DE4138460C2 - Thermocouple arranged inside a protective tube - Google Patents
Thermocouple arranged inside a protective tubeInfo
- Publication number
- DE4138460C2 DE4138460C2 DE19914138460 DE4138460A DE4138460C2 DE 4138460 C2 DE4138460 C2 DE 4138460C2 DE 19914138460 DE19914138460 DE 19914138460 DE 4138460 A DE4138460 A DE 4138460A DE 4138460 C2 DE4138460 C2 DE 4138460C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- protective tube
- thermocouple
- arranged inside
- thermocouple arranged
- transparent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010051602 Laziness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
- G01J5/12—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/16—Special arrangements for conducting heat from the object to the sensitive element
- G01K1/18—Special arrangements for conducting heat from the object to the sensitive element for reducing thermal inertia
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen innerhalb eines Schutzrohres angeordnetes Thermoelement.The present invention relates to an inside Protective tube arranged thermocouple.
Derartige Thermoelemente, die aus zwei an zwei Stellen miteinander verlöteten, üblicherweise Drahtform aufweisenden Stücken aus verschiedenen Metallen bzw. Metallegierungen bestehen, werden zu Temperaturmessungen verwendet, da in ihnen eine der Temperatur proportionale Spannung, die sogenannte Thermospannung, erzeugt wird, wenn die beiden Lötstellen verschiedenen Temperaturen ausgesetzt werden. Zum Schutz vor mechanischen Beschädigungen ist ihre Anordnung innerhalb eines Schutzrohres üblich. Dieses kann auch aus einer Keramik bestehen (vgl. DE-B-20 21 044) oder aus einem Oxidkristall (vgl. DE-A-14 89 263), freilich nur in Gestalt einer Agglomeration von ggf. je für sich kristallinen Partikeln. Im herkömmlichen Sinne sind diese Schutzrohre nicht transparent, insbesondere nicht für Infrarotstrahlung; der Wärmeübergang an das Thermoelement geschieht ausschließlich durch Wärmeleitung durch das Schutzrohr hindurch, was zu erheblichen Zeitverzögerungen beim Ansprechen führt und infolge der Trägheit des Vorganges eine Verfolgung rascher Temperaturschwankungen unmöglich macht. Bei Auswahl geeigneter Materialien, z. B. einer Platin-Rhodium/Platin-Rhodium-Paarung (mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Legierungsanteilen) können Messungen bis zu ca. 1820°C durchgeführt werden. Aus der VDI-Zeitschrift 1969, Nr. 24, S. 1706-1712 ist es auch bekannt, die heiße Lötstelle des Thermoelements in einer Atmosphäre aus neutralem Schutzgas anzuordnen.Such thermocouples that consist of two in two places with each other soldered, usually wire-shaped pieces different metals or metal alloys exist used for temperature measurements, because one of the Temperature proportional voltage, the so-called Thermal voltage is generated when the two solder joints exposed to different temperatures. To protect against mechanical damage is their arrangement within a Protective tube usual. This can also be made from a ceramic consist (see. DE-B-20 21 044) or from an oxide crystal (cf. DE-A-14 89 263), of course only in the form of one Agglomeration of possibly crystalline particles. in the conventional protective tubes are not transparent, especially not for infrared radiation; the heat transfer on the thermocouple is made exclusively by thermal conduction through the protective tube, leading to considerable Delays in response leads and as a result of Laziness of action a pursuit faster Temperature fluctuations impossible. When choosing suitable Materials, e.g. B. a platinum-rhodium / platinum-rhodium pairing (with different alloy proportions) Measurements up to approx. 1820 ° C can be carried out. From the VDI magazine 1969, No. 24, pp. 1706-1712 is also known, the hot solder joint of the thermocouple in one Arrange atmosphere from neutral protective gas.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Thermoelement, das jenseits der genannten Temperatur auch in oxidierender Atmosphäre eingesetzt werden kann und das eine geringe Zeitverzögerung beim Ansprechen auf Wärmestrahlung aufweist, so daß rasche Temperaturschwankungen verfolgt werden können.The object of the present invention is a thermocouple beyond the specified temperature also in oxidizing Atmosphere can be used and that a slight time delay when responding to Has heat radiation, so that rapid temperature fluctuations can be tracked.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt dadurch, daß das Schutzrohr aus einer in Form eines Einkristals vorliegenden transparenten Keramik oder einem transparenten Oxidkristall besteht.This object is achieved in that the protective tube from one in the form of a single crystal transparent ceramic or a transparent oxide crystal.
Der Schmelzpunkt des Einkristalls bzw. des Oxidkristalls muß oberhalb der zu messenden Temperatur liegen. Als geeignete Werkstoffe, die sowohl die erforderliche Temperaturfestigkeit aufweisen als auch im Infrarotbereich des elektromagnetischen Wellenspektrums die erforderliche Durchlässigkeit aufweisen, kommen z. B. Saphir oder Zirkonoxid-Einkristalle in Frage. Diese Werkstoffe weisen neben einer hohen Korrosionsbeständigkeit eine gute mechanische Festigkeit auf und bieten dem Durchgang der Wärmestrahlung kein nennenswertes Hindernis. Aus den genannten Stoffen lassen sich ohne besondere Schwierigkeiten Einkristalle benötigter Größe züchten, die gegebenenfalls mittels geeigneter Verfahren, z. B. durch Ultraschallbohren, formgebend bearbeitet werden können.The melting point of the single crystal or the oxide crystal must lie above the temperature to be measured. As suitable Materials that both have the required temperature resistance have as well as in the infrared range of the electromagnetic Wave spectrum have the required permeability, come z. B. sapphire or zirconia single crystals in question. These materials have a high Corrosion resistance has good mechanical strength and offer nothing significant to the passage of heat radiation Obstacle. The substances mentioned can be used without particular difficulties of single crystals of the required size breed, if necessary using suitable methods, e.g. B. machined by ultrasonic drilling can.
Die das Thermoelement bildenden Drähte werden innerhalb des Schutzrohres zweckmäßigerweise gehaltert, um ihre Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen mechanische Einwirkungen von außen zu erhöhen, insbesondere ein Kurzschließen zu vermeiden. In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung bestehen auch diese Halterungen aus einer transparenten Keramik oder einem Oxidkristall. Wenn hierbei für die Halterung das gleiche Material wie für das Schutzrohr verwendet wird, werden Beeinträchtigungen der Warmfestigkeit, die sonst durch die unterschiedlichen Wärmedehnungen zweier Materialien auftreten könnten, vermieden.The wires forming the thermocouple are inside the Protective tube conveniently held to their resilience against mechanical influences from outside, in particular to avoid short-circuiting. In another Embodiment of the invention also consist of these brackets a transparent ceramic or an oxide crystal. If this is the same material for the bracket as used for the thermowell Impairment of the heat resistance that would otherwise be caused by the different thermal expansions of two materials occur could be avoided.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Schutzrohr evakuiert und vakuumdicht verschlossen. Die Korrosion der Thermoelemente wird so vermieden. In a further embodiment of the invention, the protective tube evacuated and sealed vacuum-tight. The corrosion of the This avoids thermocouples.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist die Atmosphäre innerhalb des Schutzrohres inert, und besteht z. B. aus Argon, Helium oder anderen Gasen. Auch so werden die Drähte des Thermoelementes vor Korrosion geschützt.In an alternative embodiment, the atmosphere is inert within the protective tube, and z. B. from argon, Helium or other gases. Even so, the wires of the Thermocouple protected from corrosion.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt, und zwar zeigt diese das Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Thermoelements im Axiallängsschnitt.An embodiment of the invention is in the drawing shown, and this shows the embodiment of the invention Thermocouple in axial longitudinal section.
Es besteht aus zwei Drähten 1, 2 aus Platin/Rhodium- Legierungen oder Wolfram/Rhodium-Legierungen für den Einsatz bei höheren Temperaturen. Diese sind an einer Lötstelle 3 miteinander verbunden. Die Drähte 1, 2 sind in Halterungen 4 gelagert und diese wiederum in einem Schutzrohr 5. Halterungen 4 und Schutzrohr bestehen z. B. aus Aluminiumoxid, und sind aus einem Einkristall (Saphir) dieses Stoffes herausgearbeitet. Das Schutzrohr 5 ist an seinem oberen Ende mit einem Deckel 6 aus jeweils einem hochtemperaturbeständi gen, aber nicht notwendigerweise für Wärmestrahlung besonders durchlässigen Stoff vakuumdicht verschlossen. Die Drähte 1, 2 werden durch Bohrungen im Deckel 6 nach außerhalb und schließlich zu hier nicht gezeigten Anzeigegeräten für die durch die Einwirkung der Wärme auf die erste Lötstelle 3 erzeugte Thermospannung geführt, z. B. zu einem Drehspulgalva nometer. Die Halterungen 4 sind zweckmäßigerweise am Deckel 6 angelötet, und ebenso wird letzterer mit dem Schutzrohr 5 verbunden. Wegen der erforderlichen Isolierung der Drähte 1, 2 finden hierfür vorzugsweise Glaslote Verwendung, doch ist auch die Verwendung von keramischen Loten bzw. Klebern möglich.It consists of two wires 1 , 2 made of platinum / rhodium alloys or tungsten / rhodium alloys for use at higher temperatures. These are connected to one another at a solder joint 3 . The wires 1 , 2 are mounted in holders 4 and these in turn in a protective tube 5 . Brackets 4 and protective tube exist z. B. made of aluminum oxide, and are worked out of a single crystal (sapphire) of this substance. The protective tube 5 is closed at its upper end with a cover 6 , each made of a high temperature resistant gene, but not necessarily material that is particularly permeable to thermal radiation. The wires 1 , 2 are guided through holes in the cover 6 to the outside and finally to display devices, not shown here, for the thermal voltage generated by the action of heat on the first soldering point 3 , for. B. to a moving coil galva nometer. The brackets 4 are expediently soldered to the cover 6 , and the latter is also connected to the protective tube 5 . Because of the required insulation of the wires 1 , 2 , glass solders are preferably used for this, but the use of ceramic solders or adhesives is also possible.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914138460 DE4138460C2 (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1991-11-22 | Thermocouple arranged inside a protective tube |
| JP5508874A JPH07501144A (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1992-11-12 | Sealed heat sensitive part of thermocouple |
| EP92923077A EP0613551A1 (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1992-11-12 | Vacuum-tight probe for a thermal element |
| PCT/DE1992/000942 WO1993010427A1 (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1992-11-12 | Vacuum-tight probe for a thermal element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914138460 DE4138460C2 (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1991-11-22 | Thermocouple arranged inside a protective tube |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE4138460A1 DE4138460A1 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
| DE4138460C2 true DE4138460C2 (en) | 1994-02-10 |
Family
ID=6445374
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914138460 Expired - Fee Related DE4138460C2 (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1991-11-22 | Thermocouple arranged inside a protective tube |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0613551A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07501144A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4138460C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993010427A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19840198A1 (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-10-21 | Rosemount Inc | Temperature probe in fluid with sapphire sensor for processing fluids, especially oil evaporation installations |
| DE102010063062A1 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2012-06-14 | Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co. Kg | Protective tube inner part for a thermometer with a protective tube |
| DE102011089942A1 (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2013-06-27 | Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co. Kg | Receiving device for measuring insert, has mold portion for fastening receiving device to pipeline, where mold portion has bore, in which component is inserted from end of bore |
| DE102012112579A1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2014-06-18 | Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co Kg | Receiving device, particularly protective tube, for measuring insert, particularly for determining temperature of measuring material in process container, has two sections, which are separated from each other through passage |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4418472C2 (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1998-03-19 | Hartmann & Braun Ag | Probe for temperature measurement of gases or liquids |
| CN1184461C (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2005-01-12 | 德士古发展公司 | Thermocouple for use in gasification process |
| CN1192222C (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2005-03-09 | 德士古发展公司 | Sapphire reinforced thermocouple protection tube |
| JP4484129B2 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2010-06-16 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | thermocouple |
| US7131768B2 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2006-11-07 | Harco Laboratories, Inc. | Extended temperature range EMF device |
| CZ302212B6 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2010-12-22 | CRYTUR@@spol@@s@r@@o | Thermocouple probe with a casing for measuring temperature values in extreme conditions |
| DE102008060033B4 (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2013-08-14 | Temperaturmeßtechnik Geraberg GmbH | Temperature sensor for turbocharger |
| DE102011083437B4 (en) | 2011-01-10 | 2013-07-18 | Klaus Irrgang | Universal high temperature element |
| DE202011001280U1 (en) | 2011-01-10 | 2012-04-18 | Klaus Irrgang | Universal high temperature element |
| CN102703967A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-10-03 | 湖南红太阳光电科技有限公司 | Thermocouple device for polycrystal ingot furnace |
| DE202012104929U1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-02-12 | Klaus Irrgang | Thermoelectric high-temperature sensor with a sheathed cable |
| DE202013100708U1 (en) | 2013-02-18 | 2013-04-05 | Klaus Irrgang | Temperature sensor for fast temperature changes |
| JP6452606B2 (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2019-01-16 | 株式会社フルヤ金属 | thermometer |
| US9598976B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 | 2017-03-21 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Ceramic pedestal and shield for gas path temperature measurement |
| JP5618310B1 (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-11-05 | 株式会社岡崎製作所 | Temperature sensor for high temperature |
| DE202015008966U1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-05-02 | Temperaturmeßtechnik Geraberg GmbH | Modular structured high-temperature sensor |
| CN107221595B (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-06-07 | 徐荣华 | Vacuum Heat fulgurite |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2948766A (en) * | 1955-04-30 | 1960-08-09 | Degussa | Tungsten/rhenium thermocouples |
| US3379578A (en) * | 1964-11-19 | 1968-04-23 | Corhart Refractories Co | Immersion-type thermocouple having a sheath composed of a sintered ceramic refractory |
| GB1131145A (en) * | 1966-05-18 | 1968-10-23 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating thermoelectric devices |
| DE2021044B2 (en) * | 1969-08-08 | 1972-02-10 | Egyesult Izzolampa es Villamossagi Reszvenytarsasag, Budapest | THERMOCOUPLE WIRE THERMOCOUPLE AND THERMODETECTORS |
| AT329299B (en) * | 1974-01-18 | 1976-05-10 | Plansee Metallwerk | ARRANGEMENT FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT OF METAL MELT |
| DE3528161C1 (en) * | 1985-08-06 | 1986-10-23 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Thermocouple for measuring temperatures in vacuum furnaces |
-
1991
- 1991-11-22 DE DE19914138460 patent/DE4138460C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-11-12 EP EP92923077A patent/EP0613551A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-11-12 WO PCT/DE1992/000942 patent/WO1993010427A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-11-12 JP JP5508874A patent/JPH07501144A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19840198A1 (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-10-21 | Rosemount Inc | Temperature probe in fluid with sapphire sensor for processing fluids, especially oil evaporation installations |
| DE19840198B4 (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 2007-09-13 | Rosemount Inc., Eden Prairie | Temperature probe with sapphire temperature gauge |
| DE102010063062A1 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2012-06-14 | Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co. Kg | Protective tube inner part for a thermometer with a protective tube |
| WO2012079941A1 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2012-06-21 | Endress+Hauser Wetzer Gmbh+Co. Kg | Protective tube inner part for a thermometer with a protective tube |
| US9074946B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2015-07-07 | Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co. Kg | Protective tube inner part for a thermometer with a protective tube |
| EP2652470B1 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2017-05-24 | Endress+Hauser Wetzer GmbH+CO. KG | Protective tube inner part for a thermometer with a protective tube |
| DE102011089942A1 (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2013-06-27 | Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co. Kg | Receiving device for measuring insert, has mold portion for fastening receiving device to pipeline, where mold portion has bore, in which component is inserted from end of bore |
| DE102012112579A1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2014-06-18 | Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co Kg | Receiving device, particularly protective tube, for measuring insert, particularly for determining temperature of measuring material in process container, has two sections, which are separated from each other through passage |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH07501144A (en) | 1995-02-02 |
| WO1993010427A1 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
| EP0613551A1 (en) | 1994-09-07 |
| DE4138460A1 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |