DE3001221A1 - HOUSEHOLD OVENS OR COOKERS WITH CONVECTION HEATING - Google Patents

Description

Munich, January 14, 1980 / M Attorney's file, s 27 - Pat. 273

^! Raytheon Company, 141 Spring Street, Lexington, MA 02173 United States of America

Household oven or stove with convection heating

The invention relates to a domestic oven or stove with convection heating. Known burner systems for domestic ovens or stoves with convection heating generally have large combustion chambers and / or mixing chambers, since these systems produce long burner flames = even with normal baking - or frying temperatures the device with a large excess of air ^! Shot operated because the circulating air volume has to be reduced when the oven or stove is operated in the highest temperature range, e.g. for the self-cleaning process Air through the burner system during the self-cleaning process, so that at these temperatures! the un-

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desired generation of harmful vapors and gases, such as carbon monoxide, is avoided .

j In addition to the above-indicated problems occur! the difficulty to make the actual air flow can be difficult to monitor the burner system so that the burner is reliably taken out of service when the! Fan system an error occurs.

The object of the invention is to be achieved, the burner operation in a domestic oven or stove with Konvek- j to be able to control the heating system reliably and effectively and to reduce the space required by the burner heating. Also should the circulation of air and vapors can be improved in all operating phases.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the enclosed Claim 1 specified features solved.

In detail, a burner and a circulation fan system are provided in a corresponding oven or stove, wherein the amount of primary air / fuel mixture that is drawn into a combustion chamber through an elongated combustion system is controlled by a convection steam circulation system. The burner contains one of several belts ; sections assembled burner unit, with two burner sections through a secondary air supply area are separated. The height of the flame above the burner surface can be less than the entire width of the burner system and for example on the order of 2.54 m and the excess air can be in the range of 65% to 150% of the j amount required for complete incineration

leads to be.

The effective surface area is preferably that of the band sections composite burner unit on one level

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below the floor of the furnace space and behind the rear furnace wall, which has the outlet _p through which vapors are drawn off by means of the steam circulation system. The fact that two fans rotating in opposite directions are used, which are located behind the rear furnace wall and form the drive for the circulation of the vapors, results in a low drive power for the fan of, for example, 50 watts.

In a stove or stove with convection heating of the type proposed here, a gas burner is arranged near the inlet of a Ziri kulationslüftersystem to suck the gases and vapors and the hot air from the furnace space and these gases and vapors mixed with the combustion products of the burner 'in the furnace return = The burner contains a number of elongated sections provided with openings for supplying a primary air-fuel mixture to a * combustion chamber, the burner sections being separated by areas through which a secondary air flow can be introduced into the combustion chamber »In detail, the burner a number of corrugated transversely along their length; Metal strips so that the waves are effective as channels or as i passage openings. Preferably, the 'width of the metal strips is chosen so that the metal. strip of a chamber acted upon by the primary fuel-air mixture ' extend to the combustion chamber, where-! in addition, the width is dimensioned so that a back

\ The flame hit in the applied with the mixture: chamber can then be avoided even if comparatively will mixture used, for example 50% to 80% ¹ as high ratios of the primary fuel Lufti "j fact that each of the bands or strips is separated from a secondary air source by a distance which

'is less than twice the transverse dimension of the opening

'and also excess air on the order of 50% to 150% is supplied, can also increase the height of the flame

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are reduced so that they are essentially just as large or smaller than the distance across the burner face away between adjacent secondary air outlet I put is.

I A burner with the design features specified here I can be operated continuously at high power,

by the generated at the inlet of the fan system i negative pressure causes the primary fuel-air mixture

■ is sucked through the burner at a speed ; which leads to the fact that the burner flame with its front

■ or their foot area lifted from the face of the openings which are formed by the metal strips, so that the heating of the burner opening area is reduced and the likelihood of the flame flashing back through the burner channels is reduced.

^: Will be a fan system or the fan system in the way

used that it is the combustion products from the fuel; sucks off the space, so the primary fuel-air mixture i for the burner in the chamber initially charged with this mixture via an opening and a gas regulator be guided. Changes in the fan speed or the; atmospheric pressure then cause corresponding changes in the flow of gaseous fuel through i the regulator, so that a greater uniformity of the ! Fuel-air mixture can be maintained and ! therefore the excess air from the value normally observed in domestic gas stoves of, for example, 3 00% : less than 100% can be decreased while yes

■ there is still a sufficient safety area available with regard to excess air.

I In a further embodiment is a safety control system ! for a household oven or stove with convection heating! provided, with a circulation fan system due

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j actuates a switch when the air or furnace fumes move, which in turn controls the burner, so that if a fault occurs in the fan system, for example

if the motor burns out or the fan wheel on the shaft becomes loose, the burner is put out of operation is, so that a device with fail-safe function results.

• It has been shown that by operating a burner with significantly reduced excess air the outlet temperature, the burner to temperatures in the order of magnitude of ■ 980 ° C can be increased while there is still a sufficiently high proportion of oxygen in the combustion products of the Burner is preserved to avoid the vapors or deposits of cooking vapors produced during cooking or frying Burn down furnace.

Advantageous refinements and developments of the here

specified oven or range are the subject of the attached ; Claims, the content of which is hereby expressly made part of the description without affecting it

Ask to repeat the wording. An exemplary embodiment is explained below with reference to the drawing. They represent:

1 shows a partially broken away and sectioned side view a household oven or range,

Fig. 2 is a partially drawn in section

Front view of the device according to Figure 1,

Fig. 3 is a horizontal partial section through the device according to Figure 1 corresponding to the in Figure 1 indicated section line 3-3,

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FIG. 4 shows a horizontal partial section through the device according to FIG. 1 accordingly the section line 4-4 indicated in Figure 1,

5 is an enlarged view of a detail of the burner of the apparatus according to FIG FIG. 1 corresponds to the boundary lines 5-5 and shown in FIG

6 shows an enlarged view of the burner according to FIG. 5 in detail and in At sight.

In the drawings is an oven or stove with gas convection heating denoted by 10. The oven or stove 10 includes an oven space 12, the substantially metal walls, such as enamelled Steel, and is closed by a door 14 during use.

A grate 22 made for example from steel rods is supported on projections or bulges 24 of the side walls of the furnace shell 12, the position of the grate can be changed in a generally known manner.

The upper part of the rear wall of the furnace shell 12 has a - elongated hot air inlet area or steam inlet area

16, while the middle part of the rear wall of the furnace shell has a pair of steam outlet regions 18. The fumes A chamber 20 is sucked out of the furnace jacket 12 via the outlet regions 18 into a chamber 20.

Below the grate 22 is a microwave emitter j 26, which microwave energy upwards through the openings of the grate 22, by a support plate 2 8 provided in the middle of the grate and by a bowl 3 0

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radiates through which a piece of food 32, for example contains a roast. The bowl 30 and support plate or tray 28 are preferred for microwave energy wise essentially permeable, so that the lower part ! of the piece of food 32 and also the inside thereof; can be heated by the microwave energy.

^! The microwave radiator 2 6 can, for example, be an

• contain guide chamber 3 6, the upper wall 3 8 of which has a number of openings 40 through which microwave fields of a certain shape can be radiated upwards into the furnace shell 12. A center conductor 42 of a coaxial line 44 supports the introduction chamber 36 after the center conductor is secured in the center of the top wall or plate 38. The center conductor 42

'extends downward through an outer conductor 46 the coaxial line 44 and through a waveguide section 48 to a microwave choke and for storage serving arrangement 50. An extension of the central conductor 42 is from a below the waveguide section 48 attached motor 52 rotated. The microwave generated by a magnetron 54

: energy is via the waveguide section 48 and the Coaxial line 44 fed to radiator 26. A fan blows air past the cooling fins 58 of the magnetron 54, to cool the magnetron, but is used by this cooling air

; no component introduced into the waveguide section 48,

A lid or cover 60 made of one for microwave energy Permeable material is on centering projections 62 projecting from the bottom of the furnace shell 12

; the radiator 2 6 supported so that the radiator 2 6 covered and there is no juice or other material on the pieces of food or the food to be cooked Emitter 26 drips down.

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The door 14 is preferably sealed off from the furnace shell 12 by means of a high-temperature steam seal, wherein a microwave choke seal is disposed between the steam seal and the interior of the furnace shell 12, so that the radiated into the interior of the furnace shell 12 microwave energy is largely prevented from being in to be absorbed by the high temperature vapor seal. In any case, however, microwave energy, which still penetrates through the microwave throttle seal, is im essentially completely absorbed by the high temperature vapor seal. If the door 14 is closed, a The bolt is mechanically moved into a door locking position and then allows the magnetron 54 "to be switched on" Details and advantages of the special way in which the microwave is supplied to the oven space and the shape of the rotating microwave fields are described in more detail elsewhere. It should be noted, however, that in connection With the features proposed here, any constructions for the microwave feed, the radiators and / or the door seals can be used. The features mentioned can also be used in conjunction with other systems related to microwave energy can be used.

On the basis of the construction principles proposed here, a fan system within the combustion chamber 2 a slight negative vacuum of 0 ^ 25 mm to 2.5 mm Water column generated, with the fan system rotating in opposite directions Centrifugal fan 64 contains which the vapors from the furnace chamber 12 via the areas 18 into the room 20 and these vapors via the rooms surrounding the fan 64 to the feed area 16. The upper ends of the spaces 66 are connected to an opening via polygamy small portion of the vapors conveyed by the fans 64 reaches an outlet 68, which allows this portion of the vapors to mix with air coming from a second set

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is promoted by fans 70 o The fans 70 suck in cool Air from the back of device 10 to cool the motors that drive fans 64 and 70 and around to mix this cooling air in the area of the exit of the outlet 68 with the vapors, which then together with the Cooling air through a gridded opening 74 emerge at the upper end of the device 10 above the level of the hotplates.

As can be seen from Figures 2 and 3, each of the perforated areas 18 the entry of vapors from the furnace space to a separate fan 64 and each the fan 64 is driven by a separate motor 72 with one of the fans 70 each, seated on a common shaft driven, which is attached to the rear wall 78 of the device 10. A partition 80 between the two fans 64 prevents a tangential interaction with respect to the vapors emitted by the fans 64, the fans in in the opposite direction so that the air or vapors between the fans close to the partition wall 80 is promoted upwards. It can be seen that a single fan is used instead of two fans 64 and that the chamber 66 could have various separate control systems to divide the vapors through a number of different areas 16 into the furnace chamber. It has been shown, however, that the double arrangement works in opposite directions Fan systems promote the uniformity of the convection heating in the furnace and reduce the Fan power enables. A burner system 90 is located in the rear part of the device 10 behind the furnace shell 12 and below the same. The burner system 90 contains an elongated one composed of metal strips Burner 92 which extends across most of the width of the oven or range and that of one side with a primary fuel-air mixture which is fed through a vertical pipe 94.

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The open lower end of the tube 94 is pressurized through a nozzle 96 with gas which is actuated by a solenoid Valve 98 is supplied, the valve 98 being fed via a gas line 102 from a pressure regulator 100.

j As can be seen from Figures 5 and 6, the! Strip composite burner 92 two sections 104 and 106, each formed from seven sheet metal strips 108, which are 1.3 cm wide and thick have about 0.1 mm, the sheet metal strips extending over the length of the burner and approximately by means of a corresponding shape are formed corrugated. The corrugations of the sheet metal strips extend across its width and have a distance from vertex to vertex of, for example, 4.8 mm. Between the sheet metal strips 108 are each flat sheet metal strips 110 of the same width embedded and also extend over the entire length of the Brenners, so that the spaces between the waves of the sheet metal strips 108 act as channels through which the primary fuel-air mixture supplied through pipe 94 will, can flow. Sections 104 and 106! are fed via separate chambers 112 and 114,

both of which are supplied with the fuel-air mixture from one end through the pipe 94.

The chambers 112 and 114 have the shape of rectangular boxes 124, which are fastened by bracket 116 to the bottom of the combustion chamber 118, which via the space 20 is connected to the The inlet of the fan 64 has. The two burner sections 104 and 106 are separated from one another by means of spacers 120

; and are held together by rivets 122, which are through the spacers 12 0 and through all sheet metal strips 108 and 110 and the walls of the box-shaped components 124 extend therethrough. The spacers 120 and projections 134 at the lower corners of the box-shaped components

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parts 124 form an air duct 114 provided between the latter, via multiple secondary air into the combustion chamber 118 can be sucked in »In addition, secondary combustion air can be sucked in through the gap spaces 12 6, which form along the edges of the box-shaped components 124 “Due to this design, none of the Burner openings, which between the sheet metal strips 108 and 110 are formed by a source of secondary air flow by more than three intervening burner ports separated"

It has been found that by having the secondary air supply is located close to the burner openings, the flame height is less than the total width of the burner section Can be done if there is sufficient fuel-air mixture is sucked through the burner ducts or burner openings to cause the burner flame to stand out from the burner openings by a distance of, for example, 1.6 mm to 3.2 mm »This one Lifting the burner flame reduces the heating of the sheet metal strips 108 and 110 that form the burner channels, so that a flashback of the flame of the primary fuel-air mixture into the chambers 112 and 114 is safely prevented even if a relatively high primary air-fuel ratio is effective, by such a reduction in flame length the combustion chamber can be designed so that it extends transversely along the lower rear corner of the furnace shell extends immediately below the outlet areas 18 of the furnace shell and the combustion products, which from the Burners are released, but are already essentially deionized at the inputs of the fan 64 »

In a device of the type proposed here is still a safety control circuit is provided in which an air flow filler 148 is arranged in the outlet 68,

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which contains a switch operated by a vane or a shovel. A manually operated selector switch is used to turn on the fan motors 72 when one of the Operating modes with convection heating is selected. The exit airflow from fans 64 in outlet 68 causes a Close the air flow sensor switch 148 so that a resistance heating igniter 132 is switched on, which extends into the combustion chamber 118. After a delay time for example, 30 seconds, the solenoid operated valve 98 is opened so that gas is over the Nozzle 96 can flow out. When the resulting fuel-air mixture enters combustion chamber 118 via the channels of the burner 92 is reached, the mixture is ignited by the igniter and the products of combustion are released from the Fans 64 are sucked in and blown into the furnace shell 12 via the inlet region 16. That part of the exit flow the fan 64, which flows out via the outlet 68, generates a small negative pressure in the combustion chamber and in the furnace jacket 12, which determines the proportion of primary air that is sucked in via the vertical pipe 94. Even this negative pressure determines the proportion of secondary air, which is sucked in past the edges of the burner sections 104 and 106.

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After the vertical tube 94 as an air constriction opening effective in forming the primary fuel-air mixture cause changes in the fan speed and the Temperature of the vapors, which change the amount of primary and secondary air sucked into the furnace, also a corresponding change in the flow of gaseous fuel through the pressure regulator, so that the possibility the creation of an abundant fuel-air mixture is restricted, which when it burns the escape of harmful vapors and harmful smoke on the grille 74 at the top of the device.,

The burner shown here can, for example, have a thermal output power of 20,000 to 30,000 BTU per hour. The thermal output is determined by the choice of the size of the vertical tube 94 and the nozzle 96 as well as by Setting of fuel pressure regulator 100 selected »The amount of secondary air is determined by choosing the size of the space 140 between the box-shaped components 124 and by choosing the size of the gap spaces 13 6 at the edges of the burner sections 104 and 106, after the secondary air flows into the combustion chamber 118 via these interspaces or crevices,

The control of the gas burner 92 takes place in such a way that a selector button 168 switches to a signaling the convection heating Brand range is set and by setting the temperature selector knob 170 to a certain temperature of the convection vapors is set = a timer, for example a digital clock 172 can also be set with selectable Switch-on and switch-off control means 174 and 176 may be provided to set the time during which in the oven or Stove a convection heating is desired. In operation, a temperature sensor 178, which is attached to a tab in the furnace jacket The temperature of the vapors circulating in the furnace jacket 12 is fixed immediately below the inlet area 16 on and when the steam temperature is below a temperature

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ι is, which is set by the temperature selector knob 170 ι

is, the burner system 90 is turned on.

In the construction of a device proposed here, the combustion chamber 118 and the chamber 20 are separated from as a unit j the walls of the furnace shell 12 made. As can be seen in more detail from FIGS. 3 to 6, there are spaces 20 and 118 ι from a flat wall piece 180, which openings accordingly the steam inlet 16 and the steam outlet areas 18 and on the rear side of the furnace shell 12, for example is fastened by means of self-tapping screws 182, with a vapor-tight seal achieved by high-temperature-resistant seals 184 which extend around the areas 16 and 18 and a thermal insulation between the combustion chamber 118 and the rear wall of the furnace shell 12 cause. Accordingly, the internal temperature of the combustion chamber 118 becomes 800.degree. C. to 1100.degree can be thermally separated from the temperature of the inner wall of the furnace space, which wall can be enamelled and Withstands temperatures of around 540 ° C. The flat wall or sheet 180 extends downwardly to below the level of the bottom of the furnace chamber 12 and has a flange 186 bent at right angles, so that a horizontal, plate-shaped Paragraph arises, which of the box-shaped component 124 of the burner section 104 on the suction the secondary air serving gap 136 is separated. The aforementioned brackets 116 are by means of screws 188 on the flange 186 attached. In addition, the partition wall 190 is attached to the flat wall or sheet metal 180, for example by welding attached, which is located directly in front of the centrifugal fans and has openings concentric to these, the diameter of the openings being somewhat smaller than that of the Fan 64 is.

The fans 64 are located in the room 66, the exit of which is closed the outlet 68 leads. The outer wall 192 of the space 66 is also welded to the wall 180 with its boundary, wherein

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the lower part of the outer wall 192 together with the lower part of the wall 180 delimits the combustion chamber 118 "In a recess of the lower part of the outer wall 192, a block of heat-resistant material 194 is inserted to prevent an escape To prevent heat to the outside of the combustion chamber 118 'The edge of the partition wall 190 is below the block 194 on the right-' bent at an angle and forms a flange 196 at the same height as the flange 186, to which it extends, so I. that to delimit the box-shaped component 124 which contains the chamber 114, the second gap space 136 is formed »; The brackets 116 are also attached to the flange 196 by one each; Screw 188 fastened so that the entire burner system 90 is firmly anchored at the lower end of the combustion chamber 118. The gaps 136 between the flanges 180 and 196 on the one hand and the box-shaped members 124 on the other hand are precisely adjusted so that uniform slots for the passage of the secondary air into the combustion chamber 118 result. Similar flanges can be provided at the ends of the combustion chamber or the terminal spaces can be completely omitted. Preferably the spaces have between the flanges 186 and 196 on the one hand and the box-shaped components 124 on the other hand have a width which is about half that is as large as the distance between the box-shaped members 124 so that each of the strip burner sections 104 and 106, each of which is supplied by a separate chamber, also an equal amount of secondary air lengthways the respective border receives »For example, each burner section is approximately 36 cm long and 1.9 cm wide and is Furthermore, if the area of the burner openings is half as large as the burner area, this results in a total area of the openings of 34 cm »In this case, the width of the gaps 136 is chosen to be about 4.8 mm and the width of the gap 140 to 9.6 mm »'

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In order to further improve the uniformity of the fuel supply to the burner sections 104 and 106 , the chambers 112 and 114 within the box-shaped components 124 have sloping bottoms 198 which attach to the bottom of the components 124 and the vertical tube 94 and the one remote from the vertical tube 94 , closed ends of the components 124 end near the strip packages from the sheet metal strips 108 and 110.

During normal baking operation, the burner system j and the ventilation system of the device proposed here are operated in such a way that the primary air is preferably about 50% to 80%; the amount of air which is necessary for complete or stoichiometric combustion of the fuel, with sufficient secondary air being supplied so that; a 100% excess of air is established in the combustion chamber 118 and: the mean temperature of the vapors in the furnace chamber 112 is 150.degree. C. to 260.degree. When the burner is first put into operation, 150% excess air is in the combustion chamber 118! sucked in, because the fans 64 convey a larger amount of cool air \ , while with a continued operation of the burner for the self-cleaning process and an increase in the temperature of the vapors at the fans 64 to about 540 ° C less air is sucked into the combustion chamber 118, so that, for example, there is only 65% excess air. The products of combustion thus become hotter. However, the excess air is still large enough to prevent the generation of harmful vapors and gases such as carbon monoxide.

Within the framework of the ideas disclosed here, the person skilled in the art has a large number of options for further training and modification. For example, the vapors can also be circulated through openings that are in areas other than are located on the rear wall of the furnace shell. Any electrical and mechanical control systems for the Burner control can be used. The fans and the burner system can also be installed elsewhere.

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Claims (1)

: Claims I V1 »; Household stove or stove with convection heating, with wel-! rather hot air and vapors are circulated through the furnace space, characterized in that near the inlet I a fan system (64) serving to circulate the vapors; Means (90) for supplying heat to the vapors with a burning. ner are arranged (92) such that the fan system ¹ sucks the fuel-air mixture in a burner associated with the combustion chamber (118) » 2. Household oven or stove according to claim 1, characterized in that that the burner (92) has a primary fuel-air mixture over several elongated sections (104, 106) can be supplied from burner openings, the sections being separated from one another by secondary air sources (136, 140) are separated. 3. household oven or stove according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each of the burner openings of one Secondary air source (136, 140) through a maximum of three intermediate ones Burner openings is separated. 4. Household oven or stove according to one of claims 1 to 3, ■ characterized in that the fan system (64, 70, 72) 'is located outside the furnace space (12). 5. household oven or stove according to one of claims 1 to ^, 'characterized in that the fan system has several or each has a plurality of fan wheels (64, 70) arranged on the common shaft of a drive motor (72), wherein I the one fan wheel (64) for circulating the vapors through the; The furnace chamber is used, while the other fan wheel supplies cooling air ί conveyed past the drive motor. 030Q3Ü / Ü8 0 3 6. household oven or stove according to claim 5, characterized in that that the fan wheel (64) serving to circulate the vapors through the furnace chamber takes up most of it Introduces the delivery volume into the furnace chamber (12) (16). 7. household oven or stove according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that there is a flow sensor switch in an outlet channel (68) of the fan system (148) is arranged to control the burner (92). 8. Household oven or stove according to one of claims 4, 6 or 7 and / or claim 5, characterized in that the fan wheel (70) which is used to convey the cooling air on the shaft of the drive motor (72) between the latter and the fan wheel (64) serving to circulate the vapors is attached. 9. Household oven or stove according to one of claims 1 to 8 _f, characterized in that the burner (92) is a strip burner, in particular a burner composed of strips of corrugated iron. 10. household oven or stove according to claim 9, characterized in that that the corrugated metal strips (108) are separated from one another by flat metal strips (110). 11. Household oven or stove according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the means for supplying heat to the vapors behind the rear wall of the furnace shell (12) and below the inlet of the fan system (64) are located. 12. Household oven or stove according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the fan system (64, 70, 72) can be controlled by means of a manually operated control switch. 030030/0803 BATH ORIGINAL 13a household oven or range according to claim 12, characterized marked that the manually operated control switch is used to switch on a circuit? which the Burner (92) controls depending on the temperature of the circulating vapors. 14. Household oven or stove according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the fan system (64, 70, 72) draws off vapors via at least one outlet area (18) provided in the rear wall of the furnace shell (12) and that the burner (92) is arranged behind the rear wall below said at least one outlet area is. 15. Household oven or stove according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the fan system has a plurality of counter-rotating fans or fan sets, the fan impellers of which, in particular, are next to one another in one plane lie. 16. Household oven or stove according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the burner (92) is controllable by means of a control system which includes a manually operated temperature selector. 17 = household oven or range according to claim 16, characterized characterized in that the control system includes a sensor (178) responsive to the temperature of the furnace jacket (12) responds to circulating hot vapors. 18. Household oven or stove according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the control system also responds to the flow of circulating vapors responsive sensor or sensor switch (148) contains. ■■ - - - η 19. Household oven or stove according to claim 5 and claim 6, characterized in that the cooling air promoting Fan wheel (70) conveys this cooling air to an outlet (74), via which it with a portion (68) of that from the first fan wheel (64) discharged vapors into the environment. 20. Household oven or stove according to claim 19, characterized in that the burner (92) is below the Inlet of the fan wheel (64) serving to circulate the hot vapors is located. 21. Household oven or stove according to one of claims 1 or 3 to 20 and / or claim 2, characterized in that that the secondary air source (136, 140) takes the shape of itself along the sides and between the elongated burner sections (104, 106) extending gaps and that the fan system (64) in the above the burner (92) located combustion chamber (118) sucks in a mixture, the primary air in the range of 50% to 80% of the for a complete Combustion of the fuel contains the amount required, the primary air and the secondary air total one Make up excess air in the range of 65% to 150% above the amount of air required for complete combustion. 03 0 030/0803
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