DE3750778D1 - Herstellung einer aus Filamenten bestehenden, geformten Struktur. - Google Patents

Herstellung einer aus Filamenten bestehenden, geformten Struktur.

Info

Publication number
DE3750778D1
DE3750778D1 DE3750778T DE3750778T DE3750778D1 DE 3750778 D1 DE3750778 D1 DE 3750778D1 DE 3750778 T DE3750778 T DE 3750778T DE 3750778 T DE3750778 T DE 3750778T DE 3750778 D1 DE3750778 D1 DE 3750778D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
manufacture
shaped structure
filament shaped
filament
shaped
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE3750778T
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE3750778T2 (de
DE3750778T3 (de
Inventor
Peter Geoffrey Lawton
Norman Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aerospace Preforms Ltd
Original Assignee
Aerospace Preforms Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=10592045&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=DE3750778(D1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Aerospace Preforms Ltd filed Critical Aerospace Preforms Ltd
Publication of DE3750778D1 publication Critical patent/DE3750778D1/de
Publication of DE3750778T2 publication Critical patent/DE3750778T2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3750778T3 publication Critical patent/DE3750778T3/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H18/00—Needling machines
    • D04H18/02—Needling machines with needles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/105—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by needling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
    • F16D65/125—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by the material used for the disc body
    • F16D65/126—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by the material used for the disc body the material being of low mechanical strength, e.g. carbon, beryllium; Torque transmitting members therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/023—Composite materials containing carbon and carbon fibres or fibres made of carbonizable material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0034—Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
    • F16D2200/0052—Carbon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/006—Materials; Production methods therefor containing fibres or particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49787—Obtaining plural composite product pieces from preassembled workpieces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49789—Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49801—Shaping fiber or fibered material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53039—Means to assemble or disassemble with control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
    • Y10T29/53061—Responsive to work or work-related machine element
    • Y10T29/53065—Responsive to work or work-related machine element with means to fasten by deformation

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
DE3750778T 1986-01-28 1987-01-21 Herstellung einer aus Filamenten bestehenden, geformten Struktur. Expired - Fee Related DE3750778T3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB868602003A GB8602003D0 (en) 1986-01-28 1986-01-28 Carbonisable fibre assembly

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3750778D1 true DE3750778D1 (de) 1995-01-05
DE3750778T2 DE3750778T2 (de) 1995-06-22
DE3750778T3 DE3750778T3 (de) 1998-04-02

Family

ID=10592045

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE8787300488T Expired - Fee Related DE3774720D1 (de) 1986-01-28 1987-01-21 Aus filamenten bestehende, geformte struktur.
DE3750778T Expired - Fee Related DE3750778T3 (de) 1986-01-28 1987-01-21 Herstellung einer aus Filamenten bestehenden, geformten Struktur.

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE8787300488T Expired - Fee Related DE3774720D1 (de) 1986-01-28 1987-01-21 Aus filamenten bestehende, geformte struktur.

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (4) US4955123A (de)
EP (2) EP0232059B2 (de)
DE (2) DE3774720D1 (de)
GB (1) GB8602003D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (66)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5388320A (en) * 1987-01-27 1995-02-14 Aerospace Preforms Limited Production of shaped filamentary structures
US5882781A (en) * 1986-01-28 1999-03-16 Aerospace Preforms Limited Shaped fibrous fabric structure comprising multiple layers of fibrous material
US5705264A (en) * 1987-01-27 1998-01-06 Aerpspace Preforms Limited Production of shaped filamentary structures
FR2626294B1 (fr) * 1988-01-26 1990-07-13 Carbone Ind Procede de fabrication d'une structure fibreuse tridimensionnelle en vue de la realisation ulterieure d'une piece en un materiau composite et machine pour sa mise en oeuvre
RU2072012C1 (ru) * 1989-07-25 1997-01-20 Данлоп Лимитед Способ изготовления заготовки из углеродного волокна для композиционных материалов
GB2250520B (en) * 1989-07-25 1993-06-09 Dunlop Ltd Manufacture of carbon fibre preform
AU8425691A (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-03-30 Aerospace Preforms Limited Production of shaped filamentary structures
FR2669854B1 (fr) * 1990-12-03 1993-03-19 Europ Propulsion Procede d'elaboration d'une preforme fibreuse d'epaisseur evolutive pour fabriquer une piece en materiau composite du type a matrice carbone ou ceramique.
US5337940A (en) * 1990-12-11 1994-08-16 Woods Harlan L Composite preform and method of manufacturing fiber reinforced composite
US5217770A (en) * 1991-08-15 1993-06-08 The B. F. Goodrich Company Braided shaped filamentary structures and methods of making
CA2077130C (en) * 1991-09-04 2003-04-29 Edward Lee Morris Carbon fiber reinforced carbon/carbon composite and method of its manufacture
FR2686907B1 (fr) * 1992-02-05 1996-04-05 Europ Propulsion Procede d'elaboration de preformes fibreuses pour la fabrication de pieces en materiaux composites et produits obtenus par le procede.
US5392500A (en) * 1991-12-02 1995-02-28 Societe Europeenne De Propulsion Process for the manufacture of a fibrous preform formed of refractory fibers for producing a composite material article
GB9201605D0 (en) * 1992-01-24 1992-03-11 Aerospace Preforms Ltd Improvements in or relating to fibrous articles
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US6405417B1 (en) 1994-07-25 2002-06-18 Goodrich Corporation Process for forming fibrous structures with predetermined Z-fiber distributions
US5515585A (en) * 1994-07-25 1996-05-14 The Bf Goodrich Company Process for forming needled fibrous structures using determined transport depth
US6029327A (en) 1994-07-25 2000-02-29 The B.F. Goodrich Company Process for forming fibrous structures with predetermined Z-fiber distributions
US5654059A (en) * 1994-08-05 1997-08-05 Amoco Corporation Fiber-reinforced carbon and graphite articles and method for the production thereof
FR2726013B1 (fr) * 1994-10-20 1997-01-17 Carbone Ind Procede de realisation d'un substrat fibreux par superposition de couches fibreuses et substrat ainsi obtenu
US5546880A (en) * 1994-12-29 1996-08-20 The Bf Goodrich Company Annular filamentary structures and methods of making
FR2732984B1 (fr) * 1995-04-13 1997-07-04 Europ Propulsion Procede de fabrication de pieces structurales complexes monobloc en materiau composite
US5908792A (en) 1995-10-04 1999-06-01 The B. F. Goodrich Company Brake disk having a functional gradient Z-fiber distribution
US5758394A (en) * 1996-12-20 1998-06-02 The B.F. Goodrich Company Rotary needling process and support for making needled fibrous structures
FR2761380B1 (fr) * 1997-03-28 1999-07-02 Europ Propulsion Procede et machine pour la realisation de nappes fibreuses multiaxiales
US6105223A (en) * 1997-04-30 2000-08-22 The B. F. Goodrich Company Simplified process for making thick fibrous structures
US6365257B1 (en) 1999-04-14 2002-04-02 Bp Corporation North America Inc. Chordal preforms for fiber-reinforced articles and method for the production thereof
DE69914959T2 (de) * 1999-11-25 2004-12-16 Dunlop Aerospace Ltd. Abriebsbeständige gegenstände
US6325186B1 (en) * 2000-04-04 2001-12-04 Jarlen Don Near-net shape fabrication of friction disk ring structures
US6645333B2 (en) 2001-04-06 2003-11-11 Ebert Composites Corporation Method of inserting z-axis reinforcing fibers into a composite laminate
US7056576B2 (en) * 2001-04-06 2006-06-06 Ebert Composites, Inc. 3D fiber elements with high moment of inertia characteristics in composite sandwich laminates
US6676785B2 (en) 2001-04-06 2004-01-13 Ebert Composites Corporation Method of clinching the top and bottom ends of Z-axis fibers into the respective top and bottom surfaces of a composite laminate
US7731046B2 (en) * 2001-04-06 2010-06-08 Ebert Composites Corporation Composite sandwich panel and method of making same
US7105071B2 (en) 2001-04-06 2006-09-12 Ebert Composites Corporation Method of inserting z-axis reinforcing fibers into a composite laminate
US20050025948A1 (en) * 2001-04-06 2005-02-03 Johnson David W. Composite laminate reinforced with curvilinear 3-D fiber and method of making the same
US7785693B2 (en) 2001-04-06 2010-08-31 Ebert Composites Corporation Composite laminate structure
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US6691393B2 (en) * 2001-04-09 2004-02-17 Honeywell International Inc. Wear resistance in carbon fiber friction materials
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US6617013B2 (en) 2001-05-10 2003-09-09 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Ceramic matrix composite having improved interlaminar strength
FR2839985B1 (fr) 2002-05-23 2004-08-20 Messier Bugatti Procede et installation pour la fabrication de preformes fibreuses annulaires
US20050118448A1 (en) * 2002-12-05 2005-06-02 Olin Corporation, A Corporation Of The Commonwealth Of Virginia Laser ablation resistant copper foil
CA2539945C (en) * 2003-09-17 2015-04-21 Ossur Hf Wound dressing and method for manufacturing the same
TW200536977A (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-11-16 Messier Bugatti Method of producing a fabrous preform
FR2869330B1 (fr) 2004-04-23 2006-07-21 Messier Bugatti Sa Procede de fabrication de nappe fibreuse bidimensionnelle helicoidale
US7198739B2 (en) * 2004-05-25 2007-04-03 Honeywell International Inc. Manufacture of thick preform composites via multiple pre-shaped fabric mat layers
FR2880016B1 (fr) 2004-12-23 2007-04-20 Messier Bugatti Sa Procede de realisation de preforme fibreuse pour la fabrication de pieces en materiau composite de type carbone/carbone incorporant des particules en ceramique, et produit ainsi obtenus
US20080078657A1 (en) * 2006-10-03 2008-04-03 J.H. Fenner & Co. Ltd Oriented needled felt conveyor belt
GB2454704B (en) * 2007-11-16 2012-05-02 Richard Allen A method of manufacturing a fibrous structure and an apparatus therefor
US8281907B2 (en) * 2007-12-03 2012-10-09 Honeywell International Inc. Brake assembly having multi-piece core and replaceable friction surfaces
US20090229194A1 (en) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-17 Advanced Shielding Technologies Europe S.I. Portable modular data center
FR2933973B1 (fr) 2008-07-16 2011-09-09 Messier Bugatti Procede de fabrication d'une piece de friction en materiau composite carbone/carbone
US8060997B2 (en) * 2009-03-04 2011-11-22 Goodrich Corporation Low z preform
US8794925B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2014-08-05 United Technologies Corporation Root region of a blade for a gas turbine engine
GB201103002D0 (en) 2011-02-22 2011-04-06 Marathon Belting Ltd A carbon or carbonizable fibrous structure and a method of manufacturing same
AT511349B1 (de) 2011-09-21 2012-11-15 Kapsch Group Beteiligungs Gmbh Faserhalbzeug, faser-verbundwerkstoff und verfahren zu deren herstellung
CN103233323B (zh) * 2013-05-07 2015-09-02 江苏天鸟高新技术股份有限公司 环状纤维预制件及其制备方法
US10400371B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2019-09-03 Bam Inc. Low density cloth preform and methods of manufacturing same
US11215250B2 (en) * 2015-06-10 2022-01-04 Freni Brembo S.P.A. Shaped material and manufacturing method
ITUB20152386A1 (it) * 2015-07-22 2017-01-22 Freni Brembo Spa Materiale sagomato e procedimento di fabbricazione
FR3048435B1 (fr) * 2016-03-02 2018-04-06 Safran Aircraft Engines Installation et procede pour la fabrication d'une texture fibreuse en forme de bande presentant en section transversale un profil evolutif
US11614136B2 (en) * 2020-01-14 2023-03-28 Goodrich Corporation Wear liner manufacturing systems and methods

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FR2466557A1 (fr) * 1979-09-28 1981-04-10 Asselin Sa Ets Aiguilleteuse pour nappes non-tissees
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US4790052A (en) * 1983-12-28 1988-12-13 Societe Europeenne De Propulsion Process for manufacturing homogeneously needled three-dimensional structures of fibrous material
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FR2565262B1 (fr) * 1984-05-29 1986-09-26 Europ Propulsion Procede de fabrication d'une texture fibreuse multidirectionnelle et dispositif destine a la mise en oeuvre du procede
US4879098A (en) * 1985-01-25 1989-11-07 Becton, Dickinson And Company Device for the separation of the lighter fraction from the heavier fraction of a liquid sample

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0424988B2 (de) 1997-12-10
EP0232059B1 (de) 1991-11-27
US5113568A (en) 1992-05-19
GB8602003D0 (en) 1986-03-05
EP0232059B2 (de) 1994-09-28
EP0424988B1 (de) 1994-11-23
DE3750778T2 (de) 1995-06-22
DE3774720D1 (de) 1992-01-09
DE3750778T3 (de) 1998-04-02
EP0232059A3 (en) 1989-03-08
EP0232059A2 (de) 1987-08-12
US5184387A (en) 1993-02-09
US4955123A (en) 1990-09-11
EP0424988A1 (de) 1991-05-02
US5081754A (en) 1992-01-21

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