DE3222433A1 - Apparatus for cutting vegetable materials, especially tobacco - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for cutting vegetable materials, especially tobacco, having a funnel-shaped compression chest into which the material to be cut is poured and in which it is compressed and fed to a mouthpiece arranged at the outlet end of the compression chest, having a knife carrier which preferably rotates about a horizontal axis in front of the mouthpiece, with rotating knives which can be guided past the mouthpiece for cutting purposes, and having a knife-grinding device arranged in the path of rotation of the knives. According to the invention, projecting counter-blades are arranged on the mouthpiece, along which the knives are guided in a grinding manner during each rotation of the cutting process. The apparatus thus performs a self-sharpening cutting operation, and it is an essential feature of the invention that each knife is automatically subjected to subsequent grinding on the oblique knife guard and, at the same time, sharpening combined with grinding takes place by means of the counter-blades on the other side of the cutting edge formed by abrasion. The cutting edge is thus advantageously particularly sharp, and optimum cutting is guaranteed. The measures according to the invention are used in cutting machines with mutually parallel knives. <IMAGE>

Description

Device for cutting vegetable matter, especially

special tobacco.

The invention relates to a device for cutting vegetable Substances, especially tobacco, with a funnel-shaped press drawer in which the poured Compacted material to be cut and a mouthpiece located on the exit side of the Prelade is fed, with a vorzugswe.-se around a horizontal axis in front of the end piece rotating hesserträger with rotating knives that can be guided past the mouthpiece while cutting are and with a Nesser grinding device arranged in the orbit of the knives Lait devices of the aforementioned genus can contain vegetable substances, such as herbs and the like, also known as drugs, but especially tobacco cut will. Cutting represents the strongest mechanical intervention in the structure of the For example, when cutting tobacco, a certain item is inevitable Part of the dust, which manifests itself as a loss that reduces the value. For example can be used in subsequent processing steps the amount of dust in roasting drums carbonize or lead to unwanted discoloration of the tobacco.

The cutting process takes place with a high surface pressure between Cutting edge and tobacco. The amount of tobacco that forms the dust, that of the extreme Is exposed to surface pressure, depends on the cutting surface of the Nesser cutting edge, which is to some extent dull and increases in size over time with wear. The more blunt the cutting edge, the larger the cutting surface and consequently the amount of dust in the cut tobacco.

In known devices for cutting vegetable matter, Tobacco in particular is therefore a ness-grinding device in the orbit of the Nasser arranged through which the cutting edges are resharpened after each cut.

The grinding wheels of the esserschleifeinrichtungen show a possible fine grain to enable optimal sharpening of the cutting edges of the wet.

Fine-grain grinding wheels, however, have the disadvantage that they are relatively quickly lose the optimal grinding effect, especially because the cutting edges the knife is strongest in the immediate vicinity of the cutting edge to be sharpened pollute, as there tobacco sauce and tobacco ingredients are particularly strong in the already existing Press in sanding marks, harden and finish The grinding wheel must first be removed before the abrasive grains aD metal the wet can attack. The grinding wheels must therefore be sharpened thereby reducing their lifespan to about one tenth to one twentieth of their lifespan a grinding wheel sinks without contamination.

The invention is based on the object of a device for cutting of vegetable matter, especially tobacco, to the effect that by improving a more optimal sharpening a reduction in the amount of dust that occurs during cutting is attainable.

This object has been achieved in that a Grinding body of the knife sharpening device with the one emerging from the end piece The inclined knife surface facing away from the product to be cut, the Nesserwarte, in operative connection stands, and that on the mouthpiece in the orbit of the cutting edges of the wet protruding resilient counter knife are arranged.

This has the advantage that the elastic counter knife during the passing of the cutting edges of the knives, i.e. during a cutting process, are held in resilient contact with the cutting edges, so that the shear effect is optimal for the food to be cut. By while cutting in each other Plant held shear surfaces by the cutting edge of the knife and the corresponding With the counter knife, a so-called "self-sharpening cut" takes place because the Counter knives become when passing Cutting edge of the knife elastic from $ "erRn, J press with a predetermined force against the passing cutting edge and springs into the normal position after passing the cutting edge return.

The essential advantage of the invention thus lies in the combination automatic regrinding and abrasive sharpening with the counter knife with every revolution of the knife.

In a preferred embodiment it is provided that each counter knife is designed as a clamped steel rail held on the mouthpiece, one of which Longitudinal edge protrudes against the orbit of the cutting edge of the knife. Let through it the counter knife is relatively easy when grinding or the like. replace. In addition, the resilient elasticity of the counter knife can be reduced by the choice of the clamping length can be influenced so that optimal cutting performance can be set.

According to a second solution to the underlying problem for which If independent protection is required, the optimization of the cut is also required possible that a grinding body of the knife grinding device with the from the mouthpiece to be cut facing away from the inclined knife surface, the Knife wait, is in direct contact, and that at least one of the two is approximately horizontal exit-side free edges of the mouthpiece at least partially into the orbit the cutting edge of the knife protrudes.

With this measure according to the invention, the advantageous wear takes place the cutting edges of the rotating knives protrude accordingly into the orbit Edge areas of the mouthpiece itself, so that the knife is elastic when passing have to evade resiliently. Of course you can both one as well as both edges of the mouthpiece are used for the advantageous wear effect will.

According to a development of this solution, the one is in orbit the cutting edges of the knife protruding area the free front of a front the upper edge of the mouthpiece. Such a bar is like that attached that their free front is aligned approximately tangentially to the orbit but is offset from the center of the orbit by a predetermined amount. Each knife thus strikes against the bar and is increasingly distracted, with the contact pressure causing a wear effect depending on the inherent elasticity of the Knife continuously increased. Of course, the lower edge of the mouthpiece can also be equipped with a front wear strip.

A preferred material for the wear strips is hard metal.

In the event that a lower wear strip is also used, this has a bevel on its edge representing a counter knife, which the desired deflection of the cutting edges of the knives causes them to wear can be continued on the bar.

Each knife can be used as in clamping elements of the rotating knife carrier clamped steel bar with a sharpened one serving as a knife edge Be formed longitudinal edge. The cutting edge stands out from the clamping elements clamped steel rail as short as possible in front of bends and breakage to avoid the knife while cutting.

The longitudinal edges opposite the cutting edges are preferably the knife set in clamps spans the roughly transverse to the axis of rotation are movably guided in the rotating knife carrier. With this measure, a Better to use steel rail in the clamping elements to be advanced the shortening ground off with each revolution of the knife by the grinding device to balance the knife cutting cards again.

The measures described above can also be applied to a cutting device use, which carries out a so-called rotating guillotine cut, d. H. the knives are clamped and run on the circumference of a cylindrical knife carrier with the rotation of this Nesserträger.

There are also cutting devices, especially for tobacco, who work with the so-called chop or guillotine cut, d. H. the wet one is guided past the mouthpiece in a roughly straight line. To carry out this cut shape machines are known that also have a rotating knife carrier is, however, the individual knives of this ness-bearer become during their orbit kept parallel to itself about the axis of rotation. There are corresponding Linkage built into Xesserträger, which has such a steering and forced guidance of the Better allow for a parallel cut. The measures according to the invention are preferably used in such cutting machines.

In the case of a device with a P; es-bearer, which is guided parallel to itself Having knives can have other advantages achieved thereby be that each clamping claw with iesser and associated clamping element in one structural unit are summarized around an axis extending parallel to the axis of rotation im rotating Nessertreger is pivoted.

While the knife carrier makes one turn, it can be swiveled the structural unit carrying the knives around the unit running parallel to the axis of rotation Axis the knife is always kept parallel to the position that it was at Passing the mouthpiece, d. H. during the cutting process. This can for example done by the fact that each structural unit has a positive guidance, for example a linkage is assigned for its pivoting, which depends on the rotational movement of the knife carrier is moved.

To with a cutting device with circumferential, but to itself parallel knives also compensate for the shortening as described above to achieve grinding edges of the knife by grinding with each revolution provided that on each clamping claw one of the associated knife continuously infeed Attacks the adjusting spindle.

This adjusting spindle can, for example, on a lock nut on the Clamping claw work so that when the adjusting spindle is turned, the one that serves as a knife Steel rail is advanced towards the clamping clamping elements. The adjusting spindle must therefore be able to handle the jamming in the Clamping elements to overcome generated static friction. This is through appropriate measures, for example to achieve smooth mutual contact surfaces.

Each adjusting spindle is coupled to an infeed gear.

Rods actuated by working cylinders are known as feed gears to use. The accommodation of working cylinders with the supply lines for the However, pressure medium within a rotating food carrier requires overcoming significant constructive difficulties.

According to an inventive development, it is therefore provided that that the infeed gear is a planetary gear that is independent of the rotation of the knife carrier is. This planetary gear can be arranged so that each adjusting spindle Planetary gear of a flange gear mounted on the swivel axis of the structural unit is assigned, d & r a sun gear of the planetary gear on the axis of rotation the eserträgers is mounted that the sun gear and planet gear via a toothed belt are coupled to each other and that the sun gear via a feed of the Nasser effecting rotary feed is rotatable.

This has the advantage that upon rotation of the eserträger around its axis of rotation both the planet gears and the sun gear around the same axis, namely the axis of rotation are moved. Neither the sun gear nor the planet gear thus perform a twist around their own Axes off. Only when the sun gear through a rotary drive coupled to it, for example one in the Nesserträger housed electric motor, independent of the rotational movement of the knife carrier is rotated itself, this rotary movement is also transmitted via the toothed belt on the planet gears, and the adjusting spindles coupled to them are rotated, so that an equal, moderate delivery of all waters of the ness-bearer can be achieved leaves.

While cutting material emerging from the mouthpiece the cutting edges of the knives held in the knife carrier and the counter knives wear of the 1st mouthpiece together. These components are made of steel rails and are therefore relatively sensitive. If the cutting pressure is too great, it can The knives can be damaged Pieces of wood and even stones may be present, which then cause serious damage be able to guide not only the knife, but even the entire sewing machine.

The device is distinguished to avoid such damage with the advantage that the press chest with the mouthpiece by a parallel to Axis of rotation of the Nesserträgers aligned axis is tiltable. This measure has the advantage that when a predeterminable value of a cutting force is exceeded the whole press box from the nettles attacking the counter-knives of the P-piece the hesserträger is taken and tips down.

Such overload values are preferably adjustable so that damage the cutting tools or the device itself cannot occur.

The disengagement at a predetermined overload can, for example can be achieved in that the press drawer is supported on a detachable support element is, which with a setting device for the limit value of a notching is provided in the event of an overload causing supporting force.

The pivot point around which the entire baler is overloaded Cutting tools can tip away is, based on the position of the axis of rotation Knife holder, placed relatively high above it, so that the mouthpiece with the Counter knives immediately out of the orbit of the cutting edges when the baler box tilts the knife of the knife carrier gets caught.

The swiveling of the press box around the high tilt axis can be done with Advantage can also be used to plant the counter knife on the passing Adjust cutting edges of the wet of the knife carrier. The mouthpiece with the counter knives can thus be closer to the press box by adjustable pivoting about the tilt axis or further adjusted with respect to the orbit of the cutting edge.

An embodiment of the invention from which further inventive Resulting features is shown in the drawing. They show: FIG. 1 a schematic Side view of a device for cutting tobacco Fig. 2 a schematic sectional view through the mouthpiece of the device according to FIG. 1 with cutting tools on an enlarged scale, FIG. 3 shows the cutting tools according to FIG FIG. 2 on an enlarged scale during the cutting process. FIG. 4 shows a cross section through the cutting edge of a knife on an enlarged scale, and FIG. 5 is a schematic Sectional view of the mouthpiece of the device with wear strips according to a second Solution Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a device for cutting of tobacco. The material to be cut is poured into funnel 1 in bulk. At the In the ignition of the hopper, there is the press drawer, which consists of a lower conveyor element 2 and an upper conveyor element 3 consists. Both conveyor elements are arranged in such a way that that between the facing strands of the revolving belts one in the conveyor direction of the cut material narrowing passage 4 is formed, at the end of which a mouthpiece 5 is arranged.

The material to be cut emerges from the mouthpiece 5.

The outlet opening of the mouthpiece lies on a track 6 the cutting edges 7 of knives 8, which are rotating in a not further shown Knife carriers are held.

In this embodiment, the knife carrier carries four knives 8th.

The knives are known per se from unspecified Components held in the dessert tray are movably arranged. The mobility is provided to keep the knife from rotating during its Knife carrier caused circulation on the orbit 6 in approximately the same position to hold, d. That is, all knives 8 are almost parallel to one another during the revolution.

is on the width of the orbit 6 opposite the mouthpiece a grinding device 9 is arranged, which drives a grinding wheel IG. The grinding wheel protrudes into the orbit 6 in such a way that the inclined surface of each passed Knife 8, the Nesserwarte 11, when passing the grinding wheel and with each cycle is readjusted and thus a one-sided, known automatic sharpening the cutting edge 7 of each 8 sers it takes place.

Because you shorten the wet by grinding, creating the cutting edges would ultimately no longer circulate on the desired orbit 6, but on a circular path with a smaller diameter than the orbit 6, the knives must automatically fed so that their cutting edges are constantly on the orbit 6 are held.

For automatic delivery, everyone is a better knife holder holding component coupled with an infeed gear, C: s than from the rotation of the Blade carrier is formed independent planetary gear. The sun gear 12th of the planetary gear lies in the geometric axis of rotation of the rotating one Nesserträgers, which is also the center of orbit 6. Each of those who take a knife 8 A planet gear 13 is assigned to components. The sun gear 12 and the planet gears 13 have in common a toothed belt 14 that has been laid around.

As with the upper Nesser, which is straight & on the vertical, The axis passing through the center of the orbit is indicated by the dashed line Lines is indicated, acts that this just above Nesser assigned Planet gear 13 on an adjusting spindle 15, which when rotated a lock nut 16 moved, which is connected to the knife 8, for example via a no further shown clamping claw. The arrangement of the adjusting spindle is the same for the other knives not shown for the sake of clarity.

The planet gears 13 run around with the rotating knife carrier and do not carry out any self-rotation as long as the sun gear is also uniform turns. Only when the sun wheel brakes or accelerates, for example can take place via the schematically indicated rotary drive 17, the Planet gears 13 rotated and twisted about their own axis via the toothed belt 14 also the adjusting spindles15, so that an automatic infeed of the knives 8 is given during its orbit on orbit 6.

The entire Preßlade with the mouthpiece 5 can around the raised Tilt axis 23 downwards if the cutting tools are overloaded during cutting appear.

In FIG. 2, the mouthpiece 5 of the device according to FIG. 1 is enlarged Scale shown. At the end of the end piece at which the material to be cut emerges Gegenmes water 18 and 19 arranged, which are held clamped on one side and with a free, non-clamped longitudinal edge in the of the cutting edges 7 of orbit 6 described wet 8 protrude. The unconstrained area of the Counter knife can yield elastically. Each Nesser 8 is between two clamping jaws 2C and 21 of a knife clamp held clamped, the jaw 21 against the Ness cutting edge 7 protrudes further than the clamping jaw 20 Knife more resistant to breakage.

In FIG. 3 there is a knife 8 running past the counter knife 19 shown again on an enlarged scale.

The same components are provided with the same reference numbers as in the figure 2. The cutting edge strikes against the free, resilient longitudinal edge of the counter knife 19 and deflects it downward, as shown by dash-dotted lines is. The cutting edge 7 of the knife 8 and the longitudinal edge of the counter knife 19 are thus dragging past each other, which advantageously results in a self-sharpening Cut results.

The effect of the abrasive, self-sharpening cut results from Figure 4, in which a wet 8 is shown again on an enlarged scale is. The wet 8 held between the clamping jaws 21 and 20 becomes with each revolution re-sharpened by the grinding device on the knife waiting 11. From the weary one Counter knife is also the cutting edge 7 by the action during the cut of the counter knife broken, as shown in exaggerated form in FIG. By the measures according to the invention thus takes place a sharpening of the cutting edge 7 of the Knife from both sides, while only through a previously known regrinding sharpening from one side was possible. Because they always have something blunt cutting edge 7 of the knife due to the abrasive counter knife is broken and sharpened, a pointed, very sharp and well-cutting edge is formed Cutting edge that enables a cut with the dust content of the cut material is decreased.

In Fig. 5 the mouthpiece 5 of the device is schematically in section shown. The same components are again denoted by the same reference numbers. In this exemplary embodiment, the abrasive cut is that which runs around the web 6 Cutting edges 7 of the knife 8 according to a second solution achieved in that before the upper and the lower edge of the mouthpiece 5 protruding into the orbit 6 DchleiS strips 24 and 25 are set. The wear strip 24 consists the end Hard metal and is soldered to a connector 26, which is then in front of the Edge of the mouthpiece, for example, can be screwed. The drawing clearly shows like the front side 27 of the wear strip 24 made of hard metal in the orbit 6 protrudes, so that with each passage of a cutting edge 7 of a knife 8 comes to the desired, the cut-improving grinding.

The bar 25 placed in front of the lower edge of the mouthpiece 5 can also consist of hard metal and is then in turn over a here but not shown connector held. The upper one, as a counter knife when cutting acting edge of the lower -.chleiß-Eiste 25 is, as shown, with one more or less steep bevel 28 which deflects the cutting edge 7 of the knife 8 and consequently enables the surface 29 of the strip 25 to be worn. The area 29 can also run parallel to the orbit 6.

However, it can also increase in such a way that the one causing the wear Contact pressure increased or decreased.

It goes without saying that a contact pressure that causes wear can be applied also adjust so that the entire end piece is presented against the orbit will. For this purpose, suitable adjusting devices with spindles or the like. intended which are not shown here any further.

Blank page

Claims (16)

Claims: 1. Device for cutting vegetable matter, especially tobacco, with a funnel-shaped press box in which the poured Compacted material to be cut and a mouthpiece located on the exit side of the press chest is supplied, with a preferably about a horizontal axis in front of the mouthpiece rotating knife carrier with rotating knives that can be guided past the mouthpiece while cutting are, and with a knife grinding device arranged in the orbit of the knife, characterized in that a grinding body (10) of the knife grinding device (g) with the bevel facing away from the material to be cut emerging from the mouthpiece (5) Knife surface, the ii; esserwarte (11), is in operative connection, and that on the mouthpiece resiliently protruding into the orbit (6) of the cutting edges (7) of the knives (8) resilient counter knives (18,19) are arranged. 2. Lorrichtung according to claim 1, characterized in that each Counter knife (18, 19) designed as a steel rail clamped on the mouthpiece (5) is, whose one longitudinal edge against the orbit (6) of the cutting edges (?) of the knife (8) protrudes. 3. Device for cutting vegetable matter, in particular Tobacco, with a funnel-shaped platen, in who poured the Compacted material to be cut and one located on the exit side of the press box Mouthpiece is supplied, with a preferably about a horizontal axis in front of the Mouthpiece rotating eaters around revolving knives that cut on the mouthpiece can be guided past, and with an esser grinding device arranged in the orbit of the knife, characterized in that a grinding body (10) of the Kesser grinding device (9) with the bevel facing away from the material to be cut emerging from the mouthpiece (5) Knife surface, the kesserwarte (11), is in .wlirkverbindungen, and that at least one of the two approximately horizontal exit-side free edges of the mouthpiece (5) at least partially into the orbit (6) of the cutting edges (7) of the knives (8) protrudes. 4. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the in the orbit (6) of the cutting edges (7) of the .llesser (8) the protruding area free front (27) of a bar placed in front of the upper edge of the mouthpiece (5) (24) is. 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the material for the strip (24) is hard metal. 6. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that that a region protruding into the orbit (6) forms a lower counter knife the lower edge of the mouthpiece (5) has a chamfer (28). 7. Device according to one of claims 1 or 3, characterized in that that each knife (8) than in clamping elements (20,21) of the rotating knife carrier clamped steel rail with a cutting edge (7) sharpened the ends Long edge is trained. 8. Device according to one of claims 1.5 and 7, characterized in that that the cutting edge (7) opposite longitudinal edge of each knife (8) in a Zpannpratze is clamped, which is approximately transverse to the Hotationsachse of the knife carrier is movably guided in the rotating knife carrier. 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that each Clamping claw with the knife (8) and associated clamping elements (20, 21) in one Unit is summarized around a parallel to the axis of rotation Axis is pivotably mounted in the rotating knife carrier. 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the Unit assigned a forced guidance, z. .. a linkage, for the pivoting is. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that on the clamping claw is an adjusting spindle that continuously feeds the assigned knife (8) (15) attacks. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that each Adjusting spindle (15) is coupled to an infeed gear. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the Infeed gear is a planetary gear that is independent of the rotation of the knife carrier is. 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that each Adjusting spindle (15) the planet gear attached to the pivot axis of the structural unit (13) of the planetary gear is assigned that the sun gear (12) of the planetary gear is mounted on the axis of rotation of the knife carrier that sun gear and planet gear are coupled miteinanaer via a toothed belt (14), and that the sun gear via an infeed rotary drive (17) which brings about the infeed of the knives is rotatable. 15. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the press chest with the mouthpiece (5) about a parallel to the axis of itotation of the knife carrier aligned axis (23) is tiltable. 16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that the Press box is supported on a detachable support element, which with an instelleinrichtung for the limit value of a supporting force that causes a disengagement in the event of an overload is.