DE3207372A1 - Distributor unit for heating and/or cooling systems operating with a flowable heat-transfer medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The distributor unit represented is formed essentially from a main supply column (17), two individual distribution columns (2, 3) and a transverse distributor (4). The hollow columns (1-3) are constructed as square tubes and sub-divided by a retracted partition (9) into a flow chamber (11) and a return chamber (12). A partition (13) divides the transverse distributor (4) into a flow chamber (15) which is connected via openings (16, 17) to the chambers of the hollow columns (1-3). The latter surround and accommodate all the necessary fittings of the distributor unit, are enclosed by a circumferentially sealed thermal casing (43) and combined to form a panel (110) which adjoins and is lined up with the ceiling of the building. The heat losses are greatly reduced, production is simplified, and the lines (27) can be laid even before the distributor unit is installed. A control and regulating column (56) having individual equipment inserts (57) can be joined to the panel (10) or integrated therein. <IMAGE>

Description

Distribution unit for with a flow

capable heat transfer medium working piping and / or cooling systems The invention relates to a distribution unit for having a flowable heat transfer medium working heating and / or cooling systems for connecting a plurality of branch lines on main, supply and return lines, with a large number of identical structural units, which are combined in a side-by-side arrangement and surrounded by thermal insulation.

In thermal energy supply systems through which a media flow are generally used to divide this volume flow horizontally located distributor blocks made of round pipes. Such horizontal Distributor blocks located there serve the task of flowing through the flow and return sides Divide media in individual groups vertically upwards. This perpendicular to the manifold arranged individual groups also consist of round pipes between the through Threaded or flange connections pumps, shut-off valves as well as control, measuring and Controller bodies are installed.

The task of these individual forward and return groups is to control the flow through Medium, regulated and controlled according to the requirements, the consumer units to feed. In the case of thermal systems, such as central heating systems, the Requirement that the heat generated be sent to the heat consumer as quickly as possible and without losses forward.

The distributor blocks and the vertical individual groups, e.g. Central heating systems housed in the boiler room must comply with the standard receive pipe insulation against heat loss. Almost exclusively only in large systems The valves, pump bodies, regulator bodies as well as flanges and sleeves are also found here insulated against heat loss. In the case of smaller heating systems, it becomes economical Reasons and for reasons of the difficult to install overall thermal insulation over all Fittings and fittings, this very important insulation is generally dispensed with.

Today, the difficulties described above are transformed into heat distribution systems only on the pipe side, but not - as is now legal in the Federal Republic of Germany is prescribed- also insulated on the valve body side between heat generation and Heat dissipation is a very important intermediate element that carries heat in the form of heat distribution systems switched on, which in known systems does not meet today's requirements for savings of thermal energy. It is also not possible with conventional materials and superstructures on the construction site to meet the requirements.

To what order of magnitude of total heat losses in the Federal Republic Germany goes with these systems in central heating systems, show the following Numbers: In the Federal Republic of Germany, 4.8 million are currently oil-fired The shelves are monitored and checked for their exhaust gas losses. If you take this only small one Number of actually operated central heating systems in Germany as This results in the following picture: On the basis of an average hot water heating flow temperature of 50 "C, calculated over the whole day, and an ambient temperature of 20" C a non-insulated valve body with a nominal size of DN 50 gives approx. 90 watts per hour of heat.

In the rule group of a medium warm water central heating system are installed: 2 flow valves, 2 return valves, 1 control valve, 1 circulation pump, a total of 6 valves for each control group. On average, every central heating system has but two control groups with 12 valve bodies, which lead to a heat loss of 1080 Watt h lead (with uninsulated valve bodies).

With 24-hour operation, this results in a heat loss of approx. 26,000 watt h / day = 26 kWh / day. Assuming a heating period of approx. 210 days in the calculation, this results in 26 x 210 = approx. 5460 kWh / year for the ones mentioned at the beginning 4.8 million currently monitored central heating systems result in a volume of heat loss of approx. 26.2 million hllnrh = 26,200 GtVh.

The invention is based on the distribution unit mentioned at the outset the basic task of developing this unit in such a way that it is simplified and cheaper production improves the flow processes and reduces losses Thermal energy can be significantly reduced.

To solve this problem, at least some of the distribution units than with integrated, built-in valves of a control system such as shut-off, throttle, Control and deflection elements, feed pumps and the like. Provided and a panel summarized cuboid 1ohlsäulen formed by a in their longitudinal direction extending partition wall are each divided into a flow chamber and a return chamber.

The entire distribution unit is formed as a closed panel exceptionally compact with low volume and a correspondingly small outer surface to be carried out, therefore to be insulated from the outside as a whole in a simple manner. The heat-emitting surfaces are also thereby diminished that almost all of them required for the various control and regulation processes Fittings are housed within the walls of the individual hollow columns, so themselves cannot give off any heat to the outside.

There are therefore no connecting lines between the directly to pull in adjacent pillar chambers.

un Since the flow and return chambers adjoin one another, There is only the heat shift that is necessary anyway in the respective flow circuits by raising the return temperature before it is fed into the boiler.

Due to the panel design, the entire unit can be pushed into place Align exactly on the ceiling so that the pipe connections on the distributor unit are also aligned and have them assigned to each other on the building exactly at the specified height. tfan can lay before the unit is delivered and installed. Its manufacture is in turn simplified by the compact arrangement regardless of how it is is built and controlled. You can easily seal the whole unit with one provided with a heat-insulating cover and also protected against heat loss in the building build in.

In principle, the thermal insulation can be carried out after the panel has been completed in principle also at the construction site, but preferably during pre-assembly, and especially with the last procedure it is advisable to use the hollow columns at least on the panel outer surfaces with a prefabricated, firmly attached to its wall Thermal insulation layer with openings only for the necessary connection of display and control elements.

The individual hollow columns or square tubes, which are also oriented horizontally can be, can basically be in one piece in a common hollow plate classify that through numerous partition walls in individual, adjacent flow channels is divided. However, there can be heat transfers between switched on and disconnected created circuits. For this reason are expediently the double-chamber hollow columns assigned to each flow circuit provided at intermediate distances from each other and against each other, in particular below Thermal insulation layers firmly attached to their side surfaces.

In principle, each hollow column can thus be circumferentially locked with a Be encased in an insulating shell, which dissipates heat in practically all directions belittles.

At the head or foot ends of the llohlsaulen it is advisable to have cuboid Cross distributor connected for total supply and return. Such cross distributors too can be prefabricated and, if necessary, with clamp connections at corresponding transition openings connect in the Mohl columns. Such a transverse distributor can be installed at the front on the upper, another be attached to the face at the lower end, so completely in Arrange the rectangular shape of the panel.

The panel should have at least one in its plane along the individual distribution columns arranged main supply column for the passage of the entire heat transfer medium for all branch lines to be connected. This way is a preset or regulation in the entire heating or cooling circuit of the system possible without that this causes remarkable heat losses or is a disturbance to the outside world occurs. Although usually the same cross-sections for the individual Ilohl columns and whose chambers are striven for, these chambers can still be within of the panel different widths and thus the volume of the flowing Adjust media.

A thermostatically controllable one can be installed in each of the hollow columns Attach the feed pump, its connecting parts for the drive motor attached outside are passed through the front insulation. So you can change the individual moods j # according to lVllrmobodarS actuators or influence the temperatures of the flowing media.

Connection pipe stubs can be made from the load-bearing wall of the hollow columns lead through the insulating sleeve to the outside and preferably with a molded one Insulating sleeve surrounds. You then need to make the pipe connections to complete the insulation only at a distance from the hollow column.

Each hollow column can be used to transfer heat transfer media of heat from one pillar chamber through the plane of the partition into the adjacent one Assign pillar chamber.

While this was previously separate, mostly exposed line connections made necessary, the partition forms the only easy-to-overcome barrier here, for example when the return temperature is raised before it is fed into the boiler.

So can be in the partition in the action area of the feed pump Provide at least one opening, and this can be adjusting means for setting d is assigned to the regulation of the flow passed through this opening be.

Furthermore, flow guide means can be used to guide the opening to the flow in the column chamber downstream of the opening. For example these guide means can be in the downstream column chamber upstream of the opening provided, aligned along the partition wall guide elements for the largely laminar Introduction of the main flow and downstream of the opening to the partition plane have differently inclined vortex and / or mixer guide elements. Let it be once the two partial flows come together in the desired way. and mix them together and then mix thoroughly so that you only have a small gap of the mixing elements and therefore, in a matter of seconds, the possibly for others Can measure the temperature required for control processes. In this way, the Length of the controlled system or

shorten the pillars.

The opening or a further opening in the partition is preferably assigned a thermostatically controllable mixing valve that the Guide flow adjusts automatically after a sensed temperature.

It has proven to be particularly useful, at least in the main supply column the heat transfer medium in divided longitudinal shafts in both chambers of the hollow column to arrange. At least in the divided longitudinal shaft of one of the two pillar chambers the or a feed pump can then be attached to the suction or pressure side can be arranged in their shaft.

The two longitudinal shafts can also be passed through at one end complete a common end arc delimiting the opening. One can therefore start a reverse control by switching on the pump, which is based on a U-shaped loop part of the flow from the flow chamber into the return chamber convicted. At the outlet end of the downstream longitudinal shaft should then if possible again a mixing device for mixing the shaft flow be provided with the rest of the chamber flow.

Another embodiment of the invention is characterized by the formation of the heat transfer means as the partition wall is essentially fluid-tight penetrating heat transfer elements with large heat exchange surfaces in both Longitudinal shafts. Such heat transfer media are known per se and are required no separate energy supply to improve the heat transfer, they leave but activate themselves by switching on a pump on at least one side, because in this way the heat gradient and thus the heat transfer flow increases will. In any case, you do not need the heat transfer medium from one chamber to divert to the other, but only to heat up through the partition wall (or to cool down).

In this way, heat transfer elements can be used that are based on the type of "heat pipe" each have a tubular hollow body, which is connected to a flowable Refrigerant is filled, the condensation temperature of which is slightly higher than the temperature the return chamber is located. A flow then forms in the opposite direction in the upper part to the flow in the lower part of the transverse hollow body, the first vaporous refrigerant condenses in the return chamber, into the flow chamber flows back and evaporates there again by heating at the higher temperature. Such devices are known, inter alia, from "Gesundheits-Ingenieur, 1976, pp 164-167" and do not require any further explanation.

The individual hollow columns can in particular be provided with an insulating layer provided through to a supporting wall to be fastened retaining rail, which is preferably * Laterally projecting connection flanges are formed and then for example with such a distance from the body of the hollow column can be angled that they the edge grip around a thermal insulation layer and hold it. * through It can also be used for the thermal insulation layers adjacent hollow pillars a distance for a space to accommodate additional Have facilities such as electrical wiring and installation parts. These rooms usually do not have to be stripped, but can easily be with a cover strip to be closed to the outside.

The connection flanges are expediently Z-shaped with one another overlapping edge parts formed. For neighboring columns you can then use the use the same screws. On the support rails or connection flanges. will in particular U-shaped guide rails for removable appliance parts to be inserted provided, which can be attached quickly and easily and replaced if necessary permit.

The panel arrangement is also adapted to one with the same height (or length) and depth laterally adjoining the panel, in particular in this integrated, a control and regulation column with individually removable inserts for Measurement, control and regulation groups. This column can at least go towards the panel be shielded by a thermal insulation layer.

In the drawing showing the invention, for example Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a distribution unit according to the invention with for Hollow columns cut towards the upper end, FIG. 2 shows a section through such a column Flohlsäule along the line II / II in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows a section through this column according to the line 111/111 in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 shows a section through two adjacent hollow columns according to line IV / IV in Fig. 2, Fig. 5 on an enlarged scale the point V from Fig. 4, 6 a schematic front view of the distribution unit, partially sealed cut under the front panels, FIG. 7 shows a section through this distribution unit according to the line VII / VII in Fig. 6, Fig. 8 such a section according to the line VIII / VIII in Fig. 6, Fig. 9 a representation corresponding to FIG. 6 of a in the area of Main distribution columns modified distribution unit and FIGS. 10 and 11 7 and 8 corresponding representations of this modification.

The distribution unit shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 is essentially formed from a main supply column 1, two individual distribution columns 2, 3 and a transverse distributor 4 attached to its foot end. The sub-columns 1 to 3 are, As can best be seen with regard to the individual distributor columns 2, 3 with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5 can be explained, cuboid or designed as square hollow tubes, whose Body a front wall 5, a rear wall 6 and two side walls 7, 8.

Through a longitudinally drawn-in partition wall 9 in the column body, the Hollow columns divided into two equally sized sub-chambers, a flow chamber 11 and a return chamber 12.

The body of the parallelepiped-shaped transverse distributor is in the same way 4 divided by a partition 13 into two distribution chambers, an upper flow chamber 14 and a lower return chamber 15. This chamber is connected to the chambers of the individual Hollow columns, with the flow chambers through openings 16 and with the return chambers through openings 17 in connections.

The transverse distributor 4 can optionally at the lower or upper end of the Be adapted to hollow columns. One chamber can also be attached at the top and the other at the bottom, this results in a better classification in the panel level.

Instead of attaching the two sub-chambers 11, 12 side by side, leave it they are basically arranged one behind the other, but at least with a larger one Develop depth as initially intended.

Apart from the transverse distributor 4, the hollow columns can in any case 1> 2, 3 in a manner to be described later to form a closed plate body, a panel, which can be summarized as a whole about consoles 18 so Can attach to a building wall 19 that the upper end of the panel 20 with the Room ceiling 21 is flush.

In principle, of course, the columns or square tubes can also be horizontal and the cross manifold are arranged vertically.

In each of the two sub-chambers 11, 12 there is a shut-off valve at the bottom 22, a similar shut-off valve 23 is attached at the top. At the lower end is a drain port 24, a ventilation port 25 is provided at the top. Close below this a pipe socket 26 protrudes from the front wall. Connection of the various lines 27

28 is an insert opening for a thermometer *, 29 one in the flow chamber 11 arranged feed pump and 30 arranged in the return chamber 12 check valve. * 281 There is a first opening in the partition 9 below the feed pump 29 31 attached, which is a setting member which can be preset from the outside by means of a toggle 32 is assigned. This setting element limits once by means of a cylinder segment 33 the free opening of the opening 31 and also leads depending on the setting a more or less large amount of flow from the return chamber 12 through the Opening through into the flow chamber 11.

In this are close to and outside the path of the cylinder segment 33 first guide vanes 34 arranged parallel to the partition wall 9 upstream and Mixing elements 35 inclined differently to the partition wall are attached downstream. Part of the forward flow is initially transverse through the guide vane 34 introduced into the flow branched off from the return flow into the flow chamber, and this mixed flow is intimately mixed by the mixing elements 35, so already the mixed temperature can be exactly felt and displayed on the thermometer 281.

A further opening 40 is made below the opening 31, which is occupied with a thermostatically controllable A1ischventil 36, the shut-off segment 37 in the operating position Fig. 3 blocks the flow of the return chamber, so the entire flow returned in the return chamber back into the flow chamber initiates. The control can be located in the column, next to it or on arranged control and regulating devices, in particular from information from Thermometer 281 of both column chambers be influenced.

In the main supply column 1, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 through an intermediate wall 38 on the front wall 5 in both column chambers 71, 81 above the opening 311 made only in the front part, two longitudinal shafts 39, 41 compartmentalized. The feed pump 291 is only in the longitudinal shaft 39 of the flow chamber 71 arranged. Both chambers are just like the opening 311 by a curved one End curve 42 limited. In the longitudinal shaft 41 of the return chamber 81, that is only Check valve 301 placed on this part is attached and at the outlet end of the shaft a mixer device 60, which in turn mixes the two Partial flows in the return chamber 81 caused. The feed pump acting as an injection pump 291 is controlled by a thermostat 67 in the return chamber.

As can be seen above all from Fig. 5, are on the rear wall 6 of the individual Pillars laterally protruding Z-shaped edge strips 50 are formed, their intermediate web 59 has a predetermined distance a from the respective side wall 7 to 8, which the thickness of a thermal insulation layer adapted over the entire circumference around the body of the column corresponds to n3, which is formed by a U-shaped shell 44 and a plate part 45, which forms a leading edge 46 protruding into the head on both sides. In this way, there is a positive alignment of the plate part 45 with the column body achieved. It can also be screw fixing to the wall or a suitable one Intermediate carriers are carried out from the flange ends 47.

Depending on how wide the adjacent one between the thermal insulation layers Columns desired space 48 is to be, one can the flange edges laterally arrange them next to each other or allow them to overlap each other. To this end can also the one web 59 be dimensioned to be somewhat shorter than the other.

One of the two leading edge strips 46 can be at the joint Cut off 49.

A C-shaped Elalteschiene can also be attached to the flange ends 47 51, into which various parts of the device, possibly also let hang an intermediate plate 53, for example there raised shields electrical lines 54 while they are about to attach, for example of compressed air control lines or the like. 54 enable. The space then becomes outward 48 completed by a strip cover 55.

As Fig. 1 shows, can be laterally next to the panel 10 or auc partially integrated into this insert a control and regulation column 56, in their Inserts 57 to accommodate a wide variety of control, measuring and regulating devices are. The individual connections to the various Hollow columns can be inserted under, over or in the thermal insulation layer as required, Rooms 48 are also recommended for the elevation.

Instead of attaching the various hollow columns separately to the wall, they can also be attached to one or more intermediate supports, such as the upper or lower one The end of the transverse rods attached to the rear.

consist of a stable and thermally insulating plastic and on are attached to the wall. The panel can also be thermally insulating with respect to the consoles 18 be shielded.

A thermal insulation layer can also be used on the entire circumference of each hollow column also attached to their end faces and to the outer surfaces of the transverse distributor Will. This means that all parts of the distribution unit carrying the heat transfer medium are stripped on their outer surface. The fittings installed inside the hollow columns are partly with thin connecting elements through the one on the front wall 5 Thermal insulation layer connected through to the external parts. this is also valid for the rotor 292 of the pump 29. In addition, each pipe socket 26 has an outer socket 261, which enables an insulating sleeve 58 to be inserted. By the panel pushing against the room blankets can also be closed align the various connecting lines 27 before installing the panel is.

Deviating from the previous embodiment, it is omitted according to FIG. 9 to 11 the opening 311 with the end curve previously provided in the partition 9 42. Rather, it is in a section between the two longitudinal shafts of approximately the same length 61, 62 in the partition wall a heat transfer unit 63 with a plurality of individual Heat transfer tubes 64 attached.

The heat transfer tubes 64 are with a temperature range matched refrigerant filled, which evaporates in the longitudinal shaft 61 of the flow chamber 81 is, the steam along the top wall of the pipe to the longitudinal shaft 62 of the return chamber -81 migrates towards and condenses there. After the condensate has returned to the longitudinal shaft 61 the cycle begins again. The intensity of the heat transfer can be determined by simple motorized flap valves 65, 66 which control the flow Inhibit or release in the two longitudinal shafts.

A feed pump 291 according to FIG. 6 can of course also be used there can be used when the intensity of the heat transfer is more strongly influenced target.

Claims (24)

Distribution unit for with a flowable heat transfer medium working heating and / or cooling systems claims j 'distributor unit for with one flowable. Heating medium working oil heating and / or cooling systems for Connection of a plurality of branch lines to main supply and return lines, with a plurality of identical or similar distribution units arranged next to one another summarized are surrounded by thermal insulation, characterized in that at least some of the distribution units as having built-in fittings a control strut such as shut-off, throttle, control and deflection elements, feed pumps and the like. Cuboid Ilohl columns which are provided and combined to form a panel (10) (1-3) are formed by a partition wall extending in its longitudinal direction (9) are each subdivided into a flow chamber (11) and a return chamber (12). 2. Distribution unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow columns (1-3) at least on the panel outer surfaces with a prefabricated, thermal insulation layer (44, 45) with openings only attached firmly to its wall are provided for the necessary connection, display and operating elements. 3. Distribution unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the double-chamber hollow columns (1-3) provided at intermediate distances from each other and against each other, in particular stripped under thermal insulation layers (44) firmly attached to their side surfaces are. 4. Distribution unit according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by cuboid transverse distributors connected to the head or foot of the fluted columns (4) for total forward and reverse. 5. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the panel has at least one in its plane along the individual distribution columns (2,3) arranged main supply column (1) for the passage of the entire heat transfer medium for all branch lines (27) to be connected. 6. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that in at least one hollow column (1-3) a thermostatically controllable feed pump (29,291) is attached, their connecting parts for the externally attached drive motor (292) are passed through the front insulation (44). 7. Distribution unit according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that that from the load-bearing wall of the hollow columns (1-3) connecting pipe socket (26) the insulating sleeve (44, 45) is led to the outside and preferably from a molded one Isolating sleeve (261) are surrounded. 8. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that each Tlo} 1l column (1-3) heat transfer means for transferring heat from a column chamber (11) through the plane of the partition (9) into the adjacent one Column chamber (12) are assigned. 9. Distribution unit according to claim 8, characterized in that in the partition (9) in the area of action of the conveying the pump (29,291) at least one opening (31) is provided and its adjusting means (31) for adjustment or control of the flow passed through this opening are. 10. Distribution unit according to claim 9, characterized in that the opening (31) flow guide means (34,35) for guiding the flow in the the column chamber (11) connected downstream of the opening. 11. Distribution unit according to claim 9, characterized in that the conducting means in the downstream column chamber upstream of the opening (31) provided, along the partition (9) aligned guide elements (34) for the most part laminar introduction of the main flow and downstream of the opening to the partition plane have differently inclined vortex and / or mixer guide elements (35). 12. Distribution unit according to claim 11, characterized in that the or a further opening (40) of the partition wall (9), in particular a thermostatic controllable mixing valve (36) is assigned. 13. Distribution unit according to claim 8, 9 or 19, characterized in that that at least in the main supply column (1) the heat transfer means in divided longitudinal shafts (39,41) of both chambers (71,81) of the hollow column are (Figures 6-11). 14. Distribution unit according to claim 13, characterized in that at least in the divided longitudinal shaft (39) of one of the two column chambers (71, 81) a feed pump (291) is attached (Fig. 6). 15. Distribution unit according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that that the two longitudinal shafts (39, 41) at one end through an opening (311) limiting common end bow (42) are completed. 16. Distributor arrangement according to claim 13, 14 or 15, characterized through one at the outlet end of the downstream longitudinal duct (41) arranged mixing device (60) for mixing the shaft flow with the rest Chamber flow (Fig. 6). 17. Distribution unit according to one of claims 8, 13, 14 or 16, characterized by the formation of the heat transfer means as the partition wall (9) heat transfer elements penetrating substantially in a fluid-tight manner (64) with large heat exchanger surfaces in both longitudinal shafts (61,62, Fig. 9-11). 18. Distribution unit according to claim 17, characterized in that the heat transfer elements (64) each have a tubular hollow body (heats nine), which is filled with a flowable refrigerant whose The condensation temperature is in the range of the temperature of the return chamber (81). 19. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the individual hollow pillars (1-3) with in particular by a thermal insulation layer (45) provided through to a supporting wall (19) to be fastened holding rails are, preferably by laterally projecting connecting flanges (50) of the hollow columns (1-3) are formed. 20. Distribution unit according to claim 19, characterized in that the connecting flanges (50) angled at such a distance from the body of the hollow column (1-3) are that they encompass the edge of a thermal insulation layer (43,44) (Fig. 5). 21. \ dividing unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the thermal insulation layers (43,44) of adjacent hollow columns (1-3) a distance for one Gap (18) to accommodate additional facilities such as lines (54) and Have installation parts. 22. Distribution unit according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized characterized in that the connecting flanges (50) are Z-shaped with each other overlapping Edge parts (47) are formed (Fig. 5). 23. Distribution unit according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized characterized in that on the llalteschienen or connecting flanges (47) in particular U-shaped guide rails (51) are provided for removable appliance parts are. 24. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that that with the same height (or length) and depth laterally adjoining the panel (10), in particular integrated in this, a control and regulating column (56) with individually removable inserts (57) for measuring, control and regulating groups is provided.