting on the body weight (about 50 kg or more) to change a fall on this falling energy than from the starting position 21 in front of the stomach of the wearer 10 in the catching position 22 in front of the same chest under load proportional braking adjustable stop points for the safety rope 19 formed, as can be seen from the synopsis of FIGS . 1 to 4.

The core of the connection constituting catch organ 15 a, 15 b consists of a multi-layer sewn belt piece, the seat belt 4 facing end 25 is formed with a loop 26 and a first belt buckle 16 is sewn therein. The opposite end 23 is also formed as a loop 27 and the eyelet 14 a, 14 b is sewn therein. In the area between the belt buckle 16 and eyelet 14 , a second belt buckle 17, which is transverse to the connecting line xx, is arranged. Each belt section 9 a, 9 b is guided with an approximately rectangular deflection 30 through the two belt buckles 16 , 17 in braking contact with the textile braking surface 18 formed in the region of the deflection 30 .

Furthermore, FIG. 2, the second buckle 17 is fixed by means of a piece of webbing 29 on the catch member 15 with sutures 33rd The webbing 29 is wrapped around a web 32 of the belt buckle 16 to form a loop 31 and with both ends 34 , 35 is placed approximately at a right angle around the axis xx to form the textile braking surface 18 and sewn there with seams 38 , with one end 35 around a middle web of the second belt buckle 17 looped around and is fixing them in their position, retracted by the belt buckle, then both ends 34 , 35 are fixed according to the dashed hint in FIG. 2 on the back of the catch organ 15 by means of seams 33 .

In Fig. 3 the slidably guided arrangement of the catching member 15 b on the belt portion 9 b is shown in detail. The catching member 15 is in the starting position 21 , as this corresponds to the Dar position in FIG. 1. It can be seen that in this position of the connection point, the carrier 10 is at least impeded in the movement space of his arms and hands as well as in his walking movements or during a climbing movement, and support is offered to the carrier when climbing without the starting position of the catching elements changing .

Fig. 3 also shows that in the area of the right-angled deflection 30, a safety and clamping element 40 , preferably a textile belt piece, is arranged, which extends over the belt deflection and runs approximately at a 450 angle to the connecting line xx and on the one hand with the end 25 and on the other hand with the other end 23 of the belt piece is sewn, whereby the deflection of the belt portion 9 b is improved in position. On the belt sections 9 a, 9 b each at least one adjustable or slidably designed positioning nierstopper 39 for the catching members 15 a, 15 b is arranged. The position or the displacement of the positioning stop 39 takes place in accordance with the size and weight of the body 20 of the belted carrier 10th Preferably, the positioning stop 39 on the belt section 9 a, 9 b is net angeord in the middle of the chest of the wearer 10 . It is also advantageous if the length-adjusting buckles 13 connecting the shoulder straps 12 and the belt sections 9 are designed to form a positioning stop 39 for the catching elements.

The comparatively comfortable position of the carrier 10 hanging in the safety harness can be clearly seen from FIG. 4. The body 20 is in a relaxed position as in a hammock, which is achieved in that the attachment point at the catching position 22 is at a distance from the chest of the wearer 10 and is caught as in the comfortable position shown. The backbone is relieved, the weight of the shoulder area hangs in the shoulder straps 12 a, 12 b and the body weight rests to a large extent on the seat belts 4 a, 4 b. The waist belt 37 with the Schnappver circuit 38 a, 38 b is closed and the lower part of the back is supported with the back support 36 in the manner of a backrest. The wearer has arms and hands free and can, as indicated purely schematically, stabilize his position with the right arm or the hand of the right arm. In this position, as intensive tests have shown, a person can persevere for hours without noticeable physiological stress, such as critical changes in cardiovascular parameters, breathing behavior, blood volume shift, etc.

Fig. 5 shows the top view of the catch member 15 b with integrated locking eye 41 b. In this variant of the catching element, the abdominal belt 37 a, 37 b can be omitted. In the catch member 15 a, not shown, a corresponding locking eye is also integrated. In this way, a loop 14 a can be omitted. The safety harness, which otherwise corresponds to FIG. 1, thus has two catch elements 15 a, 15 b, each with an integrated locking eye 41 a, 41 b, and has only one eye 14 b, to which the safety cable 19 is attached.

Fig. 5b shows a section along the line xx, the multi-layer sewn strap 43 of the catch 15 b between the eye 14 b and buckle 16 and the textile braking surfaces 18 between the strap 29 and the strap 43 of the catch 15 b. Between the textile braking surfaces 18 runs the webbing section 9 b, which in turn serves as a sliding guide for the catching element 15 . The locking eyelet 41 b is connected in the following manner to the strap piece 43 of the catching element 15 b: The end of the strap piece facing the catching eyelet 14 b is designed to form the loop 27 and the catch eye is sewn therein. The longer end of the belt piece forms a second loop 26 at the end 25 facing the seat belt, into which the central web of the first belt buckle 16 is sewn. The returned by the belt buckle 16 in the direction of the eyelet 14 b end of the belt piece 43 forms a further loop 42 , in which the closure eyelet 41 b is sewn. All the layers of the webbing piece 43 arranged one above the other are sewn together. The Gurtbandab section 9 b is through the belt buckle 16 from below and the loop 26 of the belt piece 43 overlapping and the web 32 with the loop of the belt piece 29 is guided approximately at right angles upwards and passed through the second belt buckle 17 , as is done with the loop arrow 45 is indicated. FIG. 5a shows a section along the line yy in FIG. 5 the course of the piece of webbing 29 , whereby the second belt buckle 17 is secured in its position on the catching element. It is well recognized that the two-ply webbing 29 is located after the deflection of approximately 90 ° behind the buckle 16 between the four-layer belt portion 9b. The webbing 29 is laid in one layer around the central web 44 of the second belt buckle 17 , returned and sewn to the underside of the belt piece 43 of the catching element. It can also be seen that the distinctly long textile braking surface 18 ( FIG. 2; FIG. 5) when the catching element 15 b slowly slides on the belt section 9 b from the lower starting position 21 into the catching position 22 of the person 10 who has fallen, and in the process weight-proportional fall energy degrades ( Fig. 4).

In this respect, the invention ideally fulfills the above demand for a comfortable way of wearing, cushioning the case and physiologically harmless hanging position. It is clear make sure that the brake energy-consuming brake fluid is not uncommon must have textile braking surfaces, like this the only one Embodiment has been described, but that also plastic or plastic-like materials such as rubber-coated materia lien can be used, each with high coefficient of friction exhibit. Such braking means also fall under the invention Catching organ, which, for example, wraps around the belt section several times and this buckle which deflects at a right angle or as buckles plate are formed with several deflection webs.  

List of reference numbers

1 safety harness
2 intersection area
3 textile web
4 seat belt
5 leg strap
6 buckles
7 lap belt and back belt
8 loops
9 belt sections
10 carriers / person
11 shoulders
12 shoulder strap
13 buckles
14 eye
15 trap
16 first belt buckle
17 second belt buckle
18 textile braking surface
19 safety rope
20 bodies
21 Starting point
22 snap position
23 opposite end
24 loop
25 end facing the seat belt
26 loop
27 loop
28 back part
29 pieces of the webbing
30 right angle deflection
31 loop
32 bridge
33 seams
34 end
35 end
36 back support
37 waist belts
38 seams
39 position stops
40 securing and clamping element
41 locking eye
42 loop
43 strap of the catching element
44 middle web of the buckle 17
45 wrap arrow

Claims (12)

1. safety harness with a fall arrest function, in particular for securing people when working with a risk of falling, such as construction and / or assembly work or shaft work at exposed or high places, comprising at least one abdominal belt ( 37 ), two seat belts ( 4 ) with leg belts ( 5 ), two school harnesses ( 12 ), as well as a pelvic and back belt ( 7 ) and these connecting and locking elements, with a safety eye ( 14 ) for connecting a safety cable ( 19 ), characterized in that the safety harness at least one safety element ( 15 ) with at least one eye ( 14 ), which on at least one of the shoulder straps ( 12 a, 12 b) adjoining belt section ( 9 ) from a lower starting position ( 21 ) approximately in front of the stomach of the wearer ( 10 ) in the event of a fall is slidably guided into an upper catching position ( 22 ) approximately in front of the chest of the wearer ( 10 ) and to alleviate the fall with brake means ( 1 6 to 18 ) is formed. 2. Safety harness according to claim 1, characterized in that a catch member ( 15 a, 15 b) from the seat belt ( 4 a, 4 b) to the shoulder straps ( 12 a, 12 b) on both sides of the body extending belt sections ( 9 a, 9 b) is performed. 3. Safety harness according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two seat belts ( 4 a, 4 b) which intersect in the buttock area and there are connected to a textile web ( 3 ) and which are downward in leg straps ( 5 a, 5 b) can be fastened after turning around the thighs on side buckles ( 6 a, 6 b) of the lap belt ( 7 ), and that the seat belts ( 4 a, 4 b) upwards through loops ( 8 a, 8 b) on both sides the lap belt ( 7 ) passed through and from there in one piece into the belt sections ( 9 a, 9 b) passing in the area of the upper arm joints with the shoulder straps ( 12 a, 12 b) on buckles ( 13 a, 13 b) are adjustable in length and that the Gurtab sections ( 9 a, 9 b) in cooperation with the catch elements slidably arranged on them ( 15 a, 15 b) are designed as their sliding guides, and that the catch elements ( 15 a, 15 b) for generating a braking force proportional to the load Cushioning of the slide operations caused by the fall s each have at least one guide ( 16 , 17 ) arranged on them and each deflecting the belt sections ( 9 a, 9 b) approximately at right angles and forming a preferably textile braking surface ( 18 ) between them. 4. Safety harness according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the catching elements ( 15 a, 15 b) with their eyelets ( 14 a, 14 b) in accordance with the falling energy acting upon the body weight when falling on this falling energy In the starting position ( 21 ) approximately in front of the belly of the wearer ( 10 ) in the catching position ( 22 ) approximately in front of the chest thereof, load points for the safety rope ( 19 ) which are displaceable under load-proportional braking are formed. 5. Safety harness according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the catch member ( 15 a, 15 b) consists of a multi-layer sewn strap piece, the seat belt ( 4 ) facing end ( 25 ) is formed with a loop ( 26 ) and a first belt buckle ( 16 ) is sewn into it, and that the opposite end ( 23 ) is also designed as a loop ( 27 ) and the eyelet ( 14 a, 14 b) is sewn into it, and that in the area between the belt buckle ( 16 ) and eyelet ( 14 ) to the connecting line (xx) transverse second buckle ( 17 ) is arranged, each strap section ( 9 a, 9 b) with a right-angled deflection ( 30 ) through the two straps ( 16 , 17 ) in Brake contact is carried out with the textile braking surface ( 18 ) formed in the region of the deflection ( 30 ). 6. Safety harness according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second belt buckle ( 17 ) is fixed by means of a piece of webbing ( 29 ) on the catch element ( 15 ) with seams ( 33 ), the webbing ( 29 ) forming a Loop ( 31 ) wraps around a web ( 32 ) of the belt buckle ( 16 ) with both ends ( 34 , 35 ) approximately at a right angle around the axis (xx) to form the textile braking surface ( 18 ) and is sewn there, with one end ( 35 ) wrapping around a central web of the second belt buckle ( 17 ) and pulling it through in a fixed position, and both ends ( 34 , 35 ) are fixed on the back of the catching element ( 15 ) by means of seams ( 33 ). 7. Safety harness according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the area of the right-angled deflection ( 30 ), a safety and clamping element ( 40 ), preferably a textile belt piece, is arranged which crosses the belt deflection and is approximately at a 450 angle to the connecting line (xx ) runs and is sewn on the one hand to the end ( 25 ) and on the other hand to the other end ( 23 ) of the belt piece. 8. Safety harness according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one adjustable or displaceable positioning stopper ( 39 ) for the catch elements ( 15 a, 15 b) is arranged on the belt sections ( 9 a, 9 b). 9. Safety harness according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the setting or the displacement of the positioning stopper ( 39 ) is predetermined in accordance with the size and weight of the body ( 20 ) of the belted carrier ( 10 ). 10. Safety harness according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length-adjusting, the shoulder straps ( 12 a, 12 b) and the belt sections ( 9 a, 9 b) connecting buckles ( 13 a, 13 b) to a positioning stopper ( 39 ) are designed for the catch organs ( 15 a, 15 b). 11. Safety harness according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning stopper ( 39 ) on the belt section ( 9 a, 9 b) is arranged in the region of the chest center of the wearer ( 10 ). 12. Safety harness according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on each arrester element (15 a, 15 b) each include a locking tab (41 a, 41 b), and (b 15) has a catch eyelet (14 b) to only one arrester element for a safety rope ( 19 ) is attached.