DE4006731A1 - Schmierstoffbefuelltes schmierleitungsrohr aus thermoplastischem kunststoff - Google Patents

Schmierstoffbefuelltes schmierleitungsrohr aus thermoplastischem kunststoff

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Publication number
DE4006731A1
DE4006731A1 DE4006731A DE4006731A DE4006731A1 DE 4006731 A1 DE4006731 A1 DE 4006731A1 DE 4006731 A DE4006731 A DE 4006731A DE 4006731 A DE4006731 A DE 4006731A DE 4006731 A1 DE4006731 A1 DE 4006731A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
lubrication
pipe
biodegradable
lubricant
biologically degradable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE4006731A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
P Reinhold Huber
Joachim Fischer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Tecalemit GmbH
Original Assignee
Deutsche Tecalemit GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Tecalemit GmbH filed Critical Deutsche Tecalemit GmbH
Priority to DE4006731A priority Critical patent/DE4006731A1/de
Priority to DE4041154A priority patent/DE4041154A1/de
Publication of DE4006731A1 publication Critical patent/DE4006731A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N21/00—Conduits; Junctions; Fittings for lubrication apertures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M113/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickening agent being an inorganic material
    • C10M113/10—Clays; Micas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M113/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickening agent being an inorganic material
    • C10M113/12—Silica
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    • C10M117/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof
    • C10M117/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen
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    • C10M117/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen containing hydroxy groups
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    • C10M119/24—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
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    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
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    • C10M135/06—Esters, e.g. fats
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    • C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
    • C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
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    • C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
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    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein einschichtiges Schmierleitungsrohr aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff, insbesondere für Haupt- und Schmierstellenleitungen von automatischen Zentralschmieranlagen nach DIN 75 203, das mit einem konsistenten Schmierstoff vorbe­ füllt ist, der biologisch abbaubar ist, der seinerseits je aus biologisch abbaubaren Grundölen, Seifeneindickern und Additiven zusammengesetzt ist und eine Baueinheit bildet.
Schmierstoffbefüllte Schmierleitungsrohre aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, z. B. aus einschichtigen Polyamidrohren aus PA11 oder PA12 nach DIN 73 378, vorbefüllt insbesondere mit konsi­ stenten Schmierstoffen, z. B. Fließfetten der NLGI-Klasse 000 bis 00 nach DIN 51 818 auf Mineralölbasis, haben sich für die Hauptleitungen, auch unter voller Nutzung der für die Rohre zulässigen Betriebsdrücke und Temperaturen, sowie für die Schmierstellenleitungen von automatischen Zentralschmieranlagen von Nutzfahrzeugen seit Jahren im praktischen Dauereinsatz bewährt; sie stellen damit ein zuverlässiges, montagefreundliches und kostengünstiges Leitungsrohr für Zentralschmieranlagen der Verbrauchsschmierung dar (siehe auch DIN 24 271). Die Zuordnung der Schmierstellenleitungen zu den Einleitungs-, Mehrleitungs- oder Progressiv-Anlagen liegt hierbei im Bereich des Nenndurch­ messers DN = 1,5 bis 3,5 mm, für Hauptleitungen zu den Ein­ leitungs- oder Progressiv-Anlagen im Bereich des Nenndurch­ messers DN = 3,5 bis 8 mm; hinzu kommt die Konsistenz der Schmierstoffe, daraus resultierend die Arbeitsdrücke in den Anlagen und die Wirkart aufgrund ihres konstruktiven Aufbaus.
Die heute eingesetzten Schmierstoffe auf Mineralöl-, synthe­ tischer Basis (z. B. Olefine oder Alkylate) oder teilsynthe­ tischer Basis zeichnen sich durch ihre chemisch-physikalische Stabilität aus; diese wird noch erhöht durch die entsprechenden Wirkstoffe (Additive), z. B. um die Oxydationsstabilität, sowie zusätzlich den Korrosionsschutz, die Wasserbeständigkeit, das Haftvermögen und die Verschleißschutzeigenschaften gezielt zu erhöhen. Die Seifeneindicker bilden ein fasriges Gerüst, welches das Grundöl festhält; es besteht aus Seifen, d. h. den Metallsalzen von langkettigen Fettsäuren, z. B. Rizinusöl. Dementsprechend lange ist die Standzeit dieser Schmierstoffe in der Umwelt, bis sie schlußendlich ebenfalls abgebaut werden.
Ausgehend von diesem bekannten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, mit solchen konsistenten Schmier­ stoffen vorbefüllte Schmierleitungsrohre zu schaffen, deren Schmierstoffe eine wesentlich kürzere biologische Abbauzeit besitzen - bei hinreichenden Schmier- und Verschleißeigenschaften -, und damit die Forderungen des Umweltschutzes erfüllen. Hierbei müssen die Schmierstoffe in ihrer Gesamtheit biologisch abbaubar oder zumindest verträglich sein; aber auch ihre einzelnen Bestandteile, d. h. die Grundöle, Seifeneindicker und Additive müssen im einzelnen biologisch abbaubar sein. Bedingt durch das Arbeitsverfahren der systematisch-automatisierten Verbrauchs­ schmierung wird der jungfräuliche Schmierstoff in geringen bis geringsten Mengen pro Dosierung bzw. pro Zeiteinheit nur einmal der Reibstelle zugeführt (Minimalmengenschmierung); seine Ver­ weilzeit dort ist relativ kurz, d. h. die Anforderungen an seine Stabilität sind bei diesem Schmierverfahren wesentlich geringer als bei der herkömmlichen Handabschmierung mit einer längeren Verweilzeit in der Reibstelle. Anschließend erfüllt der Schmier­ stoff als Fettkragen eine Dichtwirkung, fällt auf die Straße, vermischt sich mit Schutz sowie evtl. Wasser und muß dort bio­ logisch abgebaut werden.
Für den chemischen Aufbau solcher konsistenten Schmierstoffe kommen nur ganz bestimmte Stoffklassen in Frage, welche unter Wasser-, Licht- und Mikrobeneinflüssen angegriffen und deren Grundelemente Kohlen- und Wasserstoff in Kohlendioxyd und Wasser oxydiert werden; dies gilt für die Grundöle und die organischen Verbindungen der Seifeneindicker und evtl. Additive gleichermaßen; tatsächlich bleiben aber bei letzteren noch Restbestandteile anderer Elemente erhalten (z. B. Schwefel).
Folgende Stoffklassen biologisch abbaubarer Bestandteile und ihrer Kombinationen konsistenter Schmierstoffe mit einem Masseanteil von X% kommen in Frage für die
Grundöle (80-90%)
  • - Diesteröle (Carbonsäureester),
  • - Pflanzenöle (z. B. Rapsöl),
  • - Diester-/Pflanzenöle,
  • - Glykole (höherer Gehalt an Ethylenoxyd);
während die Diester-, Pflanzen- und u. U. Mineralöle mitein­ ander verträglich sind, ist dies bei Glykolen nicht der Fall; diese stellen also eine separate Stoffklasse dar.
Seifeneindicker (5-15%)
  • - Lithiumanion,
  • - Calciumanion,
  • - Calcium-Lithiumanion,
  • - Natriumanion;
es handelt sich um die Hydroxyde dieser Metalle mit lang­ kettigen pflanzlichen tierischen Fetten (z. B. Rizinusöl oder Talg) oder ihren Hydrierungen (z. B. 12-Hydroxystearat aus Rizinolsäure). Während Lithium mit Calcium verträglich und damit auch bei ihren Endprodukten als verschiedene kon­ sistente Schmierstoffe mischbar sind, trifft dies bei Natrium nicht zu.
Additive (0-5%; fakultativ)
  • - schwefelhaltig,
  • - phosphorhaltig,
  • - stickstoffhaltig;
als organische Verbindungen, z. B. für verschleißmindernde Extreme-Pressure-Wirkstoffe (schwermetall- und/oder halogenhaltige Verbindungen sind aus Umweltgründen unzulässig).
  • - Fettsäuren;
    z. B. als Korrosionsinhibitoren.
Analoges der Grundöle und Additive gilt für die viskosen (flüssigen) Schmierstoffe.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabenstellung erfolgt mit den Merkmalen des Kennzeichnungsteils von Anspruch 1.
Ein einschichtiges Schmierleitungsrohr aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff, vorzugsweise aus Polyamid, ist mit einem biologisch abbaubaren konsistenten Schmierstoff befüllt; seine einzelnen Bestandteile Grundöl(e), Seifeneindicker und fakultativ Additive sind ebenfalls biologisch abbaubar. Beide, Schmierleitungsrohr und Schmierstoff stellen eine Baueinheit dar. Um das evtl. Auslaufen des Schmierstoffes aus dem Rohr zu verhindern sind seine beiden Enden mit Stopfen, Nippeln o. ä. verschlossen.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt das mit Schmierstoff vorbefüllte Schmierleitungs­ rohr als eine Baueinheit.
Das thermoplastische Rohr ist (1), der konsistente Schmierstoff ist (2); mit ihm ist das Rohr vorbefüllt. Die Enden des Rohres (1) sind mit Stopfen (3) verschlossen. Der Innendurchmesser DN des Rohres (1) ist (4); seine Kennzeichnung ist (6). Das komplette Rohr (1) stellt die Baueinheit (5) dar; sie ist das Schmierleitungs­ rohr.
Weitere abweichende Ausführungsformen, die nicht im einzelnen beansprucht sind, werden durch die folgenden Merkmale gekenn­ zeichnet (Basis Fig. 1):
Form 1 Das mehrschichtige Rohr (2) aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen ist vernetzt (chemisch oder Strahlen-vernetzt).
Form 2 Das mehrschichtige Rohr (2) besteht aus thermoplastischen Olefinen.
Form 3 Die Eindicker der biologisch abbaubaren konsistenten Schmierstoffe bestehen aus biologisch abbaubaren organo­ philen Tonerden (Bentonit-, Hectorit-, Baragel-Fette).
Form 4 Die Eindicker der biologisch abbaubaren konsistenten Schmierstoffe bestehen aus biologisch abbaubaren organischen Polyharnstoffen oder substituierten Polyharnstoffen (Polyurea-, Polyharnstoff-Fette).
Form 5 Die Eindicker der biologisch abbaubaren konsistenten Schmierstoffe bestehen aus biologisch verträglichen anorganischen hochdispersen Kieselsäuren (Gel-, Silicagel- Fette).
Form 6 Die Additive der biologisch abbaubaren konsistenten Schmierstoffe bestehen aus biologisch abbaubaren orga­ nischen EP-Wirkstoffen schwefel-stickstoffhaltiger Verbindungen (z. B. Di-Mercapto-Thio-Diazol-Derivate) oder schwefel-phosphorhaltiger Verbindungen und ge­ schwefelten Fettölen (Ester von Fettsäuren), geschwefelten Estern oder geschwefelten Alkoholen oder deren Gemischen plus - als Korrosionsinhibitoren - Calcium-Sulfonaten oder aminischen Verbindungen plus - als Oxydations­ inhibitoren geringst möglichen Masseanteils - phenolische oder aminische Verbindungen,wobei der gesamte Schwefel­ gehalt kleiner als 20 Masseprozent ausmacht.
Form 7 Die Moleküle der Polyglykole (auch als Polyetheröle oder Polyalkylenglykole bezeichnet) werden im Poly­ merisationsverfahren so aufgebaut, daß ihre langkettigen Strukturen höhere Massenanteile (< 30%) von Ethylenoxyd (-O-CH2-CH2-)n enthalten; so werden sie mit Wasser mischbar, die natürliche Oxydationsbeständigkeit wird erhöht, das Reibungs- und Verschleißverhalten ist - aufgrund ihres polaren Charakters - außerordentlich stabil. Dies führt zu einer deutlich geringeren Addi­ tivierung (z. B. schwefelhaltiger Verbindungen), fakultativ null. Als Seifeneindicker kommen hierbei auch Lithium-, Calcium- und Calcium-Lithium-Anionen in Frage.
Bezugszeichen
1 Rohr
2 konsistenter Schmierstoff
3 Stopfen, Nippel o. ä.
4 Innendurchmesser DN
5 Baueinheit Schmierleitungsrohr
6 Kennzeichnung

Claims (8)

1. Einschichtiges Schmierleitungsrohr für Schmierstellen- und Hauptleitungen von automatischen Zentralschmieranlagen für Nutzfahrzeuge aus thermoplstischen Kunststoff, das mit einem konsistenten Schmierstoff vorbefüllt ist, der auf Mineralöl-, synthetischer oder teilsynthetischer Basis des Grundöls, aus Metallseifeneindickern und Additiven aufgebaut ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das einschichtige Rohr (1) mit dem vorbefüllten, konsistenten und biologisch abbaubaren Schmierstoff (2), der aus biologisch abbaubaren Grundölen auf der Basis von Diestern, Pflanzenölen oder Diester-Pflanzenölen in Verbindung mit biologisch abbau­ baren Lithium-, Calcium-, Calcium-Lithium-Seifeneindickern oder auf der Basis von biologisch abbaubaren Polyglykolen in Verbindung mit einem biologisch abbaubaren Natrium-Seifen­ eindicker, sowie fakultativ jeweils mit einem oder mehreren Additiven als organische, biologisch-abbaubare Schwefel- oder Phosphor- und/oder Schwefel-Stickstoff- und/oder Schwefel- Phosphor-Verbindungen und anorganische Schwefelverbindungen zusammengesetzt ist, eine Baueinheit (5) bildet.
2. Schmierleitungsrohr nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rohr (1) aus Polyamid besteht.
3. Schmierleitungsrohr nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rohr (1) im Durchmesserbereich 1,5≦DN≦3,5 mm des Innendurchmessers (4) für Schmierstellenleitungen von Zentral­ schmieranlagen mit den konstruktiven Merkmalen des Einleitungs-, Mehrleitungs- oder Progressiv-Systems ausgebildet ist.
4. Schmierleitungsrohr nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rohr (1) im Durchmesserbereich 3,5≦DN≦7 mm des Innendurchmessers (4) für Hauptleitungen von Zentralschmier­ anlagen mit den konstruktiven Merkmalen des Einleitungs- oder Progressiv-Systems ausgebildet ist.
5. Schmierleitungsrohr nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Baueinheit (5) des Rohres (1) gleich oder mehr als 25 m Länge beträgt.
6. Schmierleitungsrohr nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Baueinheit (5) des Rohres (1) an ihren beiden Enden mit einem Stopfen, Nippel o. ä. (3) verschlossen ist.
7. Schmierleitungsrohr nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rohr (1) längs mindestens einer Mantellinie in regel­ mäßigen Abständen eine Kennzeichnung (6) trägt, die sämtliche erforderlichen Kenndaten enthält.
8. Schmierleitungsrohr nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die biologisch abbaubaren Additive absolut frei von Schwer­ metallen und/oder Halogenen sowie deren Derivaten sind.
DE4006731A 1990-03-03 1990-03-03 Schmierstoffbefuelltes schmierleitungsrohr aus thermoplastischem kunststoff Withdrawn DE4006731A1 (de)

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DE4041154A DE4041154A1 (de) 1990-03-03 1990-12-21 Schmierleitungsrohr aus thermoplastischem kunststoff, befuellt mit einem biologisch abbaubaren schmierfett

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0806470A2 (de) * 1996-05-08 1997-11-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Auf biologisch abbaubarem pflanzlichem Öl basierendes Schmierfett
EP0806469A2 (de) * 1996-05-08 1997-11-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Auf biologisch abbaubarem pflanzlichem Öl basierendes verbessertes Schmierfett
DE102008004999A1 (de) * 2008-01-17 2009-07-30 Fritz Himmermann Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines fächerförmigen Strahls

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0806470A2 (de) * 1996-05-08 1997-11-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Auf biologisch abbaubarem pflanzlichem Öl basierendes Schmierfett
EP0806469A2 (de) * 1996-05-08 1997-11-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Auf biologisch abbaubarem pflanzlichem Öl basierendes verbessertes Schmierfett
EP0806469A3 (de) * 1996-05-08 1998-04-15 The Lubrizol Corporation Auf biologisch abbaubarem pflanzlichem Öl basierendes verbessertes Schmierfett
EP0806470A3 (de) * 1996-05-08 1998-04-15 The Lubrizol Corporation Auf biologisch abbaubarem pflanzlichem Öl basierendes Schmierfett
AU727127B2 (en) * 1996-05-08 2000-11-30 Lubrizol Corporation, The A biodegradable vegetable oil grease
DE102008004999A1 (de) * 2008-01-17 2009-07-30 Fritz Himmermann Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines fächerförmigen Strahls
DE102008004999B4 (de) * 2008-01-17 2016-12-01 Jopp Holding GmbH Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines fächerförmigen Strahls und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Vorrichtung

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