DE299763C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE299763C DE299763C DENDAT299763D DE299763DA DE299763C DE 299763 C DE299763 C DE 299763C DE NDAT299763 D DENDAT299763 D DE NDAT299763D DE 299763D A DE299763D A DE 299763DA DE 299763 C DE299763 C DE 299763C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- aluminum
- salts
- salt
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium chloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxyl anion Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H Aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000036826 Excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010016275 Fear Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001072332 Monia Species 0.000 description 1
- YVKMMZAFUFUAAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Al] YVKMMZAFUFUAAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium(0) Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydroxide Metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101710031899 moon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0052—Preparation of gels
- B01J13/0056—Preparation of gels containing inorganic material and water
- B01J13/006—Preparation of gels containing inorganic material and water by precipitation, coagulation, hydrolyse coacervation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/34—Preparation of aluminium hydroxide by precipitation from solutions containing aluminium salts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Description
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren, . um die schleimigen Hydroxydniedcrschläge einzelner
Metalle in leicht filtrierbarer Form und leicht auswaschbarer Form zu erhalten.
Bekanntlich scheiden sich Tonerdehydrat und ähnliche Hydroxyde bei dem üblichen Fällen
aus entsprechender Salzlösung mit Alkali in gelatinöser Form aus. Die kolloidalen Niederschläge
lassen sich schlecht filtrieren, adsorbierenThe invention relates to a method. in order to preserve the slimy hydroxide precipitate of individual metals in an easily filterable and easily washable form.
It is known that alumina hydrate and similar hydroxides are precipitated in gelatinous form in the usual case from a corresponding salt solution with alkali. The colloidal precipitates are difficult to filter and adsorb
ίο Salze sowie Fällungsflüssigkeit und sind schwer durch Auswaschen zu reinigen.ίο salts as well as precipitation liquid and are heavy to be cleaned by washing out.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß diese Schwierigkeiten nicht vorhanden sind, wenn anstatt Salzlösung festes Salz verwendet und darauf wässeriges Alkali oder wässeriges Ammoniak bzw. gasförmiges Ammoniak zur Einwirkung kommt.It has now been found that these difficulties do not exist when using saline instead solid salt used and then aqueous alkali or aqueous ammonia or gaseous Ammonia comes into play.
Die Erfindung besteht also darin, die Hydroxyde der betreffenden Metalle aus festen Salzen zu erzeugen. Es kommen vorwiegend Aluminium, Beryllium und andere Erden, Magnesium, Zink, Kupfer, die Metalle der Eisengruppe, eben alle schleimiges Hydroxyd bildenden Metalle in Frage. Das feste Metallsalz wird mit Alkalilauge oder wässerigem AmmoniakThe invention consists in the hydroxides of the metals in question from solid To produce salts. Mainly aluminum, beryllium and other earths, magnesium, Zinc, copper, the metals of the iron group, all of them form slimy hydroxide Metals in question. The solid metal salt is made with alkali or aqueous ammonia
»5 überschichtet und in der Kälte oder warm stehen gelassen. In der Wärme verläuft die Reaktion schneller. Arbeitet man anderseits zunächst kalt und läßt das Gemisch längere Zeit stehen, so kommt der Hydrox3^dniederschlag beim späteren Erhitzen in besonders grobkörniger Form zur Ausscheidung. Charakteristisch ist jedenfalls für alle Formen der neuen Behandlung, daß sich der Niederschlag als körnige sandige Masse ausscheidet, die sich ohne Schwierigkeiten fil-»5 layered and left to stand in the cold or warm. The reaction takes place in the warmth more quickly. On the other hand, if you first work cold and leave the mixture to stand for a long time, so the hydroxide precipitate appears in a particularly coarse-grained form when it is later heated for excretion. In any case, it is characteristic of all forms of the new treatment that the precipitation precipitates as a granular, sandy mass, which can be found without difficulty.
trieren und auswaschen läßt, ·■can be trimmed and washed out, · ■
Soweit angängig, benutzt man zum Fällen Ammoniak. Nimmt man gasförmiges, so wird das Mctallsalz etwas befeuchtet und dann reines Ammoniakgas oder ammoniakhaltige Abgase (Mondgas, Kokereigas) darübergeleitet. Gerade das Arbeiten mit Gas wirkt sehr günstig. Auch kann man durch Kombination des Arbeitens mit wässerigem und gasförmigem Ammoniak mit besonders geringen Flüssigkeitsmengen auskommen.. As far as possible, ammonia is used for felling. If you take gaseous form, it becomes the metal salt slightly moistened and then pure ammonia gas or ammonia-containing exhaust gases (Moon gas, coke oven gas) passed over it. Working with gas is particularly beneficial. Even can be achieved by combining working with aqueous and gaseous ammonia with manage particularly small amounts of liquid ..
Als Beispiel sei die Arbeitsweise beim Aluminium beschrieben.The working method for aluminum is described as an example.
Man überschichtet die betreffenden Aluminiumsalze, z. B. Aluminiumsulfat oder Aluminiumchlorid, mit wässeriger Ammoniaklösung (15- bis 2oprozentiger). Das Gemisch erhitzt man, wobei man Sorge trägt, daß evtl. verdampfendes Ammoniak durch geeignete Vorrichtungen, z. B. durch einen Rückflußkühler, wiedergewonnen wird. Nach einiger Zeit ist der vollständige Umsatz vollzogen, man filtriert alsdann die Ammonsalzlösung ab und wäscht die anhaftenden Ammonsalze aus.The aluminum salts in question are overlaid, e.g. B. aluminum sulfate or aluminum chloride, with aqueous ammonia solution (15 to 2 percent). The mixture is heated one, taking care that any ammonia evaporating by suitable devices, e.g. B. by a reflux condenser, is recovered. After some time, the conversion is complete, and it is filtered then the ammonium salt solution and washes off the adhering ammonium salts.
Es hat sich auch gezeigt, daß man ein besonders gut zu reinigendes Aluminiumhydroxyd erhält, wenn man das mit Ammoniaklösung vermischte oder angefeuchtete Aluminiumsalz einige Zeit, z. B. über Nacht, stehen läßt und dann erst das Gemisch erhitzt. Hierbei findet ein Schäumen der Flüssigkeit statt, und aus dem Schaum scheidet sich sofort ein sehr leicht filtrierbarer und auswaschbarer Aluminiumhydroxydniederschlag ab. It has also been shown that an aluminum hydroxide is particularly easy to clean obtained when the aluminum salt is mixed or moistened with ammonia solution some time, e.g. B. overnight, and only then heated the mixture. Here finds a foaming of the liquid takes place, and a very easy separation from the foam immediately occurs filterable and washable aluminum hydroxide precipitate.
Falls man zur Anfeuchtung sehr großer Men- !: gen Aluminiumsalze geringe Mengen Ammoniak-If you need to moisten very large amounts!: Of aluminum salts with small amounts of ammonia
flüssigkeit verwendet, in denen nicht genügend Ammoniak zum vollständigen Ausfällen des Aluminiumhydroxydcs enthalten ist, so kann man durch Zuleiten von gasförmigem Am-5. moniak die' rzurdi Ausfällen des Aluminiumhydroxyde^nötige;.:, Menge.^Ammoniak zuführen und auf diese weise einen*für die Erzielung eines leicht nitrierbaren und auswaschbaren Aluminiumhydroxydcs sehr günstigen Zustand höchster Konzentration herbeiführen. Dieser läßt sich ebensogut erreichen, wenn man das' Aluminiumsalz nur mit Wasser anfeuchtet bzw. übergießt und dann gasförmiges Ammoniak einleitet. An Stelle des gasförmigen Ammoniaks lassen sich auch verdünnte ammoniakalische Abgase, wie sie in dem Mpndgas bzw. Kokercigas vorliegen, verwenden.Liquid used in which not enough ammonia is contained to completely precipitate the aluminum hydroxide, so you can by supplying gaseous Am-5. monia necessary the 'r zurdi precipitation of aluminum hydroxides ^;., amount out ^ ammonia and in this way a * for achieving a slightly nitridable and washable Aluminiumhydroxydcs very favorable state of highest concentration cause.. This can be achieved just as well if the aluminum salt is only moistened with water or poured over it and then gaseous ammonia is introduced. Instead of the gaseous ammonia, it is also possible to use dilute ammoniacal waste gases, as are present in the gas or coke gas.
Man hätte erwarten sollen, daß das auf diese Weise erhaltene Aluminiumhydroxyd infolge desOne would have expected that the aluminum hydroxide obtained in this way would have been due to the
ao Arbeitens unter so ungewöhnlich konzentrierten Bedingungen den völligen Umsatz zwischen der Säure der Aluminiumsalze und dem einwirkenden Ammoniak verhindert bzw. große Mengen schwer auswaschbarer Ammonsalze umschließt.ao working under such unusually concentrated conditions the complete conversion between the Acid of the aluminum salts and the acting ammonia prevents or large amounts Envelops difficult to wash ammonium salts.
as Es hat sich jedoch die überraschende Tatsache gezeigt, daß diese Befürchtungen grundlos sind. Der Umsatz zwischen Metallsalz und Ammoniak vollzieht sich vollständig. Das entstehende Aluminiumhydroxyd fällt in einer körnigen oder knolligen Form aus, die hoch porös zu sein scheint und aus der die anhaftenden ■Ammonsalze ohne Schwierigkeiten völlig ausgewaschen werden können. Die gleichen Verhältnisse liegen für die übrigen in Frage kommenden Metallsalze vor. ' Beim Aluminium hat die Erfindung überdies noch besondere Bedeutung, wenn man sie auf mit Säure aufgeschlossene Tonerdematerialien anwendet.As it has, however, the surprising fact showed that these fears are unfounded. The conversion between metal salt and ammonia takes place completely. The resulting aluminum hydroxide falls in a granular or bulbous shape that appears to be highly porous and from which the adhering ammonium salts can be completely washed out without difficulty. The same conditions are available for the remaining metal salts in question. 'In the case of aluminum, the invention has Moreover, it is of particular importance when they are broken down with acid Applies clay materials.
Claims (2)
Publications (1)
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