DE3341932A1 - Spaceships, especially manned spaceships, and the assembly of space constructions in extraterrestrial space regions - Google Patents

Abstract

Published without abstract.

Description

The subject of the following inventions are spaceships, in particular

manned spaceships, as well as the construction of space structures.

The moon landing of the manned spaceship "Apollo 11" on July 16 1969 and the flights of the named space laboratory "Skylab" in 1973 and in 1974 the difficulties and dangers of a human advance in recognize interplanetary space. So the American space agency "NASA" their space plans, which they jointly with the European space agency "E5A" (Europeen Span Agency), regarding the construction of manned space shuttles having developed with space laboratories, give up. Also a flight of a manned one The spaceship to the Marx, which was planned for 1981-82, has been postponed.

One of the main difficulties is the heavy weight that such spaceships have require to the large forces especially when launching on the spaceship to act, to be able to absorb. This weight requires a fuel of 180 Kg for each additional kilo of material.

So the total sum of the weight of the Apollo spacecraft was 11 including fuel 12,904 t. This spaceship had to reach a speed in 153 seconds of 2.72 km / sec to travel at an altitude of 67 km. In addition 14 t of fuel were required per second.

To reduce the risk of loss of fuel by evaporation using liquid hydrogen, became petroleum (Kerosene) used as fuel for the first stage rocket.

This was done in a similar way for the braking missiles for landing.

This 'weight problem', which is of fundamental importance to space travel seemed insoluble.

The invention provides - as described later - a new way through which the problem is solved. The load-bearing part of the spaceship is made by one.

Formed tubular frame, its individual tubes and the associated connecting body are highly stressed. The tubes are made of metal alloys with very low Weight, high strength and, thanks to the tension given to them, extremely load-bearing capacity.

As a result, compared to the conventional design, the for inclusion due to the high forces previously required, the quantities of material required are greatly reduced. In addition, these materials continue to use material-saving constructions can be reduced considerably.

The frame of the spaceship consists of primary and secondary load-bearing linear and curved tubes easily united by common connecting bodies and can be detached again so that assembly can take place in space.

A further improvement in the ratio between required Total load (including fuel) and net load result from the reduction in the Fuel loss rate for volatile fuels, especially liquid hydrogen and oxygen by heating, above their critical temperature in the absence of sufficient Insulation.

In order to remedy these losses, the invention provides that the bodies, e.g.

Missiles that contain the propellants, with reflective, underneath Adherence to gaps between stretched foils in a circular shape with several layers are wrapped.

As soon as the liquid fuels introduced under high pressure (200 atm.) exceed a certain higher pressure due to heat absorption, valves open, by which small amounts of the fuel in the free spaces between emerge from the foils. Due to the extraordinary pressure reduction, these go into the gaseous state over. The heat of evaporation required for this is transferred to the insulation system with appropriate cooling and thus securing the liquid state of aggregation withdrawn from the fuel. The following description of an exemplary embodiment contains all further information on this.

Instead of the mentioned petroleum as a starting fuel, when wrapping the rocket part containing the liquid hydrogen at the start liquid hydrogen can be used.

Due to its increased driving force compared to petroleum, weight becomes saved. The same goes for the landing missiles. At the Apollo 11 moon shuttle was used as fuel for landing missiles Aerozin 50, a mixture of asymmetrical Dimethyl hydrazine and normal hydrazine are used. Served to deliver oxygen Nitrous oxide. Hydrogen can now take their place.

On the first landing (return), the spaceship had as the remaining Fuel only for 5Q sec. Supply. From all these facts follows the Realization that weight reduction is a crucial requirement for space flights I1 The inventions described below have: as a further goal, a permanent one Stationing of spaceships, be it in the "free" flight paths, be it on others Bodies (e.g. moon). That goal can be achieved with the following inventions and improvements can be achieved. This allows research of the utmost importance to be carried out will.

To the following descriptions of some exemplary embodiments and the associated schematic drawings, the following should be mentioned: The individual elements - Straight pipes, closure body - are according to the present invention under Addition of connecting bodies with extensions, especially to rectangular frames united, the individual tubes of which are tensioned rigidly by expanding means. The connecting bodies are designed so that they the arrangement in each direction enable further framework. In this way, if required, large scaffolds, in particular also three-dimensional, with very high flexural strength and load-bearing strength as a structural skeleton, to which only panels as walls, floors and ceilings have to be added on the construction site to be erected. The spaces formed by the frame tubes are suitable therefore to the arrangement of sound and heat highly insulating means. The invention also provides for tightening straps on the frame tubes that run parallel to each other, z. B. to be arranged from steel. These are over the perpendicular to the other Frame tubes can be pushed out of these tubes by means of expanding materials Appendages stretched for expediency. Wall panels can be attached to these bands outside and. be fastened inside.

The frame tubes can according to the invention on at least one outer surface one of the tubes can be provided with U-shaped legs, which are used as grooves, the adjacent Take up the tube (spring) of another frame. These U-legs can be multiple be angled and accommodate wall panels with transverse bends. The vertical the existing end bend is pushed into an edge slot in the wall panel one and keeps this. The narrow edges of the wall panels are preferably in two Levels formed, with the outward partial edges lower down protrude and thus hold the upstream plates. The wall panels can also be used with be firmly connected to the tensioning straps mentioned, for. B. by gluing. Also can the wall panels consist of two plate parts which between them, for. B. an insulating $ t'J to which they are firmly glued or otherwise connected.

As explained in relation to the drawing, these possibilities can be very advantageous be supplemented and developed. This means that buildings of all types can be of a very high quality in very short construction times, thanks to the very simple assembly option, very economical to be erected.

The invention also provides tubes with expanding means to bundles -to summarize, z. B. between two concentric main pipes. In this way, supports in particular can have any bending strength required, however high they may be and bearing capacity can be established. This can also be done by combining a variety of such tube bundles between parallel clamping plates. So many will The requirements of being able to dispose of such highly stable walls were met. Some exemplary embodiments and application examples are described below and in the drawing shown schematically.

Figure 1 shows in vertical section horizontal frame tubes lol, the with perpendicular. Frame tubes 102 by means of connecting pieces 104 to rectangular-shaped Tubular frames are united.

The connecting pieces 104 carry in particular in the horizontal and perpendicular direction extensions lo4a, which are preferably in the open pipe ends in a predetermined depth are inserted. Across the pipe ends and those in them Projections are bores with pins 106 provided through which in optional Depth the pipe ends are firmly connected to the extensions.

Expanding substances are introduced into the pipes via filling openings 108 1to; / received. The extensions 104 in the pipe ends close off the cavities in a pressure-tight and airtight manner. As a result, the tubes are tensioned by the expanding means. This tension can be exactly predetermined depending on the type of expanding substances and the amount that is entered by them into the cavities, as well as the pressure with which this takes place. The so tensioned by means of the connecting body 104 in all necessary directions frames, which by the combined arrangement of further connecting bodies a scaffolding unit, z. B. form a wall scaffolding or ceiling scaffolding of a certain size, can be formed by specific different choice of the size of the frame tubes as required. The smaller the diameter, the shorter the frame tubes lol, 102 and the thicker the tube walls, the higher the flexural strength and thus the load-bearing capacity. This means that they can be adapted to the highest requirements, in particular due to the tension of expanding materials.

Of course, the connecting bodies 104 can also be three-dimensional with extensions 104c, e.g. B. be equipped in the opposite direction. For this purpose, the core piece of the connecting body. kept in the required size be. Such connecting bodies can take any convenient shape, about the connection with the simple frame tubes to a three-dimensional overall framework to be carried out. In particular, the Processes lo4a in others as well Angles as a right angle for inclusion, e.g. B. of diagonal frame tubes to achieve increased bending and load-bearing capacity.

The connecting body 104 with extensions lo4a can also with others Connection bodies without extensions, but with corresponding holes for receiving the extensions of the connecting bodies to be united with them, if necessary get connected.

FIG. 1 also shows a possibility that can also be used advantageously. Around the frame tubes of a frame that are parallel to one another are strong elastic bands 111, 112, panels, plates or the like perpendicular and / or horizontally arranged, d / eyg diurch A> II? C. partial pushing out by means of expanding fabrics, eer extensions 104a, which are initially not yet attached to the tubes 101, 102 with steps or the like, are provided with predetermined tension. If this tension is reached, then the pins 106 are in this respective mutual position1 '? inserted by tube and extension lo4a.

On each tube 101 or 102, once from the outside on the frame and once from the inside such tensioning straps 111 or 112, in particular made of steel each with an appropriate width and, if necessary, laterally offset from one another in multiple arrangements, e.g. B. be provided by welding.

After attaching the extensions 1o4a to the tubes lol and 102 is again expanding material with appropriate pressure via the filling openings 108 to enter. Only now can the pipes lol and 1o2 be clamped as required will. The so tense Frame tubes result together with the tensioning straps, tensioning plates or the like a predeterminable high tension Building wall or ceiling or the like. When tensioning the straps 111, 112 or Plates should preferably start with the lowest frame tubes to tension the belt to maintain the tension of the ligaments located there. The assembly s-olcher Walls and ceilings can be carried out quickly and therefore economically.

FIG. 1 a shows a connecting body 115 in a vertical section extensions 116 and associated frame tubes formed twice on four sides 120 a and 120 b or l2la and 121 b with cross bores and pins or the like 122. Such additional extensions, which can be provided in any number, enable a corresponding increase by arranging additional tubes or frames the flexural strength and load-bearing capacity of the shoring (walls, ceilings). Also in Any number of extensions 117 can follow the third dimension (depth direction) If required, be arranged in both depth directions, including the core of the connecting body is to be kept correspondingly larger.

Figure g shows in vertical section a connecting body 130, the approximately star-shaped in different directions bears extensions 132 a and 132 b, which engage in tube ends of frame tubes 154a and 154b. In the tubes 154b are at a distance from the pipe end separator 138b stationary, e.g. B. by welding or by cross pins. There is thus a cavity in the tube 154b the extension 132b and this separating body 138b formed with expanding means 140 is filled via filling openings 141 which exert an expansion pressure against the extension 132b exercise.

It is thus also possible, among other things, to determine the depth of penetration of the extensions 132b to be regulated by pins 133b until it is locked.

The tension of the tube 154b can, however, from expanding means 142, which then goes over to the separating body 138 in the subsequent cavity Filling openings 143 are introduced. At the other end of the pipe (not drawn) is also a stationary body, z. B. corresponding 138b.

FIG. 7 also shows tubes 154a with inserted extensions 132a attached to piston rods 146 and piston 147. The piston rod 146 runs airtight through a bore in a stationary separating element 138a. Of the This is a cavity formed between the separating body 138a and the piston 147 stretched with expanding means 148 over filling opening 149. This will the piston 147 is pressed further in the direction of the inside of the tube and thereby pulls the the extension 132a attached to it correspondingly deeper into the tube 154a. This can take place at an optional depth or up to a stop 153 on the extension 132a is attached.

The end position of the extension 145 can be determined by pins 133a shown in FIG corresponding holes intervene as described above.

Here, too, at a distance from the piston 147 inwardly further separating body 153 may be provided in accordance with 138b, which has a clamping cavity limited with expanding materials 156 to tension the tube 154a.

Another variant shows tube 54c, in the end of which a movable one End piece 155 is inserted, the end of which in a recess 157 or the like able to press in any way in such a way that it is retained in it. in the otherwise, what has been set out in relation to pipe 154b applies.

Corresponding training can also take place in the depth direction.

This is indicated by a central extension 159.

FIG. 2a shows a tube 201 which is firmly closed on both sides. This tube can protrude on both sides through closure bodies 202a, 202b, so that it can be arranged as a frame tube for receiving extensions of a connecting body. The pipe shows a cavity on the left A 3 d ütp a filling opening 205 is filled with an expanding substance S206.

A piston 208 with a short piston rod follows the interior of the tube 209, which is guided and held by a stationary intermediate body 211 with a bore is. At a distance from the end of this piston rod is another piston 208a arranged, the piston rod 209a protrudes to both sides and with the piston rod 209 touches. Into the cavity between the piston 208a and the intermediate body 211 is via a filling opening 212a after the expansion of the expansion substance 206 in the cavity A is also filled with such a substance. This penetrates Passage bores 211z in the intermediate body 211 also in the front cavity part B between the piston 208 and the intermediate body 211 fills.

In the same way, the pipe 201 is equipped to its end.

Due to the expansion of the substance 206 in the cavity A, the piston 208 with the end of its piston rod 209 against the following displaceable piston rod 209 of the piston 208a pressed. The same happens with respect to all other movable ones Pistons 208b, 208c, 208d and piston rods 209b, 209c, 209d so that the expansion pressures in temporal succession of the filling, preferably only after the expansion of the expanding substance in the preceding cavity of all cavities A, B, C, D, E, F on the rigidly attached closing body 202b summarized fully carry over will. The tube 201 is tensioned accordingly.

The pressure in each subsequent cavity adds up to the ready through the foregoing cavities, pressures were exerted on the piston rods in contact onto the two closing bodies 202a and 202b that are pressed onto them. In the pipe 201 prevails the same pressure everywhere.

It is thus possible by adding up individual pressures in time Successive pressures in spatial succession of cavities up to the limit of material strength of the pipe 201. This is very important. This inner tube design is with each tube, z. B. also the frame tubes (Fig. 1 etc.) possible.

Fig. 2b shows in longitudinal section the same tube as Fig. 2a, but running from two sides to a central pressure space Z, the one to be compressed Substances 216 (preferably consisting of a gas, e.g. hydrogen) via a filling opening 217 with valve, is filled.

The compression can also be used for other purposes, e.g. to create a To put fluid under compressive stress and to evaluate it for technical purposes. The gaseous fillers can be put under the highest pressures in order to the limit of material elasticity to tension the pipes and thus their flexural strength and to increase the load-bearing capacity accordingly.

FIG. 2 c shows a similar exemplary embodiment of a pipe 221 with closing bodies 220 a, 220 b. However, the piston rods 229 a, 229 b, 229 c, 229 d of the spaced apart pistons 228 a, 228 b, 228 c, 228 d guided concentrically around the central piston rod 229 a as tubes. All ends of these piston tubes are a common pressure body 230, which against the closing body 220 b is pressed, firmly connected. Again, the individual movable chambers A, B. C, D, E between the pistons, preferably in time Successive only after the expansion of the previous chambers filled expanding agent is provided with these via filling openings 231. The expansion pressure adds up against both closing bodies from chamber to chamber.

As Figure 2c shows, the piston rods run through hermetically sealed Bores of the next piston to the other; End of tube 22-2b. the The bending strength of the tube 221 is due to the concentric arrangement of the piston tubes elevated.

FIG. 2d shows a section of a tube 170 with one arranged thereon arched tube 171. The ends of this tube 171 are articulated on movable tubular bodies 172 or 172 'arranged.

If these bodies are shifted towards one another, then becomes the tube 171 arched more strongly.

To achieve this, the tubular bodies 172, 172 'carry pistons 173a, 173a 'with piston rods 174, 174'. The piston rods are through a hole in a stationary intermediate tube body 175a, 175al out. You thereby limit the Cavities between the piston and the intermediate bodies.

In these cavities wesdeR practice .; <fr tX} filling openings 176, 176a expanding substances 177 / filled. These move the piston and the movable tubular body 172, 172 'with the curved tube 171 arranged thereon in the direction of the interior of the tube. The expanding substances arch the pipe 171. The pipe bodies 172, 1g2 'can additionally tension the pipe 171 by means of movable pipe bodies 180, 180' which are pressed against the pipe bodies 172 or ends of the pipe 171 under the expansion pressure of further expanding substances 181 . To form a cavity receiving the expanding substance 181, a rigid intermediate body 183 is additionally arranged to delimit the space.

The tube 171 can also expand with its curvature Fabrics are provided via filling opening 185 and additionally tensioned. It can in this way high tensions can be achieved, which at the same time also affect the pipe 170 is stretched. FIG. 2 e shows a further development in longitudinal section according to Figure 2 d.

A plurality of pistons 173a, 173b, 173c on one side and 173a '. 173b ', 173c 'on the other hand and stationary intermediate bodies 175a, 175b, 175c on the one hand and 175a ', 175b', 175c '175n on the other hand with through-holes / are of both Sides to form cavities A, B, C or A ', B', C 'on two to the middle U through piston rods 174 and 174 'attached. Are the cavities with expanding Substances, preferably starting with the cavities A, or

A 'and after their expansion the individual subsequent cavities, preferably filled in chronological order, then the expansion forces add up accordingly, so that very high tensile forces on the pipe ends of the curved pipe 171 come into effect.

FIG. 3 shows horizontal frame tubes 251a, 251 in vertical section b connected to vertical frame tubes 252 to form a frame. Then are up and at the bottom fractions of further frames 253, 254 and 255, 256 are indicated. On the Tube 251a is fastened in a U-shape to a bar 258, the vertical leg ends of which are formed horizontally on both sides with bends 258a. The U-shaped Rail 258 forms a groove with its legs, into which the horizontal from above Frame tube 253 of the tube frame following upwards is used as a spring.

The lower horizontal frame tube 251b is set in a corresponding manner Enter the U-shaped strip formation 259 on the one below Tube frame 255, 256 is applied to the horizontal tube 255. These too U-bar 259 carries lateral bends 259a with vertical bends 259b. These bends are used to laterally to the tubular frame plates 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, e.g. B. Layer-Haflen made of plastic and / metal Follen or / the like to arrange in a simple and very economical way. These are the plates with Slots 270 and 271 at their lower edges, in which the bends 258b and 259 b are inserted from above, so that the on the tubular frame adjacent plate part 261d or 264d with the lower edge on the horizontal Bending 258a or 259a comes to rest. The plates 262 and 265, respectively, are previously pivoted with their upper edge 262 a or 265 a under the horizontal angled portion 258 a. If the plates 261 or 264 following upwards are arranged in this way, then grip with a downwardly directed edge extension 261 b or 264 b into a corresponding one Recess 262a or 265c of the plates 262 and 265 already arranged at the bottom and thereby lock the upwardly projecting plate part 262a or 265a of the plates 262 and 265. In this way, from bottom to top, all panels are consecutive arranged. This results in a fixed arrangement of the plates that prevents any detachment on both sides of the tubular frame. Of course, the U-bars 258 can by corresponding Forming the frame tubes 251a can be formed from these during the tube forming. In order to no separate work steps are required.

Not only are the cavities between for sound and heat insulation the flaming tubes 251a, 251b, but Wt; c; i, ll.r.enplatten 264, 265, 266. These can consist of insulating sheets and insulating sheets.

liin 261i, 262i, etc. They can be used as layer panels or be designed as a Foli r; with insulating <wipe rooms.

So that the strips with their bends do not form sound bridges, these are on their inner and outer surfaces with suitable insulating strips pasted. The same can be said of the touching edges as well as the inner surfaces of the slot be provided with insulating layers.

The outer surfaces of the plates can also be covered with insulating panels 284 be. These panels can be applied offset so that they are preferably on two protrude at angles to each other (protrusions 284) and on the two stand back on other sides. This allows the protruding fixed panels that are in they prevent engaging adjacent plates from pivoting and loosening.

Fig. 3a shows a variant. The previous lower plate, e.g.

262, has full narrow edges with slits 275b. In these slots straight strips 258c are inserted from above, which are folded over at their upper end and are pushed onto the bends 258b with this folding. Will then the next upward plate 261 with slot 270 is inserted, so locks this every change in position of the attached bar 258c. This is the location of the lower Plate 262 secured.

Fig. 3b shows a further variant. The perpendicular bends 258b (Fig. 3a) are omitted. The horizontal bend 258a carries holes 279 through which pins 280 from above into the plate 265 arranged below, the corresponding Has holes 281a engage. So that the plates 264 and 265 are in their Location held. These pins protrude upward beyond the horizontal angled 258a addition into corresponding bores 281 of the upwardly following plate 264, whereby these plates are also fixed in their position.

The outer panels 261, 262, 263 and inner panels 264, 265, 266 are composite panels made up of a large number of e.g. glued together layers made of different materials, e.g. B. metal foils and plastic foils and the like. exist. Outwardly, these can serve as a protective jacket, in particular against "Solar wind" and cosmic radiation, and inwardly maintaining uprightness the warmth in the manned ship's rooms. More details on this will be given later described.

Fig. 4 shows in cross section a pipe li mii in a predetermined Spaced inner central tube 1z, with the space between is occupied by both tubes 3a of smaller diameter.

These serve as tension tubes and are with expanding means between welded-in sealing bodies and filling openings are formed at both ends. Between these clamping tubes 3a there are free spaces la, which are also expanding Funds can be filled. This includes the top and bottom of the pipe li closing panes 60, e.g. by welding, closed airtight and pressure-tight. The tube becomes through the tubes 3a and the expanding substances filled in between egg. Stretched lengthways and crossways. The ones welded onto these pipe ends End washers 60 stretch the pipe left.

To reduce the risk of tearing and bursting even at extremely high voltages of the pipe li can be around this pipe, especially in smaller longitudinal sections, Bands 1 or the like with z. B. angled edges 1w are placed like already described in the main application, by means of tie rods, e.g. Bo 30a, 30b pulley blocks 38P and drive elements 50 are pressed against the tube 1 i.

The bends 1w can follow one another in the longitudinal direction Bands 1 come in different directions to the arrangement. Accordingly are the tie rods are also provided for tensioning. The expanding means, be it in the tubes 3a, be it in the spaces la, are only after the application of the tensioned Coats, e.g. B. from the pipe ends and discs 60 to be filled. After fully drawn Tension of the jacket tapes 1 or the like becomes the edges 1w of the tapes with each other be welded so that the tension is permanently maintained. It can Depending on the requirements, a plurality of tensioned coats can be arranged one above the other.

The tube 1z can be used to the end plates 60 on top and bottom of the pipe left, as in older applications described to move in the direction of each other and thus pressurize with molecular To exercise forces.

For this purpose, pistons 62 with piston rods arranged in the tube 1z are suitable 64, as already described for FIGS. 3d and 3e. Instead of the one to be arched The end washers enter the pipe 171. They are attracted towards each other. This is shown in Fig. 4a. Dle Rogre 3a preferably carry movable closure body 66, which press against the end disks 60 under the expansion pressure. These tension by their welding to the tube 1i this and in the case of a fixed arrangement of the tube 1z on the cover disks also this one.

The figures described so far relating to clamping tubes and clamping bodies show cavities into which valve tubes open directly. It is beneficial these cavities with airtight, elastic, aging-resistant materials, e.g. B. To coat plastics so that they have the interior of the cavity like an inner one Cover and protect the envelope or inner tube.

FIG. 5 shows a simple embodiment that is resistant to bending by tension and a load-bearing pipe 161 with a gas-tight cavity 160.

For this purpose, closing body 162 a and 162 b are at certain intervals from Welded pipe end. In this so formed open end parts can pin or Like. Be inserted and fastened by other pipes or connecting elements.

The inner walls of the cavity 168 are gas-tight with aging-resistant Substances z. B. plastics 163 coated. In the cavity of the pipe is a non-aging one gastight elastic hose z. B. in the type of rubber hoses used in car tires are common with a valve tube 165 and valve 165 'introduced with seal 165 ". This arrangement takes place before the closing body 162 a or 162 b are attached.

Through the valve tube 165 is a gas - preferably in spaceships Hydrogen gas or methane - pumped in at a certain pressure. This internal pressure presses against the closure body 162 a and 162 b and stretches the tube 161 in certain Dimensions so that a certain flexural strength and load-bearing capacity is achieved.

If parts are to be inserted inside the cavity, so it is advantageous not to pass these parts through the hose, but e.g.

to arrange two hoses parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction and to provide each with a separate valve. This is shown in FIG. 6.

In the tube 161 'there are pistons, consisting of piston heads 166 a and welded on Piston rods 166 b arranged in multiple succession.

The upper part of the piston heads 166 a is funnel-shaped. On both sides of the piston rods are two air hoses 164 a and 164 b with associated Filling pipes 165 a and valve 165 a 'or 165 b with valve 165 b' are arranged. Above these are the expanding substances, e.g. B. hydrogen gas, with Filled in a predetermined pressure and thus a predetermined tension of the pipe 161 'achieved by the pressure against the pipe closure body 162 a' and 162 bl.

Instead of in the gaseous state, the substances such. B. hydrogen, are entered in a liquid state and generate pressure through their change of state.

FIG. 7 shows a clamping tube 301 with movable insert bodies 302 a and 302 b, between which a compression spring 303 is arranged. The moving ones Insert body 302 a and 302 b are expanded by means of z. B of compressed Hydrogen gas 304 a and 304 b, which is in expansion spaces 305 a and 305 b via valve tubes 306 a, 306 b, are entered, pressed inwards. The cavity 301 a can be a airtight inner wall coating have the spring inserted in a hose be. This embodiment is not shown in FIG. 7, nor is it all of them further subsequent figures. This to make the drawing as simple as possible keep.

Is with pressure of the expanding substances, z. B. hydrogen gas in the spaces 305 a, 305 b, filled, the compression spring 303 is compressed. It presses with the amplitude peaks 307 a, 307 b against the inner pipe wall. Through this prevents them from sagging inwards. Their carrying capacity is accordingly elevated. The expansive gas entered with pressure, e.g. B. hydrogen, pushes at the same time against closing body 308 a and 308 b tube 301, to which it is attached so that it is stretched.

This means an increase in flexural strength and load-bearing capacity.

Figure 8 shows a clamping tube 310 with movable clamping bodies 311 a, 311 b and between these two a curved tube 312 that can be tensioned by them.

The moving bodies are made of expansive substances, e.g. B. compressed Hydrogen gas 304 a, 304 b, pressed, including at the end of the tube 310 closure body 314 a, 314 b are firmly arranged. The tube as a whole is through the closure body tensioned and through the movable intermediate body 311 a, 311 b the tube 312 on both sides pressed on. The pipe 310 is pressed against the top of the pipe 312 in a load-bearing manner. Tube 312 can also be done with an expansive means, e.g. B. compressed hydrogen gas or Helium preferably after it has reached its end position due to the lateral pressure Has, still filled with expanding fabrics and its tension against the upper part of the tube 310 can be increased.

FIG. 8 also shows smaller ones at the two ends of the tube 310 Pipes 316, in which pin 317 (see. Fig. 1, 1 a, 2) inserted and z. B.

can be attached with pins.

FIG. 9 shows the same clamping tube 31.0, but with two curved ones Tubes 312 a and 312 b. This allows the internal tension to be increased. The firm ones Closing body 314 a, 314 b tension the tube 310 a in the longitudinal direction accordingly stronger.

Figure 10 shows a further variant. Two shorter curved tubes are arranged next to each other, between them is a rigid spacer 316, against which the ends of the two curved tubes of the movable bodies 311 a, 311 b, to be pressed. The tubes are more curved than the tubes of the figure 8 and 9. They can therefore absorb greater forces than those described above Executions.

FIG. 11 shows a clamping tube 320 with movable inner bodies 321 a and 321 b, between which an expansive substance 30l is entered. The intermediate body 321 a carries a tie rod 322 with its outwardly directed end at one also movable closing body 325 is fixedly arranged. In the same way carries the movable intermediate body 321 b a tube 323, which is attached to a movable Closing body 326 is attached. At the outer ends of this movable closure body 325 and 326 two arched tubes 327, 328 are arranged with tension. Will the Clamping material 304 entered via valve tube 329, the movable intermediate body 321 a and 321 b pressed outwards, however, via the pull rod 322 and the tube 323 the movable bodies 325 and 326 are drawn inwards. This will make the pipe bends 327 and 328 are more curved and exert a higher resilience. These elbows 327, 328 can therefore be loaded more inwardly at their vertices. So you can z. B. support other pipes that run transversely to them in a load-bearing manner. These curved tubes 327, 328, like all tubes, can also be provided with clamping means and have a higher load-bearing capacity.

FIG. 12 is a variant of FIG. 11. A pipe 321 divided into two parts a, 321 b with interface 321 c is outwards and inwards connected to one another by pipe sections 330, 331 and pins 332 so that the Pipe parts 321 a and 328 b can move in the gap between them. The movable closing body 325 and 326 are rigid with the pipe parts 321 a and 321 b, e.g. B. by welding, connected so that by the movement of the pipe parts 321 a and 321 b, the two closing bodies 325, 326 are pulled inwards and Tension tubes 327 and 328.

FIG. 13 shows a further variant of FIG. 11. On the right On the side, the movable closing body 325 is extended outwards and has triangular shapes Retaining rings 325 a for the two clamping tubes 327, 328.

These are inserted into the gap between the two rings 325 a and then attached. The tube 320 has slots 335 in which the triangular bodies 325 a can move to tension. The pipe 320 has an expansion space 305 d with an expansive substance 304 d. At the end of the expansion space there is a rigid one End piece 327. An expansive substance is entered into the expansion space, the the movable end piece 325 presses towards the inner part of the tube. So that will supports the expansion force of the expansion substance 304 e introduced inside. This inner expansion space is divided into two independent rooms 304 b and 304 e, so that the two movable closing bodies 325, 326, individually and differently can be actuated by tension materials.

The left side of the tube 320 is formed in the same way as the right Page, but not drawn due to lack of space.

Another variant is shown in FIG. 14. The actuation takes place here the movable intermediate body 325, 326, exclusively through the end of the pipe towards the subsequent expansion spaces with the expansion means 304 d and 304 e.

A variant of FIG. 13 is shown in FIG. 15. Here in the free spaces between the movable end members 326 and 325 and the inner movable ones Intermediate bodies 321 a and 321 b, compression springs 340 a and 340 b are arranged through which, as the right side of Figure 15 shows, over the rigid closure body 337 - such a one is also provided on the left - a high tension of the pipe 320 is achieved.

Figure 16 shows a combination of three connecting bodies A, B, C with clamping tubes 350. The connecting bodies consist of hexagonal tube pieces 355. Free pegs 351 a, 351 b are angular in these hexagonal pipe sections bent, each with a leg 351 b used.

With the other leg 351 a, they engage in a tube 350. the legs 351 b inserted into the tube 355 are triangularly profiled so that all six legs close to each other adjoining the cavity of the fill in the hexagonal pipe section 355 and support each other.

The legs 351 a are in the tubes 350 after their insertion held by cross pins 352. The transverse pins 352 can be removed again for dismantling will. The construction can be changed at any time.

If fewer than six clamping tubes 350 are arranged on the tube section 355 are to be, then instead of the leg 351 b straight filler pieces (triangular shape) insert, which are held in place by pins.

It is not necessary to have a specific one for each connection body To arrange number of clamping tubes 350, rather this depends on the respective constructive designs. On the clamping tubes 350 can at required intervals to the adjacent clamping tubes and to the connecting bodies receiving body (s. Fig. 19). be attached, through which z. B. across the clamping tubes 350 as the main support tubes, further clamping tubes can be arranged as secondary support tubes. So be Free areas between the primary main clamping pipes 350 through the secondary ones Tension tubes bridged. FIG. 19 shows a receiving body 381 with a secondary carrier 382, fastened by screws 383 on a primary support 380. The tensioning tubes can for round buildings, domes, tunnels or the like.

be arched.

The connecting bodies serve, inter alia. the connections of the pipes 350 among themselves. They can also be arranged on support tubes which they e.g.

embrace from the outside. Several connecting bodies can be attached to such a support tube 355 can be attached at different heights. This allows scaffolding frames to be formed with the horizontal and vertical support tubes supporting each other. An entire pipe network can be formed, with instead of right-angled peg legs 351 a, 351 b tenons with any other thigh uncle in the hexagonal connecting body 355 are used. There are all possibilities, the respective structural Purposes in the simplest and fastest assembling manner correspond to. Modifications, dismantling or expansion can also take place on the legs 351 a are tension ropes 353, z. B. made of Teflon, which as shown in Figure 17, operated by movable intermediate bodies 360 and expanding means 304. For this purpose, expansion spaces with inserted hoses 357 (see FIG. 16) can be inflated provided via valve tubes 357 a.

FIG. 17 - a variant of FIG. 116 - shows a connecting body, consisting of two hexagonal tubes 355 and 355 ". The distance between these two tubes to the fastening legs 357 b '(see FIG. 17 a) the are of approximately trapezoidal shape to be arranged in a mutually supportive manner.

This formation of the VerlfindtJngskörpers has the advantage that with the arrangement of support tubes 370 these pushed through the interior of the pipe section 355 ' can be. Any number of such connecting bodies can also be connected to such Pipes 370 are placed. Likewise, it is not necessary that after all Directions clamping tubes 350 'are arranged. The remaining trapezoidal spaces can, as already described for FIG. 16, be filled with fillers. The angled pin elements 351 a can also be attached from the outside by means of transverse pins 352 'to be attached to the pipe 350'.

FIG. 17 a shows a top view of the pin 351 a 'with an angled, between the two hexagonal tubes 355 'and 355 (1 insertable leg 351 a', 351 bl.

Figure 18 shows a slightly different design and attachment of the between the two hexagonal tubes 355 a, 355 b to be inserted legs 351 c '(Fig 18 a}. These have a round shape in contrast to the legs according to the figures 16 and 17 which are triangular and trapezoidal in shape, respectively. The two pieces of pipe can carry two discs to the top and bottom (not shown) (cf. Figures 26 and 27) in which holes according to the size and shape of the to be inserted Pin legs 351 cX are included. These journal legs are then supported against the two tubes 355 a and 355 b from and have through the upper and lower, with the hexagonal tubes rigidly connected washers specific Position to each other It is necessary in this case, if only a part of the clamping tubes for Arrangement is brought, no filler pieces. Receiving bodies can be placed between the hexagonal tubes 351 d be welded to receive the legs 351 c '. In this case you can the two perforated upper and lower cover plates (not shown) are omitted. Inside the support tube 370 ', a pull rod 370 b can be stretched by expanding Substances (cf. also clamping tube 350 "with rope 353 and movable bodies 354 b) for Actuation of other associated pipes and connecting bodies may be provided.

FIG. 18 a shows a T-shaped journal piece, one leg of which 351 e is inserted into a clamping tube 350 ", while the other leg 351 c and 351 c 'protrude upwards or downwards and there clamping tubes for further connections be able to record. The pins can be rotatably arranged.

FIG. 19 shows a further variant of FIG. 16. The connecting body consists of a hexagonal pipe section 355 R, on which clamping tubes 380, z. B. attached by welding. These clamping tubes are in a holder 375 (see also Figure 119 a vertical section), which on a supporting disk 375 a with stiffening Edge folds is attached, arranged. The disk 375 a can be useful in Way to be stiffened inside.

The pull ropes 353 R (or pull rods 353 R) are gas-tight through the Connection body 355 R passed through centrally and at the common point of intersection centrally welded to each other with the pull rods of the other clamping tubes. the expanding means 304 span the immovable inner body 354 R, e.g. B. Clamping tubes 380 against the connecting body 355 R.

Inside the support tube 370, expanding substances such. B. gases be filled in and thereby tension the column so that it is rigid and load-bearing.

The receiving body 381 shown in Figure 19 for receiving secondary covered support tubes 382 is described elsewhere. Such bodies can also in other forms in any number and in any form on primary load-bearing Main pipes be arranged.

FIG. 20 shows an exemplary embodiment; at which angled Pins 351 s, 351 t are inserted tightly on the inner surfaces of a pipe section 355 s are and in the middle of this tube z. B. a T-shaped elbow 355 u (cf. FIG. 18 a) the adjacent legs 351 d are arranged so that they are pressed firmly. The thigh can be rotatably movable about their thigh axis and thus meet special requirements correspond to the direction of the clamping tubes 350 s. Unless it is necessary, can also be achieved by pinning or the like. A rigid layer as in FIG. 20 by means of pin holes 352 s implies to be accomplished.

This connecting body 355 s can also be connected to a support tube which includes the connecting body 355 s from the outside.

FIG. 21 shows a vertical pipe 355 w with welded on at the side Pipe sections 355 w '; Straight pegs 351 w (in the picture in horizontal Direction) inserted and fastened with pins 352 w.

In the vertical tube 355 w are for vertical arrangement of clamping tubes or other elements an upper and a lower pin centrally with a horizontal one Continuous pin 351 w "welded in and pinned with tubular sticks. All Pins are centrally welded to one another with tensile strength. At the front ends of the tenons Are pull ropes, tie rods or the like. Attached by expanding means as described in the previous examples. The clamping tubes are thereby very firmly united with the connecting bodies. The clamping tubes can stretched by further expanding means (not shown) on rigid train be.

Figure 22 shows a connecting body consisting of a two-part Tube 755 and 755 ', on each of which a strong ring disc 758 and 758' with holes is arranged for inserting the perpendicular pegs 757 and 757 '. The hole area is reinforced by welded-on round washers 758 x. The assembly takes place in such a way that only the lower washer 758 'with its pipe section 755' on the Tube 751 'is arranged in the intended position. Then the two will T-pieces with the lower legs pushed into the holes in the ring disk 758 '. Then the upper pipe section 755 with the ring washer welded to it 758 x pushed onto the upper pipe 751. So that are the T-shaped ones Cones fixed, but rotatable about its axis, connected to the tubes 751 and 751 '. By Pins, bolts or deryl. 352 are the tubes with a central 'spindle piece 759 united. Through this spindle piece 759 is a rope 753 through holes led above. After it is through a rigidly welded piece 354 x and an expansion space is pulled through, it is attached to a movable body 360 x. By the expansion of the cloth 304 is pressed the movable body 360 times upward and exerts a tensile stress on the lower end of the spindle piece with the rope 753 759 off. Clamping tubes can be pushed onto the vertical and horizontal peg parts 757 and attached.

FIG. 23 shows a further example in longitudinal section. On a support tube 951 is a lower washer 955 with a U-shaped angled upwards Edge parts welded together with pipe parts 950 a and 950 b. From above will then in the cover-like upwardly open annular disk 955 with a pipe section 956 individual reinforcement tubes 957 to the upper and lower holes that the Pick up and enclose pin legs 958 b and 958 d. Then the Tube 951 an upper annular disk 955 'with downwardly directed bevels is inserted. In the holes of the upper and lower disc 955 or 955 'or 355 Z 2' are the legs 958 958 'pushed in from above. The horizontal tenon leg 958 a and 958 c are then attached to the clamping tubes 950 c and 950 d by means of Pins 9521 connected. In the lower receiving tubes 950 a and 950 b are of adjacent clamping tubes from their ends protruding pins 958 e and 958 f inserted. The tips of the legs in the lower part can then be welded to one another that the pins together each form a U-shaped body that of the listed Pipes is held. These pipes 950 a and 950 b can also be connected to the socket pipe 951 can be rigidly connected by welding. The support tube carries at least in the area of the connecting body has a massive cylindrical insert 951 ', which has a longitudinal bore can be provided in order to be able to pass through entered expanding substances.

The upper and lower horizontal tenon legs and clamping tubes run parallel to each other and can have between them scissor blades that expand with Funds are eager to record. This will make the load capacity extraordinarily increased The upper and lower washers 955 'and 955 are through horizontal cross bars 952 'connected to the vertical tubes and journal legs.

FIG. 24 shows in section one consisting of two parts 401, 401 ' Connecting body. Each part is a cylindrical body on all sides except for the holes in the upper one required for the passage of the pin legs 402, 402 ' and lower part of the body is closed.

The two tenons are T-shaped. The vertical tenon legs can be extended.

First, the lower body 401 'is connected to the tube 403 by cross pins 404 connected. In a corresponding manner, the upper connecting body 401 is through Cross bars 404 connected to tube 403. Depending on how many clamping tubes are arranged are to be, the holes are provided in the four horizontal parts of the body, E.g. eight such holes for every eight clamping tubes. As for another embodiment game mentioned, the pegs and thus the clamping tubes into which they are inserted at any other angle deviating from the right angle up or down be inclined. The T-shaped pins can be exchanged accordingly, so that accordingly shaped pins are used in all directions can.

FIG. 25 shows a connecting body made preferably of non-metallic material Material, e.g. plastic, plastic. The body consists of an upper and a lower vertical pipe section 501, 501 ', which are connected to intermediate pipe sections 502 or 502 'are welded on. Between these two latter pipe pieces 502, 502 ' a square pipe 503 is welded in between, on which further pipe pieces 505, 505 'are attached. On the side of the two pipe sections 501, 501 'are receiving pipes 506, 506 'welded on. The connecting body thus consists of individual pipe pieces, which are welded together. The non-metallic ones used instead of clamping tubes Beams made of wood, for example, are provided with holes 509 at their ends. Reach into this e.g. the pins SQ7, 507 'made of plastic material, which are attached to the square tube 503 are welded on.

The connection of the pipe parts 506, 5Q6 'with the beams 510, 510' and the peg 507, 507 ', 501, 501' takes place via cross bars 511.

Ropes 553, for example made of Teflon, are arranged on the plastic pegs 507, 507i for tensioning the load-bearing frame parts against the connecting body.

For this purpose, expanding substances in appropriate cavities z. B. the wooden beam and movable closing body z. B. made of plastic in this intermediate. The wooden beam can be designed in several parts and the cavity z. B. made of plastic be intermediate.

FIG. 26 shows a plan view of a cross-sectioned connecting body. The figure shows a lower annular disk 515 with eight holes 516 for insertion of eight tenons between two octagonal tubes 517 and 518. The upper disc cannot be seen because it is a cross-section. This upper disk is removable from the octagonal tubes 517, 518, also T-shaped or somehow to be able to accommodate or exchange differently designed angled tenons. Figure 26 shows three inserted pegs 520 'leaving the unneeded perforations. The inner octagonal tube 518 encloses a round tube 521 (support) in which a massive5 cylindrical filler piece 522 possibly with a longitudinal bore for the passage of Tension materials is introduced.

Instead of the octagonal pipe sections 517, 518, round pipe sections can also be used be provided.

This is shown in FIG. 27. The upper ring disk 525 has eight perforations 516, in which the pin legs can be inserted as required. The lower ring disk 525 '(covered) is designed in the same way. Between both is a strong piece of pipe (dashed lines) 526, at least with the lower disk is rigidly connected, e.g.

is welded, arranged. In the central opening of the ring discs a support tube 528 is inserted, which is connected to the connecting body 525, 525 ', 526 is connected. This supports the pegs 520 'towards the inside.

The outer shell of the following embodiment / consists of a plurality of clamping plates' whose edge parts for receiving clamping tubes preferably are folded several times at right angles and with adjacent wall panels can be connected by folding. These high tension wall panels are can be connected to one another in particular by means of tensioning elements with the highest strength.

Figure 2 shows in vertical section four savings plates 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, with vertical edges ïr, 2r, 3r, 4r, which lie to each other in such a way that they each other and the corners formed by them touch in unison and a common one Panel level to the outside. This forms with other clamping plates arranged in the same way a wall of the total size to be determined as required, its individual wall panels (Clamping plates) and their folds of clamping means, in particular clamping tubes 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, are stretched in the horizontal and vertical direction. To do this, own the clamping tubes at the ends rigidly or displaceably arranged closing bodies, K1, K2, K3, K4, with longitudinal bores B1 "B2, B3. B4, through which piston rods S1, S3, S5, 56 are inserted through. These are at one end with the closure body rigidly connected and at the other end under stress expanders (e.g. H2 or solution of a space Z2, Z4, to accommodate 1 panntr.; ttelnQ / with a not with piston head 02, 04 connected to the tube. The clamping devices press evenly on all sides. Because the piston heads by their arrangement on the piston rods S1, S3, are immovable, the swelling pressure acts on the end pieces K2, K4, is based on the fact that these bodies attached to the tubes 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d are the associated pipe moved towards each other in the direction of the opposite pipe, e.g. 40b against 40a, 40d against 40c. The edges between Sr and 6r or 7r and 8r are also pressed against one another by the tubes. So are at the same time the clamping plates la, 2a, 3a, 4a, by means of the clamping rods S1, S3, in horizontal Direction firmly connected. The same also applies to the perpendicular to the perpendicular Edges 5r, 6r, 7r, Br, arranged clamping tubes 40e, 40f, 40g, 40h.

This alone would not allow the plates to be tensioned. Rather, it also requires the pressing of the right-angled folds present parallel to the folded edge parts 5r, 6r, 7r, 8r, which are perpendicular to the plate surface (not shown in FIG. 28). In order to make this possible, at the other end of the clamping tubes partially extendable closing bodies are arranged. These bodies are partially pushed out by means of clamping devices that are inserted in a cavity in front of them. This is shown by the tensioning tubes 40e, 40f, 40g, 40h shown in the vertical direction in FIG. The piston rods S5, S6 or, in the case of the lower version 57, S8, are guided through these closing bodies through corresponding bores B5, B6, B7, B8. The upper piston rods carry piston heads 05, 06 at the end (towards the inside). These delimit the intermediate cavities Z5, Z6 at the bottom, so that the pistons exert the pressure exerted against them by the clamping means Q via the piston rods onto the adjacent clamping tubes following in the same longitudinal direction that are attached to rigidly welded final bodies (not shown) are identical to the rigid closing body K7 or K8 shown in the lower part of FIG. The pistons 05, 06 cannot therefore exercise any movement, but can press the opposing clamping tubes above the clamping tubes 40e, 40f against them with the force of the clamping means Q in the cavities Z5, Z6, through their rods. The corresponding folds of the adjacent shells are pressed between them. In this connection of adjacent clamping tubes or clamping plates with one another, at least one displaceable closure body is required, in the present case K5, K6. As FIG. 28 shows, the closing bodies K7, K8, to which the ends of the piston rods are attached, can also be movable. In the latter case, this is necessary because the closing bodies K7 ', K8' located at the upper end of the tubes 40g, 40h are rigidly attached and therefore the pressure in the cavities Z7, Z8 is merely a displacement, ie pressing against one another Tubes 40e against 40g resp.

40f against 40h, cause. On the other hand, it is necessary to tension the plate the pressure of both ends of the tubes against the folds of the plate. But that is only possible if at least one of the closing bodies can be pushed out.

The space between the piston heads inwards to the rigid ones End bodies are used to stretch the pipes longitudinally. There are also rigid spacers WI, W3 or W5, WS ', W6, W6', W7, W7 ', W8, W8'.

These limit the cavities Ll, L3, L5, L6, L7, L8. Because of the pressure the expanding Wpttnn ': horses 2 ears, which enclose these cavities, accordingly stretched by the force of the clamping device. This increases the flexural strength of the pipes elevated. This can be increased to the limit of the tensile strength, In addition, there is also the high stiffening of the also up to the breaking point possible tension of the plate surfaces. In addition, this high Voltage no vibrations from outside (environment) can be absorbed that cannot correspond to the frequencies of the plate voltage lying outside the audible range .

In addition to the clamping tubes arranged with pressure on the vertical and horizontal folds, intermediate tubes can be arranged perpendicular to the points of contact as clamping tubes, for example of the same type as those described above, at any tube location. This means that the pressure that the clamping tubes described only exert on the edge folds that run perpendicular to their ends is now transferred to the entire surface of the folds on which the clamping tubes, e.g. square tubes, rest over their entire length, from the additional transverse clamping tubes. Such intermediate clamping tubes 40z ,, with a rigid end piece K40 and a movable end piece K40 'as well as a clamping means cavity Zq are shown in FIG. 29 Rods S40, which are attached with their earths to the edges or the rigid intermediate pieces W40 sinai through the movable end piece K40 ' (> ° b) the clamping tubes lying against the folds are pressed against the folds and thus the clamping plate is tensioned accordingly.

Figure 29 shows another embodiment relating to tension of clamping plates by clamping tubes in connection with extendable, specially designed Closing bodies.

29 shows various possibilities for this. The clamping plate ta with its folds 5r and 1r is combined with the clamping plates 2a, 3a, 4a, and their edging to a wall part, which is secured by e.g. tie rods with a permanent Tension is firmly united.

Fig. 29 shows a horizontal clamping tube on the horizontal edge ir 40k and on the vertical edge 5r a vertical clamping tube 401, the open one Have ends in which a triangular corner body El with its legs ex enden Es and Es' intervene and the space Z10, inch, i formed in this way means is filled in, the ends of the legs Es and Es' a horizontal or vertical Apply pressure through which the triangular body El with its tip into the of the Edges 5r and ir formed corner is pressed.

The pressing takes place in the same way with respect to all four Corners of the clamping plate la, which are to be done in the same way with the descriptive rl Eledmenten, expanding in particular El, is equipped. This corner body El is also used by the / clamping devices in the horizontal and vertical direction against the Pressed pipe walls, which in turn exert this pressure on the length of the folds, to whom they are concerned.

This pressure is therefore applied in the same way around all folds circumferentially and thus spans the entire surface of the clamping plate la in the same way.

29 shows a similar type compared to the triangular body E1 Triangular body E2, for which the same as for El and the associated clamping tubes 40k and 401 apply. The tensioning effects of the tensioning element are also corresponding 4a the same. The two triangular bodies El and E2 are through a tie rod S10 connected. This tension rod ends on the plate 4a at the free end of a tension tube piece 40s. This end is closed by a rigidly connected to the tube 40s Closing body K10. The other end is pressed against the hypotenuse of triangle E2 and has a movable closure body K10 '. Between the two closing bodies is a space Z12, which is filled with a clamping device that the movable Closing body K10 'presses against the corner piece E2 with the force of the clamping means and in this case the pipe section 405 is displaced outwards by a corresponding distance. As a result, the rod S10 is stretched high and in turn presses the two triangular bodies El and E2 in a diagonal direction with their tips facing each other. Likewise be the horizontal and vertical legs Es and Es' of both corner pieces against the edges of the clamping plate pressed. This creates a high level of tension for everyone in clamping plates formed in this way also in the mutual pressure ratio Of course, the clamping plates 2a and 3a can be identical to the previously described Spnnplatten la, and 4a be formed.

As already described for FIG. 28, the adjacent clamping tubes, intermediate clamping tubes 40z directed vertically against them (FIG. 2g ) can be arranged in any number as required.

Such intermediate clamping tubes can also be arranged perpendicular to them Intermediate clamping tubes 40z ', e.g. by means of clamping rods S40 and S40', can be connected. The pressure is exerted via movable closing bodies K40b. Through these intermediate clamping tubes a further safeguarding of the voltage is guaranteed and can if necessary up to the breaking point.

Fig. 29 shows a further embodiment of the plates 2a and 3a. The vertical and horizontal clamping tubes 40m and 40n are in the already described Kind of arranged along the edges 6r and 2r and wear completed at an angle of 450 Bevels on the movable closure means K20 and K20 '. Between these and rigidly arranged at a distance from this Intermediate bodies W10 and W10 ', the clamping means are introduced and pressed into a cavity Lio and LlO' each the movable closure means K20 and K20 'with their sloping edges against one another.

At the other end these tubes are whole and 40n in the same way educated. Under the pressure of the clamping device, these tubes tend to move more and more to press against the folds 6r and 2r. This is what happens all around the clamping plate 2a.

Fig. 29 shows that these tensioning tubes are 40m, 40n, by tie rods it is clamped with intermediate clamping tubes, be it with tubes from adjacent clamping plates can be.

Even after this solution, very high and uniform values result Clamping options, not only for the individual clamping plate, but also for yours Connection with neighboring clamping plates.

Fig shows another possibility. Between the clamping tubes described 40m, 40n, a tensioning tube 40p can be arranged diagonally so that there are eir at both ends movable, the corner shape of the clamping plate 2a matched by appropriate bevels Closing body K30 carries. These ends are assigned by clamping means that are in Cavities LsSiFtnbSftendlci opposite corner parts of the clamping plate 2a pressed.

29 shows a piston head as the upper delimitation of the cavity L30 030, S30 whose piston rod / grips diagonally through the edging corner for Clamping plate 3a, which is formed in the same way as 2a.

The tension rod 530 pulls under the pressure of the tensioning means in the cavity L30 over the piston head 030 the pipe 40pg against the edge corner of the plate 3a and thus increases the pressure of the clamping means in the cavity L30 'against the movable one Closing body K30 ', which in turn presses against the closing body 1 (30). Such diagonal clamping tubes can be arranged in all four clamping plates and be connected to further diagonal tensioning tubes running perpendicular to them. As a result, all four panel corners are pressed on and through in the same way the oblique contact of the movable closing bodies K20 and K20 'also the horizontal ones and vertical edges of the plate are placed under increased tension. This too The example has special advantages .. The diagonally crossing clamping tubes support the outer surfaces of the clamping plates against inward pressure to a large extent away.

The clamping plates described can be granted as a result of them extremely high tensions also take on significant weights and thus load-bearing Form walls of buildings. Load-bearing ceilings and floors can also be very beneficial to be created.

Fig.32 is a vertical section and shows a support R5, the corresponding the supports described with FIGS. 30 and 31 is formed.

This support is interrupted by a horizontal tensioning tube R6, To connect this clamping tube to the support, a piston is made up of the Piston head 060 and a piston tube (instead of a piston rod) S60 between the 30 interposed piston in such a way that the piston tube S60 the piston rod S51 'receives and leads to a piston head 061, with this verbur the. The intermediate order the piston head 060 with piston tube S60 does not disturb the arrangement in any way the remaining pistons with piston rods.

On the contrary, it allows a very firm connection with the horizontal Tube R6.

The piston head 061 is pressed against a cavity Z61 by the clamping pressure Pressed an intermediate piece used as a K60 closing body. In the same way can also at the upper end an additional such, the pressure of the piston rod - like shown in Fig. 30 - be welded receiving intermediate piece K60 and so the tube between these rigid parts through the spaces in the individual pistons The clamping devices filled in one after the other can be clamped as described for Fig. 30.

Fig.32 shows a horizontal pipe-beam R7, which is carried by a piston 070 with piston rod S71, which is supported by a solid intermediate body of the tube R7 is guided and attached to this pipe.

The clamping device in the cavity Z71 pushes the piston 070 downwards and thus presses the tube R7 onto the upper end of the tube via the piston rod S71 R5.

This pressure is passed on via the following ones below Piston rods, which also include rod S51 ', which in turn have a piston head 061 is pressed against the welded-in intermediate piece K60.

This takes place through the rigid attachment of the upper closure body K61. Due to the pressure of the clamping device in the cavity Z71 in cooperation with the subsequent the following clamping devices and the pressing of the lower piston head 061 against the welded intermediate piece K60 a corresponding tension of the pipe R5 between the upper and lower intermediate bodies firmly connected to the pipe. That changes nothing is affected by the interposition of the welded-in end piece K62, because - as already described - the tensioning rod S51 'is not only provided by this intermediate piece but also through the piston tube S60.

There is also a space between the body K62 and the piston head 060 Z72 with inserted clamping device that presses against the head 060 and over the Pipe rod S60 a movable closing body K 80 against the clamping tube R6 of presses down.

The tube R6 shows on the left side a piston head 080 with a Piston rod 580, which protrudes through a massive intermediate piece K81 and through the longitudinal bore of a pin 90 in another associated in the same longitudinal direction Clamping tube R8 protrudes and is attached to the end of the welded-in pin. In order to it is possible to connect the two pipes R 6 and R8 firmly to one another. The piston head 080 is pressed to the left by the clamping device and thereby the R8 tube over the Pin 90 connected to the pipe R6.

32 shows a strut R9 in the upper part. This is a clamping tube, which is firmly closed at the upper end and a movable one at the lower end End body K90 has a bevel at the front. By clamping means in the cavity L91 the movable closing body K90 is pressed against the support R5.

To prevent it from slipping down, there are R5 rings around the tube 92 with upper, - inwardly directed bevels, welded on. The same also applies to the upper end of the tube Pol9, against which rings 92 'are arranged. Such struts can be arranged around the support R5 in any desired manner, corresponding to the requirements Number be arranged and thus the horizontal bar (clamping tube) R7 a special give strong support, by which the l-de icing is prevented.

Fig. 30 shows a support that is firmly closed at the top and bottom. The piston rod S50, with piston head 050, rests in a recess on the lower end. On this piston head, another piston rod S51 with piston head 051 etc. rests loosely up to the upper end of the support. me Z50, Z51 etc. are used to accommodate / ~ Spannmitt & lt? However, this happens in stages only in the subsequent clamping space when the clamping of the previous fillings in other clamping spaces has already ended.

Since these tensions are irreversible, i.e. the volume that these Have reached the clamping device through the expansion, can no longer be reduced, is through every further clamping space as soon as the clamping device expands in it, the pressure increases by this further increase in volume. It can therefore go from level to level an increase in pressure take place because the pistons only loosely follow one another are arranged, affects only the rigidly attached upper closure body K50 '. Accordingly, the pipe R is stretched to its full height and is high as a support resistant to bending and therefore highly stable.

The depressions can advantageously be designed in such a way that that the piston head with its surface facing the next piston rod is funnel-shaped. In this way, all loosely following one another are centered Pistons rod on a central pressure line that can absorb high forces. It is advantageous to put the individual pistons with their piston rods in the clamping tube R before the first clamping device is filled into the pipe with mechanical pressure to use.

Fig. 31 is a further development according to Fig. 3 This variant sees before welding in intermediate body W50 above the individual piston heads, so that the cavity between the piston heads is divided into two parts, one of which only one part is provided with clamping devices. This allows these clamping devices mutually with adjacently arranged clamping means, as shown in FIG Case is, do not bother. Nevertheless, the full clamping pressure is applied via the piston rods, as described for FIG. 30, independently of the tube R on the rigid closure body Transfer K50 and K50 'and thus tension the pipe R. Fig. 31 shows in the lower part the arrangement of the pipe end in a floor or foundation F with floor plate Fp. The piston rod is in a suitable manner after passing through a longitudinal bore attached to the foundation in the rigid end body K50.

The closing body becomes due to the pressure of the anchoring agent in the clamping space Z50 K 50 with the tube R pressed down and thus the support R with tension in the held their given perpendicular position. Of course, above the rigid Closing piece K5o to the ceiling D with extension of the pipe R and formation be arranged by interstices a movable closure means with which the Ceiling D is pressed and so that the pipe R can perform its load-bearing function.

FIG. 30 a corresponds to FIG. 30. - In addition to this, it indicates the piston rod S 51lS 55 in fragile sleeves (a - d) on this e.g. through central recesses lined up in these, especially after damage to the sheaths substances that react chemically with one another, e.g. substances that develop gases, which by their Expansion additively increases the tension of the pipe.

FIG. 31 a corresponds to FIG. 31 with the same additions to the figure 30 a shows.

The clamping tubes must be entered depending on the pressure of them should have appropriate wall thicknesses.

It is known for high pressure piping on heavy press equipment, large and sealed steel pipes and pipe components in seamless Execution to manufacture (Mannesmann Röhrenwerke Düsseldorf). These pipes can be a Inside diameter up to 1,140 mm and wall thicknesses from 20 mm to 270 mm and lengths up to 9.5 m. They have weights of up to 26 tons. This includes transportation to extraterrestrial spaceship stations absolutely.

According to the invention, this problem is shown as in Figure 30b, solved.

In tube 1 there is a tension material, e.g. hydrogen with a Pressure of e.g. 200 atmospheres. The wall thickness of the pipe R 1 is only for a pressure of 50 atmospheres is sufficient. To create a counter pressure on the outer surface To be able to exercise the pipe R 1, a second pipe R 2 with a small distance arranged concentrically around the first tube R 1.

This second pipe can also only have a pressure of up to 50 atmospheres take up, therefore, if a gas with a pressure of 150 Atü is put into the cavity H 2, the pipe 1 is thus supported; however, the pipe R 2 lacks supporting forces by loo Atü. Accordingly, a third pipe, for example also able to support only 50 Atü, at a small distance concentrically from pipe 1 or tube 2 and a pressure of 100 atmospheres in the cavity H 3 entered. There are then still 50 atmospheres to support the pipe 3, the excess pressure necessary. For this purpose, a fourth pipe R 4 is placed concentrically at a small distance knocked down. In the cavity H 4 thus formed, a pressure of 50 atmospheres is entered, with which the required remaining pressure is exerted against R 3 and this Pressure of 50 atmospheres from the fourth pipe according to its compressive strength will take over without destruction. The pressure of 200 atmospheres prevailing in the cavity H 1 is thus divided into four tubes, each of which has a flexural strength of e.g. Has 50 atmospheres.

Each of these pipes can be carried individually through the transport spaceships of a space station are fed and there together with the other pipes to a corresponding high-pressure-resistant Entire pipe to be mounted. In addition, the lower end of the tubes can differ initially be open to the upper end, so that the tubes vc lower end, like Figure 30b shows to be pushed in to the upper end.

Only then are the closing bodies A 1, A 2, A 3, A 4 also at the bottom The end is electrically welded in and thus form the four separate cavities H 1, H 2, H 3, H 4.

As FIG. 30b also shows, the closure body is central A 1 to g and a spindle Sp with nut M passed through the cavity H 1. These Spindle does not have to be, but can, if necessary, serve to the closing body to press against each other at the two ends in order to avoid the danger Eliminate the closure body due to the high pressures from the ends of the pipes to be demolished. Due to the high pressure in the cavities ### the Sindel Sp and train tense. Likewise, the pipes R 1 to R 4 are tensioned and thus their flexural strength and load-bearing capacity are significantly increased. The spindle Sp can, however not applicable if there is no requirement to do so.

FIG. 30 b also shows pressure rings D in the four cavities which are shown in FIG Correspondingly spaced, prevent bulging of the pipe walls and also give the outermost pipe wall R 4 an appropriate hold.

By means of these pressure rings D, the cavities are spaced apart divided.

If this is not desired, the spacer rings that are in the Cavities are arranged, be provided with bores through which the expanding Substance can spread smoothly in the cavity.

For entering the eppanding substance e.g. hydrogen or helium Ve tilrohre V 1, V 2, V 3, V 4 are arranged gas-tight to the individual cavities, by means of which the desired and required pressure is produced in each cavity can be.

The interior of the individual cavities can be coated in a gas-tight manner and / or hoses or the like with valve tubes.

FIG. 30c corresponds to FIG. 30, omitting the spindle Sp b. In addition to FIG. 33, FIG. 30c shows a conduit R 1 with a liquid one Substance, e.g. hydrogen, which is under high pressure, so that in the manner of - Figure 30b described, here too the pressure on a plurality of concentrically assigned Pipes (R 2, R 3, R 4) is divided. The pipeline is exposed as a whole a multitude of individual pipes, as shown, connected together by liquid-glass pipes FR are tightly connected to each other. The insulation can be applied to the pipes R 1 - R 4 as shown in FIG. 33.

As mentioned in the introduction on page 1, occurs when using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen represent a significant loss of fuel by evaporation. Accordingly, a larger supply of such fuels must be be taken from Earth at take-off. The invention solves this problem as well in connection with the insulation as described below.

FIG. 33 shows a schematic longitudinal section of an exemplary embodiment Depiction. The hollow body is a tube 1 that is used to absorb liquid hydrogen serves. The tube is at small transverse distances 2z from a variety of reflective, circular, preferably tensioned aluminum foils 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d).

To secure the spaces 2z or the circular distance between each two foils 2, there are transverse rings 4a, 4b, 4c, etc. (see Fig. 3) and lod in Longitudinal rods, tension ropes 3 (see Fig. 2, 3 and 5), or star-shaped, longitudinally oriented, reflective intermediate layers 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, arranged. Figures 36 and 37 show the latter in cross section. The foils 2 and intermediate layers 5 consist, for example, of with Aluminum coated plastic films. The films 2 can also be used as a carrier of ropes attached to them or the like. Serve (not shown). The spacer rings 4 are provided with pips league, 4b (see Fig. 35, which are in corresponding slots 2s of the foils 2 intervene. For the passage of the rods 3 and / or ropes 3 are the rings 4 provided with recesses 4d. Perforated, honeycomb-like spacers can also be used as spacers Plates made of insulating material be interposed.

The rings 4 between the foils 2 are made of insulating thin material, e.g. plastic and only touch the foils in a circular, linear manner 2.

All of these intermediate elements are designed to be reflective on all sides. They are also provided with recesses so that the spaces between The gases located in the foils can be moved further.

Figure 36 shows the individual star-shaped in the longitudinal direction Intermediate layers 5a4 5b, etc: the star tips of which touch the adjacent foils linearly and, if necessary, can be pushed through film slits 2s, including the star tips are to be provided with additional spikes at the appropriate points.

The rings 4 (Fig. 35 are divided into two parts to facilitate their arrangement.

The ends of each part overlap those of the other part. This is indicated by the radial lines 4r, 4r '. These overlap Tiles are fastened to one another by means of stapling or otherwise.

The intermediate elements 5 (Fig. 36 and 37) are cut, as from Section 5k can be seen.

FIG. 33 also shows 2 transverse disks at both ends of the foils 7a, 7b, e.g. made of plastic or wood, or metal, the circular edge parts of which are rectangular are bent. These are assigned according to the position of the circular shape Foils 2a, 2b, etc. provided with holes 71 to the foils and the associated To be able to attach ropes, rods and the like (3) to it with tension. Farther These transverse disks 7a, 7b have perforations to allow the gases to pass back and forth Process (countercurrent principle) from one space to the other.

The transverse washers have 7m recesses for the pipe to pass through 1.

In the outward direction follows the circularly folded foils 2 finally a tube 9, e.g. made of plastic or metal or some other suitable one Material that is reflective inside and out. This pipe 9 supports the tensioned by them existing tension of the foils 2 in the direction of each other circular transverse disks 7a, 7a ', from.

At an appropriate distance from the pipe 9 follows concentrically an outer tube 11 which forms an annular gap 10 with the tube 9. This pipe too 11 has a reflective coating on at least the inside.

Tube 11, which is made of e.g. plastic material or metal, can jointly support the transverse disks 7a, 7a 'with tube 9, or do this alone cause. In the latter case, tube 9 can be made of any material, all the more lightweight be designed in a suitable manner.

The right-angled annular bends of the transverse disks 7a, 7a ' or 7b, 7b ', press themselves onto the Tube 9 airtight.

33 shows more between the transverse disks 7a, 7b 'and 7a', 7b Cross disks 12a, 12b 'or 12al, 12b. These press over seals between them 12d their right-angled circular edge bends on the circular bends of the cross disks 7.

This creates ring-shaped, airtight cavities 14 and 15, respectively.

14 ', 15'. The spaces 14 and 14 'are divided gas-tight by a Intermediate ring 16. The hollow space part 14 'lying on the outside is connected by tubes 17 the respectively adjacent cavity 15 or 15 'connected to the movement of the gases.

The cavities 14, 15 and 14 ', 15', which the circular disks 7a, 7a ', 7b, 7b 'with the associated disks 12a, 12a', 12b, 12b 'are formed by rings 19 blocked in such a way that the gases from a gap 2z to the next following space in serpentine lines (back and forth), i.e. in the opposite direction (Countercurrent principle) have to move and finally into the outer annular gap 10 arrive. To this end, the transverse disks 7 have holes 20 and 21 through which the Gases as required, either through pipes 17 with the adjacent annular gap 10 are connected or by pipes 22 from the insulation system for reprocessing of the changed energy state in the original state through corresponding Devices, pumps, chillers or the like. be forwarded to them.

In order to prevent the liquid hydrogen from changing into a gaseous state to pass, its temperature must be lower than its critical temperature (- 2410C) being held. To do this, the ones described are to be made to tube 1 in small Spaced, double-sided reflective foils 2a, 2b, etc., circular tense.

The outer film 2d reflects that from the inner wall of the tube 9 outgoing heat rays to about 90% and absorbs about 10%.

Of this 10%, only about 10 are from the inside of the film 2d % radiated against film 2c, so that only 10% of 10% = 1 90 of the original Thermal radiation is transferred to the next following film / 26tC. Here it is repeated the same. The inwardly following film 2b again transfers only 1% of den 1 ° = 1/100 of 1/100 = 1 / 10,000 of the original radiation on slide 2a. Foil 2a also gives only 1% of the absorbed rays from 1 / 10,000 to the reflective one outer area of tube 1 from = 1 / 1,000,000.

The number of reflective foils can be increased at will.

A few millimeters are sufficient as a spacing between the foils, so that it is practical Almost absolute insulation is possible in the smallest of spaces.

Over time, the remaining heat is stored in the film and also heats the gases located in the spaces 2z.

This penetration of the external energy via tube 11 to the inner To prevent pipe 1, the invention also provides the following: As soon the temperature of the liquid gases in the pipe 1 increases, and possibly

the pressure also increases, valves la open automatically, which are arranged at certain distances from one another on the tube 1. It flows away then a small amount of the liquid gas initially encircles the tube 1 Space 2z. In this space and also in all subsequent spaces up to and including the annular gap 10, there is a negative pressure, for example is brought about by means of a suction pump 22b.

The liquid hydrogen expands according to the pressure difference between the pressure in the pipe 1 and the pressure in the interstices and evaporates. To do this, it takes the necessary heat of evaporation from the hydrogen in the gaps, so that these gases cool down at least to the temperature they are in the pipes possessed. With this reduced temperature they take over the heat energy of the Foils and the gases already in the spaces 2z. These will through the newly formed gases from the spaces to the split ring 10 and from there through the valve tube 22 to restore its original energy state displaced in pipe 1.

The described movement of the gases takes place according to the countercurrent principle.

It is thus possible to intercept the penetrating heat, i.e. up to transfer the occurring gases so that the heat energy is not possible, to get to pipe 1 worth mentioning.

The gases discharged from the discharge pipes 22 are after their recovery their original energy state by means of the machines already mentioned above and devices re-energized, or for some other purpose fed.

It should be mentioned early on that for lowering, all high explosiveness and combustion only) heat in the combustion chamber solid or dissolved carbon dioxide and carbon powder in optimal regulating measure can be added. Because the critical temperature of carbon dioxide 310C, this carbon dioxide explosively gasifies with a volume of more than a thousandfold.

The hydrogen combustion temperature with pure oxygen is around 3.0000C.

It is significant that the carbon dioxide in the presence of carbon powder, that is added to it, breaks down into carbon monoxide according to the equation CO2 + C = 2CiD, i.e. that the volume of the gas is increased by this decomposition or transformation increased to twice the volume with absorption of heat. That's for the driving force in connection with the heat of combustion of the fuel is of great importance.

The following is an exemplary embodiment - regarding the insulation of walls, Floors, ceilings and the like, especially the outer walls to maintain certain Temperatures in inhabited interiors.

This is based on the assumption that the outer walls (outer shell., Coat, skin) by the solar wind (protons, ultraviolet and radioactive rays, cosmic rays) is heated and threatens the interior.

The attached Figures 39, 3Q and 40 show in a schematic representation an exemplary embodiment in vertical section.

38 shows an outer wall 1 a 'and an inner wall 1 b' A plurality of components 4 'with cavities 22' arranged one above the other, as well as horizontal ones Gas supply pipes 5 with perforations 5 'on the upper ceiling 4 and also on the lower one Bottom gas supply cross tubes 3 with perforations 3 '. These are branches to the corresponding ones Manifolds 7 'and 8'. Those arranged in the cavities 22 'of the projectiles 4' reflective separating layers 62 ', e.g. aluminum foils, are formed with the formation of gaps 66 'stretched and airtightly encompassed by envelopes 61'. These separating layers 63 'take over from the outer heated wall shells la 'heat-energy by radiation. It is the aim is to prevent this heat energy to the inner shell lb 'and thus in penetrates the interior of the associated room and overheats it. This is used to produce and maintain an indoor temperature that is optimal for people.

To do this, the air (or another gas) takes over that between the separating layers 62 'is located in interstices 66' of these reflective foils Touch their high heat and lead them via pipes 3 'and a common main pipe 7 'and a connecting pipe 20' after the optional setting of a refrigeration device or cooling machine K20 via a branch 20e 'with a valve 21'd into a pipe 20'c and valve 21'c via pipe 20'c to valve 21 '.

Pipe 20 'is provided with a valve 21'a and a suction-pressure pump P20.

This sucks the air from the pipe 7 'and the air gaps via valve 73 66 '(see Fig. 40) and generates a negative pressure in them. Because of this negative pressure the cooled air in pipe 8 'is caused to enter the cavities 22' respectively. to flow into the spaces 66 'and to take over the heat from the separating layers 62' and transported away via pipe 7 '.

The valve 73 prevents the air from pipe 20 ', in which the suction-pressure pump P 20 causes an overpressure to flow back into pipe 7 '. Here valve 88'b is of the pipe 8 'locked Likewise, the lowest pipe.

If valve 21lc is blocked, the heat dissipating Air which has been additionally heated by its compression in the pipe 20 'over Junction 20'e pressed into the cooling device or cooling machine. There she will cooled to a certain temperature and supplied to the valve 21 'as described. This opens as soon as a predetermined pressure is exceeded. The compressed, however, reversed air then flows into the negative pressure and cooling chamber 12 ' are pipe coils 14 'with e.g. water (or another cooling substance, e.g. also a gas) from a line 19g, which is fed through valve 18 'by pump P19'a and pipe 17 'is fed to them.

Also the water (or gas), which - as described in more detail later - e.g. located in heat sinks 51 and EEårmq from the interior (lounge) about Shell 1'b has taken up, flows under the pressure of a main pipe 508 (Fig. la and 2) via supply line 505 subsequent water (or gas) via discharge lines 503 and main drainage pipe 507 into the water coils 14 '. This is done in countercurrent to the cooled air emerging from valve 21 '(FIG. 39). This in device K20 already cooled compressed air is expanded in the negative pressure 1aer 12 '. As a result, it cools itself down to an even lower temperature than it does on the Water (or gas) acts in the cooling coils 14 '. The water applied in this way flows via pipe 16 'into a cooling water reservoir 15' and from there its cooling begins Circulation via pump 508 and pipe 508 also new (Figure 39).

The cooled air (or gas) in the negative pressure Kubkarmer 12 'is sucked in by the pump Plo '. Their negative pressure is maintained by valves ll'a and ll'b held. If valve 88b is closed, but valve 88a is open, the cooled Air via main pipe 8 'and secondary pipes 5' into the individual cavities 22 'or intermediate spaces 66 'pressed. From there it is circulated, as described, over after being heated Tube 3 ', 7' and 20 'are fed back to the cooling device K20 and then to the chamber 12' (Figure 38).

As FIG. 1 shows, after the valve 88a is closed, the air can pass through the then open valve 88b and valve 21'a by pump P20 of the cooling device K 20 are forwarded.

From there it can circulate via pipe 20'c, valve 21 'and the Chamber 12 'and pump 10' again via valve 88b and pump P20 of the cooling device or cooling machine K20. This makes it possible to keep the air in the chamber 12 'through repetitive relaxation of the already cooled in K20, previously in Tube 20 again compressed air deeper and deeper with each further circulation cool.

K 20 eliminates the compression heat generated by P20 in pipe 20 ' through the repeated cycle. The valve 18 'is closed during the cycle; the water pumps P507 and 508 are at rest (Fig. 39). Is the desired low temperature achieved by the repeated cycle, they become closed to the cycle The necessary valves are reopened and the pumps are operated.

In addition, it should be mentioned that the air flowing from pipe 7 'into the Pipe 20 'flows in, a special cooling through the pipe wa ° sdseeF 98r 191) can be subjected. For this purpose, the air is released by blocking the valve 21'a in the pipe 22'b and passed in pipe windings 20'c around the cold water pipe 19 ' and then back through the pipe 20'a back into the pipe 20 '. From this it can e.g. with the valve 21'c open, it is fed to the chamber 12 'via pipe 20'c and valve 211 or, as already described, after closing the valve 21'c via a pipe 20'e in K20 and then to valve 211.

As already mentioned, Fig. 39 shows behind the air line 8 '(after following on the right) cold water body 51 with individual floors 504 horizontal cold water supply lines 505, d ie from a main supply pipe 508 are branched off. Likewise, cold water discharge pipe pieces 503 with associated gem common drain main pipe 507 connected to the cold water bodies 51. pipe 508 is connected to the cold water reservoir 15 '. Tube 507, however, is for Release of the absorbed heat of the water taken over from the cold water bodies 51 ' connected to the pressure and cooling chamber 12 'for renewed cooling. Tube 507 there its water into the cold water coils 14 'located there and thus displaced the water contained in these, preferably supercooled (e.g. with cooling salts) into the cold water reservoir. (15 ') The subcooling of the cold water coils 14', i.e. the heat or energy reduction from the reflux of the water / rauGsaSeeSn Energy (heat) originating from bodies 51 takes place through the air, which from the suction pump Pole 0 'sucked in from this' chamber - generating a predetermined underpressure will and is passed into the air pipe 8 '. This negative air pressure (Suction) causes a density reduction of the gas, whereby that which remained in the chamber 12 ' Gas expands and cools accordingly. The water cooled by this gas in the water coils is via the water line 16 'into the cold water reservoir 15 'forwarded and via this and pipe 08 and water pump 08 the heat sinks 51 supplied with a correspondingly reduced tem perature in the circuit.

The same is done by creating the negative pressure in the air in the chamber 12 'via air pipe 8' the cavities 22 'or the intermediate spaces 66' are cooled by air fed. in these gaps there is then another takeover of the from the separating layers 62 'by radiation of the wall shells 1'a and associated bodies 51 or 54 'energy transferred to the circulating air for further transport (or Energy change) and its removal via pipe 7 '. (Fig. 4 (9 Fig. 38 shows a cross connection 101 with a suction pressure pump 102 and Ven valves 103 and 104 between the water return reservoir 15'b and the vertical pipe 17 'with valve 18' opening into the cooling chamber 12 '. With the inclusion of the pump P10 'and its valves 11'a, 11'b, there is such a thing Circuit through which the heat sinks (z-.B. 51 '> 54') in the return reservoir 15'b returned, heated, "used" water into the vacuum and cooling chamber 12 'and is cooled again. Then it can turn the heat sinks (e.g. 51 ', 54').

This circuit can use the same water from the return reservoir 15'b repeated as often as desired and a lower temperature level with each cycle can be achieved until the temperature requirement for the water has been met.

This "fresh" feed water is the cooling reservoir 15'a, which the Heat sinks (e.g. 51 ', 54') fed in the circuit and via the return reservoir 15'b is returned, entered.

Once the intended temperature has been reached, this cycle begins interrupted by pump P102.

For the interim blocking of other circuits are in addition to the Valves shown in the drawing, if necessary additional, not shown Provide valves.

It is explained in relation to FIGS. 38 and 39 that the suction / pressure pump 20 ', which is sucked in from pipe 7' via valve 21'a, "used" air in the pipe 20 'subjected to an overpressure.

Valve 21 'at the end of tube 20'c is adjustable. The overpressure can hereby according to requirements between the valves 21'a and 21 'more or be held up less. The possible interposition of the cooling device or cooling machine K20 does not interfere.

This compression creates a corresponding amount of heat, which can be fully used: Firl.4Q shows crllf; rncllcf the arrangement of the main water supply pipe 508 with upper transverse pipe sections 505 to the individual cooling bodies (e.g. 51 ', 54'). In the same way, cross-pipe pieces 503 are in the lower part of the cooling body 51 ', 54', provided as branches of a main water drainage pipe 507. These Main pipes are expediently on the back of the shell l'b, e.g. a plaster shell, to attach.

There is different cooling or in the different room areas Heating required. For this it may suffice, according to the exemplary embodiment in the figures 38, 39, 40 the air by corresponding switching of the pumps in opposite directions To circulate direction. As far as the pumps previously had a negative pressure as suction pumps and thus generated cooling in the chamber 12 ', they now have the opposite effect Rotation creates an overpressure in the chamber 12 ', i.e. it acts as a heat pump Heat for heating.

This changeover is a person skilled in the art of air conditioning systems known. It therefore does not require any further details.

The drawings are not construction drawings, but schematic Representations. In practice, the designer is responsible for the training and arrangement, e.g. the reflective separating layers and the associated air pipes, air channels and the like. Perform from other points of view.

That is not the purpose of the present patent drawings.

As can be seen from the description, the invention offers the possibility of to insulate the walls almost completely even without air circulation.

With the air circulation, this insulation can be achieved almost absolutely. However, a number of other advantageous possibilities result from the air circulation and combinations.

The invention offers all possibilities, a wide variety of requirements correspond to. The individual airflow movements can be controlled by means of thermostats various combinations can be carried out.

The star-shaped structure of the connecting body is very important to. This allows e.g. large domed buildings without supports within the circular Floor area with a diameter of e.g. 200 m and a free space of over 500,000 are to be built. The primary pipe supports (clamping pipes) have one Length about 15 m. The width of these girders and their height result from the static calculations. In addition to these primary main beams, there are secondary secondary beams arranged resting on or on these. The assembly of the scaffolding can be done without cranes the BoC construction, which is made up of tubes and connecting bodies, takes place.

The supports of this construction absorb the horizontal forces. the lower and upper ends of these supports are connected to each other transversely (radially).

The space structures can be on asteroids, the moon or in free trajectories and form permanent settlements. The buildings can also be used as tunnels be executed. The length of this is limited at will. Also to medical Purposes (radiation and magnetic effects, e.g. on human genes, Animals and plants) these can serve. The genes are stimulated to mutations, which lead to new developments. The genetic makeup can be changed so that undesirable Properties are diminished or eliminated, and others are improved and enhanced.

In particular, diseases such as cancer can also be alleviated or cured will.

A plurality of such tunnels can be side by side in the longitudinal direction be arranged and form buildings of optional width.

The extraterrestrial space is filled with particles and forces, e.g. Baryons, protons, neutrons, leptons, electrons, muesons, tauons, neutrinos, mesons, Pions of quarck, photons, as well as ultraviolet and radioactive rays.

The development of spaceships and the stationing of space structures E.g. on the moon, is also very important in other respects. It's over den Bi: the lunar surface known to what a tremendous extent the lunar object from impacts by asteroids and meteorites. The same goes for everyone Planets and also our earth. The traces of these impacts are on the I. Their tectonic activity and erosion have largely been destroyed.

At least the known impact structures that still exist are instructive.

Of the three categories of asteroids that orbit the earth To cut the Sun, it is primarily the Apollo asteroids that are in the area their closest approach to the sun (perihelion) can collide with the earth. Interest it e especially the larger asteroids from the 1 km class. Such an asteroid is created in the event of its impact on the earth, a crater with a diameter of 20 km Well-known tertiary crater belongs to the lo-km class.

(Popigay Structure - Soviet Union). The craters are also known Puchezh-Ka (USSR) and Manicougan (Canada) The largest impact structures have diameters many hundreds of kilometers. This Bobardement from the cosmos is an immense danger for the earth and its humanity. This barbarism will continue in the future. The 50,000 or so asteroids between Mars and Jupiter alone speak for this. Astrophysicists believe that such major catastrophes are due to the Probability calculations come up to us again. The last great catastrophe took place at the end of the Cretaceous Period about 65 million years ago.It was a minor planet only a few kilometers in diameter, which stumbles into the sea. More than half of all Marine animal species perished or subsequently became extinct as a result of this disaster.

The spaceships and space stations give humans the opportunity to Approaching meteors, asteroids and the like with appropriate detectors HSu to discover bodies in good time and still in space outside the earth's atmosphere to destroy. This is an impending danger from the earth and its living beings ukenç This destruction could take place, for example, in such a way that, as shown in FIG cylindrical steel body 601, 601 with a preferably flat tip 601 a ZentrXal shot down against the meteor. As the spaceship was approaching towards df Meteor can get a very high speed and at this speed the speed given by the launch of the cylindrical projectile is added added, and continue to add the speed of the meteor is, the impact of the cylindrical projectile on the meteor results in such a cope and lightning-fast shock impulse, so that its energy is not lateral to the cylindrical Projectile can spread. Rather, the projectile penetrates z drieh linearly limited into the object. The energy of the bullet is calculated from its dimensions and the square of its speed at the point of impact according to the formula: E m 2 2 This impulse causes a linear piercing of the meteor and thus breakthroughs or breaking his body.

The projectile is formed with a funnel-shaped cavity 602. In this cavity, explosive means 603 can be arranged, which are caused by delay means only come to an explosion when the cylindrical projectile is in a predetermined depth of the meteor has penetrated. The meteor or the asteroid is broken down into many fragments blown apart, which as soon as they burn up in the atmosphere of the earth karmr. This detonation is facilitated by the fact that heavenly bodies as a rule have taut surfaces that place significant pressure on the area it encloses Exercise matter. These compressive forces are released and tear apart by the impact impulse from inside the meteor.

Such projectiles can serve other useful purposes as well. So e.g. to locate Olvol coming. The search for oil is costly. here So] bullets could be used, e.g. ZUEfl Finding oil supplies below the Meez floor, as well as below the ice layers e.g. the Arctic. By perpendicular shooting with the projectiles described can with relatively little An oil search can be carried out over large areas. The connection can be made in a perpendicular The spacecraft swooped down. This shock causes pressure waves to propagate in the earth's crust in all directions. These waves move with different Speed in the layers of the earth, which have different densities. By exact Registration determines the speed differences. From these differences arise the different densities of the layers, and thus their physical Nature. Liquid layers are clearly distinguishable from solid metal and rock layers. According to the estimates of experts, rest about three to six times as much oil and natural gas as the whole world has consumed since oil production began has, still in the ground.

This is 70 to 160 times the current world production.

The treasures hidden in the earth can be determined as stated and be lifted.

The funnel shape of the cavity 602 is used to the head part 601 'of the Projectile that is in front of the flat vertical cavity side 602 'of the tear off the back part by explosion at the weakest point (X) and with the force of this further explosion - impact impulse - the projectile head 601 'still remains to penetrate deeper into the object to be destroyed.

Instead of just one funnel-like cavity 602, as in FIG. 41 a shows - several such cavities 602 'a, b, c, d one behind the other in a certain way Distance to be provided and filled with explosive 603.

First, the rearmost funnel-shaped space is 6o2. a ignited and the not yet ignited funnel-shaped explosives rooms in front of it together with the head part 601 ', as described, with a new impact pulse even deeper driven into the object to be destroyed. After a predetermined further time occurs the ignition of the next upstream explosive device, which in turn another shock impulse occurs, -with which the head is driven further. This can at will, often according to the number of consecutive explosive cavities and the ignitions that occur optimally one after the other happen. In order to can such a head 601 'without interruption the body to be destroyed in optionally to be determined depth.

The speed that should be given to the projectile can also be can be set to vary. For example, the speed can be increased, if the ignitions occur at shorter intervals after the first ignition. The speeds can be increased extremely in the space outside the atmosphere, since only a small one Frictional loss occurs.

Another variant is that the last one to ignite Cavity 602 b with a special explosive e.g. a nuclear explosive is filled, for which an optimal ignition time is provided.

The earth itself is threatened by its inner more or less fluid Mass and the earthquakes and volcanoes caused by it affect people. Here rises the thought of reducing this risk, e.g. by diverting the pressures out of the the human-endangering areas according to others, e.g.

Marine areas or uninhabited deserts. With the bullets described one could connect to places that have a very thin earth crust and so that the internal pressure of the earth opens up a safe path for humans.

In this respect, too, the great catastrophes are in the past in world history by no means ended. 225 million years ago than all Land masses of the earth united to form the supercontinent "Pangea", diminished the area of the shallow seas increases by almost 70%.

As a result, over 90% of all species of living things became extinct. Of the In order to survive, humans will have to direct the future of the earth.

As stated, such spaceships are also intended to serve research purposes.

Special rooms are to be set up for this. In particular, come so far magnetic and electric fields are required from wood scraps and spaces Consider plastics to trap particles entering from interstellar space and, for example, to put them under very high pressure.

This allows, for example, fusions of hydrogen nuclei with each other and with Cores of other substances can be achieved with a high degree of probability. You can do this also the very energetic hard rays as well as fast electrons and the like contribute from the cosmos.

FIG. 42 shows schematically a pipe 630 in which a second pipe 631 is included. In this smaller tube there is a cavity 632 with rigid welded end pieces 633 a, b, c, d, which have bores 634, through which pistons or piston rods 635 reach through in a movable but gas-tight manner.

In the cavity 632 are substances 637 via valve tubes 636 with high Filled with pressure and optimal temperature, with the aim of pressing in the piston rods 635 in these substances 637 these on high density optionally to compress to chemical Trigger reactions.

For this purpose, the piston heads 635 'are facing outwards. designed as a movable closure body inside the tube 630, while in further Outward direction in the tube ends rigid closing body 639 a and 639 b are welded. As a result, there are cavities 640 a, 640 b (or 640 c, 640 d) between formed the piston heads and these closing bodies. By filling in the substance 637 with high pressure in the cavity 632, the piston rods are first moved outwards pushed back.

In the expansion spaces 640 a, b, c, d are now expanding Substances filled in, which explosively generate a high force when ignited at the same time on the pistons 635 'exercise and the piston rods in from all sides in a flash press in the substances 637 to be compacted. This compression takes place as a shock impulse. This enables the highest compression and chemical reactions that would otherwise be difficult are to be achieved.

This can take place under the influence of cosmic rays, corpuscles and the like take place.

Such experiments must be carried out to switch off the atmospheric protective screen take place in interplanetary space.

May these spaceships and space stations advance and the Higher development of all people on earth serve and a mutual peace Ensure help and love for people.

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Claims (1)

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E 1. Spaceship, consisting of a load-bearing frame and associated hollow bodies, walls and floors characterized in that that pipe (101, 102) to be scaffolded by common connecting bodies (104), load-bearing frame are combined and substances expanding into the tubular cavities, in particular gases entered with pressure, e.g. Hydrogen, helium, are entered, through which the tubes are stretched are. 2. Spaceship according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubes with the connecting bodies by means of extensions of the connecting body or pipe or connected by pins that are pushed into both parts. 3. Spaceship according to Claims 1 and 2 9, characterized in that that the extensions running in different directions to frame formation and / or Serve connection with other parts of the room. 4. Spaceship according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that a plurality of contiguous frames are planar and / or three-dimensional Form a framework. 4a. Spaceship according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the tubes and frames form an approximately hemispherical framework, for example, in which the round shape is formed by curved tubes. 4b. Spaceship according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the Iutteilocr perpendicular Cohrstülze.n by horizontal deer frame with one another are connected. 4c. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized that horizontal shelves made of tube frame with the vertical Form an intermediate floor at roughly the height of the storey. 5. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the extensions and / or pins on the tubes and connecting bodies (104) are arranged at a variably fixable distance from one another. 6. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the expanding fabrics (110), for example in the perpendicular ones, are parallel mutually extending frame tubes (102), the vertical inserted into them Push out extensions (104a) to a part of the length and thus reduce the distance between the same connecting bodies (104) or on their corresponding horizontal extensions (104a) arranged frame tubes (101) to each other, thereby tightening straps (111), clamping plates or the like. That on the horizontal parallel frame tubes (101) - vertically connecting them to one another - are arranged, are stretched. 7. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that tapes (111, 112), panels, Plates, foils or the like. Are arranged on the framework. 8. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the tensioning straps, tensioning boards, plates, foils or the like their parts resting on the frame tubes, corresponding to these tubes, profiled are. 9. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized that on the tapes strips or the like. Boards, foils, plates in particular made of plastic and / or metal are arranged, which together have a Form a closed surface, e.g. a wall surface (Fig. 1). 10. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that seals are arranged on the extensions (104a, 104c). 11. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that reinforcement means, e.g. reinforcement rings, double tubes or the like to protect against internal transverse pressure around the pipes (101, 102) are arranged. 11a spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the tensioning tubes with theverbindko, rMrl by metal strips Or the like. Are connected, including the power to accommodate vertical extensions (159) or the like. Perforations (159b). 12. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized that in the same direction of an extension (116a), parallel to this, further extensions (116b) for receiving further frame tubes (120b, 121b), e.g. B. another frame are provided on the connecting body (115) (Fig. 1a). 13. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the extensions (104a, 104c) by pins (106, 123, 133), rivets Screws, latches or the like in optional positions with the frame tubes (1o1, 1o2, 120, 121, 154) can be connected (Fig. 1, 1a, 2). 14. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that stationary intermediate bodies (138a) with a longitudinal bore c for the movable passage of piston rods (146), or the like are attached (Fig. 2). 15. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the extensions of the connecting body also in others Directions are formed as at right angles to each other, e.g. B. star-shaped (Fig. 2). 16. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized1 that the connecting body is provided with extensions (1o4c, 159, 117) which enables a three-dimensional arrangement of tube frames (Fig. 1, 1a, 2). 17. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the extensions (132a) limit a maximum insertion the tubes (154a) bear stops (153) (Fig. 2). 18 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that by means of a piston (147) with piston rod (146) under the pressure of expansion substances (148) in one through a rigid intermediate body with a bore (138a) on the one hand and the piston (147) on the other hand, the rod (146) of which through the Bore of the intermediate body (138a) is guided, the cavity formed with the Piston (147) connected extension (132a) of the connecting body into the pipe end is pulled into it (Fig. 2). 19. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that in an open pipe end of a pipe (154c) a loose movable Closing body n 55) is inserted and the expanded substances then filled (142) against the movable closing body (155) exerts its expansion force, wherein the inner end of the cavity bounded by a stationary intermediate body (138b) is and so the loose closing body (155) is pressed against the connecting body (130) is (Fig. 2 20. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that a movable closure body (155) is arranged in the pipe end which is pressed by the expansion substance (142) against the connecting body (130) is (Fig. 2) 21. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the connecting body is profiled, for. B. Wells (157; or the like, in which the movable Abschli body (155) is used (Fig. 2) 22. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the connecting body elements are facing in different directions protruding extensions for connecting pipes (Fig. 1, 1a, 2). 23. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the connecting body is the connection of above, below and next to each other complete the frame tubes to be arranged (Fig. 1, 1a, 2 24. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the connecting body to each other with their extensions and, if necessary, interlock the corresponding perforations (not shown). 25. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that instead of a movable or fixed closure body with fillers filled cavities of pipes or similar extensions (132) of connecting bodies (130) are pushed into the pipe ends (154) (Fig. 2). 26. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the connecting bodies (130) have extensions (132a) attached to them Piston rods (146) and piston (147) carry (Fig. 2). 27. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that fastening means for arranging the extension (132) in the pipe (154) are provided, e.g. B. pins, rivets, screws or the like or a Welding takes place. 28. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that by inserting pins (1o6) or the like through holes in the tube ends and optionally deeply inserted extensions (104a) each appropriate La <, these parts to each other for the maintenance of a certain Tension of the tensioning straps (111, 112) is secured (Fig. 1). 29. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the adjoins an extension (132b) in the tube (154b) de cavity is filled with expanding material (140). 3o. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the expanding material (140) shares the tube (154b) with the fixed extension (132b) and an inner closing body (138b) spanned (Fig. 2). 31. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that between two connecting bodies (130) of a pipe frame pipes (154c) with movable closing bodies (155) actuated by expanding in the associated Void filled substances (142) are pressed (Fig.). 32. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that at least one of the cavities is rigid between two inner closing bodies are used to tension the pipe (Fig. 1b). 33. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims. characterized in that a plurality of tubes (401, 402, 403) with at least one movable closure body (410, 411, 412) in succession is arranged and their separate cavities (A, B, C) single with expanding Substances (400 a, 4oob, 4ooc) are filled 34. Spaceship after at least one of the The preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes (401, 402, 403) telescopic are pushed airtight into one another and the movable closing bodies (410, 411, 412) on part of the length of the expanding substances (4ooa, 4oob, 4ooc) from their associated Pipe against, e.g. B. a rigid closing body (405, 406) of the next pipe or an object e.g. B. a plate (420), a ceiling (425) or a other component pushed out, but at least pressed on. 35. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the filling of the expanding substances into the individual cavities (A, B, C) in chronological order, starting with the pipe with the largest diameter (401) takes place, the lower end (404) against an abutment, e.g. B. Plate (423) and foundation (426) is directed 36. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims (characterized in that the chronological sequence the filling of the expanding substances in the successive cavities (A, B, with the proviso takes place that in the preceding cavity the expansion is at least partially already 37. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the expansion forces add up over those of them moving elements, e.g. B. movable closure body (410, 411, 412) on z. Legs Ceiling plate (420) are transferred, with the lowest tube (401) against a Abutment, e.g. B. presses a base plate (423). 38. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that inner tubes are used to tension the tubes by means of expanding substances the expansion space delimiting body are arranged. 38a spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the connecting body and the pins of the clamping tubes to each other Engagement at the points of contact are toothed and e.g. by a vertical pin, Bolts, 155a or the like. Are connected to each other. 39. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the steel plates (420, 423) with stiffening means, e.g. B. Ribs, waves and the like, are provided 40. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that against the plate (420) or ceiling (425) pressing element (412) of the pressure pipe, for. B. telescopic tubes (401, 402, 403) a pin (414) of the plate or ceiling comprises 41. spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the entire cavity of a rigid, z. B. welded end pieces (202a, 202b) formed tube (201) by dividing body, e.g. B. single piston (208) with associated piston rods (209) and rigid intermediate body (211) with through-holes for the piston rods (209) into variable expansion subspaces (A, B, C, D, E, F) for spatial and temporal separate inclusion of expansion materials (206) is subdivided, with the subspaces by displacement of the movable partition body under the expansion pressure increase spatially and thus the tension of the entire pipe (201) of filling to fill the sub-spaces (Fig. 2 B). 42. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the individual separate, movable piston rods (209) in a straight line are arranged to pass the pressure on to the not yet filled Sub-spaces up to the end of the pipe, so that the total expansion pressure with each subsequent filled and enlarging subspace increases gradually (Fig. 2a, 2b). 43. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that in a tube (201) between - z. B. arranged from both sides, movable pressing elements, e.g. B. piston (208) with piston rods (209), a cavity (Z), delimited by movable intermediate bodies (215, 215 '), is provided for receiving of substances to be compressed (216), which may require temperature-regulating space (Z) Devices can be assigned (Fig. 2b). 44. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the pistons (228) are spaced from one another with Piston rods (229), which. encompass concentrically, each piston rod having its end is arranged on a common end body (230) which is against the pipe termination body (220 b-) is pressed by expanding substances or such a closing body is, whereby the tube (221) is tensioned (Fig. 2c). 45. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the subspaces (A, B, C, D, E) the adding pressure of subsequent filling with expansion substances (226) the clamping body (e.g. gradually put a pipe) (221) in increased tension (Fig. 2a, 2c). 46. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that on movable extensions (172, 172 ') to be arched tubes (171) are arranged on a tube (170), the curvature by reducing the distance Extensions (172, 172 ') by means of clamping devices, consisting, for. B. from piston (173a or 173a ') with piston rods (174 or 1741) and rigid intermediate bodies (175a resp. 175a1) with longitudinal bores to form partial cavities (A, B, C or A ', B'. C ') filled with expanding substances (177) for the exciting Displacement of the piston (173). 47. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that additional expanding substances (181) to the outside beyond the pipe ends (171a, 171'a) are filled, which by pressure, e.g. B. about movable Body (180) reduce the distance between the pipe ends to be arched (FIGS. 2d, 2e) 48. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that frame (251a, 252a, 251b, 252b) forming tubes on at least one to the outside directed tube surface with U-shaped legs (258) are formed or such U-bars on this pipe surface made of a suitable material, e.g. B. metal, plastic are arranged. (Fig. 3) 49. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the U-shaped profiled parts have "grooves" (258) form, the corresponding frame parts, for. B. a frame tube (253b), the adjacent Component as a "spring" (253b) between sicl for mutual connection (Fig. 3). 50. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the U-legs accommodate tube springs (253b) of the same profile size (Width) of the remaining pipe parts of the frame (251a, 252a, 251b, 252b) and the U-legs protrude laterally around the thigh thickness (Fig. 3). 51. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that U-leg parts (grooves) at an angle to each other on two sides of the pipe frame and the other two are at an angle to each other Tube-frame parts springs (251b) to adjacent similar U-leg parts Form (grooves) of a pre-arranged pipe frame (Fig. 3). 52. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that plates are arranged offset on the pipe frame, the total a closed outer surface, e.g. B, form the wall surface (Fig. 3). 53. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the grooves or U-legs (258) at their ends, for. B, a-or multiple, e.g. B. at right angles (258a, 258b) are and thus those on them Hold the plates to be arranged (Fig. 3-). 54. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the last bend (258b) in a parallel to the plate surface extending slot (270) of the next plate (261 or 264) engages (Fig. 3). 55. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the circumferential narrow edges in two planes, for. B. 264n, 264c run into oppositely shaped opposite edges (265m, 265c) of the b-neighbors Insert plate (265) (Fig. 3) 56. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the side plates (e.g. 261) at least with part of their edge width bends (258a) of the U-legs between them record (Fig. 3). 57. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the plates are arranged offset to the pipe frame and the frame grooves (258, 259) are at least partially covered laterally by the plates are, with the springs (253b, 251b) remaining free at least as far as they are in adjacent grooves (258, 259) engage (Fig. 3). 58. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the last bend (258b) is opposite to the arrangement of one extending element (258c) is used, which is in an upper slot of the lower adjacent Plate (e.g. 262) engages (Fig. 3a). 59. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the last bend (258b) is parallel to the U-legs runs a bar (258c) which is hung in an edge slot (275b) of the previous, z. B. lower plate (262 or 264) used and thus this plate stops as soon as the following plate (261 or 264) with its slot (270) is placed (Fig. 3a). 60. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims. characterized in that the groove angled portions (258a) are pins (280) or similar, which are inserted into the plates when they are arranged and / or insert yourself into them (Fig. 3b). 61. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the pins (280) or the like through corresponding perforations (279) of the horizontal groove bends (258a) first in the lower plates (262, 265) are inserted into corresponding recesses (281) and in the opposite direction protrude to take up the next plate (261 or 264) (Fig. 3b). 62. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the contacting sub-frames (253, 254) panels (261 u panels (261i etc.), bends (258a, b) and also chipboard (see Fig. 1 Zi, 111, 112) pinned, screwed, glued together (Fig. 3, 3a, 3b). 63. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby marked that pins, screws, rivets or other perpendicular to the frame tubular mechanical fasteners protrude to the sides and in arranged to the frame sides, z. B. glued panels (261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266) made of combined foils or the like., Insert themselves horizontally and this carry (not shown) 64 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the plates (e.g. 264, 265) have recesses (264n, 265c) for their mutual arrangement and attachment (Fig. 3, 3b). 65. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that at least the through the pipe frame (251a, 252a, 251b, 252b) the enclosed cavity is equipped with insulating means (Fig. 3, 3a, 3b). 66. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that at least the inner surfaces of the plates (261, etc.) or the like provided with insulating layers (e.g. 264i, 265i), e.g. B. are pasted (Figq 3, 3a, 3b). 67. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in a cavity, e.g. B. between two larger pipes (1i, 1zi smaller tubes (3a) are preferably inserted tightly pressed together (Fig. 4) 68 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Ansy> iiichc thereby gekennzeichn-et that free spaces (1a) between the large and small pipes (1i, 1z, 3a) are filled with expanding substances (Fig. 43 69. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the cavity between the larger tubes (1i and 1z) is fixed at both ends closed with a strong cover plate (65 Fig. 4a), for. B. is welded. 70. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the small intermediate tubes (3a) are movable at least at one end Have closing bodies (67) with which they are filled by expansion of substances (3e) against the closing discs rigidly connected to the outer and inner tube (left) (65) - both larger tubes (1i, 1z) tightening - press (Fig. 4 and 4a). 71. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the smaller intermediate tubes (3a) rigid, immovable closure body (67) carry on both sides, which can be detachable and adjustable, and so the intermediate tubes (3a) can be tensioned individually by expanding them introduced into their cavities Fabrics (3e). 72. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the closing body (65) by clamping elements arranged on them, z. B. Pistons (62) with piston rods (64) towards each other on the tubes (1i, 1z and possibly 3a) pressed by expanding substances introduced into the gaps are (Fig. 4, 4a). 73. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that pressing means (62, 64, 65) to the pipe ends in a central Tube (1z) are arranged through which end washers (65) in opposite directions Pressed in the direction of the pipes 1z and 1i close pressure-tight and at the same time the closure body (67) of the small clamping tubes (3a) are pressed (Fig. 4a) 74. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that a plurality of tubes (3 a) are combined into a bundle, which of one Coat (1 @) is tightly enclosed. (Fig. 4) 75. Spaceship after at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jackets (1) are made up of sections, z. B. bands are formed, which can be tensioned, for example, via edge bends (1 w) (Fig, 4å) 76. 0 Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that part on the same tube (1i) several layers / jackets (1 on top of each other are arranged with preferably individual tension and press the tube bundle or the tube bundle (Fig. 4) 77. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that an enclosing tube and / or stretched jackets: 1, with a Tube bundles are stretched inside by expanding substances inside. 78. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the men (1, 18) and shell parts by means of a clamping device are stretched with expanding materials (8) and the cut edges in the stretched state with each other, e.g. B. by Schwaissen, are united (Fig. 4) 79. Spaceship after at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping device by means of a pulley system (40, 41, 4. 43) the movement of the expanding tensioning material (8) eiæsAntriebselementes (So, 51, 52). the elements to be exciting z. B. Coats (1) transfers (Fig. 4) 80. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the tensioning cable (35) is guided over a fixed roller (36) and with both of its The ends of the corner bends (1 w) moved in opposite directions (Fig. 4) 81st spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the tensioning rope (35) carries a loose roller (37) on which the tensioning means (e.g. Pulley (40) with bottle rope (38) and drive element (50) via pulley (40) attack (Fig. 4) 82. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the voltage is applied simultaneously in opposite directions (30 a, 30 b), e.g. B. by deflecting the tensioning cable (35) takes place (Fig. 49 83. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized by the Space between a central tube (1 z) and one that follows outwards Tube (1 i) is filled with expanding materials (8) and the ends of the tubes (1 z, 1 i) and the space in between are sealed in a pressure-tight manner (Fig. 4, 4a) 82W. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensioning tubes have a plurality of freely movable individual pistons with piston rods, which form a kind of chain in the cavity and are firmly lined up against one another, the free end of the individual piston rods in each case against the piston part of the following piston Element is pressed loosely. 85. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that at least one of the ends of clamping tubes has a termination a longitudinal bore exists for the movable passage of a piston or Like. Actuated rod and in a Hohiraumteil that the piston to the pipe end is upstream, clamping means, tel, are introduced by their volume increase Move the piston with the rod away from the end into the inside of the tube and through this Movement of other bodies that are attached to the rod beyond the tube of the, press against the end of the pipe. (Fig. 28, 29, 32) 86 spaceship after at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the end of the clamping tube and the moved other body are loosely arranged further bodies and these are pressed towards the end of the pipe. 87 Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that in order to pass the rods moved by the piston, the rods to be moved Body have through openings. 88. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the moving bodies are clamping bodies, e.g. clamping tubes, which e.g. run transversely at right angles to the former clamping tubes. 89. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that one of the closing bodies is rigid at one end of the tensioning tube is attached, e.g. by welding, while the other closure body is attached to the other End of the clamping tube, depending on requirements, a corresponding piece from the end of the clamping tube, under the pressure of a introduced into an upstream cavity Clamping means is pressed against the edge of the clamping plate, whereby the between the plate surface located at the two ends of the clamping tube is tensioned. 90. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized that clamping tubes in the same direction, e.g. longitudinal direction, on the other side of the end of the former clamping tubes are arranged to these and press them. 91. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized that clamping bodies, e.g. clamping tubes, in or on plates to be clamped are arranged, in particular in metal plates with folded edges and the clamping body keep the plate in tension. 92. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the clamping body at least partially from the plate edges are included. 93. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that means are arranged by which the clamping body against the Edges are pressed and the plate surface is tensioned in the direction of these forces is. 92. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that at least two clamping plates with their edges against each other are pressed. 95. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the clamping plates face each other with their corner tips and are pressed against one another with the longitudinal edges lying against one another. 96 spacecraft according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that a plurality of clamping plates together form a wall and by clamping means, e.g. by pistons, with overlapping piston rods firmly together are connected. 97. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the clamping body or clamping tubes by perpendicular against their long sides pressed other clamping tubes are supported. 9, spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the clamping plates are crossed by clamping tubes on the inside are supported pressure-resistant towards the inside. 99, spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the clamping elements are square tubes. Looss spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that all parts of the component that touch each other, are firmly connected to each other, e.g. by means of metal adhesive. lol spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the edge parts of the clamping plates are folded over several times, with one of the two adjacent edge surfaces of two components with their upper part is folded over parallel to its own edge surface, and in the so formed narrow gap the right-angled edge surface of the other component is inserted. 102 .. spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the movable end piece of a clamping tube accordingly the corner shape of the clamping plate with a triangular tip, e.g. at the angle of the Cathode of 900 is formed, with the tip pressed into the plate corner is and lies with the cathedrals on the edge folds. 1o3. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the movable end piece has a longitudinal bore through which the rod of a piston protrudes into the corresponding beyond the tip arranged movable or immovable end piece of another clamping tube and the tie rod is attached to the latter, or passes through the end piece for attachment to an opposed piston, which by means of clamping means in the gap in opposite Direction to the former piston is moved, or which is rigidly attached to the tube and the clamping means press the mating closure means into the associated panel corner and thereby both plates are pressed against each other with their tips. (Fig. 29) 104. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that at least one of the two end pieces of the two clamping plates is rigidly attached is and to this a movable piston with piston rod is arranged and on other end of the same clamping tube a movable end piece with a rigid Piston is arranged. 105. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the clamping tubes and their pistons rods diagonally between the Plate corners are arranged. (Fig. 295 loC .-- Spaceship after at least one of the The preceding claims, characterized in that on the inner surfaces of the plate edges Clamping tubes, e.g. arranged in a vertical and horizontal direction, which are supported by other tensioning tubes, which are preferably assigned perpendicular to these tensioning tubes the folds are pressed and so the panels in the appropriate directions are excited. (Figs. 28 and 29) 107, spaceship after at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the edge clamping tubes with retractable closing bodies, which are preferably bevelled towards the outside are provided with which they press against each other or against intermediate ones Press clamping tubes and use them to clamp the plate. lo8 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the clamping tubes are formed in the same way at the two ends and thus on the edge folds of the clamping plates running transversely to them exert pressure. lo9 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that several clamping plates, e.g. four clamping plates, one flat closed Corner parts within the overall wall form for common union with intersecting Piston rods, including the folds, e.g. their corner parts, corresponding recesses for the passage of the piston rods. llo. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that through the piston rod of a clamping tube a at right angle arranged for this purpose another clamping tube is firmly connected to this with tension. 111. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the piston rod at both ends of the clamping tube with transverse to them extending clamping tubes is firmly connected and a third clamping tube with a movable end piece and clamping means is associated with the Piston rod connected parts pressed against each other. (Fig. 29) Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that corner pieces are inserted into the corners of the clamping plates are, the legs of which are movably inserted into open ends of clamping tubes and are pushed out of the clamping means of a subsequent cavity, the Press the edges on the corners. 113.. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the corner pieces have holes in the diagonal direction for receiving piston rods in a diagonally assigned clamping tube-arranged Piston. (Fig. 29) 114. .- Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the piston rod through a further corner piece adjacent plate protrudes and is attached to this. (Fig. 29) 115.. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the associated diagonal clamping tube is arranged on the hypotenuse of the corner piece and this presses with a movable end piece. (Fig. 29) 116.. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that a rod with both ends in a clamping tube is rigidly attached and a movable closure at one end of a clamping tube is arranged with a through hole "through which the rod is passed and tensioning means in the cavity between the movable closure body and the associated rigidly attached end of the rod are introduced through which the both clamping tubes are pressed towards each other. fl7. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that several pistons with piston rods in the cavity of a clamping tube one after the other, touching each other loosely, but preferably with mechanical pressure are arranged and then the associated tensioning means one after the other be filled when the previously filled clamping space has ended its tension. (Fig30) 118. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the piston directed towards the piston rod of the other piston has a bore and / or funnel-shaped design of its outer surface through which the piston rod of the other piston-is centered in its position and the Pressure of all piston rods in the common pressure line formed in this way centrally continuously done until the end. (Fig) l19 .. spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the piston rods are rigidly arranged e.g. welded on, provided with a through hole, supporting the pipe walls Intermediate bodies are guided through which the individual piston cavities in two Parts are divided, only a part of which is provided with clamping means. 120 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the last and / or first clamping space with a rigid or movable Closing body is complete. (Fig. 30 and 31) 12Jo spaceship after at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closure body has a longitudinal hole for the passage of a rod.-122.- spaceship after at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable closure body at the end of the clamping tube pressed against an upstream body by the clamping device is. 123, spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the upstream body is attached to a piston rod which as a pull rod pulls it against the clamping body with the force of the clamping device. 124, spacecraft according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that by rigidly at both ends of a clamping means F cavity arranged closing body, the parts of the clamping tube bounding the clamping space put in longitudinal tension according to the force of the tensioning device. 125. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that with only one movable closing body this against the adjacent Body is pressed without a longitudinal tension of the pipe takes place. 126 .. spaceship. according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that there is a filling opening for each individual clamping space. 127 .. spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that a solid rotatable, e.g. cylindrical, filling body arranged with longitudinal recesses in the interior of the clamping tube for the filling opening is. 128. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims marked that in the filling opening a, e.g. screwable (removable) Filling tube is inserted. 129. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the actuating means for rotating the cylindrical filling body from the outside, are arranged and thus open the cylindrical body into the positions and close can be rotated. 13e spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that transverse slot openings are provided in the tube through the rods or the like. Engage in transverse bores of the cylindrical rotating body and the required Rotate to open and close. 131. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the clamping tube consists of two concentrically interconnected Pipes are combined, leaving an annular space between the spans. 132. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the annular cavity is rigid at both ends, for example by welding the rings on the outer tube, is closed and the outer tube through the clamping device is excited. 133., spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the inner clamping tube has at least one movable closure body has and is not stretched in the longitudinal direction, but rather by assigned to the ends, Bodies to be pressed, e.g. ceiling and / or floor, the clamping device a transverse pressure exerts that through the tensioning means of the outer tube at least partially in the counterpressure is compensated. l3 .. spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the inner clamping tube is rigidly attached at both ends Rings to the outside that firmly hold the annular ends of the outer tube on both sides cover and from the clamping means of the annular cavity via its closure ring body are pressed outwards, whereby the inner tube is in longitudinal tension through the outer tube is offset, regardless of the purpose of the cavity of the inner tube. l5. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that two clamping tubes are connected in the longitudinal direction by a pin and the pin has a longitudinal bore through which a rod, e.g. Piston rod protrudes through the one rigidly attached end of the pin with this is firmly connected and the other rod end of the piston in the other Clamping tube is tightened by clamping means, the pin fully into this other clamping tube pushes in and the two clamping tubes against each other with the force of the clamping device presses. (Fig. 32) 136 .. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the piston rod of a movable piston mif; clamping means in the clamping cavity between the piston and a rigid closing body is firmly connected to the floor in a tension tube, e.g. in a support, and that The clamping tube (support) is pressed against the floor with the force of the clamping device. (Fig. 31 Jnd32) 137.. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the clamping means in a strut (an inclined Clamping tube) with movable closing body and angled cut of the outwardly protruding Part of the closure body against other bodies, e.g. a vertical support the strut press and thus support a beam associated with the support against icing. (Fig. 32-138th. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the strut with the beam and / or the support by piston with Piston rod is firmly connected and the strut in diagonal pulling direction through the clamping devices with their inclined strut ends against the support and the beam, this supporting, is pressed. 139. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the strut has at its ends extensions which in Engage parts of the beam and the support. 14o spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the piston rod is a tube which, instead of a rod, the performs the same functions. 141. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in this tube (piston rod) another piston rod passes through is arranged, which thus performs a function independent of the tube. 142. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the rod arranged in the piston tube at both ends of the tube protrudes from this and has e.g. pistons at the ends. 143. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the clamping means in very specific units in the clamping spaces are entered and, these units of the substances very specific units to be released Contain energies. 144. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the tie rods, e.g., piston rods, are in an associated Cross bodies. 145. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that a second piston that communicates with another (former) piston crosses in a body to avoid mutual interference instead of a piston rod carries two piston rods on its piston head and these rods are laterally offset to the piston rod of the former piston run perpendicular to this. 14cr, spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the clamping plates are made of metal, in particular with bevelled edges Sheet metal plates, diagonally arranged clamping tubes in the corner parts of the edge folds have, through which the sheet metal plates are clamped diagonally. 147. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the corner parts of the folds of the clamping plates for receiving of clamping tubes, e.g. the diagonal clamping tubes, are designed so that they Tension the clamping plates both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction. 148. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that a corner insert body in the corner parts of the folded sheet metal plates is inserted, which the clamping tubes in the different directions, e.g. vertically and / or horizontally and / or diagonally. 149. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the clamping tubes of a sheet metal plate with the clamping tubes of neighboring Clamping plates are connected and the clamping plates are fixed with their edges are tightly pressed against each other and thus form a joint wind that is resistant to bending. 150. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the folds of the clamping plates according to this opposite Arrangement of the clamping tubes perforations or the like. Recesses for the passage of the piston rods or derql. own. 151., spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the clamping tubes are used to press the clamping plates against one another Adjacent clamping plates carry pistons whose piston rods are firmly attached to the clamping tubes the other clamping plate are connected and in the cavity between the piston and a rigid, e.g. welded, closure body in the clamping tube, which the Piston has clamping - middle 1, through which the piston in the direction away from the edge through which its piston stands, is moved and thus the two adjacent clamping tubes with the folds that are between them against each other be moved and pressed. 152., spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parts of the total cavity of the clamping tube delimited by the individual piston elements are pressure-tight and the spinning media are entered into the cavities one after the other, 153. Daurnschiff according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that with each filling a s / further clamping means in one of the still free subspaces, the total tension increases additively by each partial filling. 154. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized that {luBSiger hydrogen or liquid oxygen in a tube-like Hollow body is introduced, the reflective insulating layers with gaps (2Z) is enclosed. (Fig. 33) 155. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the reflective layers are foils (2), E.g. aluminum foils whose surfaces are reflective. 156. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the foils are arranged cylindrically and preferably under tension are. 157. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that between each two cylindrical foils (2) there is a space (3z) is in which there is a gas. 158. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the ends of the cylindrical film body (2) are open and the gases through this from one space (2z) into the next space (2z) are preferably moved according to the countercurrent principle. 159 .. (ship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that transverse disks (7a, 7b, 7a ', 7b', 12a, 12b, 12a ', 12b') to the ends of the foils (2) and spaces (2z) are arranged and airtight are formed under divided cavities (14 ', 14 ", 15, 15') and the partition ringc (19 and 16) the gas in the next following intermediate space (2z) in countercurrent direction to steer. 160. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the transverse disks have perforations (71-) or the like for fastening the spacer (3) and / or the foils (2) and / or with them connected clamping devices or the like. 161. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the transverse disks have perforations (7d) or the like for the passage of the gases from the spaces (2z). -162. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in the spaces (Zz) and other cavities (14, 15) and columns (10) or the like. There is a negative pressure. 1630. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the negative pressure is produced by a pump (22b). 164. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that there is an overpressure in the pipe (1). 165. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that valves (22a, 22c) are arranged. 166. - Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the pipe (1) has at least one insulated storage pipe is assigned, which is insulated in the same way as pipe (1). 167. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the gases in the spaces (2z) are the same substances as in the pipe (1) and the ingress of other gases, e.g. air, is prevented by valves is. 168. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that honeycomb-like perforated between the reflective foils (2) Plates are interposed. 169. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the gases in the spaces (2z) - after they have Heat and that of the foils have at least partially taken over - devices, Machines, pumps or other equipment are fed to the same Restore the energy state as in the pipe (1). 17o. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that tube (1) outlet openings or tubes with valves (la) or the like possesses in predetermined distances, which at temperature and / or Pressure change will open automatically and small amounts of the substance in the subsequent -Let the space (2z) flow out. 171. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that due to the pressure gradient between the overpressure in the pipe (1) and negative pressure in the interspaces (2z) the liquid substance in the gaseous State is shifted and then the evaporation heat is withdrawn for this purpose from the insulation system will. 172. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the insulation system is cooled by removing the heat of vaporization will. 173. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the gases previously in the interstices (2z) of be displaced by the new gases. 174. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that a pump (22b) is operative to discharge the gases. 175. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the final transverse disks (7) have recesses (7d), through which the gases move from one space to the next space can be moved on. 176 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that to form cavities (14, 15) at a distance from the Querscheibei further disks (12) follow. Through which the cavities are formed and be hermetically sealed. 7? 77 Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the carbonic acid in solid or liquid or dissolved state is supplied to the fuel gas or the combustion chamber. 178. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the fuel gases through a Laval nozzle or through a Daniell's nozzle Tap g52) have been entered into the combustion chamber. 179. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that carbon dioxide and / or carbon powder in a certain proportion are mixed with the fuel gases. 180. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized that the entered carbon dioxide in the combustion chamber in the gaseous State is offset and due to the high explosive heat of the water gas and the high pressure generated the carbon monoxide with the added carbon powder converts into carbon monoxide with twice the volume according to the equation: CO2 + C = 2CO 181. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the double-shell spaceship (1'a, 1'b) existing cavity (22 ', 22's, 22 "s) by reflective separators (62' and 62's) as an energy carrier is divided into a multitude of spaces, the connected to the cavities (22 ') of other structural elements, e.g. by pipes (3', 5 ', 7') are and thus together a cycle of the air moving in them or other Allow gases that experience an energy change through the separating elements and this change to another substance or body, e.g. water, or water-steam or helium, which is in another place, transmits. 182. Rauschiff according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that at least part of the water-steam describes a cycle, which is coordinated with the cycle of air or another gas and the energy change in the air transfers to the water, which transfers this change to its Environment, e.g. on the air of a living room, directly or indirectly, e.g. via an intermediate wall (ob) transmits. 183. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized that the energy change of the air in order to increase the energy of a heat pump (P102) by compressing the air or another gas in a chamber (12 ') takes place through which both the air circuit and the water circuit goes through and the energy increase given to the air by the heat pump as well as that previously existed through the transfer of the interface energy difference The increase in energy in the air is taken over by water with a lower energy content and is moved on to its destination (temperature increase, hot water, heating water and the like). 184. Ralim ship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the energy; reduction of the air by the separating elements (62 ', 62's) to reduce the energy from a "cold pump" (suction pump) and possibly also from a refrigeration machine (or Refrigeration device) by creating a negative pressure in the air in the Chamber (12 ') and / or by gasification or evaporation of low-boiling substances takes place in the same or in a different chamber and at least through one chamber The air and water cycles are coordinated, with the evaporating, low-boiling substances are arranged separately to the circuits, however over solid intermediate materials carry out the energy change of the air, which in turn transmits this change to the water in the pipe coils or the like. 185. Spaceship. according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the two circuits (e.g. air and water) under optimal Design of the contact surfaces, preferably in countercurrent, the exchange of energy pull full. 186. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the pressure of the air in the common air-water chamber (12 ') is subject to periodic changes, e.g. by a pump, and an increase or lowering the temperature of the air in the chamber. 187 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the air and the water in the chamber (12 ') after mutual Change in their energy content can be moved further in the cycle. 188. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the circuits of the water passed through a reservoir are, from which they the water with its energy content changed in a predetermined way obtained by suction and / or pressure, e.g. by upstream or downstream pumps. 189. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that those provided with heating elements for heating or cooling Building ceiling and floors with double vertical room walls (l'a, 1 'b) their Exchange radiations and the walls of the room via the arranged in their cavities (22 ',) reflective separating layers (62 ') compensate for this by circulating the air favor and accelerate the energy. 19o. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that a connecting pipe is used to return the water to the chamber (12 ') (101) with pump (102) and valves (103, .104) via pipe (17 ') and valve (18') is arranged and through the chamber (12 ') the temperature of the water the original Temperature that the water had when it left the chamber (12 '), again through energy exchange with the air is restored. 191. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that circuits are delimited and operated by valves and pumps are that in multiple successions from circuit to circuit in stages an increase or decrease in energy of the moving material1 e.g. the air or the water. 192. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that several circuits are combined with one another. 193. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the enernie changes of the gases generated by the pressure pumps respectively. the air to change the energy of liquids, e.g. water, to serve. 194. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the overpressure generated by a pressure pump (P20) of at least Another pump is used to supply the air and water with energy. 195. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims - - Characterized in that when a predetermined temperature is reached one Substance, e.g. air or water, thermostats automatically valves and pumps move, e.g. a previously blocked material, which then moves. 196. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the water of a reservoir (15'b) is circulated through an air-water chamber (15 ') is performed to restore the predetermined water temperature in the reservoir (15'a). 197. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that at least one inlet reservoir] (15'a) and one return reservoir (15'b) are assigned to the chamber (12 '). 198. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the main water supply pipes (508) to the water bodies (51, 54) receive their water from an inlet water reservoir (15'a) and to inlet pipes (505,) pass on. 199. -Raumschjff according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in the water bodies (51, 54) the consumed water in the water main drainage is pipes (503) and these the water "to Reprocessing "(temper. tur-change) to the associated chamber (12 '). 200. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the shells (61 ') have rigid panels, strips (68') inside have, on which di separating layers (62) are arranged. (Fig. 40) 201 Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the rigid plates or the like. Are attached to ceilings (46) and floors (46 "). 202. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims This indicates that the sleeves (61 ') and / or the separating layers (62') are also resilient Ceiling parts and / or floor parts are connected. 203. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that all edge parts of the separating layers (63 ') apart from predetermined ones Air gaps, which are formed in places by the separating layers, with the shell (61 ') or parts of the cavity (22') are finally connected. (Fig. 40 1 204. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that between shell (61 ') and body of water (54', 51 ') or inner shell (i'b) There is cavity (55 '), the walls of which are preferably coated with reflective foils and the cavity can be filled with e.g. aluminum wrinkle foil. 205. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the water pipes (507 ', 508') between the water bodies (51 ', 54 ') and the inner shell (1'b) are arranged. (Fig. 40 206. Spaceship after at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that with the circuits the air, location-based water cycles are coordinated. 207. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the air in all interstices (66 ') of the separating layers (62') is moved in the same direction, e.g. from top to bottom. (Fig4.O 208. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the (zuer pipes (5 'and 3') to the individual spaces between the separating layers (62 ') have perforations (5'a, 3'a) through which the moving air from the main access pipe (8 ') to the discharge pipe (7') moves. (Fig. 40) 209. Spaceship after at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air by pressure and suction is moving in the same direction and in the individual spaces (66 ') has the same speed. (Fig. 40) 21o. Spaceship after at least one of the above Claims characterized in that the air speed is adjustable, e.g. through thermostats. 211. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the ceiling and floor parts above and below the separating layers (62 ') and / or the shell (61') are at least two-shelled and have air channels and recesses or openings in particular to the spaces (66 ') be seated. (Fig. 40.) 212. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the separating layers (62 ') alternately above or below recesses (L) or the like. Have air passages through which the moving air is forced to snake to move up and down from the first to the last space (66 '), 213 Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the air is moved in the direction from top to bottom to the outer shell (1'a) (Fig. 40 ). 214. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the temperature of the surroundings of a building is higher than that corresponds to the optimal indoor temperature for work spaces and for regulation (reduction) the temperature of the air circulation via a vacuum chamber (12 ') with a suction pump (P10 ') and / or a cooling device or cooling machine (K20) is performed, after which the air cooled in this way into the cavities (22 ', 66') of the double-shell walls (1'a, 1'b) this is cooled and moved in a constant cycle. 215. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized that by switching elements, valves and the like. A heat pump (or Cooling pump) and / or cooling devices or cooling machines individually optionally in the cycle of air and / or water switched on or switched off from this will. 216. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that air dilution (relaxation) takes place by suction pumps, through which the air. Temperature is reduced. 217. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the by the cooling devices or refrigerating machines or the like. Cooled air cools water pipes and the chilled water Feed reservoir (15'a,). 218. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized that outside temperature or shell temperature according to the change which the circuits can be switched in opposite directions. 219 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that two chambers (15 ', 71) and their associated suction and pressure pumps are coordinated with each other, one of which is a cooling of the air and the Water accomplishes and the other a warming. 220, spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims. characterized in that the cavity of the clamping body z. B. clamping tube preferably age-resistant and gas-tight as well as elastic with a film z. B. a movie Plastic is coated. 221. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in the cavity of the clamping body or clamping tube age-resistant gas-tight elastic hose z. B. made of rubber-like plastic with an outwardly projecting airtight valve tube 165 with valve 165 'for receiving compressed gases z. B. compressed air or hydrogen gas, helium gas, Nitrogen or the like. With a predetermined optional pressure by means of pumps or the like. is introduced. (Figure) 222. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that the closing bodies 162a 162b or 162'a, 162'b can be inserted and removed again at the ends of the cavity, e.g. B. relocatable by pins screw thread or the like. 223 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the tubes are two-ply and the layers with each other are glued, so that if one layer is destroyed, the other the hose tightness holds upright overall. 224. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that mechanical elements such. B.-movable Pistons with piston rods are introduced and previously hoses into this cavity laterally to the piston rods between a preceding piston head and the following one Piston head are arranged, each of these hoses running parallel to one another has its own valve tube with valve. (See figure 225 spaceship after at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that through the cavities Pull ropes or the like. Arranged between pressure hoses running parallel to them are. 226. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims -characterized in that the closure body or other separating body in the cavity Use seals to prevent the cavity from leaking. 227. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the valve tubes are connected to one another to form a plurality of cavities are to inflate their hoses or the like. Simultaneously from a pump. 228. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the rigid closure body or movable body have holes in the cavity through which the ropes, rods or the like. B. be pulled by movable insert bodies can move through. 229. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that opposite to the rigid insert bodies on the other End of the casing tubes or the like. A movable one; Intermediate body arranged is that the ropes, rods or the like. Under the pressure of the compressed gas moves and excites. 230. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the tubes are filled with an expansive substance. B. a gas., 231. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that free to the outer composite layer plates between spaces or fine channels, pipes or the like. For the circulation of cooling gases are arranged to prevent a comparison of the outer shell of the spaceship. Fiour 232. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the outer composite layer plates (outer jacket) with tension on the framework are arranged. Figure 233 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the free spaces between the reflective Foils of the inner shell are used for the passage of gases through which the insulation the manned rooms in the spaceship enable uniform air conditioning. 234. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that f the load-bearing frame parts for receiving secondary load-bearing parts Pipes or the like, support means, e.g. U-shaped elements. Figure 235. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer composite layer panels, in particular their plastic foils with fibers, e.g. glass fibers or plastic fibers and / or carbon fibers are reinforced. 236 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that 'the layers of aluminum sheet, and aramid-reinforced epoxy resins exist. 237. I spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that these and the plastic layers with fibers (Kevelar), e.g. carbon fibers are reinforced. Jts. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the aramid is used in the form of fibers. 239. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the surface reinforcements are reinforced with paper-like aramid honeycomb-like panels exist. 240. ship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the outer skin or outer layer surfaces are arranged aerodynamically are. 241. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the surface of the outer wall (composite layer) is made of a titanium foil is formed. 242. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that at least a part of the outer jacket consists of a textile-like Material consisting of a thin stainless steel cover in a resin medium (Word protection "Panitex") is provided. 243. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized that there are free spaces behind the skin, e.g. in the form of plastic pipes exist, in which the gases or the air during flight through openings in the skin flows through the skin at a reduced speed (less friction) cools from the back. 244. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the scaffolding ceiling is spherically cantilevered e.g. hemispherical or tunnel elf? rmia. 245. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the top of the spaceship is added to the ceiling structure of the scaffolding forming additional lace construction is arranged. 246. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that at least a part of the outer jacket consists of a textile-like one Material is made with a thin coating of stainless steel in a resin medium (Word protection panedex) is provided. 247. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that free spaces behind the skin z. B. in the form of; 'Plastic pipes exist, in which the gases or the air during flight through openings in the skin flows through at reduced speed (lower friction) and cools the skin from its back. > 48. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the scaffolding ceiling is constructed to be cantilevered in the shape of a dome is. > 49. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the top of the ceiling structure of the framework of the spaceship forming additional Spitzenkonstru ction is arranged. 250. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the space structure is designed as a circular building. 251. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space construction is carried out as a tunnel construction 252. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Scaffolding made of tensioning tubes that are connected to one another by connecting bodies, consists. 253. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting body is at least partially made up of pipe pieces consists. 254. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping tubes are tensioned in an arched manner. 255. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensioning tubes carry curved tubes in their interior. 256. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the linear tubes are stretched by the curved tubes are. 257. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that compression springs are angeord zet in the tubes, which at Their compression increase their diameter and support the pipe walls. 258. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressures of substances e.g. gases in a tensioning tube of concentrically assigned further tubes with corresponding annular clamping cavities, gradually decreasing towards the outside, can be taken over (Figure 30 a and b). 259. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized that the sleeves, hoses or the like. With gas-tight holes for gas-tight passage of e.g. pull ropes, pull rods or the like. 26o. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that at least the outer walls of the spaceship are made of multilayered Composite panels consist, for example, of an outer metal foil followed by plastic foils various properties, especially high heat resistance and strength, through which layers the spaceship against the solar wind and the cosmic rays of the sky and other u. the people the spaceship endangering forces is protected. 261. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the parts and elements, in particular pipes and connecting bodies, of which the framework is composed, of aluminum alloys, e.g. Aluminum-lithium alloy. 262 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that magnesium and / or copper are also added to the alloy is. 263 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby characterized in that the supporting framework is between an outer composite panel shell (Jacket) and an inner layer serving for insulation, e.g. consisting of a plurality of reflective foils and free spaces between them, is arranged. 264. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the connecting body with the clamping tubes by angled Peg is connected. 265. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the connecting body with the clamping tubes by T-shaped pins is connected (Figure 18 a). 266. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that each leg of the pin in or on the pipe section of the connecting body is arranged, while the associated other leg in or over the end of the to be fastened clamping tube is pushed. 267. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the attachment by inserting pins, bolts, or die the like in pre-drilled holes of the Sparin pipes and / or the connecting body and / or the connecting pin takes place. 268. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the connecting means, e.g., pins, bolts or the like are prevented from becoming detached, e.g. by clamping, snapping into place or in some other way. 269. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the journal leg arranged on the connecting body is attached between 2 pieces of pipe. 270. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the journal leg arranged on the connecting body is arranged in the central pipe section (Figure 16). 271. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting body is a cast body in different Directions has extensions for the arrangement of clamping tubes (Figure 1). 272. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the connecting body has upper and lower perforated discs, for receiving the journal legs. (Figure 26/27). 273. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting body or the pin fastened in the tensioned with ropes, tension rods or the like with the spacer tubes in connection are. 2740 spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tension by tying means in conjunction with movable bodies takes place. 275. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that pipe inserts in the support pipe in the area of the connecting body are classified (Figures 17 and 18). 276. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a material to be compressed (637) e.g. is introduced in a liquid state at high pressure and from several directions by suitable mechanical means e.g. pistons (Figure 635 ') with piston rods (Figure 635) violent shock pulses occur, through which the fabric a further compression in the area of the piston rod path (Figure 42). 277. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement of the piston rods through explosive expanding means against the piston head (Figure 635 ') takes place. 278. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ignition of the explosive substances (Figure 640 a) in the same Point in time. 279. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the direction of impact of all piston rods on a common Point between them is directed, in which all shock impulses add up (Fig. 42), 280. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that projectile devices are arranged in the spaceship for firing projectiles, e.g. for the destruction of meteors, asteroids and the like or for detection from earth deposits e.g. oil by shock impulses, (Fig. 41). 281. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projectiles behind the front part (Figure 601 ') have a have funnel-shaped cavity (Figure 602) for receiving explosives, its Tip is directed backwards. 282. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projectile parts in front of the cave (Figure 602), e.g. the headboard (Figure 601 '). by the ignited explosives under grant be torn off by a shock impulse. (Figure 41). 283. Spaceship according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of consecutive cavities are arranged that are ignited one after the other in time from back to front. (Figure 41a).