DE4129415A1 - Treating contaminated soils and waters - by forming floating contaminant-contg. foam layers - Google Patents

Abstract

Contaminated soil treatment involves; a) mixing the soil with water; 2) removing the resulting floating contaminant-contg. foam layer from the mixt.; 3) sepg. the treated soil from the water; 4) circulating the water with the dissolved and/or suspended matter of the soil/water mixt. under turbulent conditions so that a soil-free interlayer is formed between the soil/water mixt. and the floating contaminant-contg. foam layer; and 5) removing the foam layers at set time intervals until the interlayer exhibits a constant absorption value for light of predetermined wavelength. Also claimed are similar methods for treating contaminated still or flowing waters and appts. for carrying out the process. ADVANTAGE - Contaminants are removed by a floatation effect and time-consuming, expensive pre-analysis of the entire contamination is not required, analysis of only the residual contamination (e.g. in the interlayer) being carried out.

Description

The invention relates to a method for processing contaminated soils, in the contaminated soil and water mixed on the soil-water Mixture of floating, foam-like and contaminated layers removed, the processed soil and the dissolved or suspended substances Water are separated from each other, as well as a device for performing the Procedure.

The removal of contaminated soil in contaminated soil is one of the most urgent Problems to reduce pollution. It is often no longer from the beginning detectable which contaminations penetrated into the soil or the soil gen.

In addition, there are further problems, since in practice it cannot be ruled out that on the site of chemical or pharmaceutical companies, on the site of Metallurgical plants, refineries, galvanizing plants, painting companies etc., chemical ver bindings such as pesticides and pesticides, oils, lubricants, Light and heavy oils, transformer oils, fats, acids, washing raw materials etc., waste water from tank cleaning systems to leaks in containers and lines often go unnoticed in the floor, d. H. get into the ground and deposit there as contaminations.  

The invention is concerned with the treatment of such contaminated soils, i. H. contaminated soil, not with the disposal of concrete floors etc., which also Can absorb contamination in significant quantities.

Floor washers are known, which are stationary devices, which the abge Carried and contaminated soil is supplied, this with che mix solvents and then the contaminations as mixtures ex be treated, which must then be treated as hazardous waste. This takes place in essentially by removing the water from these mixtures except for a remainder that is cleaned in sewage treatment plants and fed back into the water network.

The thickened residues are then used in waste incineration plants for hazardous waste burned, polluting for example by the formation of dioxins cannot be excluded.

Processes for treating contaminated soils are also known (DE-PS 38 07 487), by contaminating the soil with water and with the biodegradation of bacteria favoring contamination and given the mixture if added with dispersing substances and with heating to 25 ° to 35 ° C is mixed. In addition, oxygen is added and mixing continues continued until the contaminants cleared and the processed soil of the Mischan location taken.

The invention is based on the randomly observed effect that when shaking a Soil (earth) -water mixture on the mirror of the mixture always one layer floats with components of the soil.

The reason for the formation of the floating layer is probably that Soil always has a significant proportion of air, with air bubbles on organi components such as root system, compost particles, etc., which then stick lead to the floating of the relevant particles.

Studies have led to the surprising results that these on floating, foam-like layer at least part of the contamination of the Bo dens contains if it is contaminated.

Presumably this is an effect of that in swimming preparation ore is used.  

When the ores are prepared for swimming, they are minced and the mine ralteilchen separated from the gait in that from the cloudy, from the solid Feed material (minced ores), water with additional liquids and air bubbles consists of certain mineral particles depending on the composition of the slurry sticking air bubbles in the foam standing over the cloudy and with the sem be fed to another treatment.

The controllable surface properties of the are the basis of the flotation processes Minerals, since the minerals present in the finely ground ore are partially wettable and some have water-repellent properties. The water repellent (Hydrophobic) mineral particles have a tendency to accumulate air.

Finely divided air introduced into the solid-water mixture (the turbidity) hangs in the form of air bubbles on these mineral particles and makes them float. Which is in a foam on the mirror (surface) of the solid-water mixture The accumulating hydrophobic ore constituents are then removed with a scraper direction lifted off. The control of the surface properties of the mineral particles is done by adding chemical substances, taking the floating agents in foaming mer, collectors and regulating floating means divided, with which the separate Ab The different minerals are separated.

The inventor has made the surprising finding that contaminated in principle Soils can be prepared by shaking soil-water mixtures, to prevent at least part of the contamination with the floating layer Remove, with additives possible, further contamination of the mixture to withdraw.

The invention is based, based on this surprising He the task Results a method for processing contaminated soil, and an apparatus to accomplish the procedure.

The task, on this basis, of a process for treating contaminated soils create, is achieved according to the invention in that contaminated soil and water are mixed, the foam-like floating on the soil-water mixture and contaminated layer is removed, the prepared soil and the water containing dissolved or suspended substances is separated from one another, by the water with the dissolved or suspended substances of the soil Water mixture is circulated with turbulence so that between the soil-water mixture and the floating, foam-like and Kontami  layer containing nations forms an intermediate layer free of soil, in the foregoing the time intervals the floating, foam-like and contamination NEN-containing layers are removed until the light absorption of the intermediate layer shows a constant absorption value for light of a given wavelength.

Since there is always a floating, foam-like and con Forming layer containing contaminants, the method is carried out so that first creates a floating layer without prior analysis, removes it and only then analyzes for the contaminants remaining in the mixture respectively. In principle, the contamination can be based on chemi shear analyzes can be determined, for example by removing samples from the intermediate layer be taken.

In complete departure from the prior art, a determination of the Contamination can be performed by absorption spectral analysis by the intermediate layer by absorption spectral analysis on characteristic lines or Bands of contamination is examined.

This can be done automatically using the saved lines and bands and if necessary by using computers, as is the case with material testing of alloys using quantometers.

If necessary, it is necessary to filter the intermediate layer by floating part liberate.

In complete departure from the previous state of the art, analyzes are not carried out in advance all contaminations. These measures result in a considerable time savings and cost savings.

The formation of the intermediate layer is essential to the invention. As long as the floating layer is formed, there is a visual brightening (decrease in turbidity) Intermediate layer to recognize up to a constant value, in many cases the Intermediate layer can be detected visually as a clear liquid layer.

According to the invention, the intermediate layer has the function of a sensor, by adding play at a predetermined distance from each other two photodiodes in the intermediate layer be arranged in the beam path of a light source and the decrease in intensity of the Light is continuously measured on the path between the two diodes, from the Output signals of the two photodiodes are continuously formed and differential signal  if these difference signals remain constant, the further processing is stopped because no further contamination of the floating layer can be supplied. According to the invention, the length of the time interval that is used for the Decontamination is necessary so that "idle times" be avoided.

It is known that molecules have characteristic absorption lines or bands for be tuned wavelengths. According to the invention is therefore in a further embodiment Invention an absorption spectral analysis of the intermediate layer with light different Wavelengths carried out so that in complete departure from the previous chemical Analysis method the contamination with the method of absorption spectral analysis be recorded.

In general, the intermediate layer is therefore not only used to determine the time intervals used, but also to determine the contamination, whereby self ver it is a prerequisite that they are in solution.

In general, the inventive method is carried out in such a way that Contamination with the floating foam initially without prior analysis like layer are removed, the end of this process stage by the lau measuring the absorption value of the intermediate layer is monitored. Then Appropriate substances are added to the mixture, so that further contaminants ions go into solution, which are then removed in the further process stages.

It is also easily possible by using computers with the above mentioned stored data to carry out the procedure automatically and by means of Microprocessors, etc. the valves and other actuators of the device for through control the conduct of the process.

According to the invention, corresponding to those determined by chemical analysis Contamination of the water chemical compounds for transferring further Contamination in the floating, foam-like and the contaminations ent holding layer can be added.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the soil-water Mix in addition to the circulated water with the solution or suspended contaminants still air and / or steam supplied so that a possible deficit in air is safely compensated and the steam warms the  Mixture is possible, which is particularly necessary at low outside temperatures can be.

In a still further embodiment of the invention, it will be the soil-water mixture in addition to the circulated water with the contaminants going into or suspended solutions still inert gas and / or Steam supplied. The use of inert gas instead of air prevents it wanted reactions in the mixture.

To achieve additional chemical reactions, one will or will be Another embodiment of the invention, the soil-water mixture in addition to the circulated water with the contaminations going into solution at least one contamination chemically reacting reaction gas and given if steam is supplied.

In order to achieve a higher solubility of the contaminants in the mixture, in a still further embodiment of the invention during at least one of the times tervalle the level of the soil-water mixture with pressurized gas hits.

It may also be necessary to leave non-solution, remaining in the gas phase Remove contaminations in the gas phase from the mixture.

In a still further embodiment of the invention, at least one of the Time intervals generated above the level of the soil-water mixture negative pressure.

According to the invention, the Invention of the gas- above the level of the soil-water mixture and or vapor phase for the excretion in the gas and or vapor form passed contamination in a closed circuit of a separator tion for these contaminants.

In a still further embodiment of the invention, the separation of highly toxic against heavy metals such as cadmium field placed on two electrode plates immersed in the soil-water mixture.

According to the invention, mercury can be separated in such a way that the swirls treatment of the soil-water mixture in the presence of in the soil-water mixture immersed copper networks is carried out.  

In a further embodiment of the invention, the soil-water mixture Ultrasonic waves are coupled in, so that the soil particles are additionally crushed and there is still a better mixing of the soil-water mixture.

The task of creating a device for performing the method, he will solved according to the invention in that the device has a working container, the Tank bottom has nozzles for supplying the water to be circulated Compressed air nozzles and an overflow edge to remove the floating, foam-like and contaminated layers and has at least one suction pipe for water.

The device can according to the invention ver about an axis in three positions have swiveling work containers, one parallel to the axis of the work container orderly and in the second working position of the work container in the lower Apex line of the inner wall of the suction pipe for water and white terhin a tilting device for pivoting the work container into the first, in the second and the third working position, in which the working container prepares the transfers the bottom into a collecting container.

The compressed air nozzles have the function of a mechanical one Wipers are practically not susceptible to failure and make a complex drive and a positive guidance for an otherwise required mechanical wiper liquid.

According to a preferred embodiment, the working container according to the invention ter a rectangular cross-section, the suction pipe along that from the bottom and the one side wall formed inner edge which runs in the third position the lower vertex. Through these measures is a pouring channel formed, which allows the water to be sucked off particularly quickly.

In a still further embodiment of the invention, the working container has at least at least one side wall suction nozzles for suction of the first formed floating, foam-like and contaminated layer, so that the first floating layer, which has a rough structure, must be removed separately can.  

In a further embodiment of the invention, the working container has further nozzles for the supply of air, inert gas and / or reaction gas, so that the mixture after the principle of the mammoth pump is swirled effectively.

In order to shred the solid earth particles as effectively as possible, the working container has a vibrating floor or ultrasound heads.

In a still further embodiment of the invention, the working container has a Lids and connections for devices for generating a positive or negative pressure on, for the deposition of heavy metals plate electrodes and a DC chip generation producers and copper networks for the amalgamation of mercury.

In a still further embodiment of the invention, the working container has an on direction with a light source, photodiodes and an evaluation device for loading correct the absorption values and / or the contamination.

According to a preferred embodiment, the device has a device to carry out the absorption spectral analysis and a calculator for the determination contamination.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the device is in a street integrated vehicle and the work container in the longitudinal direction of the road Witnesses axis pivotally arranged.

Through these measures is a mobile and also the conditions of road traffic kehrs adapted processing plant created, which, in contrast to fixed plant in places where floors have to be prepared, especially quickly on kata strophic locations can be used.

In a further embodiment of the invention, towards the end of the process added chemical compounds to bind the residual contaminants, because the on successive or successively floating foam-like and contaminations layers containing nations due to the decreasing concentrations of Contaminations float in ever smaller amounts, so that after a The number of cycles to be determined experimentally is more economical in the final phase chemical compounds or optionally ion exchangers and the like set, especially when extremely high demands are placed on the decontamination process be put. It has been shown that in a surprisingly large amount area of application for this WASTE 3400 is particularly effective.  

As is well known, problems also arise when processing contaminated stands and contaminated flowing water.

As is known, contaminated flowing and contaminated standing water large amounts of substances polluting the environment. For example, there are many rivers beds, the estuary of rivers, the coastal area of seas or Lakes in the catchment area of industrial plants with heavy metal compounds with metals such as mercury and cadmium Salts such as especially potassium salts are heavily contaminated, so that especially when drinking water treatment of bank filtrate result in considerable problems that are not yet satisfactory are solved or require extremely high uneconomical effort.

In many accidents on rivers and lakes, as well as in the coastal area float films of oils, fuels or films of chemical compounds on the water surface conditions, the elimination of which has also not yet been satisfactorily resolved. In principle the contamination floating on the surface with considerable amounts of water pumped out and disposed of on land.

The invention is therefore based on the further object based on the above The inventor made a surprising discovery of a method for processing to create contaminated flowing or contaminated standing water, white Furthermore, the still further task of devices for performing these methods create that can also be used when preparing contaminated soils.

The task based on this contaminated flowing and contaminated standing ge Treating water is solved according to the invention by a method for treating Contaminated standing or flowing water by removing contaminated soil the contaminated standing or contaminated flowing water and / or above the bottom of the contaminated standing or contaminated flowing Contaminated water located in the water is removed and, if necessary, closed set of water that is floating on the soil-water mixture Removing, foam-like and contaminated layer removed, the treatment tete soil and the water containing dissolved or suspended substances from each other be separated, the water with the dissolving or suspended substances the soil-water mixture is circulated so that it swirls between the soil-water mixture and the floating, foam-like and contamination-containing layer a bottom-free intermediate layer bil det, the respective floating, foam-like and in predetermined time intervals  Contaminants containing layers are removed until the light absorption of the Intermediate layer for light of a given wavelength each has a constant absorber shows value, or by a method for processing contaminated standing or flowing water by the standing or flowing water floating layer (s) of contaminants removed in a predetermined amount and optionally with water and / or if necessary with at least one egg is mixed with a foam-forming agent for the contaminations Mixture with turbulence is circulated so that the below floating, foam-like and contamination-containing layers each forms a layer with a lower contamination content, in the preceding the time intervals the floating, foam-like and contamination NEN-containing layers are removed until the light absorption in one layer with less contamination content for light of predetermined wel lenlength shows a constant absorption value.

In a further embodiment of these methods according to the invention, the corresponding chend by the absorption spectral analysis of the intermediate layer and / or by Chemical analyzes determined contamination of the water chemical compounds conditions for transferring further contaminations into the floating foam like layers containing contamination.

These processes are therefore carried out according to the same process principle as the process of treating contaminated soil.

Advantageous embodiments of these methods are the subject of claims 17 to 29, which correspond to the corresponding claims 1 to 13 and also de have advantages.

The task of a device for processing contaminated soil, contaminated The creation of standing or contaminated flowing water is invented according to a second solution principle in that the device has a working container, the container bottom nozzles for the supply of the in a circle to leading water, nozzles that can be pressurized with compressed air and an overflow leading edge for removing floating, foam-like and contaminations containing layers and at least one suction pipe for water, and one Device for treating the water circulated in a closed circuit with the substances going into or suspended in solution and the working container one for Facility leading line and the facility ver with the work tank tied further line.  

These lines with those of the working container and the device for processing of the water in a closed circuit with the solution or with the suspended substances are always present, even if not be specially mentioned or not shown in the figures for the sake of clarity.

This also applies to the working containers or chambers of the same function in the following Embodiments even if they are not specifically mentioned or shown.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the working container is at a distance a plate with openings to the walls of the working container above the nozzles arranged.

According to the breakthroughs are bores, slots or elongated holes, wherein in a still further inventive embodiment of the cross section of the openings the upstream side of the plate is larger than the cross section of the openings on the down upstream side of the plate.

These measures ensure a particularly good mixing of the decontami ning container or chamber contents reached.

In yet another embodiment according to the invention, the openings in the Exit area has a sharp edge to break up the air bubbles, leaving one more better mixing is achieved.

According to a second solution principle for the treatment of contaminated soils, contaminated standing or contaminated flowing water, the Ar beits containers two arranged at a predetermined distance from each other, along their Lateral surfaces in a strip-shaped area open hollow cylinder sections, the two open along their lateral surfaces in a strip-shaped area NEN hollow cylinder sections are connected to end plates and with them two open Limiting chambers, the device a device for processing the in ge Closed circuit of guided water, the inner open chamber of the Device fed nozzles and a return line to the device.

These measures create a device that is of any length is feasible, the decontamination taking place in the inner open chamber and after the predetermined time intervals of the container by pivoting around its  Axis the floating foam-like and containing contaminants Gives layers to the outer open chamber and one or the other edge the inner open chamber, depending on the pivoted position, the overflow edge bil det.

According to a modification of this solution principle, the working container has two, in predetermined distance from each other, along their lateral surfaces in one open hollow profile sections of elliptical cross-section, the two open along their lateral surfaces in a strip-shaped area NEN hollow profile sections are connected to end plates and with them two open Limiting chambers, the device a device for processing the in ge Closed circuit of guided water, the inner open chamber of the Device fed nozzles and a return line to the device.

In a still further embodiment of this solution principle according to the invention divides one in the axial direction between the open hollow cylinder sections or Hollow profile sections of elliptical cross section in their lower apex running partition the outer open chamber in two subchambers, so that the successive floating foam-like and contaminations tending layers alternately fed to one or the other chamber and so by can be separated from each other, each while continuing the procedure these chambers are emptied.

These measures create a device that is of any length is feasible, according to the invention floating in the inner open chamber the layers containing contaminations are formed.

According to a development of this principle according to the invention, divide two into Axis direction between the two open hollow cylinder sections or the two Hollow profile sections of elliptical cross section in their lower apex running partitions the outer open chamber in three subchambers, the middle sub-chamber designed as nozzles in the area of the inner open chamber Has breakthroughs, one line the inner open chamber and another Lei tion the middle sub-chamber with the device for processing the closed water which contains the dissolved or suspended substances connect.

These measures make it a structurally simple and very effective device created.  

According to the invention, the inner chamber can be perpendicular to its axis (its axes) Have nozzles, the outer open chamber has a drain line or their both outer sub-chambers each have a drain line.

In a further embodiment of this solution principle according to the invention is above a plate at a distance from the inner wall of the inner open chamber arranged with nozzles which, as already set out above, the swirl or diam promotes the container content to be decontaminated.

According to the invention, in a further embodiment, to increase this effect the openings in the exit area have a larger cross section than in the entry area.

Furthermore, the device has on the end plates or on the outer surface pivotably mounted pins, so that those containing the decontamination floating layers easily to the outer chamber or the two Chambers or outer subchambers can be transferred.

The task is solved according to a third solution principle in that the work container two, at a predetermined distance from each other coaxially arranged, hollow cylinder which has sections, the two open hollow cylinder sections with a bottom plate are connected and with it an open top, an outer edge and an inner rim chamber of circular cross section limit, another hollow cylinder section in the chamber at a predetermined distance arranged and with a base plate to form another open at the top, a chamber having an edge is arranged between the base plates distance pieces are arranged, the two hollow cylinder sections and the two base plates delimit an intermediate chamber with an edge, the three edges so indicated are ordered that the inner edge runs deeper than the outer edge and the middle Edge runs deeper than the inner edge, the device a device for Aufbe riding the closed loop, the solutes or suspended Has water containing substances, the inner open chamber from the top Device fed nozzles and a return line to the device has the middle Chamber optionally with a drain line or with the device for processing of the water conducted in a closed circuit is connectable and the outer Chamber has a drain line with a pump.  

These measures ensure that the middle is flooded open the contaminated, floating chamber up to its outer edge Layers can be delivered to the outer open chamber or at alternately emptying and flooding the middle chamber open at the top floating layers containing contaminants are separated from one another can.

In a further embodiment according to the invention the working container or the chamber is a tube with openings and is over a Multi-way valve with the device for processing the closed circuit led water can be combined with the dissolved or suspended substances. As soon as that Pipe connected to the device, the swirling in the working chamber or increased in the inner chamber.

According to a modification of this solution principle, the device has two in pre given distance from each other arranged hollow profile sections of cylindrical or of elliptical cross-section, with the two hollow profile sections under Formation of two upwardly open chambers connected to a base plate are arranged in the inner chamber a double-walled hollow cylindrical body is, the two hollow cylindrical sections with annular end plates below Formation of a chamber of annular cross-section are connected, which at the openings have hollow cylindrical sections, the device has an on Direction for the treatment of the water circulated in a closed circuit has, a line, the inner chamber open to the top and another line connects the chamber of circular cross section with the device.

In a modification of this solution principle, the device according to the invention a hollow profile section of cylindrical or of elliptical cross section on where in the hollow section of cylindrical or elliptical cross section below Formation of an upwardly open chamber is connected to a base plate, in at least one double-walled body made of two to the open chamber spaced-apart hollow cylinder sections or rectangular profiles is arranged sections, the two hollow cylinder sections or rectangular profiles cuts with circular or frame-shaped end plates with egg formation ner closed chamber of circular or frame-like rights kigem frame-like cross-section are connected, the two hollow cylinder sections or rectangular profile sections have openings, the device Einrich device for treating the water circulated in a closed circuit with the in Has solution going or suspended substances, a line that is open at the top  Chamber and another line the self-contained chamber with the device tung connects.

According to a simplified version of this fourth solution principle, the model shows direction a cylindrical hollow profile section or a hollow rectangular profile cut open, the cylindrical hollow profile section or the hollow rectangular profile section with the formation of an upwardly open chamber with a base plate is connected, in the chamber open at the top, a double-walled body made of two spaced-apart hollow cylinder sections or a double-walled from two hollow rectangular profile sections spaced apart is arranged, the two hollow cylinder sections or the two hollow rectangle profile sections with circular end plates or frame-like end plates to form a chamber of an annular or frame-like cross are connected, the two hollow cylinder sections or the two hollow Rectangular profiles have openings, the device a device for Aufbe riding the closed-circuit water with the solution or has suspended substances, a line leading to the open chamber and another line, the chamber of an annular or frame-like cross cut connects with the facility.

These measures create a very compact device.

In an advantageous development according to the invention there is a tube with openings passed through the upwardly open chamber and the body, the tube or the tube and the chamber open at the top each have a connection for the feed of water containing dissolved or suspended substances and / or a connection for steam or water and / or a connection for an on direction for the treatment of the water circulated in a closed circuit.

These measures make a very compact and very effective device create.

In a further embodiment of this embodiment is on the round hollow profile section or the hollow profile section of rectangular cross-section and on the Bottom plate each a pneumatic or hydraulic working cylinder for Ver pivot the device in an inclined position to remove the bottom directs, the lower region of the container open at the top in the removal position below the tube having a nozzle reaching to the bottom and has a removal opening that can be closed by a flap.  

These measures result in a structurally simple and compact design device.

In a further embodiment of the invention according to the first, second, third or fourth solution principle according to the invention and its further inventive The working container or the corresponding cam has advantageous configurations always a vibrating floor or ultrasonic heads and / or a lid with connections sen for devices for generating a positive or negative pressure and / or plates electrodes and a DC voltage generator for the separation of heavy metals and / or a device with a light source, photodiodes and an extractor te device for determining the absorption values and / or a device for Carrying out the absorption spectral analysis and / or a calculator for the determination Contamination and / or copper networks for the amalgamation of the mercury bers on.

According to an advantageous application, one or more are the one device or more is arranged on a ship, in another according to the invention ß training the device or devices with means of transport such as hub screwdriver or the like from the ship for use in riparian zones and / or in Kü most areas can be brought. Through these measures, it is possible to invent to produce devices according to the invention in any dimensions, since a one Restriction by the road traffic regulations no longer exists, as is the case with Ein is the case on road vehicles.

According to the invention, the lid of the container can also be provided with lines with nozzles suck the floating layer and the intermediate layer.

In a further embodiment of the invention, towards the end of the process added chemical compounds to bind the residual contaminants, because the on successive or successively floating foam-like and contaminations layers containing nations due to the decreasing concentrations of Contaminations float in ever smaller amounts, so that after a experimentally determined number of cycles is more economical in the final phase chemical compounds or optionally ion exchangers and the like set, especially when extremely high demands are placed on the decontamination process be put. It has been shown that in a surprisingly large amount area of application for this WASTE 3400 is particularly effective.  

As is well known, problems also arise when processing contaminated stands the and flowing waters.

As is known, contaminated flowing and contaminated standing water large amounts of substances polluting the environment. For example, there are many rivers beds, the estuary of rivers, the coastal area of seas or Lakes in the catchment area of industrial plants with heavy metal compounds with metals such as mercury and cadmium Salts such as especially potassium salts are heavily contaminated, so that especially when drinking water treatment of bank filtrate result in considerable problems that are not yet satisfactory are solved or require extremely high uneconomical effort.

In many accidents on rivers and lakes, as well as in the coastal area float films of oils, fuels or films of chemical compounds on the water surface conditions, the elimination of which has also not yet been satisfactorily resolved. In principle the contamination floating on the surface with considerable amounts of water pumped out and disposed of on land.

The invention is therefore based on the further object based on the above The inventor made a surprising discovery of a method for processing to create contaminated flowing or contaminated standing water, white Furthermore, the still further task of devices for performing these methods create that can also be used when preparing contaminated soils.

The task based on this contaminated flowing and contaminated standing ge Treating water is solved according to the invention by a method for treating Contaminated standing or flowing water by removing contaminated soil the contaminated standing or contaminated flowing water and / or above the bottom of the contaminated standing or contaminated flowing Contaminated water located in the water is removed and, if necessary, closed set of water that is floating on the soil-water mixture Removing, foam-like and contaminated layer removed, the treatment tete soil and the water containing dissolved or suspended substances from each other be separated, the water with the dissolving or suspended substances the soil-water mixture is circulated so that it swirls between the soil-water mixture and the floating, foam-like and contamination-containing layer a bottom-free intermediate layer bil det, the respective floating, foam-like and in predetermined time intervals Contaminants containing layers are removed until the light absorption of the  Intermediate layer for light of a given wavelength each has a constant absorber shows value, or by a method for processing contaminated standing or flowing water by the standing or flowing water floating layer (s) of contaminants removed in a predetermined amount and optionally with water and / or if necessary with at least one egg is mixed with a foam-forming agent for the contaminations Mixture with turbulence is circulated so that the below floating, foam-like and contamination-containing layers each forms a layer with a lower contamination content, in the preceding the time intervals the floating, foam-like and contamination NEN-containing layers are removed until the light absorption in one layer containing less contamination for light of predetermined wel lenlength shows a constant absorption value.

In a further embodiment of these methods according to the invention, the corresponding chend by the absorption spectral analysis of the intermediate layer and / or by Chemical analyzes determined contamination of the water chemical compounds conditions for transferring further contaminations into the floating foam like layers containing contamination.

These processes are therefore carried out according to the same process principle as the process of treating contaminated soil.

Advantageous embodiments of these methods are the subject of claims 17 to 29, which correspond to the corresponding claims 1 to 13 and also de have advantages.

The task of a device for processing contaminated soil, contaminated The creation of standing or contaminated flowing water is invented according to a second solution principle in that the device has a working container, the container bottom nozzles for the supply of the in a circle to leading water, nozzles that can be pressurized with compressed air and an overflow leading edge for removing floating, foam-like and contaminations containing layers and at least one suction pipe for water, and one Device for treating the water circulated in a closed circuit with the substances going into or suspended in solution and the working container one for Facility leading line and the facility ver with the work tank tied further line.  

These lines with those of the working container and the device for processing of the water in a closed circuit with the solution or with the suspended substances are always present, even if not be specially mentioned or not shown in the figures for the sake of clarity.

This also applies to the working containers or chambers of the same function in the following Embodiments even if they are not specifically mentioned or shown.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the working container is at a distance a plate with openings to the walls of the working container above the nozzles arranged.

According to the invention, the breakthroughs are bores, slots or elongated holes, wherein in a still further inventive embodiment of the cross section of the openings the upstream side of the plate is larger than the cross section of the openings on the down upstream side of the plate.

These measures ensure a particularly good mixing of the decontami ning container or chamber contents reached.

In yet another embodiment according to the invention, the openings in the Exit area has a sharp edge to break up the air bubbles, leaving one more better mixing is achieved.

According to a second solution principle for the treatment of contaminated soils, contaminated standing or contaminated flowing water, the Ar beits containers two arranged at a predetermined distance from each other, along their Lateral surfaces in a strip-shaped area open hollow cylinder sections, the two open along their lateral surfaces in a strip-shaped area NEN hollow cylinder sections are connected to end plates and with them two open Limiting chambers, the device a device for processing the in ge Closed circuit of guided water, the inner open chamber of the Device fed nozzles and a return line to the device.

These measures create a device. which in any length is feasible, the decontamination taking place in the inner open chamber and after the predetermined time intervals of the container by pivoting around its  Axis the floating foam-like and containing contaminants Gives layers to the outer open chamber and one or the other edge the inner open chamber, depending on the pivoted position, the overflow edge bil det.

According to a modification of this solution principle, the working container has two, in predetermined distance from each other, along their lateral surfaces in one open hollow profile sections of elliptical cross-section, the two open along their lateral surfaces in a strip-shaped area NEN hollow profile sections are connected to end plates and with them two open Limiting chambers, the device a device for processing the in ge Closed circuit of guided water, the inner open chamber of the Device fed nozzles and a return line to the device.

In a still further embodiment of this solution principle according to the invention divides one in the axial direction between the open hollow cylinder sections or Hollow profile sections of elliptical cross section in their lower apex running partition the outer open chamber in two subchambers, so that the successive floating foam-like and contaminations tending layers alternately fed to one or the other chamber and so by can be separated from each other, each while continuing the procedure these chambers are emptied.

These measures create a device that is of any length is feasible, according to the invention floating in the inner open chamber the layers containing contaminations are formed.

According to a development of this principle according to the invention, divide two into Axis direction between the two open hollow cylinder sections or the two Hollow profile sections of elliptical cross section in their lower apex running partitions the outer open chamber in three subchambers, the middle sub-chamber designed as nozzles in the area of the inner open chamber Has breakthroughs, one line the inner open chamber and another Lei tion the middle sub-chamber with the device for processing the closed water which contains the dissolved or suspended substances connect.

These measures make it a structurally simple and very effective device created.  

According to the invention, the inner chamber can be perpendicular to its axis (its axes) Have nozzles, the outer open chamber has a drain line or their both outer sub-chambers each have a drain line.

In a further embodiment of this solution principle according to the invention is above a plate at a distance from the inner wall of the inner open chamber arranged with nozzles which, as already set out above, the swirl or diam promotes the container content to be decontaminated.

According to the invention, in a further embodiment, to increase this effect the openings in the exit area have a larger cross section than in the entry area.

Furthermore, the device has on the end plates or on the outer surface pivotably mounted pins, so that those containing the decontamination floating layers easily to the outer chamber or the two Chambers or outer subchambers can be transferred.

The task is solved according to a third solution principle in that the work container two, at a predetermined distance from each other coaxially arranged, hollow cylinder which has sections, the two open hollow cylinder sections with a bottom plate are connected and with it an open top, an outer edge and an inner rim chamber of circular cross section limit, another hollow cylinder section in the chamber at a predetermined distance arranged and with a base plate to form another open at the top, a chamber having an edge is arranged between the base plates distance pieces are arranged, the two hollow cylinder sections and the two base plates delimit an intermediate chamber with an edge, the three edges so indicated are ordered that the inner edge runs deeper than the outer edge and the middle Edge runs deeper than the inner edge, the device a device for Aufbe riding the closed loop, the solutes or suspended Has water containing substances, the inner open chamber from the top Device fed nozzles and a return line to the device has the middle Chamber optionally with a drain line or with the device for processing of the water conducted in a closed circuit is connectable and the outer Chamber has a drain line with a pump.  

Through these measures it is achieved that by flooding the middle one is open the contaminated, floating chamber up to its outer edge Layers can be delivered to the outer open chamber or at alternately emptying and flooding the middle chamber open at the top floating layers containing contaminants are separated from one another can.

In a further embodiment according to the invention the working container or the chamber is a tube with openings and is over a Multi-way valve with the device for processing the closed circuit led water can be combined with the dissolved or suspended substances. As soon as that Pipe connected to the device, the swirling in the working chamber or increased in the inner chamber.

According to a modification of this solution principle, the device has two in pre given distance from each other arranged hollow profile sections of cylindrical or of elliptical cross-section, with the two hollow profile sections under Formation of two upwardly open chambers connected to a base plate are arranged in the inner chamber a double-walled hollow cylindrical body is, the two hollow cylindrical sections with annular end plates below Formation of a chamber of annular cross-section are connected, which at the openings have hollow cylindrical sections, the device has an on Direction for the treatment of the water circulated in a closed circuit has, a line, the inner chamber open to the top and another line connects the chamber of circular cross section with the device.

In a modification of this solution principle, the device according to the invention a hollow profile section of cylindrical or of elliptical cross section on where in the hollow section of cylindrical or elliptical cross section below Formation of an upwardly open chamber is connected to a base plate, in at least one double-walled body made of two to the open chamber spaced-apart hollow cylinder sections or rectangular profiles is arranged sections, the two hollow cylinder sections or rectangular profiles cuts with circular or frame-shaped end plates with egg formation ner closed chamber of circular or frame-like rights kigem frame-like cross-section are connected, the two hollow cylinder sections or rectangular profile sections have openings, the device Einrich device for treating the water in a closed circuit with the in Has solution going or suspended substances, a line that is open at the top  Chamber and another line the self-contained chamber with the device tung connects.

According to a simplified version of this fourth solution principle, the Vorrich device a cylindrical hollow profile section or a hollow rectangular profile section on, wherein the cylindrical hollow profile section or the hollow rectangular profile section connected to a base plate to form an upwardly open chamber is, in the chamber open at the top, a double-walled body made of two to each other spaced hollow cylinder sections or a double-walled of two hollow rectangular profile sections arranged at a distance from one another, the two hollow cylinder sections or the two hollow rectangular profile sections with annular end plates or frame-like end plates to form a Chamber of annular or frame-like cross section are connected, the two hollow cylinder sections or the two hollow rectangular profiles breakthroughs have, the device a device for processing the closed Circulated water with the dissolving or suspended substances has, a line the chamber open to the top and another line the Chamber of circular or frame-like cross section with the device connects.

These measures create a very compact device.

In an advantageous development according to the invention there is a tube with openings passed through the upwardly open chamber and the body, the tube or the tube and the chamber open at the top each have a connection for the feed of water containing dissolved or suspended substances and / or or a connection for steam or water and / or a connection for an on direction for the treatment of the water circulated in a closed circuit.

These measures make a very compact and very effective device create.

In a further embodiment of this embodiment is on the round hollow profile section or the hollow profile section of rectangular cross-section and on the Bottom plate each a pneumatic or hydraulic working cylinder for Ver pivot the device in an inclined position to remove the bottom directs, the lower region of the container open at the top in the removal position below the tube having a nozzle reaching to the bottom and has a removal opening that can be closed by a flap.  

These measures result in a structurally simple and compact design device.

In a further embodiment of the invention according to the first, second, third or fourth solution principle according to the invention and its further inventive The working container or the corresponding cam has advantageous configurations always a vibrating floor or ultrasonic heads and / or a lid with connections sen for devices for generating a positive or negative pressure and / or plates electrodes and a DC voltage generator for the separation of heavy metals and / or a device with a light source, photodiodes and an extractor te device for determining the absorption values and / or a device for Carrying out the absorption spectral analysis and / or a calculator for the determination Contamination and / or copper networks for the amalgamation of the mercury bers on.

According to an advantageous application, one or more are the one device or more is arranged on a ship, in another according to the invention ß training the device or devices with means of transport such as hub screwdriver or the like from the ship for use in riparian zones and / or in Kü most areas can be brought. Through these measures, it is possible to invent to produce devices according to the invention in any dimensions, since a one Restriction by the road traffic regulations no longer exists, as is the case with Ein is the case on road vehicles.

The invention is explained in the drawing using exemplary embodiments.

Show it:

Fig. 1 in side view of a road vehicle with an inventive device,

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the working container in the direction of travel,

Fig. 3 shows a section perpendicular to the plane in Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 in section of Fig. 3 shows a section of the working container with the schematically shown device for monitoring or controlling the soil remediation and

FIGS. 5a to 16, further embodiments and details.

In the figures, the same parts are denoted by the same reference symbols.

Fig. 1 shows a side view of a road vehicle configured as Vorrich device 1 for treating contaminated soils, being arranged behind the cab on a chassis 2 of a lorry two uprights 3 and 5.

The stands each have a bearing for the pins 6 and 7 of the pivotable in the direction of travel of the truck in three working positions and formed as a pressure vessel from the working container 8 , which has a lid 9 .

Fig. 2 shows a in the drawing plane of Fig. 1 through the pins run the section through the working container 8 , the nozzles, lines and the requisite facilities are shown in the manner of a block diagram.

The container has in the rear area remote from the driver's cab perpendicular to the plane of Zei a transverse wall 10 ending at a distance from the lid, the upper edge 11 of which forms an overflow edge 15 and which divides the container into two spaces 12 and 13 .

The front space 12 receives soil-water mixture, while the rear space 13 has a perforated intermediate floor 14 at about half the height. The overflowing edge 15 passes onto it the layers containing floating contaminants, which largely release water or their liquid via the perforated intermediate floor, which is fed via line 20 to the device 16 for treating the water.

Below the working container are at a sufficiently large distance, so that the Ar can be swiveled into its three working positions on the chassis the facilities for the preparation of the soil-water mixtures and for the treatment  ride the floors arranged, of which flexible cables via quick connectors the nozzles etc. in the work tank.

On the chassis, a device 16 for treating the water running in a closed circuit for producing the mixture and for swirling the mixture is arranged. Starting from it, a line 17 runs with branches 18 , which have end-side nozzles 19 and, if appropriate, slot nozzles not shown in the wall.

The transverse wall has at least one line 20 opening into the space 12 below the run-off edge, which returns the water or the water with the substances dissolved in it to the device 16 .

The device 21 is also arranged on the chassis and can supply an inert gas or reaction gas and / or steam to the mixture via line 22 with branches 23 , which have nozzles at their free ends. It therefore has a steam generator.

On the chassis, a pump 25 is further arranged with a suction device 26 for the first floating, foam-like and contaminating layer 26 ', which can be omitted if this first floating layer, like the other floating layers, is received by the collecting container 13 .

A device 27 is also arranged on the chassis, from which a line 31 leads to nozzles 29 arranged in the end wall 28 of the working container, which convey the layers on floating foam-like and contaminating layers via the overflow edge into the collecting container 13 .

On the chassis, a device 30 is also arranged, from which a line 27 leads to a nozzle arrangement leading into the interior of the working container above the floating layers for generating a negative pressure or an excess pressure.

In the working container immersed in the mixture electrode plates 32 and 33 are arranged, on which a known DC voltage generator 34 generates a high voltage.

Furthermore, the working container has a vibrating floor or an ultrasound generator 35 which is immersed in the soil-water mixture, and a copper net 36 .

Fig. 3 shows a schematic section through the work container perpendicular to the plane of Fig. 1, from which the three working positions a, b and c of the Arbeitsbe container can be seen.

In Fig. 3 is parallel to the axis of the working container at the bottom of the Arbeitsbehäl age a suction pipe 37 with nozzles designed as branch lines 38 , which in the second working position of the working container after completion of the preparation of a soil suction the water that the device 16 for Treatment of the water conducted in a closed circuit is supplied.

The tilting device for pivoting the work container into the first, into the second and in the third working position, from which the working container the processed Passing soil into a collecting container, not shown, is not shown.

From Fig. 3 it can also be seen that the one branch lines 38 end in the region of the inner edge 39 formed by the bottom and one side wall, which in the second working position assumes the lower apex, so that a pouring channel is formed.

Fig. 4 shows in section perpendicular to the plane of Fig. 2 schematically the device 40 for monitoring the light attenuation in the intermediate layer, which is designated 41 and which runs between the floating layer 26 'and the mixture 42 .

In the side walls 45 and 44 of the working container 8 , which is shown in the detail, a glass plate 45 and 46 is inserted within a housing 47 and 48, respectively.

The housing 47 has a photocell 49 and the housing 47 has a photocell 49 .

In the housing 48 , a light source 50 is arranged which emits light with a predetermined wavelength for carrying out the absorption spectral analysis or a light source with a plurality of filters which can be swiveled into its beam path to produce monochromatic light. The details are known per se and are therefore not further explained.

The two photocells 49 and 49 are thus arranged at a predetermined distance in the beam path of the light source. Their output signals are fed via lines 51 and 52 to evaluation device 53 , which outputs the difference signals at output 54 . The output signals are evaluated as described above. They are used to control or regulate the preparation of the soil via computers, etc.

Not shown and described are the pressure generators and also not the pumps which are present in the devices 16 , 21 , 25 , 27 and 30 and by means of which the direction of flow of the media can be changed in order to close the deposits etc. in the nozzles if necessary remove.

The particular advantage is that a mobile device for soil remediation is created that can be quickly restored to disaster locations (for example in the event of an tank trucks that transport chemicals, oils and the like) can be brought, which carries the required water with it, which is circulated Treated water so that its use is not dependent on the disaster phenorten a water supply network is available.

This rapid deployment at disaster sites has the further advantage that such accidents, the penetration depth of the contaminants into the ground as possible ring can be held.

Fig. 5a shows a modification of Fig. 2 in such a way that instead of the vibrating floor or the ultrasonic generator 35 at a predetermined distance from the inner walls of the working container and at a predetermined distance from its bottom on the distance profiles 55 a plate 56 with openings 57 is arranged.

The nozzles 19 of the branches 18 of the line 17 are arranged at a predetermined distance from the underside of the plate such that the mixture emerging from the nozzles is directed towards the openings.

Fig. 5b shows the direction indicated in Fig. 5a with X detail of an opening in an enlarged view.

The openings 57 have a larger cross section 58 in the inflow region perpendicular to their axis than in the outlet region, the cross section of which is denoted by 59 and on the sharp edge 60 of which the air bubbles are divided.

In the simplest case, as shown in FIG. 5b, the openings have a round cross section perpendicular to their axis, they can also be designed as elongated holes, slots which end in front of the edges of the plate, have an elliptical cross section, etc.

It is essential that the cross-sectional area has a smaller cross in the exit area cut than in the entrance area.

These measures make flow through and decontamination more effective of the container contents reached.

Fig. 6a shows a device whose working container has the shape of a Hohlzylin ders with perpendicular to the plane of the drawing axis aa.

Fig. 6b shows a plane passing through the axis of section perpendicular to the plane of the Zeichene Fig. 6a.

The working container has according to FIG. 6a an outer container 60 which (. Figure 6b) welded open Hohlzylinderab cut a in the axial direction with end plates 61, wherein a hollow cylinder portion having the same dimensions in cross section a circular-arc portion in the longitudinal direction (perpendicular to Zei chenebene) is removed to form a rectangular opening 62 and which is welded to the end plates 63 and 64 .

The axially extending edges of the axially open Hohlzylin derabschnittes are angled to form the webs 65 and 66 and form with the corresponding peripheral portions of the end plates 62 and 63 a closed frame, which is overlapped by the cover 67 .

In the outer container is also open in the axial direction Hohlylinderab cut 68 of smaller diameter and also welded to the two end plates, which limit the chamber 69 with it.

The edges 70 and 71 of the hollow cylinder section 68 open in the axial direction and the two end plates delimit the opening 72 of the chamber 69 .

The two axially open hollow cylinder sections delimit between them with the two end plates a chamber 73 which has two axially and in one plane rectangular openings 74 and 75 , each of one of the edges of the axially open hollow cylinder section 68 and the inner wall of the hollow cylinder section 61 open in the axial direction.

In the bottom area of the working container in the bottom area through the outer chamber 73 into the chamber 69 projecting line sections 76 with end nozzles 77 leads, the nozzles branching off from a line which runs below the working container and with the line 17 in FIG 5a is identical and is therefore designated by the same reference numeral 17 .

From the inner chamber 69 , the line 20 leads to the unillustrated direction ( Fig. 5, reference numeral 16 ') for preparing the water in a closed circuit with the dissolving or suspended substances, the water then via the line 17th the nozzles 77 and thus the inner chamber 69 is fed to form the circuit.

The container has the pins 83 on its end plates, so that it can be pivoted about its axis in or counterclockwise, so that the rectangular opening 74 or 75 is an overflow edge for the transfer of the contamination layers from the inner chamber 69 into the outer Chamber 73 forms.

As shown in FIG. 6a, the working container can have the pins on the outer wall of the outer chamber 73 , so that pivoting perpendicular to the axis of the working container is possible.

The lower part of the working container has a drain line 78 with a valve 79 and a pump 80 , with which the layers which have been taken up and contain contaminations and are taken from the outer chamber 73 are pumped into a collecting container (not shown).

The transfer of these layers from the outer chamber to the collecting container can also be done by pivoting the working container from the position shown in FIG .

In the inner chamber 69 , parallel to the axis aa and below the axis, a pipe 81 with openings connected to the end plates is arranged, which the line section 78 has via a valve 79 and a pump 80 , as well as via the multipath 79 connected downstream of the pump. which connects in the one switching position (a working position) via a line section 76 to line 17 of device 16 .

In the other switching position (second working position), the section 76 is blocked and the pump 80 conveys the contents of the chamber 73 via the non-numbered line section that branches off from the multi-way valve and points downward into a receptacle, also not shown, while in the third switching position (rest position ) the pipe is inoperative or switched off.

The tube 81 is shown in cross section in FIG. 8 and has openings in an upper segment which are functionally identical and identical to the openings in FIG. 5 a and are therefore also designated by 56 .

The water supplied through these breakthroughs causes an additional pumping action or additional circulation in the inner chamber 69 due to the high outlet speed.

The valve 79 arranged in the line section 78 is switched as required in the working position or locked position.

Contamination can also be pumped out via this tube, the connection to line 17 being eliminated and instead a pump (not shown) is provided which pumps the contents of chamber 69 into a container (not shown), also not shown.

The end plates have pins 83 ( Fig. 6a) which are pivotally mounted in bearings, not shown, so that the working container can be pivoted around the pin to one side or the other, if necessary after loosening the line couplings (not shown) and via the opening 74 or 75 from the chamber 69, the floating layers are decanted into the chamber 73 and pumped out by means of the pump 80 as soon as the working container has again assumed its position shown in FIG. 6a.

The pins 83 can also, as shown in FIG. 6a, be arranged lying on a diameter on the outside of the working container, so that the working container can be pivoted perpendicular to its axis.

The device shown in FIGS. 6a, 6b has further devices shown in FIG. 2 as required, but these are not shown for the sake of clarity.

This also applies to the following figures.  

Fig. 7 shows in the representation of Fig. 6a a work container 84 of elliptical cross-section and the same construction and functional principle as the work container in Figs. 6a and 6b, with a better overview details from Fig. 6a are omitted.

For this reason, the same parts in FIGS. 7 and 6a, 6b are also designated by the same reference numerals, the section according to VII-VII corresponding to FIG. 6b, and details of FIG. 6a have been omitted for a better overview.

This also applies to the further exemplary embodiments of the following figures.

FIG. 6c shows a modification of FIG. 6a. In FIG. 6c, the partition 160 extending in the axial direction divides the outer chamber 73 of FIG. 6a into the two subchambers 73 a and 73 b, which can be connected via a line 161 or 162 via the multi-way valve 163 to the pump 80 , which the Passes the contents of the subchambers to containers, not shown.

With this device, by alternately swiveling the working container around the cones on the end face show the sequentially floating and contaminations send shifts to be passed in one or the other sub-chamber from which they are sent to then be pumped into the receptacle.

FIG. 7a shows a modification of the device according to FIG. 7 and corresponds in terms of its functional principle to the device according to FIG. 6c.

FIG. 6d shows a further modification of the apparatus of Fig. 6a by two runs in the axial direction of partition walls 160 a and 160 b, the outer chamber into three sub-chambers 73 a, 73 b and subdivide 73 c, wherein the function of the chambers 73 a and 73 b corresponds to that of the chambers 73 a and 73 b of FIG. 6c.

The central part of chamber 73 c comprises 69 opens perforations in the inner chamber as those formed in FIG. 5b.

FIG. 7b shows a further embodiment of the device according to FIG. 7a according to the same principle as in FIG. 6d.

Fig. 8 shows a cross section through the tube 81 , the area in its upper segment has the openings 56 , which are formed in the same way as the openings of the plate in Fig. 5a and are shown in Fig. 5b.

FIG. 9 shows a detail of FIG. 6b in the area of the left end plate, which, as a modification of FIG. 6b, has nozzles whose function is identical to that of nozzles 19 in FIG. 2 and which therefore have the same reference numerals.

Fig. 10 shows a cylindrical work container 85 with a vertical axis, which has the upwardly open hollow cylinder section 86 with the removable cover 87 .

The hollow cylinder section 86 is welded to the bottom plate 88 .

In it is arranged coaxially and at a predetermined distance, a further hollow cylinder section 89 , which is also welded to the base plate 88 , so that an upwardly open, the edges 90 and 90 having chamber 91 of annular cross-section is formed.

In the cylinder portion 89 is coaxially and at a distance from its inside a wide rer hollow cylindrical portion 92 is arranged, which is welded to a base plate 93 and is spaced on the spacer profiles 94 to the base plate 88 angeord net.

The hollow cylindrical section 92 and the base plate 93 connected to it limit the cylindrical chamber 96 , which has the edge or the edge 94 .

Line sections 76 are guided through the base plates 88 and 93 and project into the hollow cylindrical chamber 96 and have nozzles.

Furthermore, a plate with openings is arranged in the chamber 96 , which has the same function as the plate 56 with the openings 57 in FIGS. 5a and 5b and which therefore has the same reference numerals. The plate 56 bounds with the hollow cylinder portion a self-contained, not designated annular gap, so that a self-contained flow in the chamber 96 with egg nem symmetrical course to the cylinder axis occurs as soon as breakthroughs of the plate 56 flow from below through this annular gap .

Furthermore, a tube with openings is arranged in the chamber 96 , which has the same function as the tube with the openings in FIGS. 6a, 6b and is therefore labeled with the same reference number.

The tube 81 is passed through the plate 56 and connected to the bottom plate 93 a related party. In the tube leads the line section 98 , which can be connected via a multi-way valve 97 either via line 17 'to the device 16 or to a line 99 for the supply of water.

Other parts that are the same or functionally the same as the previous figures are included the same reference numerals or omitted for the sake of clarity.

To decant the floating layers contaminated with contamination, the working container is either pivoted about the pegs 83 or water is conveyed through the pipe 81 and its openings 57 into the chamber 96 . For this purpose, the directional valve 97 is switched so that it establishes the connection with the line 99 .

The edges or edges of the chambers are arranged at different heights so that decanting can also be done so that water is fed into the chamber 95 until its mirror has reached the edge 90 .

Subsequently, by introducing water or water with contaminations still present into the chamber 96, the floating layers with the contaminations from the chamber 96 are supplied to the chamber 91 , to which they are pumped by means of the pump 80 into a container (not shown).

Contaminated layers can also optionally be supplied to the chambers 91 and 95 by flooding the chamber 95 or not flooding it. In this way, a simple separation of the contaminated layers floating one after the other and in principle a separation of different contaminants is possible.

Fig. 11 shows another embodiment of a cylindrical Arbeitsbe container with a vertical axis, which is designated by 102 .

The working container has a hollow cylinder section 103 which is open at the top and has the detachable cover 104 .

The hollow cylinder section 103 is welded to a bottom plate 105 .

In the hollow cylinder section 103 , a further hollow cylinder section 106 is arranged coaxially and at a predetermined distance from it, which is also welded to the base plate 105 , so that an upwardly open chamber 109 with edges 107 and 108 is formed of an annular cross section .

In the hollow cylinder section 106 , a hollow cylindrical section 110 is arranged coaxially and at a distance from its inside and from its base plate 105 , which is welded to a base plate 111 and is arranged on the spacer profiles 112 at a distance from the base plate 105 .

The hollow cylindrical sections 103 and 106 together with their bottom plate 105 delimit the chamber 106 , the hollow cylindrical sections 106 and 110 with their bottom plates the chamber 113 with the bottom plate 103 connected to it delimit the cylindrical chamber 113 in its middle region which defines the edges or has edges 108 and 114 '.

The hollow cylindrical portion 110 and its bottom plate 111 limit the upwardly open cylindrical chamber 114 , which has the edge or the edge 114 '.

In the chamber 130 is a self-contained hollow cylindrical body 115 adorned to the bottom plate 111 and the inner wall of the hollow cylinder portion 110 on spacing profiles, not shown.

The hollow cylindrical body consists of the two tube sections 117 and 118 which are spaced apart from one another to form the annular chamber 116 and which are welded to the end faces with an annular disk 119 and 120 , respectively.

The pipe sections have openings 121 and 122 , which are designed like the openings in FIG. 5b.

The annular chamber 116 is connected to the device 6 via the line 17 .

The axis of the openings 121 is obliquely upwards towards the cover and the axis of the openings 122 obliquely downwards towards the base plate 111 if the direction of flow between the hollow cylindrical body 115 and the hollow cylindrical section 110 is upwards and inside the hollow cylindrical body pers is directed downwards.

If the direction of flow is opposite, the axes show the breakthrough che also in the opposite direction.

The axis direction clearly results from the fact that it is always in the direction of the larger one Entry cross section is defined in the direction of the smaller exit cross section.

FIG. 12 shows the detail X from FIG. 11 in an enlarged representation.

To decant the contaminated floating layers into the chamber 109 , the chamber 113 is flooded to the edge 108 and then water is supplied to the chamber 130 via the hollow cylindrical body 115 and its openings.

Decantation of the loaded with contaminations floating layers in the chamber 106 is supplied with empty chamber 106 via the hollow cylindrical body 115 and its apertures water chamber 130th

The working container can also be pivoted about the pin 83 for this purpose.

Correspondingly, as in FIG. 10, contamination layers can be separated from one another by alternately flooding or emptying the chamber 113 , as is described in principle in FIG. 10.

Other parts that are the same as FIG. 10 are designated by the same reference numerals or are omitted for the sake of clarity.

This also applies to the further devices described in FIGS. 2 to 9, which can or can be used.

Fig. 13 shows in a partially sectional side view of another Ausführungsbei play a decontamination device, and FIG designated by 123. 14 is a section XIV-XIV in Fig. 13.

The decontamination device consists of the upwardly open hollow cylindrical work container 124 with the base plate 125 , the front end wall 126 , the rear end wall 127 and the two side walls 128 and 129 and has the hydraulically or pneumatically actuated cover 130 .

In the open-topped work container is at a distance from the end walls of the Bo denplatte and the lid a double-walled up and down open cuboid body 131 is arranged.

It consists Fig mutandis. 14 welded together from the extending ending into a hollow rectangular profile 132 to the chenebene to Zei perpendicular edges of plates 133, 134, 135 and 136, in which a second formed of the plates 137, 138, 139, and 140 hollow rectangular profile 141 is arranged at a predetermined distance, so that both rectangular profiles delimit a chamber 140 which is frame-like in cross section and which is welded on the upper and lower end faces to flat profile sections not shown in FIGS . 13 and 14.

The plates have openings 143 and 144 , respectively, which are designed and arranged in the same way as the openings of the self-contained hollow cylindrical body 115 in FIG. 11.

The tube 145 is guided through the plates 133 , 138 , 135 and 140 of the cuboid body, which is also passed through the end walls 126 and 127 of the working container 123 and is welded to these plates and the end walls.

A body according to FIG. 11 can also replace this body.

The tube 145 also has openings 146 like the tube 81 in FIG. 10, which have a considerably larger diameter in the chamber 142 .

The hollow cylindrical process container 127 has below the tube 145 on a plate 125 to the bottom-reaching port 148, which can be closed by the tube 145 below the hinged and lockable flap 149th

The pneumatic or hydraulic working cylinders 150 and 151 are articulated on the base plate 125 and on the hollow cylindrical work container and on a frame that is not numbered in the cutout, so that the work container can be pivoted clockwise and the base plate has a slide for it located material forms, which is tilted into a collecting container, not shown, with the flap open.

As can be seen from FIG. 13, the tube is connected to a device 152 , not shown, which is connected to pipes 153 , 154 and 155 , via which water and / or air is fed to the working container or an overpressure or underpressure is generated in the working container can be.

The same device has the base plate 125 and therefore has the same reference numerals.

The soil to be decontaminated or the water to be decontaminated is removed Work container fed after lifting the lid.

The mode of operation of the device according to FIGS. 13 and 14 corresponds in principle to the exemplary embodiments already explained.

Instead of the cylindrical design of the working container, one can also be used for vertical th axis rectangular training can be made.

FIGS. 15 and 16 show respectively in plan view formed as a vessel decontamination decontamination apparatus.

On the ship deck of Fig. 15 are perpendicular to both sides of the center line of the vessel several decontamination apparatus 156 according to one of the Fig. 4 disposed to 11.

You will use a bucket ladder excavator, not shown, to use it It is common for the contaminated layers to flow to the bottom of the river or standing water supplied, while at the same time from the contaminated water layer above the contaminated soil using pumps or water from the riparian zone if the concentrations of the con taminations are too high. In the same way it is possible, for example from up of chemical plants in the bank area to remove the decontamination and prepare.

It is also possible to use the individual decontamination systems, for example Use helicopters in the shore areas on land, so the dimensions of the facilities are not restricted by the regulations of the traffic regulations are.

In Fig. 16 the hull toward the rear is formed as a double hull. Between the two hulls is pivotally mounted on pivot pins and a decontamination device 157, for example according to Fig. 6a and 6b.

In cases where residual biodegradable contaminants are present, becomes a biological decontamina before completing the procedure in question tion carried out, optionally via an additional line (not shown) known bacterial strains are supplied to the decontamination plants.

According to the invention, methods and devices are created that have a wide range range of applications, whereby the batches to be decontaminated do not have large Routes must be transported.

Claims (72)

1. Process for preparing contaminated soil by contaminated Soil and water are mixed, floating on the soil-water mixture Removing, foam-like and contaminated layer removed, the treatment tete soil and the water containing dissolved or suspended substances from each other be separated, the water with the dissolving or suspended substances the soil-water mixture is circulated so that it swirls between the soil-water mixture and the floating, foam-like and contamination-containing layer a bottom-free intermediate layer bil det, the respective floating, foam-like and in predetermined time intervals Contaminants containing layers are removed until the light absorption of the Intermediate layer for light of a given wavelength each has a constant absorber shows value. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that corresponding to the intermediate free from soil by absorption spectral analysis layer and / or the contamination determined by chemical analysis  Water chemical compounds for transferring further contamination into the floating, foam-like layers containing contamination be set. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the soil-water mixture in addition to the circulated water with the air and / or steam still contaminating or suspended contaminants is supplied. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the soil-water mixture in addition to the circulated water with the contaminants going into or suspended solutions still inert gas and / or Steam is supplied. 5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the soil-water mixture in addition to the circulated water with the contaminations still in solution with at least one contamination mixed reacting reaction gas and possibly steam is supplied or who the. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that  during at least one of the time intervals the levels of the soil-water mixture is pressurized with gas. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that during at least one of the time intervals above the level of the soil-water Mixed negative pressure is generated. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gas and or which forms above the level of the soil-water mixture vaporous phase for excretion of the gas and / or vapor form received contamination of a separator for this contamination to be led. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that to separate heavy metals an electrical DC field at two in the soil-water mixture is immersed in electrode plates. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that for the separation of mercury the swirling of the soil-water mixture in Presence of copper nets immersed in the soil-water mixture leads.   11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that ultrasonic waves are coupled into the soil-water mixture. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that towards the end of the process chemical compounds for binding the residual contaminants ions are added. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that as a chemical compound, the poly available under the trade name Waste 3400 mer is added. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that before stopping the decontamination process, microbial strains for reduction of the remaining contaminants are added. 15. Process for the treatment of contaminated standing or flowing water, by contaminated soil of the contaminated standing or contaminated flowing water and / or standing above the bottom of the contaminated or contaminated flowing water ent taken and mixed with the possible addition of water, which on the Bo  the water-mixture contains floating, foam-like and contaminations Removed layer, the prepared soil and the dissolved or suspended substances containing water are separated from each other, the water with the ge in solution existing or suspended substances of the soil-water mixture with swirling in the circuit so that there is between the soil-water mixture and the floating, foam-like and contaminated layer containing one of Soil free intermediate layer forms, at predetermined time intervals floating, foam-like and contaminated layers removed until the light absorption of the intermediate layer for light of a predetermined wavelength each shows a constant absorption value. 16. Process for the treatment of contaminated standing or flowing water, by the layer of the floating on the standing or flowing water Contamination removed in a given amount and given if necessary if necessary with water and / or with at least one foam-forming agent for the Contamination is mixed, the mixture with turbulence in the circuit so ge will lead to the floating, foam-like and contamination below layers containing a lower contamination content sending layer forms, at predetermined time intervals, the respective floating, foam-like and contaminated layers are removed until the Light absorption in each of which has a lower contamination content Layer for light of a given wavelength has a constant absorption value shows. 17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that corresponding to that by absorption spectral analysis of the intermediate layer and / or the contamination determined by chemical analysis of the water chemical ver bindings for transferring further contamination into the floating, foam-like and contaminated layers are added.   18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that additional air and / or steam is or are supplied. 19. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that inert gas and / or steam is additionally supplied. 20. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that additionally with at least one contamination chemically reacting reaction gas and possibly steam is supplied. 21. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that during at least one of the time intervals the levels of the soil-water mixture or the water is pressurized with gas. 22. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that during at least one of the time intervals above the level of the water Mixture or the water negative pressure is generated. 23. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 22,  characterized in that those above the level of the soil-liquid mixture or the liquid-what water mixture or the liquid-forming gaseous or vapor phase Elimination in the gas and / or vapor form for the elimination in the gas and / or vapor form transferred contamination of a separator in closed circuit is supplied. 24. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 23, characterized in that to separate heavy metals an electrical DC field at two in the soil-water mixture or electrode plates immersed in the water becomes. 25. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 24, characterized in that for the separation of mercury the swirling of the soil-water mixture in Presence of copper net immersed in the soil-water mixture or water zen is carried out. 26. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 25, characterized in that ultrasonic waves are coupled into the soil-water mixture or water. 27. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 26, characterized in that  towards the end of the process chemical compounds to bind the remaining amounts of Contamination can be added. 28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that as a chemical compound the Po available under the trade name WASTE 3400 lymer is added. 29. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 28, characterized in that before stopping the decontamination process, microbial strains for reduction be added to the residual contamination. 30. Device for performing the method according to one or more of the An claims 1 to 14 or one or more of claims 15 to 29, characterized in that the device has a working container, the container bottom nozzles for the Zu drove the water to be circulated in the circuit, compressed air nozzles and an overflow edge to remove the floating, foam-like and Layers containing contaminants and at least one suction pipe for water Has. 31. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that the working container can be pivoted about an axis in three positions.   32. Device according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the working container is arranged parallel to its axis and in the second ar position of the working container in the area of the lower apex line of the container has a suction pipe for water. 33. Device according to one of claims 30, 31 or 32, characterized in that the device is a tilting device for pivoting the working container into the first, in the second and in the third working position in which the working container processed soil in a collecting container. 34. Device according to one of claims 30 to 33, characterized in that the working container in at least one side wall of suction nozzles for extracting the floating, foam-like and contaminations formed first send shift has. 35. Device according to one of claims 30 to 34, characterized in that the working container in at least one side wall of suction nozzles for extracting the floating, foam-like and contaminations formed first send shift has. 36. Device according to one of claims 30 to 35,  characterized in that the working container further nozzles for the supply of air, inert gas and / or Re action gas. 37. Device according to one of claims 30 to 36, characterized in that the working container has an oscillating floor or ultrasonic heads. 38. Device according to one of claims 30 to 37, characterized in that the work container has a lid and connections for facilities for generating egg has overpressure or underpressure. 39. Device according to one of claims 30 to 38, characterized in that the working container plate electrodes and a DC voltage generator for the Ab separation of heavy metals. 40. Device according to one of claims 30 to 39, characterized in that the working container is a device with a light source, photodiodes and an off has value device for determining the absorption values. 41. Device according to one of claims 30 to 40, characterized in that  the device has means for performing the absorption spectral analysis. 42. Device according to one of claims 30 to 41, characterized in that the device has a computer for determining the contamination. 43. Device according to one of claims 30 to 42, characterized in that the working container has copper nets for amalgamating the mercury. 44. Device according to one of claims 30 to 43, characterized in that the device is integrated in a road vehicle and the work container by one in Axis extending longitudinally of the road vehicle is pivotally arranged. 45. Device according to one of claims 30 to 44, characterized in that a plate ( 56 ) with openings ( 57 ) is arranged in the working container at a distance from the walls of the working container above the nozzles ( 19 ). 46. Device according to claim 45, characterized in that the breakthroughs are holes, slots or elongated holes.   47. Apparatus according to claim 46, characterized in that the cross section ( 58 ) of the openings on the upstream side of the plate is larger than the cross section ( 59 ) of the openings on the downstream side of the plate. 48. Device according to claim 47, characterized in that the openings in the exit area have a sharp edge to break up the air bubbles exhibit. 49. Device for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 14 or one or more of claims 15 to 29, characterized in that the working container has two, arranged at a predetermined distance from each other, along their lateral surfaces in a strip-shaped area open hollow cylinder sections , the two are connected along their lateral surfaces in a strip-shaped area of open hollow cylinder sections with end plates ( 62 , 63 ) and limit the open chambers ( 69 and 73 ) with them, the device comprises a device ( 17 ) for treating the water which is conducted in a closed circuit having the inner open chamber ( 72 ) from the device fed nozzles and a return line to the device. 50. Apparatus for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 14 or one or more of claims 15 to 29, characterized in that the working container two, at a predetermined distance from each other, along their lateral surfaces in a strip-shaped area open hollow profile sections of elliptical cross-section, the two along their lateral surfaces in a strip-shaped area open hollow cylinder sections with end plates ( 62 , 63 ) connected and with them limit the two open chambers ( 69 and 73 ), the device a device ( 17 ) for processing the has in a closed circuit ge led water, the inner open chamber ( 72 ) from the device fed sticks nozzles and a return line to the device. 51. Device according to claim 49 or 50, characterized in that one in the axial direction between the open hollow cylinder sections or the hollow Profile sections of elliptical cross section in their lower apex area dividing wall divides the outer open chamber into two sub-chambers. 52. Device according to claim 49 or 50, characterized in that two in the axial direction between the open hollow cylinder sections or the hollow Profile sections of elliptical cross section in their lower apex area dividing walls dividing the outer open chamber into three sub-chambers and the middle chamber in the area of the inner chamber openings formed as nozzles having. 53. Device according to one of claims 49 to 52, characterized in that the inner chamber ( 72 ) perpendicular to its axis (its axes) nozzles and the outer open chamber has a drain line or its two outer part chambers each have a drain line and a line connects the middle part of the chamber with the device for treating the circulated water. 54. Device according to one of claims 49 to 53, characterized in that above the nozzles at a distance from the inner wall of the inner open chamber a plate with nozzles is arranged. 55. Device according to claim 53, characterized in that the openings in the exit area have a larger cross section than in the entrance Area. 56. Device according to one of claims 49 to 54, characterized in that the device can be pivoted on the end plates or on the outer surface has mounted journals. 57. Device for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 14 or one or more of claims 15 to 29, characterized in that the working container has two hollow cylinder sections arranged coaxially at a predetermined distance from one another, the two open hollow cylinder sections with one Base plate ( 88 ) are connected and with it the open top, the two edges of ( 90 and 90 ) having chamber of circular cross-section, arranged in the chamber at a predetermined distance another hollow cylinder section and with a base plate ( 93 ) to form the upwardly open, the edge ( 94 ) having chamber ( 96 ) is arranged, spacers are arranged between the base plates, the two hollow cylinder sections ( 89 and 92 ) and the two base plates define an intermediate chamber ( 95 ) having the edge ( 90 ) , below the edge ( 90 ) of the edge ( 94 ) and below the edge ( 94 ) the edge ( 90 ) runs, the device has a device ( 17 ) for treating the water circulated in a closed circuit, the inner open chamber ( 96 ) has nozzles fed by the device and a return line to the device, the middle chamber optionally with a drain line ( 100 ) or with the device for preparing the closed circuit water can be connected and the outer chamber ( 91 ) has a drain line with a pump ( 8 ). 58. Device according to one of claims 30 to 58 or 49 to 59, characterized in that the working container or the chamber has a tube with openings ( 57 ) and via a multi-way valve ( 97 ) with the device ( 17 ) for processing the in closed circuit of guided water is connectable. 59. Device for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 14 or one or more of claims 15 to 29, the device has two spaced-apart, hollow profile sections of cylindrical or elliptical cross-section, the two hollow profile sections under formation are connected by two open-topped chambers to a base plate, a double-walled hollow cylindrical body is arranged in the inner chamber, the two hollow cylindrical sections are connected to annular end plates to form a chamber of circular cross section, the two hollow cylindrical sections have openings which Device has a device ( 17 ) for treating the water in a closed circuit ge, a line connects the inner upwardly open chamber and another line connects the chamber of annular cross section with the device. 60. Device for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 14 or one or more of claims 15 to 29, characterized in that the device has a hollow profile section of cylindrical or elliptical cross section, the hollow profile section of cylindrical or elliptical Cross-section is formed with a bottom plate connected to form an upwardly open chamber, in the upwardly open chamber at least one double-walled body made of two spaced-apart hollow cylinder sections or rectangular profile sections is arranged, the two hollow cylinder sections or rectangular professional sections with circular or frame-shaped end plates are connected to form a self-contained chamber of annular or rectangular frame-like cross-section, the two hollow cylinder sections or rectangular profile sections have openings, the device Einric Attention ( 17 ) for treating the water circulated in a closed circuit, a line that connects the open chamber and another line connects the self-contained chamber to the device. 61. Device for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 14 or one or more of claims 15 to 29, characterized in that the device has a cylindrical hollow profile section or a hollow rectangular profile section, the cylindrical hollow profile section or the hollow Rectangle profile section is connected to form a chamber open to the top with a base plate, in the chamber open to the top, a double-walled body made of two hollow cylinder sections spaced apart from one another or a double-walled section made of two hollow rectangular section sections spaced apart is arranged, the two hollow cylinder sections or the two hollow rectangular profile sections with annular end plates or frame-like end plates are connected to form a chamber of annular or frame-like cross section, the two hollow cylinder sections or the two ho Hlen rectangular profiles have openings, the device has a device ( 17 ) for treating the water circulated in a closed circuit, a line that connects the chamber open upwards and another line connects the chamber of circular or frame-like cross-section with the device. 62. Device according to claim 61, characterized in that a pipe with breakthroughs through the open chamber and the body is carried out, the tube or the tube and the chamber open at the top a connection for the supply of circulated water and / or an circuit for steam or water and / or a connection for a device for Treatment of the water circulated in a closed circuit. 63. Device according to claim 61 or 62, characterized in that on the round hollow profile section or the hollow profile section of rectangular Cross section and on the base plate each a pneumatic or hydraulic Ar beitsylinder for pivoting the device in an inclined position for Ent Taking the floor are articulated, the lower area of the after in the removal position open container at the top below the nozzle-containing tube one to the bottom Removal opening that reaches the edge and can be closed by a flap. 64. Device according to one of claims 30 to 63, characterized in that the working container has an oscillating floor or ultrasonic heads. 65. Device according to one of claims 30 to 64, characterized in that the work container has a lid and connections for facilities for generating egg has overpressure or underpressure. 66. Device according to one of claims 30 to 65,  characterized in that the working container plate electrodes and a DC voltage generator for the Ab separation of heavy metals. 67. Device according to one of claims 30 to 66, characterized in that the working container is a device with a light source, photodiodes and an off has value device for determining the absorption values. 68. Device according to one of claims 30 to 67, characterized in that the device has means for performing the absorption spectral analysis. 69. Device according to one of claims 30 to 68, characterized in that the device has a computer for determining the contamination. 70. Device according to one of claims 30 to 70, characterized in that the working container has copper nets for amalgamating the mercury. 71. Device according to one or more of claims 30 to 70, characterized in that one or more devices are arranged on a ship.   72. Device according to one or more of claims 30 to 71, characterized in that the device with means of transport such as helicopters or the like from the ship can be brought out for use in riparian zones and / or in coastal areas.