EP3004793B1 - Protection device for clearing explosives, and method for the controlled detonation of an explosive - Google Patents
Protection device for clearing explosives, and method for the controlled detonation of an explosive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3004793B1 EP3004793B1 EP14726157.2A EP14726157A EP3004793B1 EP 3004793 B1 EP3004793 B1 EP 3004793B1 EP 14726157 A EP14726157 A EP 14726157A EP 3004793 B1 EP3004793 B1 EP 3004793B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- explosive
- support structure
- water basin
- water
- film
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
- F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
- F42D5/045—Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
- E04H4/0018—Easily movable or transportable swimming pools
- E04H4/0025—Easily movable or transportable swimming pools with inflatable parts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a protective device for the ordnance clearance of explosive devices by defusing or demolition.
- the invention also provides a method for the controlled detonation of an explosive device and the use of a mobile water basin as a protective device.
- a major problem is to eliminate explosives as possible without personal injury and property damage, which usually comes to a disarming by deactivating a detonator or a controlled detonation into consideration.
- the explosive device is also transported away if it can be transported either very small and thus relatively securely encapsulated and if defusing is not possible and a blast at the site would result in major consequential damage.
- the appropriate type of evacuation depends essentially on the size and structure of the explosive device.
- WO 2005/090897 A1 a tunnel-shaped protector that can be placed over a vehicle and that has at least one layer of water-filled cushions.
- this protective device can not withstand an explosion, much of the energy is absorbed by the water in the cushions.
- the relatively large mass of water is accelerated, so that the explosive energy is converted to a considerable extent in kinetic energy, but the water itself can usually do no significant damage.
- the water also has a very large heat capacity, whereby a further part of the explosion energy is absorbed by an increase in temperature or evaporation of the water.
- the water released during the explosion also has a quenching function.
- a similar construction is also from the WO 2005/040714 A1 known.
- a side formed of water pillows flexible barrier is from the WO 2005/090898 A1 known.
- the individual water-fillable cushions are hinged together, so that the protective device can be arranged for example in a semicircle around an explosive device or a suspect object.
- Such a mobile protective device is particularly suitable for small explosive devices.
- GB 2 379 946 B EP 1 368 548 B1 .
- the protective measures described are suitable for small to medium size explosive devices, because with increasing size and larger fluid-filled cushions must be provided, which are difficult to handle in practice. For the clearance of explosive devices with a relatively large explosive force, the measures described are not suitable.
- the specification of the explosive force is usually in kilograms or tons TNT, with other explosives are to be converted with a suitable correction factor.
- the dud may be defused or completely exploded if possible by blasting the detonator.
- the environment is fully evacuated and secured as well as possible.
- a major challenge in controlled demolition is that the explosive energy should be reduced as possible without too much consequential damage. It is known to pile up protective walls of sand and to cover the explosive device by an insulation. When using straw bales as Damping material, however, there is a risk that this ignites and sets the environment on fire.
- the present invention seeks to provide an effective protection device for the ordnance clearance of explosive devices, in particular of unexploded ordnance with an explosive force of more than 50 kg TNT.
- the invention and the solution of the problem is the use of a mobile water basin as a protective device in the ordnance clearance of explosive devices by defusing or blowing according to claim 1.
- the pool has a circumferential support structure and a supported on the rotating support structure and an interior of the water basin limiting film.
- the term film also refers to tarpaulins and fabric films which have, for example, a fabric layer or another textile layer which is coated or laminated with plastic.
- Crucial is the function that the film can be easily laid due to their flexibility and is sufficiently waterproof.
- the support structure is adaptable in shape and formed from non-rigid components.
- components such as rods made of rigid materials for the formation of the support structure are to be avoided, which - especially in a strong detonation - can be accelerated itself and then act like a projectile, wherein in a supporting structure formed from rods according to the prior art, the stability and Load capacity can be lost immediately in the event of breakage of a rod.
- the support structure is adaptable in shape, can - as further described below - a particularly simple and tailored to the particular needs adjustment done.
- a film is used, which not only easily handled due to their flexibility and can be stored on rollers or folded, but also laid variably to form different pelvic geometries can be so that the features mentioned unfold a particularly advantageous combinatorial effect.
- the use of the mobile water basin is carried out with the proviso that the water basin is constructed above or next to the explosive device with a vertical and / or horizontal distance and the interior of the water basin with liquid, especially water is filled.
- a protective device that is flexible in its shape is provided, which is open at the top or covered with a separate film or the like.
- the pool of water has it the structure of an artificial, mobile pond that can be set up at short notice.
- the support structure as a kind of wall of earth, sand or other comparable bulk materials.
- earthworks can often be performed only with a relatively large effort and appropriate construction equipment.
- the support structure can also be formed from a plurality of support bodies which are formed from non-rigid components or have a non-rigid consistency.
- support bodies such as bales of straw, which are preferably to keep moist to avoid a risk of fire, in particular supporting body into consideration, which have a filled with a volume material envelope of a flexible material.
- These generally include bags, cushions and tubes, which can be filled depending on the material of the shell with sand, soil, water or air as a bulk material.
- the circumferential support structure of at least one of flexible material and can be filled with a liquid hose is formed.
- the tube can be compactly stored in the unfilled, flattened state, easily transported and easily laid out.
- the shape of the mobile water basin can be chosen relatively freely. In addition to a geometrically uniform shape of a Rectangles, squares or circle can also be made depending on the circumstances of an adaptation to the available space. In particular, consideration can be given to adjacent buildings, the specifically required protection requirements or the like.
- the encircling support structure is necessary to obtain a circumferential boundary for the water.
- the circumferential support structure is formed of different elements.
- a plurality of pieces of hose can be provided around the circumference.
- the at least one hose that can be filled with liquid is designed in the desired shape, it can be filled, resulting in the encircling supporting structure. This results in contrast to the known from the prior art designs with cushions or chambers and the advantage that the encircling support structure depending on the arrangement not or at most locally damaged and thus can be recycled at least in large part.
- the water basin is arranged for a blast above the explosive device with a vertical distance, located above the explosive itself only the interior of the water basin limiting film, in which case the support structure itself is well protected.
- the water basin limiting film is usually rupture, wherein then water can also flow into the area of the explosive device and a crater formed by the detonation. A lateral outflow of water is prevented, however, if the support structure is maintained. Without an excessive impairment of the environment, the liquid still present in the water basin, that is to say in particular water, can then be pumped off.
- Suitable support structures are in particular DE 202 16 081 U1 and DE 203 20 986 U1 and are developed as non-stationary flood protection systems by Mosenteich GmbH, 24558 Henstedt-Ulzburg, Germany, and marketed by CENO Membrane Technology GmbH, 48268 Greven, Germany.
- hoses which can be filled with liquid
- the stability and the height of the supporting structure can be increased.
- two or preferably three juxtaposed flexible hoses can be provided as a module, which hoses are then expediently secured against slipping.
- an arrangement of two or three hoses arranged side by side can be provided with a circulating safety net.
- the filled with liquid tubes preferably have a diameter between 40 cm and 180 cm in the filled state. With a diameter of 150 cm and an arrangement of three tubes in a pyramid shape results in a stowage height of about 260 cm. Basically, it is expedient to anchor the support structure, regardless of the specific design with the ground to avoid uncontrolled slippage in the construction, filling or in the event of an explosion.
- the present invention is not limited to any particular type of explosive device.
- the use is particularly advantageous for the ordnance clearance of explosive devices which have an explosive force of more than 20 kg, preferably more than 50 kg of TNT.
- a reliable protection with the known from the prior art method in terms of the use of personnel and material is extremely expensive.
- the capacity of the water basin can be between 50 m 3 and 4000 m 3 .
- the filling of the water basin with the specified volume can be done relatively quickly in practice from hydrants, tankers or by means of pumps from a natural body of water.
- Another advantage is that the mobile pool can be set up quickly with a few helpers. In addition to the relatively low cost and relatively little effort resulting from the faster process management and a safety advantage because duds, which are discovered during construction, are exposed by the earth movements and shock significant additional loads, so that ultimately the risk of spontaneous auto-ignition is increased.
- the side length of the water basin may in particular be between 10 m and 40 m, preferably between 15 m and 25 m.
- the diameter is in particular between 15 m and 25 m.
- a non-regular shape can be selected on the basis of the particular circumstances in a particularly simple manner.
- the damming height of the water basin is preferably between 100 cm and 300 cm.
- the mobile pool is used as a protective device in the blasting of an explosive device, the pool is placed above the explosive device. It should be noted that the pool Completing the explosive upwards, so that the explosive effect in the soil or the subsoil is further enhanced. Basically, there may be the risk of considerable shocks and shifts of the soil, which also surrounding buildings or other technical equipment can be damaged.
- a distance is provided between the water basin and the explosive device, in which the ignition energy and the pressure wave can propagate to an extent at an ignition before the blasting energy is absorbed or converted by the water arranged above.
- a distance of 1 m to 10 m can be provided between the explosive device and the water basin.
- Aircraft bombs dropped from airplanes are often a few feet below ground due to the impact energy.
- the location of such a dud may also be significantly below the environmental level due to debris or previous earthworks.
- a pit is formed around the dud to expose it. If it then turns out during the assessment of the dud, that this can not be defused and a blast is required, the pit thus formed can also be used to arrange the pool at a vertical distance to the explosive device.
- the pit can be covered in particular with a supporting structure, which then carries the water basin and the water absorbed therein above the explosive device.
- the support structure may, in particular, have a multiplicity of rod-shaped elements which, however, preferably have only a slight hazard potential in the event of an explosion itself.
- wooden beams and / or paperboard sleeves such as those used as cores of paper rolls, carpets or the like, are suitable.
- this can also be filled with a harmless material.
- a stabilization can be achieved for example by a plastic foam, resulting in low costs for the support structure.
- the mobile water basin in a controlled demolition and use as a protective device in the defusing of explosive devices is possible.
- the water basin is then not arranged above, but usually laterally or around the explosive device.
- the previously kept free area within the internal support structure is also additionally provided with an internal water basin.
- a foil is then designed inside the inner support structure, with this area finally also being filled with water becomes. It is advantageous if a camera and a detonating cable have already been placed underneath the water basin between the inner supporting structure and the surrounding supporting structure and the water basin formed there, in order to provide controlled demolition, at least as an option from the outset.
- the arrangement of the water basin next to the explosive device at a defuse also a targeted protection of technical facilities or buildings is possible.
- a lateral arrangement of the water basin can also take place if the ordnance is to be cleared by blowing up. Such an approach is particularly suitable if protection is not required around the entire circumference of the location of the explosive device.
- a supporting structure can be erected in order to support the water basin at a distance from the explosive device. If the explosive device is not arranged in a pit which can be covered by the support structure, a suitable support structure must be constructed as a self-supporting device above the explosive device.
- the film defining the interior of the water basin can also be formed from a plurality of film strips by welding and / or gluing. It then results in the advantage that only suitable film strips must be kept ready on a roll, in which case the film of the mobile water basin can be generated as needed in the desired form by the connection of the film strips.
- the subject matter of the invention is also a protective device for the ordnance clearance of explosive devices by defusing or demolition, comprising a mobile water basin with a circumferential supporting structure which has a plurality of liquid-filled hoses made of flexible material and bounded by a support on the support structure and an interior of the water basin A film, wherein the water basin has a capacity of between 50 m 3 and 4000 m 3 and a supporting structure, which is provided for an arrangement between the water basin and the explosive device, to provide a distance between the explosive device and the water basin.
- Such a protective device may be kept at the disposal site for the disposal of ordnance.
- the support structure is formed of liquid-filled hoses, these hoses may also be provided for different purposes.
- these hoses can also according to the in the DE 202 16 081 U1 such as DE 203 20 986 U1 described use can be used as a flood protection system.
- competent emergency services merely have to provide the foil and the support structure as additional components.
- a controlled detonation it may be appropriate to attach multiple explosives to the explosive device if one of the explosive devices is inoperative or disengages from the explosive device. Just when a pool of water above the explosive device is provided as a precautionary measure according to the invention, this is no longer readily accessible if an explosive device attached thereto does not ignite.
- a camera can also be mounted on the explosive device or arranged next to the explosive device. With the camera can be checked whether the at least one intended for the ignition explosive device is still at the predetermined position and whether other changes, such as slipping of the pit have resulted.
- the Fig. 1a to 5b show the use of a mobile water tank 1 as a protective device in the ordnance clearance of explosive devices by detonation.
- the figures show individual consecutive sequences Steps, where the Fig. 1a to 5a a side view and the Fig. 1b to 5b represent a plan view.
- the use of the mobile water tank 1 is exemplified by the evacuation of a dud, who was found in the ground.
- a pit 3 is excavated around the explosive device 2, wherein the explosive device 2 is provided for its controlled blasting with at least one mounted explosive 4, which can be ignited from a distance.
- the explosive device 2 can also be provided with a camera and / or with other monitoring devices.
- the mobile water tank 1 consists of a circumferential support structure 5 and a supported on the rotating support structure 5 and bounded to the interior of the water tank 1 slide 6, in the Fig. 2a is still shown folded.
- the film 6 can also be provided on a roll or the like, in which case the film 6 is composed of individual film strips.
- the support structure 5 consists of three fluid-filled hoses 7 made of flexible material. These tubes 7 are placed in a pyramidal arrangement around the explosive device 2 and the pit 3, wherein a rectangular arrangement is shown by way of example. Since the hoses 7 are formed of a flexible material, any geometric shapes can be generated, which in particular can also be adapted to the environment. Contrary to the schematic representation of Fig. 2b are also at a substantially rectangular Arranged no sharp corners when continuous hoses 7 are used.
- hoses 7 are already shown in their expanded state.
- the tubes are preferably provided flat and unfilled and laid out before they are filled.
- Particularly suitable are flexible hoses 7, which are otherwise used as mobile dikes.
- the hoses 7 can not float because the water is present only on the inside and separated from the support structure 5 by the film 6.
- the hoses 7 can therefore be filled not only with water or another liquid but optionally also with air. Preferably, however, a filling with water is provided.
- the edge length of the water basin 1 may be on the outside of the support structure, for example between 10 m and 30 m, in particular between 15 m and 25 m.
- a support structure (above the explosive device 2 of rod-shaped elements 8) is provided (FIG. Fig. 3a and 3b ) is formed, with the later a distance between the film 6 and thus the interior of the water tank 1 on the one hand and the explosive device 2 on the other hand is provided. This space is required to avoid excessive force when blasting into the ground.
- the rod-shaped elements 8 may be, for example, wooden beams or preferably paperboard sleeves, which may also be filled with a suitable material, for example a plastic foam.
- a next step is then according to the Fig. 4a and 4b the film 6 is laid out over the pit 3 covered with the rod-shaped elements 8 with the explosive device 2 and the circumferential supporting structure 5, the interior space then being filled with water 9.
- the water 9 allows for a detonation of the explosive device 2 effective protection and conversion of the energy released into kinetic energy and thermal energy by evaporation or heating of the water.
- Fig. 5a and 5b can optionally be provided on the surface of the water 9, an additional cover 10, which is to hold back in an explosion of the explosive device 2 by the water 9 braked fragments and splinters.
- Such an additional cover 10 can either be pulled over the support structure 5 or designed to be floating.
- the Fig. 6a to 8b show the use of a mobile water tank 1 as a protective device in the ordnance clearance of explosive devices 2 by defusing, in which case according to the Fig. 6a and 6b around the explosive device 2, a pit 3 is formed.
- the structure of the water tank 1 is essentially as previously in connection with the Fig. 1a to 5b described, but the water tank 1 but according to the Fig. 7a and 7b is arranged laterally of the explosive device 2.
- the water tank 1 can be provided, for example, to specifically protect particularly vulnerable facilities.
- Fig. 6a to 8b are exemplified to be protected facilities railway tracks 11, in particular, the structures on the railway track 11 as overhead lines or the like, a considerable risk of damage are assumed. Especially in the case of an overhead line damage, considerable damage can result beyond the damage location itself.
- a motorway passing the place of discovery may be blocked during defuse, it usually does not require any additional security measures.
- the pool can be dismantled and stored for reuse. Even with a blast, at least the support structure 5 can usually be reused, resulting in low overall costs.
- Fig. 9a to 11b show an alternative use of the mobile water tank 1 as a safety device in the ordnance clearance of explosive devices 2 by defusing, wherein the water tank 1 is arranged annularly around the pit 3 with the explosive device 2.
- an internal support structure 13 is constructed, which is also formed from a plurality of hoses 7.
- the film 6 is then clamped in the constructed water basin 1 between the inner support structure 13 and the outer support structure 5.
- the pit 3 is then accessible, for example, with a boat 14.
- the outer circumference of the water basin 1, which is defined by the outer support structure 5, may be correspondingly larger, wherein the water basin 1 may have, for example, an edge length between 20 m and 50 m.
- Fig. 9a to 11b should be done defusing the explosive device 2. If, however, then a defusing turns out to be impossible or too dangerous, alternatively, a controlled detonation of the explosive device can be provided.
- rod-shaped elements 8 to cover the pit 3 by rod-shaped elements 8.
- explosive cables and other lines, such as a camera are conveniently laid before the construction of the outer water tank 1, so that subsequently there is at least the option of blowing up the explosive device 2 in an emergency.
- Damage to the inner support structure 13 is in a decided only afterwards with a controlled detonation according to Fig. 12 to accept. If the inner support structure 13 is formed by simple hoses according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is only a small risk potential, even if parts of the inner support structure 13 are thrown away during the blasting. However, even this risk is low due to the existing water on both sides 9.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Schutzeinrichtung für die Kampfmittelräumung von Sprengkörpern durch Entschärfung oder Sprengung. Gegenstand der Erfindung sind auch ein Verfahren zur kontrollierten Sprengung eines Sprengkörpers sowie die Verwendung eines mobilen Wasserbeckens als Schutzeinrichtung.The present invention relates to a protective device for the ordnance clearance of explosive devices by defusing or demolition. The invention also provides a method for the controlled detonation of an explosive device and the use of a mobile water basin as a protective device.
Die Beseitigung von Sprengkörpern stellt in der Praxis eine erhebliche Herausforderung dar, wobei sowohl im zivilen als auch im militärischen Umfeld entsprechend spezialisierte Eingreifkräfte eingesetzt werden. Ein wesentliches Problem besteht darin, Sprengkörper möglichst ohne Personen- und Sachschäden zu beseitigen, wozu in der Regel eine Entschärfung durch Deaktivierung eines Zünders oder eine kontrollierte Sprengung in Betracht kommen. In Einzelfällen erfolgt auch ein Abtransport des Sprengkörpers, wenn dieser entweder sehr klein und damit relativ sicher gekapselt transportiert werden kann und wenn eine Entschärfung nicht möglich ist und eine Sprengung an dem Fundort große Folgeschäden nach sich ziehen würde.The removal of explosive devices poses a significant challenge in practice, with specialized intervention forces deployed in both the civilian and military environments. A major problem is to eliminate explosives as possible without personal injury and property damage, which usually comes to a disarming by deactivating a detonator or a controlled detonation into consideration. In individual cases, the explosive device is also transported away if it can be transported either very small and thus relatively securely encapsulated and if defusing is not possible and a blast at the site would result in major consequential damage.
Die geeignete Art der Räumung hängt wesentlich von der Größe und dem Aufbau des Sprengkörpers ab.The appropriate type of evacuation depends essentially on the size and structure of the explosive device.
Bei kleineren Sprengkörpern ist es bekannt, diese mit einer Schutzhülle zu umgeben, welche die bei einer Explosion freigesetzte Energie zumindest teilweise aufnimmt und umlenkt. Abhängig von dem Sprengkörper und dem Fundort erfolgt entweder eine seitliche oder auch eine vollständige Abschirmung des Sprengkörpers. Dabei ist es aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, um Sprengkörper oder um Gegenstände wie Fahrzeuge, die möglicherweise mit einem Sprengkörper versehen sind, Schutzeinrichtungen aus mit Wasser oder einer anderen Flüssigkeit gefüllten Kissen anzuordnen.For smaller explosive devices, it is known to surround them with a protective cover, which at least partially absorbs and redirects the energy released during an explosion. Depending on the explosive device and the location, either a lateral or a complete shielding of the explosive device takes place. It is known from the prior art to explosive devices or to arrange items such as vehicles, which may be equipped with an explosive device, protective devices made of cushions filled with water or other liquid.
So beschreibt die
Eine seitliche aus Wasserkissen gebildete flexible Absperrung ist aus der
Weitere Schutzeinrichtungen mit wassergefüllten Kissen oder Kammern sind aus
Allerdings ist auch bekannt, dass Wasser als Barriere gemäß der
Die beschriebenen Schutzmaßnahmen sind für kleine bis allenfalls mittelgroße Sprengkörper geeignet, weil mit zunehmender Größe auch immer größere mit Flüssigkeit gefüllte Kissen bereitgestellt werden müssen, die in der Praxis nur schwer zu handhaben sind. Für die Räumung von Sprengsätzen mit einer vergleichsweise großen Sprengkraft sind die beschriebenen Maßnahmen nicht geeignet. Die Angabe der Sprengkraft erfolgt üblich in Kilogramm oder Tonnen TNT, wobei andere Sprengstoffe mit einem geeigneten Korrekturfaktor umzurechnen sind.The protective measures described are suitable for small to medium size explosive devices, because with increasing size and larger fluid-filled cushions must be provided, which are difficult to handle in practice. For the clearance of explosive devices with a relatively large explosive force, the measures described are not suitable. The specification of the explosive force is usually in kilograms or tons TNT, with other explosives are to be converted with a suitable correction factor.
Aus der
In der Praxis stellt insbesondere die Räumung von Blindgängern in Form von Sprengbomben eine sehr große Herausforderung dar. So wurden beispielsweise bei Bombardierungen im zweiten Weltkrieg tausende von Bomben über Großstädten abgeworfen, von denen etwa 10 % bis 20 % nicht zündeten, so dass diese heute noch im Erdreich vorhanden sind und regelmäßig bei Baumaßnahmen entdeckt werden. Gemäß Schätzungen ist alleine für Deutschland mit etwa 200.000 bis 400.000 noch vorhandenen Blindgängern zu rechnen.In practice, in particular, the evacuation of unexploded ordnance in the form of explosive bombs is a very great challenge. For example, during World War II bombing thousands of bombs were dropped on major cities, of which about 10% to 20% did not ignite, so they still today are present in the ground and are regularly discovered during construction. According to estimates alone for Germany with about 200,000 to 400,000 still existing unexploded ordnance can be expected.
Abhängig von dem Fundort eines solchen Blindgängers werden verschiedene Optionen zur Räumung geprüft. Wenn eine Entschärfung nicht problemlos durchgeführt werden kann, erfolgt in der Regel eine Abwägung zwischen den bei einem Entschärfungsversuch einerseits und einer Sprengung andererseits auftretenden Gefahren. Wenn ein solcher Blindgänger beispielsweise auf dem freien Feld aufgefunden wird, kann dieser in einigen Fällen ohne Weiteres gesprengt werden. In einem dicht besiedelten Stadtgebiet wird dagegen versucht, den Sprengkörper möglichst zu entschärfen, wobei es immer wieder zu tödlichen Unfällen der Entschärfer kommt.Depending on the location of such a dud, various options for eviction are examined. If a defusing can not be carried out without problems, a balance is usually drawn between the dangers which occur during a defusing attempt on the one hand and a blast on the other hand. If such a dud is found, for example, in the open field, it can be easily blown up in some cases. In a densely populated urban area, on the other hand, an attempt is made to defuse the explosive device as much as possible, with fatal accidents being repeatedly committed by the defrauder.
Wenn eine Entschärfung als nicht möglich oder zu gefährlich eingestuft wird, wird der Blindgänger am Fundort wenn möglich durch ein Absprengen des Zünders entschärft oder vollständig zur Explosion gebracht. In beiden Fällen wird die Umgebung vollständig evakuiert und möglichst gut gesichert. Eine große Herausforderung besteht bei der kontrollierten Sprengung darin, dass die Sprengenergie möglichst ohne zu große Folgeschäden abgebaut werden soll. Dabei ist es bekannt, Schutzwälle aus Sand aufzuschütten und den Sprengkörper durch eine Dämmung abzudecken. Bei dem Einsatz von Strohballen als Dämmmaterial besteht jedoch die Gefahr, dass sich dieses entzündet und die Umgebung in Brand setzt.If defusing is considered impossible or too dangerous, the dud may be defused or completely exploded if possible by blasting the detonator. In both cases, the environment is fully evacuated and secured as well as possible. A major challenge in controlled demolition is that the explosive energy should be reduced as possible without too much consequential damage. It is known to pile up protective walls of sand and to cover the explosive device by an insulation. When using straw bales as Damping material, however, there is a risk that this ignites and sets the environment on fire.
Abhängig von dem konkreten Fundort des Blindgängers sowie der Möglichkeit einer Absicherung ist eine Evakuierung der Umgebung vorzunehmen, wobei häufig ein Sicherheitsabstand von mehreren hundert Metern gefordert wird. Die damit verbundenen Kosten und volkswirtschaftlichen Schäden sind erheblich, so dass grundsätzlich eine Verbesserung der Sicherungsmaßnahmen und eine damit gerechtfertigte Verkleinerung des Sicherheitsabstandes angestrebt wird.Depending on the specific location of the unexploded ordnance and the possibility of a hedge evacuation of the environment is to be made, often a safety distance of several hundred meters is required. The associated costs and economic losses are considerable, so that in principle an improvement in the security measures and a justified reduction in the safety margin is sought.
Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine effektive Schutzeinrichtung für die Kampfmittelräumung von Sprengkörpern, insbesondere von Blindgängern mit einer Sprengkraft von mehr als 50 kg TNT anzugeben.Against this background, the present invention seeks to provide an effective protection device for the ordnance clearance of explosive devices, in particular of unexploded ordnance with an explosive force of more than 50 kg TNT.
Gegenstand der Erfindung und Lösung der Aufgabe ist die Verwendung eines mobilen Wasserbeckens als Schutzeinrichtung bei der Kampfmittelräumung von Sprengkörpern durch Entschärfen oder Sprengung gemäß Patentanspruch 1. Das Wasserbecken weist eine umlaufende Tragstruktur und eine an der umlaufenden Tragstruktur abgestützte und einen Innenraum des Wasserbeckens begrenzende Folie auf. Als Folie werden im Rahmen der Erfindung auch Planen und Gewebefolien bezeichnet, die beispielsweise eine Gewebeschicht oder eine andere textile Schicht aufweisen, welche mit Kunststoff beschichtet bzw. kaschiert ist. Ausschlaggebend ist die Funktion, dass die Folie aufgrund ihrer Flexibilität leicht verlegt werden kann und ausreichend wasserdicht ist.The invention and the solution of the problem is the use of a mobile water basin as a protective device in the ordnance clearance of explosive devices by defusing or blowing according to
Erfindungsgemäß ist dabei vorgesehen, dass die Tragstruktur in ihrer Form anpassbar und aus nicht starren Komponenten gebildet ist. Insbesondere sind Komponenten wie Stangen aus starren Materialien für die Bildung der Tragstruktur zu vermeiden, welche - insbesondere bei einer starken Detonation - selbst beschleunigt werden können und dann wie ein Geschoss wirken, wobei bei einer aus Stangen gebildeten Tragstruktur gemäß den Stand der Technik die Stabilität und Tragfähigkeit bereits bei dem Bruch einer Stange unmittelbar verloren gehen können.According to the invention it is provided that the support structure is adaptable in shape and formed from non-rigid components. In particular, components such as rods made of rigid materials for the formation of the support structure are to be avoided, which - especially in a strong detonation - can be accelerated itself and then act like a projectile, wherein in a supporting structure formed from rods according to the prior art, the stability and Load capacity can be lost immediately in the event of breakage of a rod.
Da die Tragstruktur in ihrer Form anpassbar ist, kann - wie nachfolgend noch weiter beschrieben - eine besonders einfache und genau auf die jeweiligen Bedürfnisse abgestimmte Anpassung erfolgen. Gerade in diesem Zusammenhang ist es für die Lösung der genannten Aufgabe wesentlich, für die Begrenzung des Wasserbecken eine Folie eingesetzt wird, welche aufgrund ihrer Flexibilität nicht nur leicht gehandhabt und auf Rollen oder auch gefaltet gelagert werden kann, sondern ebenfalls zur Bildung verschiedener Beckengeometrien variabel verlegt werden kann, so dass die genannten Merkmale eine besonders vorteilhafte kombinatorische Wirkung entfalten.Since the support structure is adaptable in shape, can - as further described below - a particularly simple and tailored to the particular needs adjustment done. Especially in this context, it is essential for the solution of the above task, for the limitation of the pool a film is used, which not only easily handled due to their flexibility and can be stored on rollers or folded, but also laid variably to form different pelvic geometries can be so that the features mentioned unfold a particularly advantageous combinatorial effect.
Die Verwendung des mobilen Wasserbeckens erfolgt mit der Maßgabe, dass das Wasserbecken über oder neben dem Sprengkörper mit einem vertikalen und/oder horizontalen Abstand aufgebaut und der Innenraum des Wasserbeckens mit Flüssigkeit, insbesondere Wasser gefüllt wird.The use of the mobile water basin is carried out with the proviso that the water basin is constructed above or next to the explosive device with a vertical and / or horizontal distance and the interior of the water basin with liquid, especially water is filled.
Anders als bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Sicherheitseinrichtungen mit Kissen oder Kammern wird eine in ihrer Form flexibel zu gestaltende Schutzeinrichtung bereitgestellt, die nach oben offen oder mit einer separaten Folie oder dergleichen abgedeckt ist. Das Wasserbecken hat damit die Struktur eines künstlichen, mobilen Teiches, der kurzfristig aufgebaut werden kann.Unlike the safety devices with cushions or chambers known from the prior art, a protective device that is flexible in its shape is provided, which is open at the top or covered with a separate film or the like. The pool of water has it the structure of an artificial, mobile pond that can be set up at short notice.
Um die in ihrer Form anpassbare Tragstruktur aus nicht starren Komponenten zu bilden, kommen im Rahmen der Erfindung verschiedene Ausführungsformen in Betracht.In order to form the support structure, which can be adapted in its shape, from non-rigid components, various embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention.
So ist es beispielsweise möglich, die Tragstruktur als eine Art Wall aus Erde, Sand oder anderen vergleichbaren Volumenmaterialien zu bilden. Dabei ist jedoch zu beachten, dass derartige Erdarbeiten häufig nur mit einem relativ großen Aufwand und entsprechenden Baugeräten durchgeführt werden können.Thus, it is possible, for example, to form the support structure as a kind of wall of earth, sand or other comparable bulk materials. However, it should be noted that such earthworks can often be performed only with a relatively large effort and appropriate construction equipment.
Alternativ kann die Tragstruktur auch ein einer Mehrzahl von Stützkörpern gebildet sein, die aus nicht starren Komponenten gebildet sind bzw. eine nicht starre Konsistenz aufweisen. Neben Stützkörpern wie Strohballen, die zur Vermeidung einer Brandgefahr vorzugsweise feucht zu halten sind, kommen insbesondere Stützkörper in Betracht, welche eine mit einem Volumenmaterial gefüllte Hülle aus einem flexiblen Material aufweisen. Hierzu zählen allgemein Säcke, Kissen und Schläuche, welche je nach Material der Hülle mit Sand, Erde, Wasser oder auch Luft als Volumenmaterial befüllt sein können.Alternatively, the support structure can also be formed from a plurality of support bodies which are formed from non-rigid components or have a non-rigid consistency. In addition to supporting bodies such as bales of straw, which are preferably to keep moist to avoid a risk of fire, in particular supporting body into consideration, which have a filled with a volume material envelope of a flexible material. These generally include bags, cushions and tubes, which can be filled depending on the material of the shell with sand, soil, water or air as a bulk material.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die umlaufende Tragstruktur von zumindest einem aus flexiblem Material und mit einer Flüssigkeit befüllbaren Schlauch gebildet. Der Schlauch kann in dem unbefüllten, flachgelegten Zustand kompakt gelagert, leicht transportiert und leicht ausgelegt werden. Die Form des mobilen Wasserbeckens kann dabei relativ frei gewählt werden. Neben einer geometrisch gleichmäßigen Form eines Rechtecks, Quadrates oder Kreises kann auch abhängig von den jeweiligen Gegebenheiten eine Anpassung an den zur Verfügung stehenden Raum erfolgen. Insbesondere kann auf angrenzende Gebäude, die spezifisch erforderlichen Schutzanforderungen oder dergleichen Rücksicht genommen werden.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the circumferential support structure of at least one of flexible material and can be filled with a liquid hose is formed. The tube can be compactly stored in the unfilled, flattened state, easily transported and easily laid out. The shape of the mobile water basin can be chosen relatively freely. In addition to a geometrically uniform shape of a Rectangles, squares or circle can also be made depending on the circumstances of an adaptation to the available space. In particular, consideration can be given to adjacent buildings, the specifically required protection requirements or the like.
Die umlaufende Tragstruktur ist notwendig, um eine umlaufende Begrenzung für das Wasser zu erhalten. Grundsätzlich ist es aber denkbar, dass die umlaufende Tragstruktur aus unterschiedlichen Elementen gebildet ist. Insbesondere bei einer Ausgestaltung der Tragstruktur mit zumindest einem mit Flüssigkeit befüllbaren Schlauch können um den Umfang mehrere Schlauchstücke vorgesehen werden.The encircling support structure is necessary to obtain a circumferential boundary for the water. In principle, however, it is conceivable that the circumferential support structure is formed of different elements. In particular, in one embodiment of the support structure with at least one hose which can be filled with liquid, a plurality of pieces of hose can be provided around the circumference.
Wenn der zumindest eine mit Flüssigkeit befüllbare Schlauch in der gewünschten Form ausgelegt ist, kann dieser befüllt werden, wodurch sich die umlaufende Tragstruktur ergibt. Es ergibt sich dabei im Gegensatz zu den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Ausgestaltungen mit Kissen oder Kammern auch der Vorteil, dass die umlaufende Tragstruktur je nach Anordnung nicht oder allenfalls lokal beschädigt und damit zumindest zum großen Teil wiederverwertet werden kann.If the at least one hose that can be filled with liquid is designed in the desired shape, it can be filled, resulting in the encircling supporting structure. This results in contrast to the known from the prior art designs with cushions or chambers and the advantage that the encircling support structure depending on the arrangement not or at most locally damaged and thus can be recycled at least in large part.
Insbesondere wenn das Wasserbecken für eine Sprengung oberhalb des Sprengkörpers mit einem vertikalen Abstand angeordnet wird, befindet sich oberhalb des Sprengkörpers selbst nur die den Innenraum des Wasserbeckens begrenzende Folie, wobei dann die Tragstruktur selbst gut geschützt ist.In particular, if the water basin is arranged for a blast above the explosive device with a vertical distance, located above the explosive itself only the interior of the water basin limiting film, in which case the support structure itself is well protected.
Bei der Anordnung des mobilen Wasserbeckens oberhalb des Sprengkörpers wird die das Wasserbecken begrenzende Folie in der Regel zerreißen, wobei dann Wasser auch in den Bereich des Sprengkörpers und eines durch die Sprengung gebildeten Kraters einströmen kann. Ein seitliches Ausströmen des Wassers wird aber verhindert, wenn die Tragstruktur erhalten bleibt. Ohne eine übermäßige Beeinträchtigung der Umgebung kann dann die in dem Wasserbecken noch vorhandene Flüssigkeit, also insbesondere Wasser, abgepumpt werden.In the arrangement of the mobile pool above the explosive device, the water basin limiting film is usually rupture, wherein then water can also flow into the area of the explosive device and a crater formed by the detonation. A lateral outflow of water is prevented, however, if the support structure is maintained. Without an excessive impairment of the environment, the liquid still present in the water basin, that is to say in particular water, can then be pumped off.
Als Tragstruktur sind insbesondere mit Flüssigkeit befüllbare Schläuche geeignet, die auch als mobile Deiche für den Hochwasserschutz eingesetzt werden. Geeignete Tragstrukturen sind insbesondere in
Durch die Anordnung mehrerer mit Flüssigkeit befüllbarer Schläuche können die Stabilität sowie die Höhe der Tragstruktur erhöht werden. Insbesondere können zwei oder vorzugsweise drei nebeneinander angeordnete flexible Schläuche als ein Modul bereitgestellt werden, wobei diese Schläuche dann zweckmäßigerweise gegen ein Verrutschen gesichert sind. So kann beispielsweise eine Anordnung von zwei oder drei nebeneinander angeordneten Schläuchen mit einem umlaufenden Sicherungsnetz versehen sein.By arranging a plurality of hoses which can be filled with liquid, the stability and the height of the supporting structure can be increased. In particular, two or preferably three juxtaposed flexible hoses can be provided as a module, which hoses are then expediently secured against slipping. Thus, for example, an arrangement of two or three hoses arranged side by side can be provided with a circulating safety net.
Die mit Flüssigkeit befüllbaren Schläuche haben im befüllten Zustand vorzugsweise einen Durchmesser zwischen 40 cm und 180 cm. Bei einem Durchmesser von 150 cm und einer Anordnung von drei Schläuchen in einer Pyramidenform ergibt sich dabei eine Stauhöhe von etwa 260 cm. Grundsätzlich ist es zweckmäßig, die Tragstruktur unabhängig von der konkreten Ausgestaltung auch mit dem Untergrund zu verankern, um ein unkontrolliertes Verrutschen bei dem Aufbau, dem Befüllen oder im Falle einer Explosion zu vermeiden.The filled with liquid tubes preferably have a diameter between 40 cm and 180 cm in the filled state. With a diameter of 150 cm and an arrangement of three tubes in a pyramid shape results in a stowage height of about 260 cm. Basically, it is expedient to anchor the support structure, regardless of the specific design with the ground to avoid uncontrolled slippage in the construction, filling or in the event of an explosion.
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist nicht auf einen bestimmten Typ von Sprengsätzen beschränkt. Besonders vorteilhaft erfolgt die Verwendung aber zur Kampfmittelräumung von Sprengkörpern, die eine Sprengkraft von mehr als 20 kg, vorzugsweise mehr als 50 kg TNT aufweisen. Gerade bei einer solchen für Fliegerbomben des zweiten Weltkrieges typischen Sprengkraft ist eine zuverlässige Absicherung mit den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren hinsichtlich des Einsatzes von Personal und Material äußerst aufwendig.The present invention is not limited to any particular type of explosive device. However, the use is particularly advantageous for the ordnance clearance of explosive devices which have an explosive force of more than 20 kg, preferably more than 50 kg of TNT. Especially in such explosive bombs typical for the second world war, a reliable protection with the known from the prior art method in terms of the use of personnel and material is extremely expensive.
Auch die Kosten für die Evakuierung und die volkswirtschaftlichen Beeinträchtigungen sind sehr erheblich. Durch eine großräumige Evakuierung entstehen für die dort ansässigen Unternehmen erhebliche Einbußen, wobei auch für die betroffenen Personen Unterkünfte, Sammelräume oder dergleichen bereitgestellt werden müssen.The cost of evacuation and the economic impact are also very significant. A large-scale evacuation will lead to considerable losses for the companies located there, whereby accommodation, collection areas or the like must also be provided for the persons concerned.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung eines mobilen Wasserbeckens kann ein sehr hohes Maß an Sicherheit erreicht werden, wobei das aufgestaute Wasser eine effektive und weitestgehend ungefährliche Umwandlung der Explosionsenergie in kinetische Energie sowie thermische Energie ermöglicht.By the use according to the invention of a mobile water basin, a very high degree of safety can be achieved, wherein the pent-up water enables an effective and largely harmless conversion of the explosion energy into kinetic energy as well as thermal energy.
Um ein großes Maß an Sicherheit zu erreichen, ist ein ausreichendes Fassungsvermögen des mobilen Wasserbeckens vorzusehen. Abhängig von der erforderlichen Schutzwirkung und der Größe des Sprengkörpers kann das Fassungsvermögen des Wasserbeckens insbesondere zwischen 50 m3 und 4000 m3 betragen. Die Befüllung des Wasserbeckens mit dem angegebenen Volumen kann in der Praxis relativ kurzfristig aus Hydranten, Tankfahrzeugen oder auch mittels Pumpen aus einem natürlichen Gewässer erfolgen.In order to achieve a high level of safety, a sufficient capacity of the mobile water basin should be provided. Depending on the required protective effect and the size of the explosive device, the capacity of the water basin can be between 50 m 3 and 4000 m 3 . The filling of the water basin with the specified volume can be done relatively quickly in practice from hydrants, tankers or by means of pumps from a natural body of water.
Im Vergleich zu den bekannten Absicherungsmaßnahmen ergibt sich eine deutlich einfachere Verfahrensführung und auch eine erhebliche Kostenersparnis. Als weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich, dass das mobile Wasserbecken mit wenigen Helfern schnell aufgebaut werden kann. Zusätzlich zu den vergleichsweise geringen Kosten und dem vergleichsweise geringen Aufwand ergibt sich durch die schnellere Verfahrensführung auch ein Sicherheitsvorteil, weil Blindgänger, die bei Baumaßnahmen entdeckt werden, durch die Erdbewegungen und Erschütterungen erheblichen zusätzlichen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind, so dass letztlich auch die Gefahr einer spontanen Selbstzündung erhöht ist.Compared to the known hedging measures results in a much simpler process management and also a significant cost savings. Another advantage is that the mobile pool can be set up quickly with a few helpers. In addition to the relatively low cost and relatively little effort resulting from the faster process management and a safety advantage because duds, which are discovered during construction, are exposed by the earth movements and shock significant additional loads, so that ultimately the risk of spontaneous auto-ignition is increased.
Bei einer quadratischen oder rechteckigen Form kann die Seitenlänge des Wasserbeckens insbesondere zwischen 10 m und 40 m, vorzugsweise zwischen 15 m und 25 m betragen. Bei einer im Wesentlichen runden Form der Tragstruktur und des mit der Tragstruktur gebildeten Wasserbeckens beträgt der Durchmesser insbesondere zwischen 15 m und 25 m. Wie zuvor beschrieben, kann aber auch im Rahmen der Erfindung auf besonders einfache Weise eine nicht regelmäßige Form anhand der jeweiligen Gegebenheiten gewählt werden. Die Stauhöhe des Wasserbeckens beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 100 cm und 300 cm.In the case of a square or rectangular shape, the side length of the water basin may in particular be between 10 m and 40 m, preferably between 15 m and 25 m. In the case of a substantially round shape of the supporting structure and of the water basin formed with the supporting structure, the diameter is in particular between 15 m and 25 m. As described above, but also in the context of the invention, a non-regular shape can be selected on the basis of the particular circumstances in a particularly simple manner. The damming height of the water basin is preferably between 100 cm and 300 cm.
Wenn das mobile Wasserbecken als Schutzeinrichtung bei der Sprengung eines Sprengkörpers eingesetzt wird, so wird das Wasserbecken oberhalb des Sprengkörpers angeordnet. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass das Wasserbecken den Sprengkörper nach oben hin abschließt, so dass die Sprengwirkung in das Erdreich bzw. den Untergrund hinein noch zusätzlich verstärkt wird. Grundsätzlich kann dabei die Gefahr erheblicher Erschütterungen und Verschiebungen des Erdreiches bestehen, wodurch auch umliegende Gebäude oder andere technische Einrichtungen beschädigt werden können.If the mobile pool is used as a protective device in the blasting of an explosive device, the pool is placed above the explosive device. It should be noted that the pool Completing the explosive upwards, so that the explosive effect in the soil or the subsoil is further enhanced. Basically, there may be the risk of considerable shocks and shifts of the soil, which also surrounding buildings or other technical equipment can be damaged.
Um diese Gefahr abzumildern, wird zwischen dem Wasserbecken und dem Sprengkörper ein Abstand vorgesehen, in dem sich bei einer Zündung die Sprengenergie und die Druckwelle in einem gewissen Maße ausbreiten kann, bevor die Sprengenergie von dem darüber angeordneten Wasser aufgenommen bzw. umgewandelt wird. So kann beispielsweise zwischen dem Sprengkörper und dem Wasserbecken ein Abstand von 1 m bis 10 m vorgesehen sein.To mitigate this danger, a distance is provided between the water basin and the explosive device, in which the ignition energy and the pressure wave can propagate to an extent at an ignition before the blasting energy is absorbed or converted by the water arranged above. For example, a distance of 1 m to 10 m can be provided between the explosive device and the water basin.
Aus Flugzeugen abgeworfene Fliegerbomben liegen aufgrund der Aufprallenergie häufig einige Meter unter der Erde. Zusätzlich kann sich der Fundort eines solchen Blindgängers auch aufgrund von Schutt oder vorherigen Erdbauarbeiten deutlich unterhalb des Umgebungsniveaus befinden. In einem solchen Fall wird um den Blindgänger eine Grube gebildet, um diesen freilegen zu können. Wenn sich dann bei der Begutachtung des Blindgängers herausstellt, dass dieser nicht entschärft werden kann und eine Sprengung erforderlich ist, kann die so gebildete Grube auch dafür genutzt werden, um das Wasserbecken in einem vertikalen Abstand zu dem Sprengkörper anzuordnen.Aircraft bombs dropped from airplanes are often a few feet below ground due to the impact energy. In addition, the location of such a dud may also be significantly below the environmental level due to debris or previous earthworks. In such a case, a pit is formed around the dud to expose it. If it then turns out during the assessment of the dud, that this can not be defused and a blast is required, the pit thus formed can also be used to arrange the pool at a vertical distance to the explosive device.
Die Grube kann insbesondere mit einer Abstützstruktur abgedeckt werden, welche dann das Wasserbecken sowie das darin aufgenommene Wasser oberhalb des Sprengkörpers trägt. Die Abstützstruktur kann insbesondere eine Vielzahl von stabförmigen Elementen aufweisen, die aber vorzugsweise im Falle einer Explosion selbst nur ein geringes Gefährdungspotential aufweisen. Geeignet sind beispielsweise Holzbalken und/oder Papphülsen wie sie als Kerne von Papierrollen, Teppichböden oder dergleichen eingesetzt werden. Um die mechanische Stabilität einer solchen Papphülse zu erhöhen, kann diese auch mit einem unschädlichen Material ausgefüllt werden. Eine Stabilisierung kann beispielsweise durch einen Kunststoffschaum erreicht werden, wodurch sich auch für die Abstützstruktur geringe Fertigungskosten ergeben.The pit can be covered in particular with a supporting structure, which then carries the water basin and the water absorbed therein above the explosive device. The support structure may, in particular, have a multiplicity of rod-shaped elements which, however, preferably have only a slight hazard potential in the event of an explosion itself. For example, wooden beams and / or paperboard sleeves, such as those used as cores of paper rolls, carpets or the like, are suitable. To increase the mechanical stability of such a cardboard tube, this can also be filled with a harmless material. A stabilization can be achieved for example by a plastic foam, resulting in low costs for the support structure.
Neben der Verwendung des mobilen Wasserbeckens bei einer kontrollierten Sprengung ist auch eine Verwendung als Schutzeinrichtung bei der Entschärfung von Sprengkörpern möglich. Das Wasserbecken wird dann nicht oberhalb, sondern üblicherweise seitlich oder auch um den Sprengkörper herum angeordnet.In addition to the use of the mobile water basin in a controlled demolition and use as a protective device in the defusing of explosive devices is possible. The water basin is then not arranged above, but usually laterally or around the explosive device.
Insbesondere kann zur Bildung einer Schutzeinrichtung bei der Kampfmittelräumung durch Entschärfen zusätzlich zu der umlaufenden Tragstruktur unmittelbar um den Sprengkörper herum eine innenliegende Tragstruktur gebildet werden, wobei dann das Wasserbecken ringförmig zwischen der umlaufenden und der innenliegenden Tragstruktur gebildet wird und wobei dann innerhalb der innenliegenden Tragstruktur der Sprengkörper für einen Entschärfer zugänglich bleibt.In particular, to form a protective device in the ordnance clearance by defusing in addition to the encircling support structure immediately around the explosive around an internal support structure are formed, in which case the pool is formed annularly between the peripheral and the inner support structure and then within the internal support structure of the explosive device remains accessible to a defrauder.
Wenn eine Entschärfung sich als nicht möglich oder als zu gefährlich herausstellt, kann gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung auch vorgesehen sein, dass der zuvor freigehaltene Bereich innerhalb der innenliegenden Tragstruktur auch zusätzlich noch mit einem innenliegenden Wasserbecken versehen wird. Wie bei der von vornherein vorgesehenen kontrollierten Sprengung wird dann innerhalb der innenliegenden Tragstruktur eine Folie ausgelegt, wobei schließlich auch dieser Bereich mit Wasser gefüllt wird. Dabei ist es von Vorteil, wenn bereits zuvor eine Kamera und ein Sprengkabel unterhalb des zwischen der innenliegenden Tragstruktur und der umlaufenden Tragstruktur und dem dort gebildeten Wasserbecken entlang gelegt ist, um von vornherein zumindest als Option die kontrollierte Sprengung vorzusehen.If a defusing turns out to be impossible or too dangerous, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention can also be provided that the previously kept free area within the internal support structure is also additionally provided with an internal water basin. As in the case of the controlled demolition provided from the outset, a foil is then designed inside the inner support structure, with this area finally also being filled with water becomes. It is advantageous if a camera and a detonating cable have already been placed underneath the water basin between the inner supporting structure and the surrounding supporting structure and the water basin formed there, in order to provide controlled demolition, at least as an option from the outset.
In diesem Zusammenhang ergibt sich insbesondere auch der Vorteil, dass aufgrund des geringeren Aufwandes bei der Sicherung und der erhöhten Sicherheit die Risikoabwägung bei einer Entscheidung zwischen einem Sprengen und einer Entschärfung im Vergleich zu den bekannten Maßnahmen eher für eine Sprengung sprechen wird, so dass sich insgesamt für die mit der Kampfmittelräumung befassten Personen ein geringeres Gefährdungspotential ergibt.In this context, in particular, the advantage that due to the lower cost of security and increased security, the risk of a decision between a blast and a defuse compared to the known measures rather speak for a blast, so that in total gives a lower hazard potential to those involved in the clearance of explosive ordnance.
Durch die Anordnung des Wasserbeckens neben dem Sprengkörper bei einer Entschärfung ist auch ein gezielter Schutz von technischen Einrichtungen oder Gebäuden möglich. Je nach Anforderungen an die Sicherheit kann eine seitliche Anordnung des Wasserbeckens auch dann erfolgen, wenn die Kampfmittelräumung durch Sprengung erfolgen soll. Eine solche Vorgehensweise kommt insbesondere dann in Betracht, wenn nicht um den gesamten Umfang des Fundortes des Sprengkörpers ein Schutz notwendig ist.The arrangement of the water basin next to the explosive device at a defuse also a targeted protection of technical facilities or buildings is possible. Depending on the requirements of safety, a lateral arrangement of the water basin can also take place if the ordnance is to be cleared by blowing up. Such an approach is particularly suitable if protection is not required around the entire circumference of the location of the explosive device.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch ein Verfahren zur kontrollierten Sprengung eines Sprengkörpers umfassend die vorzugsweise aufeinanderfolgenden Schritte:
- Anbringen eines Zünders an dem Sprengkörper,
- Errichten einer in ihrer Form anpassbaren Tragstruktur aus nicht starren Komponenten um den Sprengkörper herum,
- Bildung eines Wasserbeckens durch Auslegen einer Folie derart, dass das Wasserbecken oberhalb des Sprengkörpers mit einem Abstand zu dem Sprengkörper angeordnet ist,
- Befüllen des Wasserbeckens mit Flüssigkeit und
- Auslösen der Sprengung.
- Attaching a detonator to the explosive device,
- Constructing a conformable support structure of non-rigid components around the explosive device,
- Forming a water basin by laying out a film such that the water basin is arranged above the explosive device at a distance from the explosive device,
- Filling the water basin with liquid and
- Trigger the blast.
Wie bereits zuvor erläutert, kann vor der Bildung des Wasserbeckens oberhalb des Sprengkörpers eine Abstützstruktur errichtet werden, um das Wasserbecken in einem Abstand zu dem Sprengkörper abzustützen. Wenn der Sprengkörper nicht in einer Grube angeordnet ist, welche durch die Abstützstruktur abgedeckt werden kann, ist eine geeignete Abstützstruktur als selbsttragende Einrichtung oberhalb des Sprengkörpers aufzubauen.As already explained above, before the formation of the water basin above the explosive device, a supporting structure can be erected in order to support the water basin at a distance from the explosive device. If the explosive device is not arranged in a pit which can be covered by the support structure, a suitable support structure must be constructed as a self-supporting device above the explosive device.
Im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sowie der erfindungsgemäßen, zuvor beschriebenen Verwendung kann die den Innenraum des Wasserbeckens begrenzende Folie auch aus mehreren Folienstreifen durch Verschweißen und/oder Verkleben gebildet werden. Es ergibt sich dann der Vorteil, dass lediglich geeignete Folienstreifen auf einer Rolle bereitgehalten werden müssen, wobei dann die Folie des mobilen Wasserbeckens bedarfsgerecht in der gewünschten Form durch die Verbindung der Folienstreifen erzeugt werden kann.In the context of the method according to the invention and the use according to the invention described above, the film defining the interior of the water basin can also be formed from a plurality of film strips by welding and / or gluing. It then results in the advantage that only suitable film strips must be kept ready on a roll, in which case the film of the mobile water basin can be generated as needed in the desired form by the connection of the film strips.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist schließlich auch eine Schutzeinrichtung für die Kampfmittelräumung von Sprengkörpern durch Entschärfung oder Sprengung, umfassend ein mobiles Wasserbecken mit einer umlaufenden Tragstruktur, die mehrere mit Flüssigkeit befüllbare Schläuche aus flexiblem Material aufweist und mit einer an der Tragstruktur abgestützten und einen Innenraum des Wasserbeckens begrenzenden Folie, wobei das Wasserbecken ein Fassungsvermögen zwischen 50 m3 und 4000 m3 auffasst und eine Abstützstruktur, die für eine Anordnung zwischen dem Wasserbecken und dem Sprengkörper vorgesehen ist, um einen Abstand zwischen dem Sprengkörper und dem Wasserbecken bereitzustellen.Finally, the subject matter of the invention is also a protective device for the ordnance clearance of explosive devices by defusing or demolition, comprising a mobile water basin with a circumferential supporting structure which has a plurality of liquid-filled hoses made of flexible material and bounded by a support on the support structure and an interior of the water basin A film, wherein the water basin has a capacity of between 50 m 3 and 4000 m 3 and a supporting structure, which is provided for an arrangement between the water basin and the explosive device, to provide a distance between the explosive device and the water basin.
Eine solche Schutzeinrichtung kann bei dem für die Räumung von Kampfmitteln zuständigen Stellen bereitgehalten werden. Wenn die Tragstruktur aus mit Flüssigkeit befüllbaren Schläuchen gebildet ist, können diese Schläuche auch für unterschiedliche Zwecke vorgesehen sein. Neben der Bildung der beschriebenen Tragstruktur können diese Schläuche auch gemäß dem in der
Wenn eine kontrollierte Sprengung erfolgen soll, kann es zweckmäßig sein, mehrere Sprengsätze an dem Sprengkörper anzubringen, falls einer der Sprengsätze nicht funktionsfähig ist oder sich von dem Sprengkörper löst. Gerade wenn als Sicherungsmaßnahme gemäß der Erfindung ein Wasserbecken oberhalb des Sprengkörpers vorgesehen ist, ist dieser nicht mehr ohne Weiteres zugänglich, wenn ein daran angebrachter Sprengsatz nicht zündet.If a controlled detonation is to take place, it may be appropriate to attach multiple explosives to the explosive device if one of the explosive devices is inoperative or disengages from the explosive device. Just when a pool of water above the explosive device is provided as a precautionary measure according to the invention, this is no longer readily accessible if an explosive device attached thereto does not ignite.
Zur weiteren Überwachung kann auch eine Kamera an dem Sprengkörper montiert oder neben dem Sprengkörper angeordnet werden. Mit der Kamera kann überprüft werden, ob der zumindest eine für die Zündung vorgesehene Sprengsatz sich noch an der vorgegebenen Position befindet und ob sich sonstige Veränderungen, beispielsweise ein Verrutschen der Grube, ergeben haben.For further monitoring, a camera can also be mounted on the explosive device or arranged next to the explosive device. With the camera can be checked whether the at least one intended for the ignition explosive device is still at the predetermined position and whether other changes, such as slipping of the pit have resulted.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand exemplarischer Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1a bis Fig. 5b
- die Verwendung eines mobilen Wasserbeckens zur kontrollierten Sprengung eines Sprengkörpers,
- Fig. 6a bis 8b
- die Verwendung eines mobilen Wasserbeckens als Schutzeinrichtung bei der Entschärfung eines Spreng körpers,
- Fig. 9a bis 11b
- eine alternative Ausgestaltung einer Verwendung gemäß der
Fig. 6a bis 8b . - Fig. 12
- die Verwendung gemäß der
Fig. 6a bis 8b bei einem Abbruch der Entschärfung.
- Fig. 1a to Fig. 5b
- the use of a mobile water basin for the controlled detonation of an explosive device,
- Fig. 6a to 8b
- the use of a mobile water basin as a protective device in defusing an explosive body,
- Fig. 9a to 11b
- an alternative embodiment of a use according to the
Fig. 6a to 8b , - Fig. 12
- the use according to the
Fig. 6a to 8b at a demolition of defusing.
Die
Die Verwendung des mobilen Wasserbeckens 1 wird beispielhaft anhand der Räumung eines Blindgängers erläutert, der im Erdreich aufgefunden wurde. Gemäß der
Gemäß den
In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht die Tragstruktur 5 aus drei mit einer Flüssigkeit befüllbaren Schläuchen 7 aus flexiblem Material. Diese Schläuche 7 werden in einer pyramidenförmigen Anordnung um den Sprengkörper 2 und die Grube 3 gelegt, wobei exemplarisch eine rechteckige Anordnung dargestellt ist. Da die Schläuche 7 aus einem flexiblen Material gebildet sind, können beliebige geometrische Formen erzeugt werden, die insbesondere auch an die Umgebung angepasst sein können. Entgegen der schematischen Darstellung der
In
Anders als bei dem Einsatz als mobiler Deich können die Schläuche 7 nicht aufschwimmen, weil das Wasser nur innenliegend vorhanden und durch die Folie 6 von der Tragstruktur 5 getrennt ist. Die Schläuche 7 können deshalb nicht nur mit Wasser oder einer anderen Flüssigkeit sondern gegebenenfalls auch mit Luft befüllt werden. Vorzugsweise ist jedoch eine Befüllung mit Wasser vorgesehen.Unlike the use as a mobile dike, the
Bei einem Durchmesser der Schläuche 7 von beispielsweise 1,5 m ergibt sich ausgehend von der Unterseite der Tragstruktur 5 eine maximale Stauhöhe von etwa 2,6 m. Die Kantenlänge des Wasserbeckens 1 kann an der Außenseite der Tragstruktur beispielsweise zwischen 10 m und 30 m, insbesondere zwischen 15 m und 25 m betragen.With a diameter of the
Bevor die Folie 6 ausgelegt wird, wird oberhalb des Sprengkörpers 2 aus stabförmigen Elementen 8 eine Abstützstruktur (
Bei den stabförmigen Elementen 8 kann es sich beispielsweise um Holzbalken oder vorzugsweise um Papphülsen handeln, die auch mit einem geeigneten Material, beispielsweise einem Kunststoffschaum ausgefüllt sein können.The rod-shaped
In einem nächsten Schritt wird dann gemäß der
Gemäß der
Die
Der Aufbau des Wasserbeckens 1 erfolgt im Wesentlichen wie zuvor im Zusammenhang mit den
Nach einer erfolgreichen Entschärfung und Räumung des Sprengkörpers 2 kann das Wasserbecken wieder abgebaut und für eine erneute Verwendung eingelagert werden. Selbst bei einer Sprengung kann in der Regel zumindest die Tragstruktur 5 wiederverwendet werden, wodurch sich insgesamt geringe Kosten ergeben.After a successful defusing and clearing of the
Die
Im Falle einer Explosion während der Entschärfung ergibt sich ein insgesamt vergleichsweise guter Schutz der Umgebung, auch wenn oberhalb des Sprengkörpers keine Abdeckung vorhanden ist. Der Außenumfang des Wasserbeckens 1, der durch die außenliegende Tragstruktur 5 definiert wird, kann entsprechend größer sein, wobei das Wasserbecken 1 beispielsweise eine Kantenlänge zwischen 20 m und 50 m aufweisen kann.In the case of an explosion during the defuse results in a total comparatively good protection of the environment, even if there is no cover above the explosive device. The outer circumference of the
Gemäß der
Eine Beschädigung der innenliegenden Tragstruktur 13 ist bei einer erst im Nachhinein beschlossenen kontrollierten Sprengung gemäß der
Claims (17)
- A utilization of a mobile water basin (1)
with a circumferential support structure (5) and
with a film (6) that is supported on the circumferential support structure (5) and defines an interior of the water basin (1)
as a protection device for the ordnance clearance of an explosive (2) by disarming or detonating said explosive, wherein the water basin (1) is constructed above or adjacent to the explosive (2) at a vertical and/or horizontal distance therefrom and its interior is filled with liquid,
characterized in
that the circumferential support structure (5) is adaptable with respect to its shape and made of non-rigid components. - The utilization according to claim 1, wherein the circumferential support structure is formed by a plurality of support members, and wherein the support members respectively have a shell of a flexible material, which is filled with a volumetric material.
- The utilization according to claim 1, wherein the circumferential support structure (5) is formed by at least one hose (7) that consists of a flexible material and can be filled with liquid.
- The utilization according to claim 3, wherein the circumferential support structure (5) is formed by multiple hoses, particularly three hoses (7).
- The utilization according to claim 4, wherein the hoses (7) are secured against a displacement relative to one another.
- The utilization according to one of claims 1-5, wherein the support structure (5) is anchored in a substructure.
- The utilization according to one of claims 1-6, wherein the explosive (2) has an explosive force in excess of 50 kg TNT.
- The utilization according to one of claims 1-7, wherein the explosive (2) consists of unexploded ordnance.
- The utilization according to one of claims 1-8, wherein the water basin (1) has a volumetric capacity between 50 m3 and 4000 m3.
- The utilization according to one of claims 1-9, wherein an internal support structure (13) is formed around the explosive (2) in addition to the circumferential support structure (5) in order to form a protection device for clearing ordnance by means of disarming, and wherein the water basin (1) is annularly formed between the circumferential support structure and the internal support structure (13).
- A method for the controlled detonation of an explosive (2), comprising the steps of:arranging at least one explosive charge (4) on the explosive (2);constructing a support structure (5), which can be adapted with respect to its shape and is made of non-rigid components, around the explosive (2), forming a water basin (1) by laying out a film (6) in such a way that they water basin (1) is arranged above the explosive (2) and at a distance from the explosive (2);filling the water basin (1) with liquid; andtriggering the detonation.
- The method according to claim 11, wherein a bracing structure is constructed above the explosive (2) prior to the formation of the water basin (1) in order to support the water basin (1) at a distance from the explosive (2).
- The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein a pit (3) is excavated around the explosive (2) and covered with the bracing structure.
- The method according to one of claims 11-13, wherein the bracing structure is formed by a plurality of rod-shaped elements (8).
- The method according to claim 14, wherein wooden beams and/or cardboard sleeves are used as rod-shaped elements (8).
- The method according to one of claims 11-15, wherein the film (6) is formed by welding and/or bonding together multiple film strips.
- A protection device for the ordnance clearance of an explosive (2) by disarming or detonating said explosive, comprising
a mobile water basin (1) with a circumferential support structure (5) and with a film (6), which is supported on the circumferential support structure (5) and defines an interior of the water basin, wherein the water basin (1) as a volumetric capacity between 50 m3 and 4000 m3, and
a bracing structure that is designed for being arranged between the water basin (1) and the explosive (2) in order to provide a clearance between the explosive (2) and the water basin (1),
characterized in
that the support structure (5) comprises multiple hoses (7) of flexible material, which can be filled with a liquid.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013105416.1A DE102013105416B3 (en) | 2013-05-27 | 2013-05-27 | Mobile in its form flexible protective device for explosive ordnance disposal as well as methods for the controlled detonation of an explosive device |
PCT/EP2014/060689 WO2014191318A1 (en) | 2013-05-27 | 2014-05-23 | Protection device for clearing explosives, and method for the controlled detonation of an explosive |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3004793A1 EP3004793A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
EP3004793B1 true EP3004793B1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14726157.2A Active EP3004793B1 (en) | 2013-05-27 | 2014-05-23 | Protection device for clearing explosives, and method for the controlled detonation of an explosive |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3004793B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013105416B3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014191318A1 (en) |
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CN112197663B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-10-15 | 大连理工大学 | Method for protecting explosive container with water |
FR3115704B1 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2024-02-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | System for extinguishing a fire and/or preventing an electric vehicle fire from catching or restarting, associated operating method. |
FR3115703B1 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2024-02-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | System for extinguishing a fire and/or preventing an electric vehicle fire from catching or resuming, associated operating method comprising a step of prior lifting of the vehicle from the ground. |
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US232640A (en) * | 1880-09-28 | Method of blasting | ||
GB153655A (en) * | 1919-08-07 | 1920-11-08 | Thomas Carrodus | An improved freezing machine |
GB1536555A (en) * | 1974-12-18 | 1978-12-20 | Nitro Nobel Ab | Explosive devices |
DE3883998T2 (en) * | 1987-01-14 | 1994-05-05 | Cube Overseas Trading Ltd | Method and device for damping explosive charge detonations. |
GB9505825D0 (en) * | 1994-08-15 | 1995-06-14 | Parkes John | Improvements in munitions demolition |
GB9613560D0 (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1996-08-28 | Parkes John H | Saddlebags & poldine wall blast suppression systems |
JPH10160400A (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-06-19 | Ishikawa Seisakusho Ltd | Treating method for mine |
CA2229525C (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2008-10-14 | Gerald M. Clement | Liquid containment/diversion dike |
ATE333547T1 (en) * | 2001-03-10 | 2006-08-15 | Peter James | PROTECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS AGAINST EXPLOSION |
GB0122668D0 (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2001-11-14 | Seaflex Ltd | Anti-blast wall |
DE20216081U1 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-03-04 | Wagenhuber, Walter, Dr.-Ing. | Auxiliary dike-building |
GB0226312D0 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2002-12-18 | Cintec Int Ltd | A blast-absorbing device |
GB0305727D0 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2003-04-16 | Cintec Int Ltd | A protective support for a load |
GB2404145B (en) * | 2003-07-24 | 2005-06-01 | Peter James | Improvements in and relating to blast and collision protection structures |
GB2407039B (en) * | 2003-10-11 | 2005-12-14 | Cintec Int Ltd | Improvements in and relating to blast mitigation structures |
GB0405853D0 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2004-04-21 | Cintec Int Ltd | Improvements in and relating to blast mitigation devices |
GB0405859D0 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2004-04-21 | Cintec Int Ltd | Improvements in and relating to blast mitigation structures |
US20070243021A1 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-18 | Tim Richard Tyler | Water-filled flood bags for emergency flood control |
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EP3004793A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
WO2014191318A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
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