DE3019610A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING A PARTICULAR SURFACE DESIGN OF A NON-ROTATING WORKPIECE - Google Patents

Description

71-23 EN

Method and device for producing a specific surface shape of a non-rotating workpiece.

The invention relates to a method for generating a specific Surface shape of a non-rotating workpiece and a device for performing this method, both of which can be used in particular for the surface design of cylindrical workpieces.

So far, gears, pinions and the like have been produced in such a way that the workpiece is in a longitudinally movable workpiece holder was clamped and then rotated while surface machining was being performed. Such a thing Method is not very suitable for use in machine lines for transmission parts.

Let devices for shaping the surface of a workpiece, such as copy milling, hobbing cutters, planes and the like usually adapt to a large number of shapes and sizes, but have a slow production speed. In many cases they are therefore unnecessarily large.

The invention is based on the object of a method and. to create a device of the type mentioned, which is particularly suitable for use in machine lines and especially for mass production. The device according to the invention allows the workpiece to be clamped with a single clamping device, so that scratching of the

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Workpiece is less to be feared. The device can be used to produce a specific surface shape build so that it is not unnecessarily large and complicated.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that a rotatable cutting tool in an orbit around the Workpiece is moved.

The device for performing this method is characterized by a tool holder that can be rotated about an axis, by a cutting tool mounted eccentrically to the axis of the tool holder and by a drive device for turning the tool holder and the cutting tool.

Further developments result from the subclaims.

The invention is additionally described below with reference to schematic drawings of several exemplary embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a side view of a thread milling machine;

FIG. 2 is an end view of the thread milling machine of FIG Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section along the line III-III of Fig. 2;

Figure 4 is a partial top plan view of the milling head;

Figure 5 is a section on line V-V of Figure 4;

Fig. 6 is a section along the line VI-VI of Fig. 5;

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Fig. 7 is an end view, partially in section, of the end of the thread milling machine used for Generating helical shapes is modified;

Fig. 8 is a partially sectioned view taken along line VIII-VIII of Fig. 7;

9 is a side view of the hobbing machine according to FIG Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a partially sectioned plan view to a modified embodiment of the Walζfräsmaschine according to Fig. 2;

Fig. 11 is an end view of a milling machine for generating non-cylindrical surfaces;

Figure 12 is a partial view taken along the line XII-XII of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a longitudinal section through a gear milling cutter;

l-'ig. 14 shows the control device for the gear milling cutter according to Fig. 10;

: - ':., · ^] Fig. 5 is an end view of a scraper cutter;

rig. 16 is a partial sectional view taken along the line XVI-XVI of Fig. 12, and

FIG. 17 is a section along the line XVII-XVII of FIG.

030048/0891 ORIGINAL BATHROOM

According to the invention, the desired shape of the surface of a non-rotating workpiece is generated in that a rotating tool revolves around the workpiece. The longitudinal expansion of the form is achieved in that at least the tool or the workpiece are moved in the longitudinal direction. A helical surface can be through a achieve coordinated orbital movement and longitudinal movement of the tool, so that this a helical path in relation to the workpiece.

In certain methods for creating surface shapes ^ For example in gear production, the cutting movement of the tool is achieved by relative movement in the longitudinal direction of the Workpiece generated, being in the opposite direction of movement do not attack the tool on the workpiece carf. This is done by having the tool in the Working direction is brought into contact radially with the workpiece, while it is radial during the return movement is moved in the opposite direction so that it is free from the workpiece.

In hobbing, the shape is created by using the cutting tool is rotated about an axis which is not parallel to the axis of rotation of the cutting tool, the Rotary movement and the orbital movement of the cutting tool are coordinated. The nature of this coordination is wider described below when discussing a hobbing machine.

In gear milling, the cutting tool is rotated around an axis that is practically parallel to the axis of rotation of the cutting tool lies, and the rotary motion as well as the orbital motion the same are coordinated again with the cutting tool moved in the longitudinal direction relative to the workpiece

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is or vice versa and with the opposite movement the cutting tool is lifted from the workpiece.

When scraping or peeling, the cutting tool can rotate freely around an axis that is not parallel to the Axis of a partially formed workpiece is, so that an axial component of movement of the cutting tool with respect to the workpiece, so that the workpiece is machined in the longitudinal direction.

1 and 2 show a hobbing machine 10, the one Has cover 11, which only in relation to a Base plate 12 is movable longitudinally. The machine further comprises a milling head 13 which is rotatably mounted around the Axis of a shaft 14. A milling cutter 15 is attached to the milling head eccentrically to its axis in a plane, which intersects the axis of the milling head. This cutter is set in rotation at a certain speed, so that there is a fixed ratio of its speed to the speed of the milling head. A workpiece 16 is in Alignment with the axis of the milling head held clamped and the milling head then switched on so that it is around the The workpiece rotates according to the speed of the drive shaft 14 and is advanced in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece in that the actual machine is advanced in relation to the base plate 12 by a push rod 17.

According to FIG. 3, the milling machine 10 comprises a milling head 13 which has at least one rotatable part 20 which passes through Bearing 21 is held in the non-rotatable housing 11. The drive shaft 14 is concentric to the rotatable part and is rotatably held in the milling head by means of bearings 22. An intermediate shaft 23 is in the parallel to the drive shaft

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Milling head 13 mounted by means of bearings 24. This intermediate shaft is by means of a drive mechanism 25 (namely a spur gear 26 on the drive shaft and a spur gear 27 in engagement therewith on the intermediate shaft) with the drive shaft coupled. A planetary gear 28 is seated on the intermediate shaft and is in mesh with a sun gear 29, which concentric to the drive shaft in the housing 11 is fixed. It can be seen that when the drive shaft rotates in the housing the intermediate shaft is also set in rotation via the spur gears 26 and 27 and thereby mediated by the Planet gear 28 and the sun gear 29 rotates around the drive shaft. Since the intermediate shaft is rotatably supported in the milling head 13 it rotates around the drive shaft in the housing. The housing is in the axial direction of the milling head linearly movable, namely by means of a push rod 17. It is mounted on early rods 32 which are fastened to the base plate 12 are guided by means of guide bearings 31.

A drive unit 32 is arranged between the intermediate shaft 23 and the milling spindle 41. On the intermediate shaft 23 sits a bevel gear 34 which meshes with another bevel gear 35 which is seated on a gear shaft 36 which is rotatably mounted in the milling head 13 by means of bearings 37 and on which a drive gear 38 sits, which has a driven gear 39 is in engagement, which is keyed to the output shaft 4 0, which merges into the milling spindle 41. The output shaft is rotatably supported in bearings 42 on a milling slide 43, which can be moved linearly and back and forth on the milling head 13 in the axial direction of the output shaft. The milling carriage 43 is arranged on the milling head in such a way that the axis of the output shaft 40 and the milling spindle 41 are offset with respect to the axis of the drive shaft 14. The amount of this offset is chosen so that a cutter 15 clamped on the cutter spindle 41 has the desired shape on the surface of a workpiece 16 concentric to the

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Axis of the milling head 13 is generated. So this is how it works the milling spindle 41 and an attached milling cutter 15 around the axis of the milling head 13 and is at the same time by the Output shaft set in rotation. The gear ratios of the planetary gear 28 to the sun gear 29, the bevel gears 34 and 35 to each other and the drive wheel 38 to the driven gear 39 are selected, for example, so that for each revolution of a single-start cutter around the workpiece, the number of revolutions of the cutter is equal to the number of Teeth of a milled gear. The linear movement of the housing 11 in relation to the base plate 12 does not need to be to be synchronized with the rotary movement or the orbital movement of the milling spindle 41 and the milling cutter 15. the Linear movement only brings the milling cutter into the working position, determines the length of the milled surface on the. Workpiece and brings the cutter out of contact with the workpiece.

In order to equalize the wear and tear of the milling cutter 15 in order to increase its service life and thus to increase its service life, the milling cutter can be moved in the longitudinal direction of its axis. For this purpose, the output shaft 40 is mounted on a milling carriage 43 instead of being driven directly via the bevel gear 35. The drive wheel 38 has a large width so that the driven wheel 39 remains in engagement therewith during the entire longitudinal movement of the milling cutter. Such longitudinal movement can be performed by hand or otherwise, but is best accomplished by hydraulic means, as shown in FIGS. On the cutter carriage 43, a carriage guide nut 45 is attached, which is screwed onto a threaded shaft 46 which is rotatably mounted in the milling head 13 by means of bearings 47 and in a direction only by a Oberholkuppplung 48 in dependence on the rotational

030048/0891 ORIGINAL BATHROOM

movement of a gear 49 is rotated. The gear meshes with a non-rotatable helical keyway piece 50, which by means of a hydraulically actuated piston 51 in relation to a cylinder 52 in the milling head 13 as a function of alternately directed into the fluid openings 53 and 54 Pressure fluid is movable. When pressurized fluid is introduced into the fluid port 53, the piston 51 moves in FIG. 5 viewed to the left, taking the helical keyway piece 50 with it. Since this is not rotatable, gear 49 rotates in accordance with axial movement with respect to helical keyway piece 50. When moved the same to the left (in Fig. 5), the threaded shaft 46 is rotated so that the carriage guide nut 45 to the left the threaded shaft is moved. However, since the carriage guide nut 45 is attached to the milling carriage 43, moves the entire milling carriage seen in Fig. 3 upwards. When pressurized fluid is admitted through fluid port 54, the piston 51 moves to the right and takes the helical keyway piece 50 with it, whereby the gear 49 is in rotates in the opposite direction, so that the overrunning clutch 48 freewheels and the threaded shaft 46 therefore stops. To this Way, the milling carriage 43 retains its position in the milling head 13. The milling carriage is therefore gradually, each time when pressurized fluid is passed through the fluid port 53, moved in steps, and the size of a movement step is determined by the adjustable stop 55, which limits the stroke of the piston 51 and normally ensures that the helical keyway piece 50 always remains in engagement with the gear 49. When the cutter 15 is completely used up and must be replaced or sharpened, the stop 55 is removed or rotated back and pressurized fluid passed into the fluid port 53 so that the helical keyway piece 50 comes out of contact with the gear 49. -

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The threaded shaft 46 is then rotated by hand in such a direction that the carriage guide nut 45 turns to the right moves to one end of a replacement cutter. Pressurized fluid is then passed into opening 54 so that the helical keyway piece 50 comes back into engagement with the gear 49, and the stop 55 is readjusted to the stroke of the piston 51 limit. After this, the step-by-step adjustment of the replacement cutter can again be carried out in the manner described above kick off.

The piston is normally at the right end of cylinder 52 in FIG to avoid play and possible dragging of the overhaul clutch 48 when the piston is in its normal position is located, the milling carriage is meanwhile clamped in a fixed position on the milling head 13. How best to look 5, a piston rod 57 extends axially from the piston 51, the free end of which has an inclined surface 58 which is in contact with a scanner 59. Fig. 6 shows that the cutter carriage 43 is cylindrical Has cross section and is movable in a split cylinder 60 in -är. ^ Srichtung, which is in the milling head 13 by a Axial slot 61 is shaped so that a resilient free standing wall 62 is formed. Through a hole 64 in one Flange 65 at the free end of free standing wall 62 is a bolt 63 is guided, which is screwed adjustably into the scanner 59. When the piston 51 is in its normal Position, that is to say on the right in FIG. 5, the scanner is held down by the inclined surface 58. Through this the flange 65 is also depressed and the axial slot 61 partially closed so that the free-standing wall 62 is fixed is pressed against the milling carriage 43, which is thereby clamped will. When the piston starts moving to the left

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starts to move the cutter carriage up one step, the inclined surface allows the free-standing wall 62 to give way, so that the milling carriage can perform a longitudinal movement.

The one admitted into the cylinder 52 through the fluid port 53 Pressurized fluid passes through the bore 68 in the housing 11 in an annular groove 69 around the rotatable part of the milling head 13 and a line 70 more or less in the longitudinal direction the milling head to the fluid opening 53. Between the rotatable part 20 and the housing 11 are ring seals 71 and 72 on opposite sides of the groove are provided to prevent fluid loss. Pressure fluid arrives in a similar way from the bore 73 to the fluid opening 53. The cylinder 52 is sealed by means of Simmerrings 74 and 75 and the Piston 51 has piston rings 76 and 77.

On the housing 11 sits a rotary drive motor which is coupled to the push rod 17 by means of pulleys and belts, chains and gears or toothed belts and gears. Direct coupling in alignment with the drive shaft is also possible, or by means of keyways that allow relative axial movement. The push rod 17 can be part of a hydraulic or pneumatic working cylinder, for example a linear motor, or a rotary motor in conjunction with a threaded rod and nut or a cam disk with a scanner can be used to generate the linear movement. The workpiece 16 can also be moved back and forth by a linear motor. By using a hollow push rod and a channel in the milling head 13 in alignment with the drive rod, the workpiece can also be passed through the milling machine so that workpieces of any length can be machined . Since the rotary motion and the reciprocating motion do not co-

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must be ordained and since there are no special requirements to be made of these movements, their creation is not further described.

7 to 9 show a modified embodiment of a milling head for producing helical surface shapes. It can be seen that the machine is constructed essentially the same as that shown in FIGS Machine, with the exception of the differences described below. The same components are provided with the same reference numbers, which are only supplemented by an apostrophe. The sun gear 29 'is rotatable in the housing 11 by means of bearings 79 mounted so that the rotational speed of the milling cutter 15 'around the workpiece corresponding to the rotation of the sun gear is increased or decreased, although the rotational speed of the drive shaft 14 'remains constant. A twist of the Sun gear takes place via a shift gear 18, which sits on the sun gear and a slot 81 with a Rack 82 is engaged, which is tangentially movable along a fixed path with respect to the housing 11 ', as by the guide 83 is given. A linearly rising inclined surface 84, the angle of attack of which can be adjusted in a known manner can be moved together with the rack. A relative to the base plate 12 'fixed scanning roller 85, which with the Inclined surface is in contact, causes the housing 11 ' aich moves axially with a tangential movement of the rack. Since this axial movement is proportional to the tangential movement and since this in turn is proportional to the more or less high rotational speed of the milling cutter 15 ', the desired helical movement of the milling head achieved.

According to FIG. 8, the rack 82 and the linear inclined surface 84 are moved in the vertical direction, so that the housing 11 ' forwards during an Ahr downward movement of the inclined surface

03 0J348 / 08 9 1

BATH ORIGINAL

(in Fig. 9 to the right) is moved, through the Push rod 17. This will advance the cutter against the workpiece. When the bevel all the way up is moved, the housing is moved all the way backwards (to the left in Fig. 9) against that of the push rod applied force. In doing so, the milling cutter runs through the helical orbit in relation to the Workpiece. For fast reverse in the event that the milling cutter does not attack the workpiece, the actuating rod be moved back quickly so that the inclined surface comes free of the scanner, and can Move the housing forward quickly until the inclined surface hits the scanning roller again.

To the correct cutting position of the milling cutter 15 'to the workpiece 16 'during the milling of the helical To ensure shape, the milling cutter is a pivot angle ot from the plane normal to the axis of the workpiece swiveled out, where the swivel angle depends on the angle of the helical path to be generated and from depends on the lead angle on the milling head. The swivel angle is influenced by changing the angles of the bevel gears 34 'and 35', so that the drive mechanism is pivoted outside the bevel gears by the pivot angle β <·. This creates an equally large swivel angle of the milling head. The angle of inclination of the linear inclined surface 84 corresponds the swivel angle. By moving the workpiece on the one hand and the milling cutter, the milling head or the whole Machine on the other hand in the lateral direction (usually radial with respect to the workpiece) it is possible not to produce cylindrical surface shapes, such as a cone, or surface shapes whose cross-sections consist of a non-linear baseline, such as an ellipse.

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Fig. 10 shows a device for moving the milling cutter by a cam track 88, which on the milling head 13b a The hobbing machine is seated and in which a guide pin 89, which is firmly seated on a subframe 90, engages, so that upon rotation of the milling head 13 b, the base plate 12 b with respect to the milling machine 10 b radially in With respect to the workpiece 16b along guides 91 on the Positioned below it moves synchronously with the rotary movement of the milling head and thus with the rotary movement around the workpiece. This allows surface shapes with cross-sections generate on non-linear baselines.

Figs. 11 and 12 show a device for generating a combined lateral and axial movement of a reciprocating movable part 93, which double-sided cam surfaces 94, 95, engage in the scanner 96, 97, which are firmly seated against the housing 11c, so that by the reciprocating movement of the part 93 produces the lateral and axial movement.

13 shows the application of the invention to gear milling cutters. The reference numerals are the same as in the case of the hobbing machine according to FIGS. 1-6, with the exception that a quotation mark is added to the reference numerals.

The gear milling cutter 100 has a stationary housing 11 ″, in which a milling head 13 ″ is rotatably mounted in bearings 21 ″. A hollow drive shaft 14 "is also rotatably mounted in the housing by means of bearings 22". Parallel to the same an intermediate shaft 23 "is rotatably arranged in bearings 24" on the milling head. The drive mechanism 25 " includes a spur gear 26 "keyed to the drive shaft and an engaging spur gear 27" on · ■

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the intermediate shaft, which drives it. To the A sun gear 29 ″ is attached to the housing, which is engaged with a planet gear 28 ″, which engages with the intermediate shaft is rotatable so that the milling head rotates in the housing when the drive shaft rotates with respect to the housing is moved. With the exception of the arrangement of the sun gear, the construction is similar to that described in FIGS. 1-6 Milling machine. A drive wheel 101 sits on the intermediate shaft 23 ″ and drives via a free-running gear 103, which runs on a pivot axis 104, a driven gear 102. The pivot axis 104 lies in a fixed one Parallel position to the intermediate shaft 23 "of the milling head 13". The driven gear 102 is mounted on a tube 105, which is rotatably mounted in a U-shaped bracket 106. The open end of this bracket carries the free-running gear and enables pivoting movement of pivot axis 104. The axis of tube 105 has a fixed parallel spacing to the pivot axis, so that the arc 107, which the axis of the tube 105 can traverse, through the axis of the hollow drive shaft 14 ". An output shaft 108 runs through the tube 105 and is connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner, such as by means of keyways (not shown) so that the output shaft is axially with respect to the tube 105 in both Directions is movable. For making helical Surface shaping a helical keyway is used in the tube 105 so that the cutter at a axial movement of the output shaft 108 at the same time performs an additional rotary movement.

A rod 110, which can be moved to and fro, is located in the hollow drive shaft 14 ″. At the end of the rod there is a connecting piece 111 which has a through opening 112 through which the inner diameter of the rod is reduced

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End 113 of the output shaft extends with play. The connector is snugly between a shoulder 114 on the output shaft and a retaining ring 115 on the held inner end. The outer end 116 of the output shaft runs with play through a passage 117 in the Milling head 13 ″ and is set up in such a way that a milling cutter 118 can be attached to the same outside of the housing. The milling cutter can therefore be axially aligned with the rod 110 Move direction back and forth. Moving the cutter outwards causes it to come into contact with the Workpiece 119, which is held in a position concentric to the drive shaft 14 ″. A movement of the Milling cutter in the opposite direction forms the backward stroke of the same with respect to the workpiece (Fig. 10).

It must be ensured that the milling cutter comes into contact with the workpiece during the working stroke and is lifted off the workpiece during the backward stroke. For this purpose, the U-shaped bracket 106 (FIG. 14) is pivoted about the pivot axis 104, so that the milling cutter 118 comes into contact with the workpiece along the arc 107 at the beginning of the working stroke, and during the return stroke the milling cutter is through a opposing pivoting movement of the bracket lifted from the workpiece. This is done by an angle lever mechanism 121 with the angle levers 122 and 123, which are articulated at the kink 124. The other end of the angle lever 122 is articulated to the milling head 13 ″. The other end of the angle lever 123 is articulated to a fixed point of the U-shaped bracket 106 so that the milling cutter 118 is brought up to the workpiece 119 when the angle lever mechanism is stretched is lifted off and is in the angular position of the cutter from the workpiece. a in a double-acting cylinder 126 arranged

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The piston is coupled to the kink 124 and stretches the Toggle mechanism when pressurized fluid enters the inlet. If, however, pressurized fluid in the return inlet flows, the milling cutter is lifted from the workpiece. It is also a double-acting milling depth limiting cylinder 130 is provided, which contains a piston, which via a piston rod 129 as a stop for the movement of the angle lever mechanism is used in the extended position. Pressurized fluid, which through a control port 131 in the restriction cylinder 130 flows, pushes the piston quickly up to the maximum limit position, that of the initial position of the milling cutter corresponds to the milling process at the beginning. With increasing outflow of fluid from the limiting cylinder through a control opening increases the milling depth gradually. The other chamber of the limiting cylinder is via an opening 132 fed, which serves as a drain in the aforementioned case. Since the bell crank mechanism 121 on the rotating Milling head 13 "must be arranged, must have a rotatable distribution line be provided. According to FIG. 13, a bore 133 is provided in the fixed housing 11 "which is connected to a Annular groove 134 leads, which is aligned with a channel 135 which is in communication with the control opening 131. A similar, The bore, not shown, leads to an annular groove 136 which is aligned with a channel 137 which is connected to the opening 132 in FIG Connection. In a similar manner, further bores, not shown in the drawings, are provided which lead to the annular grooves 138 and 139, which are aligned with the channels 140 and 141, which in turn with the return inlet 128 and the inlet 137 are in communication. In this way, pressure fluid comes from an external, stationary one Pressurized fluid source to cylinders 126 and 130 in rotating milling head 13 ".

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In the case of a gear cutter, the setting for the milling depth and the lifting of the cutter from the workpiece must be at the beginning of the cutting stroke or the return stroke and must be synchronized accordingly. The stroke of the milling cutter 114 is determined by the motor 143 which rotates a shaft 144 which carries a crank arm 145 at one end. A connecting rod 146 is articulated to the free end thereof, the other end of which is seated on the rod 110, so that a reciprocating movement of the same within the hollow drive shaft 14 ″ takes place synchronously with the rotation of the motor a cam plate 147 which cooperates with a four-way valve 148 which has two switching positions and which is one of its normal positions shown in FIG Cutter comes into contact with the workpiece, pressurized fluid passes from a pressurized fluid source 149 via the four-way valve 148 and a line 150 into the annular groove 139, then through the channel 141 and the inlet 127 into the double-acting cylinder 126, where it moves the piston 125 in this way that the bell crank mechanism 121 is stretched and the U-shaped bracket 106 thereby swung about the pivot axis 104 is lowered and the milling cutter 118 is brought up to the workpiece 119. During the downward movement of the piston rerläßt fluid the cylinder via the Rückholeinlaß 128, passes through the channel 140 and into the annular groove 138 and then through a line 151 and the four way valve 148 in the sump 152. The cutting depth of the mill is limited! T by the piston rod 129 _f as will be explained further below. At the beginning of the return stroke, the cam plate 147 actuates the four-way valve into the return position, in which fluid from the pressure

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fluid source 149 via the four-way valve 148 and the line 151 into the annular groove 138 and from there through the channel 140 and the return inlet 128 flows into the cylinder 126 where it moves the piston 125 so that the bell crank mechanism 121 moves shifts so that the U-shaped bracket 106 is pivoted in such a direction that the cutter from the workpiece is released. During this return movement, fluid from cylinder 126 passes through inlet 127 and passage 141 in FIG the annular groove 129 and from there through the line 150 and the four-way valve 148 into the sump 152.

The cutting depth of the milling cutter in the workpiece is determined by the piston rod 129. When a new workpiece 119 is to be machined, a two-position four-way valve 154 is actuated so that pressurized fluid flows from a pressurized fluid source 155 via a line 156, an open overpressure valve 157 and the bore 133 into the annular groove 134 and from there via a channel 135 and the control opening 131 in the limiting cylinder 130, where the piston connected to the piston rod 129 moves into an end position. Fluid flows from the limiting cylinder 130 through the opening 132 and the channel 137 into the annular groove 136 and from there through the line 158 and the four-way valve 154 into a Surr.pf 159. After the piston has reached its end position, the four-way valve 154 in its normal position is reset, as shown in FIG. Fluid then flows from the pressurized fluid source 157 through the four-way valve 154 and the line 158 into the annular groove 136 and then through the channel and the opening 132 into the limiting cylinder 130, where it pressurizes the piston in the direction of a decreasing limiting position. The resulting piston movement is limited in its speed by the fluid flow strength from the limiting cylinder through the

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Control port 131. Since the pressure at the control port 131 exceeds the pressure in the sump 159, the pressure relief valve is 157 is now closed and does not let any fluid through. The pressure relief valve is bypassed by a throttle point with variable throttle resistance, through which a limited flow rate of the fluid from the limiting cylinder via the control opening 131 and the channel 135 into the annular groove 134 and from there through the bore 133, the throttle point 160, the line 156 and the four-way valve 154 into the sump 159 is enabled. By adjusting the throttle resistance the feed rate and therefore also the cutting depth of the milling cutter can be set to any desired value. An adjustable stop 165 prevents the Loer cutter from penetrating a certain milling depth into the workpiece can, depending on the desired surface shape to be produced. After this attack has taken effect, the milling cutter must continue to revolve around the workpiece until one revolution has been completed. This takes place according to FIG. 14 electrically, but can also be carried out in an equivalent manner hydraulically, pneumatically or mechanically.

The four-way solenoid operated valve 154 is initially over the series-connected break contacts 163 and 164 of the relay are connected to the current-carrying lines 165 and 166, so that the four-way valve is switched on and switches to the actuating position. Therefore, the piston rod moves 129 up to a previously set maximum position, which is determined by the maximum radius of the workpiece will. When the piston rod reaches this maximum position, the normally open limit switch becomes 167 actuated. When the cutter 118 is to begin reverse motion, a normally open manual switch is used 168 closed, so that the relay 169 via the limit switch., And

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the manual switch and a normally closed timer 170 gets voltage. The relay therefore picks up and the normally open contacts 171 are closed, as a result of which the limit switch and the manual switch are bridged and the relay is thereby held in its closed position. At the same time the normally open contacts 172 are closed by the relay 169, so that the motor 143 receives voltage and the reciprocating movement of the milling cutter begins. The relay also opens the rest contacts 163, so that the circuit of the four-way valve 154 is interrupted and this therefore resumes its rest position, so that the cutting depth adjustment movement of the milling cutter begins again. Immediately before the angle lever mechanism 121 has reached the end of the movement determined by the stop 161, the normally open limit switch 174 is closed and a relay 175 is thereby energized via timer break contacts 176. The working contacts 177 switch over and close the circuit to a relay 178, which maintains the power supply to the motor 143 and the reversing movement of the milling cutter 118 via the then responding working contacts 179 and de-energizes the four-way valve 154 via opening break contacts 164. In addition, the normally open contacts 180 switch over and start a timer 181, the normally closed contacts 170 being opened and the relay 169 switched off, which in turn opens the normally open contacts 171 and 172 and the normally closed contacts 163 are closed. Since the working contacts 179 are closed directly by the relay 178 and the working contacts 172 are opened indirectly by the relay 169, the working contacts 179 close _; before the normally open contacts 172 open. When the relay 169 is switched off, the normally open contacts 171 open, and the limit switch 167 is also open, since the piston rod 129 is in its lower position at this time. The control for the relay 169 is left in the initial state. Shortly after the timer starts

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the timer normally open contacts 182, which are parallel to the normally open contacts 177, close, whereupon the timer idle contacts 176 are opened and the power to relay 175 is switched off. Although by a shutdown of the relay 175, the normally open contacts 177 are opened, the relay 178 remains energized, via the now closed time switch normally open contacts 182. When relay 169 is de-energized, its normally closed contacts 163 closed and close the circuit for energizing the four-way valve 154 after closing the normally closed contacts 164. After the milling cutter 118 has made at least one complete revolution around the workpiece 119, the timer opens 181 the timer working contacts 182 and switches off the relay 178, which in turn opens the working contacts 180 and thereby de-energizes the timer makes and puts it back. The timer normally open contacts open 182, interrupt the circuit of the relay 178, which in turn opens the normally open contacts 179, and interrupt the supply of the motor 143 and thus the reciprocating movement of the milling cutter. The rest contacts 164 close and set the control back to the initial state. The timer can also be digital Be a switch that responds to control signals resulting from the rotation of the milling head.

15-17 show a scraper milling machine 200 in which parts identical to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1-6 are designated with the additional letter "a". This scraper milling machine has two shafts 201, which are freely rotatably arranged in bearings 202 about their axes, which are arranged parallel to the axis and in a fixed position to the milling head 13a, so that rollers 203, which sit on the shafts, the workpiece 16a during the Hold processing. A shaft 204 is also provided which is free in bearings 205

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Jl r "

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rotatably arranged in a fixed position to a movable carrier which forms an arm 206 which is mounted pivotably about a pivot point 207 on the milling head. On the Shaft 204 sits a milling cutter 208 that rotates with the shaft. The rollers 203 and the milling cutter 208 are in the milling position arranged angularly at an equal distance around the axis of the milling head and the workpiece 16a, the milling cutter 208 can be moved laterally in a path extending essentially radially thereto. The shaft 204 is in a parallel to Axis of the milling head 13a lying plane and runs through the pivot point 207 and forms an angle / ^ with the milling head. This angle / 3 depends on the setting angle of the milling cutter 208 and the screw angle on the workpiece 16a. The arm 206 is driven by the piston 209 of a hydraulic working cylinder 2-10, which sits on the milling head 13a, moved towards and away from the workpiece.

The milling head 13a is mounted in the housing 11a via bearings 21a via a drive shaft 14a coupled to a drive (not shown). The non-rotatable housing can, however, be moved back and forth on guide rods 32a by means of a push rod 17a. Pressurized fluid reaches the inlet end 211 of the working cylinder 210 _y through a bore 68a, an annular groove 69a and a line 70a, while the outlet end 212 of the working cylinder is connected in a similar manner via a bore 73a.

The arm 206 is normally biased to a position facing away from the workpiece 16a. When a workpiece is to be machined, the arm is moved relatively slowly towards the workpiece so that the cutter 208 comes against the workpiece when the milling head 13a revolves so that the form milling begins. At the end of the milling process, the arm

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quickly lifted off the workpiece. During the milling, the push rod 17a moves the milling head relatively slowly. After the milling is finished, the milling head is quickly moved back so that the milling cutter no longer hits the workpiece comes. The milling head can rotate continuously at any desired speed.

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Claims (38)

Claims Μ. / Method for creating a desired surface shape a non-rotating workpiece, characterized in that a rotatable cutting tool in an orbit around the workpiece is moved. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition the cutting tool is moved relative to the workpiece in the longitudinal direction. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting tool is free rotatable in contact with the workpiece about an axis that is not parallel to the axis of the workpiece, so that the cutting tool receives an axial component of movement relative to the workpiece. 4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotary movement and the Coordinated movement of the cutting tool around will. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that in addition a longitudinal movement 030048/0891 3Q1961Q carried out in the creation of the surface shape will. 6. The method according to claim 2 to 5, characterized in that the longitudinal movement with the orbital movement is coordinated so that the cutting tool follows a helical path with respect to the workpiece performs. 7. The method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the cutting tool is practical moved radially in relation to the workpiece and the radial movement is coordinated with the orbital movement in such a way that that the cross-section of the generated shape is generated from a non-linear baseline. 3. The method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the cutting tool is practical is moved radially with respect to the workpiece and that the radial movement is coordinated with the longitudinal movement so that that a surface shape is around a non-cylindrical Shape is generated. 9. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the cutting tool by a Axis is rotated which is not parallel to the axis around which the cutting tool rotates, and that the Surface shape by turning the cutting tool is produced. 10. Device for performing the method according to Claim 1, characterized by a tool holder rotatable about an axis by a eccentric to the axis of the tool holder (13) rotatable ": mounted cutting tool (15) and a drive 030048/0891 means for rotating the tool holder (13) and the cutting tool (15). 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized by an actuating device (17) for moving the cutting tool with respect to the workpiece (16) in the longitudinal direction of the same. 12. Apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, characterized by an actuating device for moving the cutting tool laterally relative to the workpiece. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the actuating device is driven for the lateral movement synchronously with the orbital movement of the cutting tool. 14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that the actuating device for the lateral movement is operated synchronously with the actuator for the longitudinal movement. 15. Apparatus according to claim 12 to 14, characterized in that the actuating device for the lateral movement is operated synchronously with the actuator for the longitudinal movement. 16. Apparatus according to claim 11 to 15, characterized in that a device is provided is for moving the tool holder or the workpiece sideways. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that g e k e η η - 0300A8 / 0891 indicates that the means for lateral movement synchronized with the rotary movement of the tool holder is. 18. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that the device for the lateral Moving includes a cam surface attached to the laterally movable member and a fixed one Base and a scanner for the cam surface, which is connected to the non-moving part. 19. Apparatus according to claim 16 to 18, characterized in that the device for lateral movement is synchronized with the actuator for the longitudinal movement. 20. Apparatus according to claim 16 to 19, characterized in that the device for lateral movement is synchronized with the rotary movement for the tool holder. 21. Apparatus according to claim 10 to 20, characterized in that concentric to the Tool holder a drive shaft (14) is provided and that the drive device has a drive connection between the drive shaft and the tool holder for producing a rotary movement thereof. 22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that the drive connection is a Intermediate shaft (23) which is rotatably mounted in the tool holder, furthermore one on the intermediate shaft seated planetary gear (28) as well as a concentric to the tool holder lying and with the planetary gear in one—. 030048/0891 handle standing sun gear (28). 23. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the cutting tool (15) with the drive shaft (14) is rotationally coupled. 24. The device according to claim 21 to 23, characterized by a drive connection between the cutting tool and the intermediate shaft (23) with a predetermined gear ratio. 25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the cutting tool is not parallel to the axis of rotation of the tool holder. 26. The device according to claim 10 to 25, characterized by a device for the axial Moving the cutting tool. 27. The device according to claim 26, characterized in that the axis of the cutting tool runs practically parallel to the axis of rotation of the tool holder. 28. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that the drive shaft is hollow and that a rod holding the cutting tool extends axially movably into the hollow drive shaft. 29. The device according to 'claim 28, characterized in that a to the tool holder (13 ") hinged and the cutting tool rotatably holding part about the axis of rotation of the cutting tool in the direction on the axis of rotation of the tool holder and away from it 030048/0891 is pivotably mounted. 30. The device according to claim 29, characterized by a control device for moving the pivotable part in such a way that the axis of rotation of the Cutting tool moved towards the beginning of the longitudinal movement in a direction towards the axis of rotation of the tool holder becomes and at the beginning of the longitudinal movement in the opposite direction from the axis of rotation of the tool holder is moved away. 31. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that the control device is designed is that the axis of rotation of the cutting tool increases with the beginning of each longitudinal movement in one direction is moved further towards the axis of rotation of the tool holder. 32. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that the control device has a stop includes to limit the movement of the axis of rotation of the cutting tool with respect to the axis of rotation of the Tool holder. 33. Apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that the sun gear is held in a rotationally fixed manner is. 34. Apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that the sun gear is rotatable and that the rotation is synchronized with the actuator for the lateral movement. 35. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized in that the means for rotating the. 030048/0891 Sun gear comprises at least one gear segment attached to the sun gear and a gear segment which is in engagement therewith, rack movable tangentially to it. 36. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the cutting tool is freely rotatable about an axis to the axis of the tool holder extending parallel t not, and lies in a plane parallel to the same plane. 37. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the cutting tool is movable towards the axis of the cutting head. 38. Apparatus according to claim 37, characterized by an operating device for moving the Axis of rotation of the cutting tool in the direction of the axis of rotation of the tool holder. 030048/0891