DE3425010A1 - Double-pile loom - Google Patents

Abstract

What is indicated is a double-pile loom including a cutting knife which is fastened on a slide, for sliding on a rail in parallel with the cloth seam and for moving to and fro in the transverse direction in the space between the upper and the lower web of the fabric in synchronism with the picking, in such a way that pile yarns joining together the said two webs of the fabric are cut to form neps or a pile. The cutting-knife edge of the said cutting knife is produced from a single-crystal sapphire. The cutting-knife edge is highly resistant to wear, and the cutting properties or the cutting characteristic are preserved for a long period of time. No grindstone for grinding the cutting-knife edge is provided.

Description

The invention relates to double-pile looms and more particularly onto the pile cutter attached to the double pile loom.

In the double-pile loom, the upper and lower base fabric are woven twice (at the same time) while they are with Pile yarns are tacked or quilted, and if these pile yarns are cut at the back of the fabric seam and formed into a pile, two separate pile fabrics are created at the same time made with cut warp threads.

This type of pile fabric is called Wilton, coquette, velor, plush or the like. designated.

As with the ordinary loom, e.g. a single-guard loom, the double-pile loom comprises a chain circuit device, a shedding device, a weft insertion device, a tapping or striking device, a receiving device and the like. However, the double-pile loom is one of ordinary looms for weaving cotton or woolen fabrics different with regard to the particular device such as the pile cutter.

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- ■ For fabrics woven on the ordinary loom, the appearance of the woven texture, consisting of crisscrossing warps and wefts, is a decisive factor in determining the commercial value of the fabric and an uneven weft density or weft (wefts that do not run straight ) are considered to be a defect or a defect. ~~~

On the other hand, in pile fabrics, the woven texture, consisting of ... us crisscrossing warps and wefts, occurs on the front side of the Fabric does not appear and affects the commercial value of the fabric to a lesser extent, whereas the smoothness (uniformity) the pile or pile-covered surface is an important factor that determines the commercial value of the fabric, whereby the roughness of this surface, which is caused by the difference in pile length, leads to a defect or disadvantage.

The degree of smoothness of a pile-covered surface depends on whether the cutting device operates regularly or irregularly.

A cutting device according to the prior art generally includes the structure shown in Figures 1 to 4 of the drawing.

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In the drawing, reference numerals 18 and 19 denote a basic texture of the upper and lower fabrics consisting of warps and gunfire. Reference numeral 14 denotes the pile yarns which are woven into the structure in such a way that they form the basic texture Pin 18 and 19 of the top and bottom fabrics together. Reference numerals 2 and 3 denote a rail that is parallel is worn with the cloth seam or a slider that slides on the rail 2 and is equipped with a cutting knife 4. The slide is driven by a drum 6 so that that it is moved back and forth in the space between the upper and the lower basic texture 18 and 19, the drum 6 through the rope 5 rotates synchronously with the cutting movement (picking motion) to the right and in the opposite direction.

The cutting knife edge 13 cuts a plurality of pile yarns 14 which are woven into the texture and the upper and lower texture 18 and 19, staple together and in shot-wise orientation to form pile or nubs 15 _v in Schußlinien- arranged direction. At the same time, the basic textures 18 and 19 are separated from one another upwards and downwards. Two cut warp pile fabrics are formed in this manner - the top fabric 11 with the pile covered surface on the lower side and the lower fabric 12 with a similar pile covered surface on the upper side.

Reference numerals 9 and Io denote stationary plate-like ones Bars, called scale or level staff (scale) to prevent oscillation of the upper and lower basic textures 18 and 19 "when the cutting knife 4 is moving.

Usually the number of pile yarns oriented weft reaches the value of thousands, and the cutting knife edge 13 for cutting these yarns in a single pass is prone to wear. As a countermeasure for such a

When using as described above, a pair of whetstones 7 and 8 (7 ¹ and 8 ¹ ) »facing up and down, respectively, are placed near both edges or edges of the fabric or fabric and spring 16 (16 ' ) so operated that the front and back of the moving cutting knife edge 13 are ground by the grindstones during each reciprocation thereof.

To grind the cutting knife edge at a specified angle from one end to the other end thereof, the grinding stones 7 and 8 (7 ^l and 8 ') must be present under a specified uniform pressure when the grinding knife edge touches it from end to end.

In other words, grindstones need to be attached to the loom and secured so that the cutting knife edge is in point contact with the grindstones under a predetermined pressure is present. The grinding stone surfaces that are to come into contact with the cutting knife edge must be in the longitudinal direction, similar to the surface of a cone, but must be curved at every point in the transverse direction from one end to the other end must be straight along the direction of travel of the cutting knife, and these conditions must be maintained constant will.

However, the embodiment described above is only theoretical possible, but extremely difficult in practice.

The problems associated with the prior art are summarized below:

(1) The pressure or pressing effect due to the weight of the down ■ aligned grinding stone 8 on the cutting knife edge 13 is strong, whereas that of the upward

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straightened grindstone 7 is weak. Considering of the weight of the grindstones must accordingly be the strength of a Spring 16 for the grindstone 7 pointing downwards and that of a further spring 16 'for the one pointing upwards Grinding stone 8 can be set weak or strong to adjust the two grinding stones so that they press the cutting knife edge 13 with the same amount of pressure. However, the design of the spring 16 or 16 'is in the Way that they meet the condition described above, difficult and the cutting knife edge gradually changes its shape, i.e. the front side, in the course of use and the back (top and bottom) of the cutting knife edge lose the symmetrical shape that exists between them Angular relationship, which causes a difference in pile length between the two fabric panels in such a way is that the pile length a of the fabric on one side, on which the cutting knife edge deviates is short, whereas the pile length b on the other side is long. Although the fabric with the long pile or long knobs can be properly finished by scissors and in accordance can be brought with the standard, the fabric with the short pile or the short pimples may be considered unacceptable only to be eliminated.

(2) By setting the positions of the level staff 9 and in the vertical direction for defining a path on which the cutting knife edge 13 is at an intermediate position between the upper fabric 11 and the lower fabric moves, an inferior product is avoided in any case, which is due to a length difference between the Nubs 15 of the upper fabric 11 and of the lower fabric 12, which can be attributed to the deviating cutting knife edge, results. If, however, the above-mentioned

is carried out, the middle position between the upper fabric 11 and the lower fabric 12 gradually far from where the cutting knife is initially attached. In this case moved a new cutting knife edge, which replaces the old one, takes place in a predictable way, creating a large difference in pile length between the upper and lower tissues is caused ι and a sharp step occurs on the pile-covered surface on each panel of the fabric according to the time of the replacement of the cutting knife edge on. In particular, in the case of moquette in which the pile length a (b) can usually be as short as 2 to 3 mm is, the cutting knife edge in the event of a deviation may eat into the basic texture 18 (19) on one side and cause an irreparable defect such as broken texture.

(3) The cutting knife gradually becomes short as its edge is always grinded by the whetstones when in use is subject. The edge 13 'of a new cutting knife replacing the old one is in the vicinity of the cloth seam Distance or a length d, which is expected to be the length of wear Is arranged. Accordingly, although hitherto a series of pile yarns oriented to the weft has been cut by pulling or moving the cutting knife immediately after replacement or replacement the cutting knife undesirably (unreasonably) cut two or more rows. A change in the Cutting conditions as described above cause an error called a weft streak on the pile-covered surface.

(4) The grindstones 7 and 8 can be made in accordance with the user's desire to obtain a sharp cutting,

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subjected to strong pressing or pressing on the cutting knife edge 13; however, a very s ~ ar - "^ - kes pressing too great a sharpness of the cutting knife edge 13

and creates a roughness on the edge 13 which, contrary to what the user desires, degrades the cutting ability. Moreover, such a deteriorated cutting knife edge cuts the pile yarns in a tear manner and causes an irreparable defect such as a hairy surface.
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(5) A step-like rubbing or grinding mark occurs gradually on the whetstones at the point where the cutting knife edge was sharpened. if the sharpening knife is replaced and placed in position without replacing the deformed sharpening stones, a deformation of the cutting knife edge, in particular accelerates their roughness. Even if either ^ a cutting knife or whetstone is worn and deformed, both must be replaced or sharpened and set correctly. However, the grinding and adjustment of the worn grindstones requires a considerable amount of skill and in many cases the worn grindstone must be replaced with a new one will.

(6) In the case of a fabric with a high pile density, e.g. moquette, a pile length difference of as little as 0.1 mm is regarded as a defect called a stepped surface. the Adjustment of the level staff 9 and Io, the grinding stones 7

3o- and 8 and the cutting knife edge 13 requires a high degree in skill and a considerable amount of time. In the practical version, the cutting knife edge must be ground and adjusted at intervals of about 30 minutes during weaving. Therefore, with the common

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Cutting device a complete automation of the double-pile loom is not possible, so that the loom remains at a remarkably low level of productivity.

(7) After the final adjustment of the replaced cutting knife or the exchanged grindstones is a trial run which inevitably causes the defect or disadvantage such as irregularly cut yarn.

(8) As described above, due to such a small pile length difference as 0.1 mm perceived as a defect in appearance, and this disadvantage is inevitable even if it is considerably high Degree of skill is applied to this operation. Therefore, according to the prior art, taking into account the occurrence of the defect or defect described above, the fabric woven so that it is with a slightly longer pile than the pile to be obtained in the finished product is provided, whereupon the pile is sheared cut evenly to fit the standard length.

Usually the tip of the pile is cut away by shearing to a length of, for example, 0.3 to 0.6 mm. However, removing a length of the order of 0.3 to 0.6 mm from the pile length of a fabric with a short pile or short knobs, such as a moquette, in the range of 2 to 3 mm corresponds to a loss of 15 % or more of pile yarn, as a simple calculation shows. The pile yarns are much more expensive than the weft and warp yarns for the basic texture. Thus, the loss of yarn affects

in the shearing process, to a large extent, the cost of the products.

The object of the invention is to create a double-pile loom of high operating efficiency that does not require any adjustment in the definition of the cutting knife and grindstone.

Another purpose of the invention is to create a double-pile loom, the one pile length difference between the top and bottom panels of the pile fabric, a break in the base texture, streaks in the weft direction due to a change in the cutting conditions, the appearance of lint or fibers on the pile-covered surface, and such defects as step-like Marking of the pile-covered surface, which on the other hand can be caused during trial operation of the same, does not evoke.

A third purpose of the invention is to reduce the loss of pile yarn as a result of the difference in pile length between the upper and lower panels of the pile fabric, the breaking the basic texture, the formation of stripes in the weft direction as a result of the change or variation in the pile yarn cutting condition, des Appearance of lint or fibers on the pile-covered surface and the step marking of the pile-covered surface as a result of the trial operation of the loom.

A fourth purpose of the present invention is economical Manufacture of a superior quality pile fabric free from the above disadvantages.

In order to achieve the above objects and purposes, the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies

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with respect to the loss of time in setting and adjusting the cutting knife and grindstone, as well as the loss Pile yarn, a departure from the usual established concept of setting grindstones on the double pile loom and the grinding of the cutting knife is carried out after each cutting operation (every time of picking).

The present invention is based in particular on the fact that a cutting knife edge is formed from a single crystal sapphire, the cutting knife being used on the double-pile loom, on a slide for sliding parallel on the rail is attached to the fabric seam and for a reciprocating movement in the transverse direction in the space between the upper and the lower Web of the fabric synchronous with the shooting (picking) is provided so that pile yarns, which the aforementioned Staple two lengths of fabric together, cut them to form nubs or the pile.

A double-pile loom according to the invention is characterized in that Firstly, no grindstone is provided for grinding the cutting knife edge for this purpose.

A second feature of the present invention is based on that a single crystal sapphire in the form of a sheet with a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 1 mm, in particular 0.3 to 0.6 mm, as a cutting knife is used, with part of the circumference thereof being arcuate and to an edge at an angle of is shaped to 31 °.

Other purposes and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description in conjunction with the drawings evident.

In the drawing shows

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a cutting device on a double-pile loom of the usual type;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a cutting device taken at the yarn cutting position;

3 is a partial sectional view of the cutting device taken at the point where the cutting knife edge is ground will;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a commonly used one Grindstone;

5 shows a perspective view of one with a cutting knife equipped slide according to a first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the cutting knife;

7 is a side view of the cutting knife;

8 shows a perspective illustration of one with a cutting knife equipped slide according to a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the slider taken along line X-X 'in FIG. 8.

According to the invention a cutting knife edge for cutting pile yarns is made from a single crystal sapphire, wherein a whetstone is not used to sharpen the knife edge.

The cutting knife can be in the form of a disc, in other words in the form of a single crystal sapphire disc with a cutting edge on their entire circumference. After binding, the cutting knife can be placed on a metal plate on the slide attached v / earth.

A single crystal sapphire is colorless and transparent and has the following characteristic properties, viz

2 a specific weight of 3.97, a hardness of 23oo kg / mm,

2 expressed in Vickers, a flexural strength of 7,000 kg / cm, a compression strength of 30,000 kg / cm, a Young's see

Module of 4,800,000 kg / cm, a specific heat of 0.18 cal / g C, this material being unique compared to other materials used in common cutting knives, with regard to mechanical strength, heat resistance, Corrosion resistance, resistance to chemical agents and resistance to wear and tear is.

Thus, the single crystal sapphire used in the cutting knife according to the invention has a remarkably high hardness, Flexural strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and the like, with an angle that is too small at the cutting knife edge is not suitable and at the same time an increased degree of angle is also not suitable because the cutting characteristics decreases although the strength of the edge is increased.

On the basis of experiments, with cutting knife made in the way that the angle of the knife edge was varied every two degrees within the range of 5 to 31 found that it is important to keep the edge angle within the range of 7 to 27 °, preferably 11 to 23 °, in order Maintaining a satisfactory cutting characteristic taking into account the breaking of the cutting knife edge and the evenness of the pile-covered surface.

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Tests on cutting knife edges, which were carried out to test materials hereof, showed that zirconium dioxide and alumina ceramics are unsuitable because the pile-covered surface was not smooth after finishing. 5

A thin cutting knife vibrates or swings while moving back and forth, causing an uneven pile covering Surface. A thick cutting knife, on the other hand, has difficulty in creating an edge this and the increase in the resistance of the pile yarns, which is exerted on this during its movement, not suitable.

A sheet-shaped cutting knife 0.4 mm thick was used as an experiment made of a single crystal sapphire with an edge angle of 19 ° for weaving moquettes with pile yarns made of polyamide, which have so far been the cause of unsatisfactory cutting were used, whereby it was confirmed that the cutting characteristic or the cutting behavior of the cutting knife se3.bst was retained to a large extent after weaving about 40 pieces (each 50 m long) of moquette.

Embodiments according to the invention are explained below.

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 show a cutting knife 24 used in the first embodiment according to the invention. The reference symbol 2o denotes a slide which is provided with a dovetail-shaped groove 21 on its rear side is and slidable (rotatably) on the rail for propulsion in the weft direction by turning the drum over the Rope is attached.

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The reference numeral 22 denotes a pressing plate which is fixed on the slide 2o by means of screws 23. The cutting knife 24 is clamped or clamped between the pressure plate 22 and the slide.
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The cutting knife 24 consists of a metal plate 25 and a single-crystal sapphire blade 26 26 is bonded to the front of the metal plate 25 by means of resin. The protruding end 28 of the cutting blade 26 has the shape of an arc and is with an edge at an angle of 17 ° in a symmetrical configuration between the top and bottom of the sheet.

For bonding the cutting blade 26 to the metal plate 25, a thermosetting resin such as epoxy resin or soldering silver, which is free from rubber-like elasticity is used.

The cutting knife 24 can be manufactured by not just placing a cutting blade 26 on a metal plate 25, as above written, bound or glued, but it can also be made by putting a cutting blade in a single Body including a part corresponding to the metal plate 25 forms.

8 and 9 show a cutting knife which, according to a second Embodiment according to the invention is used. The cutting knife 29 consists of a 0.4 mm thick disk a single crystal sapphire whose circumference 3o to a cutting edge 31 symmetrical in the cross-sectional direction at an angle of is shaped. The cutting knife 29 is equipped with an opening or a hole for a screw in the middle and on the slide 35 is fastened by means of a nut 34 via sealing washers 32 and 33.

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Numeral 36 denotes a flat head screw, which is screwed into the slide from the rear and inserted loosely through the hole of the cutting knife 29. Therefore the cutting knife edge 31 can be moved angularly to the left and right by the cutting knife 29 after Loosening the nut 34 is rotated.

When using the cutting knife 24 with the edge cut off on both of its shoulder parts, the edge on the front End is arcuate, v / ground the yarns at approximately the same points on the cutting edge during the reciprocating movement of the cutting knife cut, whereby the cutting knife edge 27 is partially worn and at these points their cutting characteristics or their cutting ability.

However, the cutting knife 29 is that in the second embodiment according to the invention, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, is used, round, i.e. it is a disc with a fixed Diameter. If the cutting knife blade has an edge angle as described above (7 to 25 °) therefore, even if the cutting ability of a part of the edge is reduced the cutting is done by gently turning the cutting knife with the nut 34 and screw loosened or open and by bringing another portion of the cutting knife edge into contact made possible with the pile yarn. In this way, a single piece of a cutting knife 29 without replacement and without Loops are used very often (dozen of times).

According to the invention, the following effects and effects are achieved:

(1) The cutting knife edge is very resistant to wear and tear and the cutting behavior or the cutting characteristics

is maintained for a long period of time. Consequently is a stop of the double-pile loom in order to sharpen or adjust the cutting knife and whetstones not required, thereby significantly improving the operating performance of the double-pile loom and automating it when weaving the pile fabric.

(2) No adjustment is required when attaching the cutting knife and the grindstone, so that a specialized experience and special skill is hardly required. The double-pile loom can even be operated in a manner similar to conventional looms, e.g. a single-guard loom.

(3) A deviation in the cutting knife position due to wear the cutting knife edge is avoided, i.e. the distance 1 between the cloth seam and the cutting knife edge, does not change, causing simultaneous cutting of two or more rows of weft-oriented Pile yarn, which may be possible immediately after replacing cutting knives, is prevented. In this way uneven thread cutting following the replacement of cutting blades can never occur.

(4) A pile length difference between the top and bottom panels of the fabric due to the roughness of the cutting knife edge or a deviation of the cutting knife edge backwards or upwards is prevented, so that it is not necessary allow an additional margin of the pile yarn length when weaving, taking into account poor cutting, and thus a loss of pile yarn is completely prevented, thereby saving material costs in the Production of the pile is made possible.

(5) The cutter knife slides smoothly and is free from upward and downward vibration during its movement. The amount of waste pile or knobs (tiny chips) is reduced to a minimum and brushing (Removal of small chippings) before shearing is simplified because small ones on the pile-covered surface Schnitzel hardly stick.

(6) Uneven or uneven yarn cutting is caused to a much lesser extent and the shearing is simplified to such an extent that only floating or floating yarns are cut and removed, reducing the shear rate and, the Performance in the final treatment stage can be increased.

In this way, according to the invention, the productivity in the V / flat of the pile fabric is remarkably increased. In particular, the shear loss, which has hitherto reached 39 % of the consumption of pile yarns, can be lowered in an unexpected manner. The present invention is therefore particularly advantageous in terms of cost savings in the manufacture of pile fabrics.

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Claims (8)

Claims 1. Double-pile loom including a cutting knife that is on a slide for sliding on a rail parallel to it the fabric seam and to reciprocate in the transverse direction in the space between the top and bottom panels of the fabric is fastened synchronously with the shooting (picking) in such a way that pile yarns which stitch the two lengths of the fabric together, be cut with the formation of knobs or a pile, characterized in that the cutting knife edge of the cutting knife is formed from a single crystal sapphire and that no grindstone for grinding said cutting knife edge is provided. EPO GOPY 2. Double-pile loom according to claim 1, characterized in that a single crystal sapphire in the form of a cutting knife Sheet with a thickness in the range from 0.1 to 1 mm, in particular 0.3 Ms 0.6 mm is used. " 3. Double-pile loom according to claim 2, characterized in that the blade-shaped cutting knife has a thickness of 0.4 mm. 4. Double-pile loom according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cutting knife edge is arcuate is formed and is beveled symmetrically on both the top and the bottom so that the two Inclined surfaces of the edge enclose an angle of 5 to 31 °. 5. Double-pile loom according to claim 4, characterized in that the enclosed by the inclined surfaces of the cutting knife edge Angle in the range from 7 to 27 °, preferably from 11 to 23 °. 6. Double-pile loom according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a cutting knife (24) is used which from a metal plate (25) and a single crystal sapphire sheet attached thereon (26) exists. 7. Double-pile loom according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a cutting knife (29) is used which consists of a disc of a single crystal sapphire, the circumference of which to a cutting edge (31) with symmetrical inclined surfaces, which enclose an angle of 5 to 31 ° is shaped. 8. ■ double-pile loom according to claim 7, characterized in that that the cutting knife (29) has an opening in the middle for a screw for fastening on the slide. EPO