DE2940839A1 - HONING MACHINE - Google Patents

Description

. Wolter Yes * U <t \

7 »tottgaH N. li ^ i *>

- £ - A 36 685 / beae Gehring GmbH & Co.KG 2940839

Gehringstrasse 28

7302 Ostfildern-Nellingen a.d.F. October 8, 1979

Honing machine

The invention relates to a honing machine according to the preamble of claim 1.

From DE-PS 25 50 770 it is known to measure the workpiece bore during or after machining and to use it to measure correction values for the stroke reversal of the honing tool.

Furthermore, from DE-03 19 50 112 a device for dimension-controlled Completion of the machining of workpieces on honing machines has become known in which, depending on a Diameter measurement in a re-measuring station, the delivery of the honing tool is readjusted.

This means that in series production, Even with very tight form and dimensional tolerances, the machined workpieces are within the specified tolerance limits.

The production is usually monitored by what is known as statistical quality control. With this control workpiece lots are randomly taken from ongoing production, with lots being a limited number directly consecutively machined workpieces is to be understood. The removed workpieces are very precise outside of the honing machine measured and the known statistical parameters, z. B. the mean (3c value) the standard deviation

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(S) and the variance (V) are determined.

These controls are, however, particularly by the Required precise measurement of the workpieces outside the honing machine at another measuring station, very time-consuming and correspondingly expensive. For economic reasons, the controls cannot therefore be carried out so frequently as it would be desirable in and of itself.

The object of the invention is to provide a remedy here and to develop a honing device according to the generic term so that that it automatically supplies the data required for statistical quality control without the WerksUicke transported to a second measuring station and there must be measured and grounded.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the teaching according to the characterizing features of claim 1 solved. According to the invention, the measuring device measures within the Honing machine, preferably with a known pneumatic mandrel and an electronic converter and evaluation device works, the honed workpiece bore in several planes that are axially spaced from one another, one of which records and processes the measured values directly Computing electronics are provided, which are connected via a data interface to a printer, which the measured values and prints out the statistical parameters. This means that the honing results are immediately recorded and can be used immediately are further processed. This results in numerous other advantages, e.g. B. shorter set-up times and less Reject, since an optimization of the honing result is possible immediately by changing the machining parameters in a targeted manner.

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A preferred embodiment is particularly advantageous of the invention in which the measuring device is a re-measuring device, d. H. a measuring device that already has remeasures machined workpieces and which is connected to a control device for automatic stroke adjustment, which contains a converter for converting measured values of the workpiece geometry into correction signals and with the Evaluation device is electrically connected in such a way that the reversal points of the working stroke as a function of the measured form errors of a machined workpiece are displaceable and that these form errors at the same time Computing electronics are entered which provide the parameters required for statistical quality control and print them out together with the measured values via a printer connected by means of a data interface leaves.

Form error is understood to mean the deviation of the machined workpieces from a specified target shape. The nominal shape is usually identical to the cylindrical shape (according to DIN J 184). However, it is easily possible, deviating from this, as a target shape z. B. a slight conicity, a partial conicity, a barrel shape or the like. Specify.

The size control is advantageously carried out by comparing it with a control ring that has the nominal size. Deviations from ideal target size, the z. B. caused by wear and tear of the control ring can be made by entering a correction on electrical Ways to be balanced. Furthermore, a drift of the measuring system, z. B. excluded by the influence of temperature, etc.

The measuring device, which preferably works pneumatically and is equipped with a measuring point, is inserted into the workpiece bore to be measured in . Axial direction retracted and.

moved from measuring plane to measuring plane. However, it is also possible that the measuring device itself has several axially spaced

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ORtGtNAL INSPECTED

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has mutually lying measuring points.

The movement of the measuring device is preferably carried out by a hydraulic piston-cylinder arrangement in which the position control with an electrical actual value potentiometer and several setpoint potentiometers and analog evaluation electronics work. The Auswertelektronitc compares the The wiper voltage coming from the actual value potentiometer, which is an analog measure for the current position of the measuring device represents, with the voltages supplied by the setpoint potentiometer, which the respective measuring levels represent, and, if the values are equal, emits a signal that is used for the hydraulic position control of the measuring device is recycled.

The possibility of remote setting is particularly advantageous here the measuring levels, the changeability during operation and the option to query the set measuring levels with digital display.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is also possible the measured values and the calculation results from the computer at the same time to a second data carrier, e.g. B. a tape punch to spend. Use is made of this option if the measured values are carried out by machine outside the honing machine are further processed. A z. B. for the processing of fitting parts that belong together, such as injection pump cylinder and piston, a particularly advantageous solution is to machine the workpieces in magazines and the workpiece measured values that Measuring temperature and the magazintiütmnwf on a punched tape to save. This punched tape is entered into the corresponding machine for processing the counterparts, which based on this information, the counterparts are processed and assigned with an accurate fit.

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Further advantages and features of the invention emerge only the subclaims and the description in connection with of the drawing showing an embodiment. In the drawing is shown schematically and partly in block diagram a honing device according to the invention is shown.

A honing spindle 2 is mounted in a honing machine 1, which is driven by a hydraulic lifting drive, namely a piston-cylinder arrangement 3 is movable up and down. The honing spindle 2 is also in a known manner by a Rotary drive (not shown) driven to rotate about its longitudinal axis. The honing spindle 2 carries a honing tool 4, the Honing stones can be advanced radially outward by a delivery mechanism (not shown) and that in the illustrated AusfUhrungsbeispiel machined the bore 5 of a workpiece 10.

A potentiometer 7 is connected to the honing spindle 2 as an actual value transmitter for the stroke movement. The drive connection between the honing spindle 2 and the grinder of the potentiometer 7 consist of a chain drive 8 in the exemplary embodiment.

The upward and downward movement of the hydraulic lifting mechanism 3 is controlled by a solenoid valve 18, the relay coil of which 19 is controlled by a lifting control device 20. The lifting control device 20 is an analog electronic device, its basic structure and function infDE-PSen 24 35 498 and 25 50 770 are described.

The stroke control device 20 consists essentially of two setpoint potentiometers 21 and 22, a correction element 23 and a comparator and evaluation device 24. On the two setpoint potentiometers 21 and 22 can be adjusted using an adjusting knob

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With digital input the desired reversal points of the honing spindle can be set, whereby one of these settings analog voltage is specified on the wiper of the associated potentiometer.

These voltages are given to the correction element 23, which has several inputs 25 to which values are entered which influence the setpoints for the upper and lower reversing point, for example values for the Initial switching delay, change in oil temperature in the hydraulics, change in lifting speed, change in drive power and the like. Another input 26 of the correction element 23 is for the input of values for the control of the workpiece geometry intended.

The comparator and evaluation device 24 compares the from Actual value transmitter 7 coming voltage taken from the potentiometer wiper, which is an analog measure for the instantaneous Represents the position of the honing spindle 2, with the respective corrected setpoint voltage supplied by the correction element 23, which represents an analogous measure for the desired upper or lower reversal point. If the values match, there are the comparator and evaluation device 24 emits a control signal which is evaluated to reverse the stroke movement of the honing spindle is, as explained in more detail in DE-PS 24 35 498 is.

Furthermore, a measuring device 9 is provided, the one has spindle which is movable upwards and downwards by a hydraulic lifting drive 11. The measuring spindle 10 carries a measuring tool 12, which is the bore 13 of a workpiece 14 that has already been honed.

The dimensional control is carried out in an advantageous manner by a comparative measurement by means of a, in the exemplary embodiment above

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half dos workpiece 14 arranged control ring 64. The The arrangement is preferably made so that in the upper end position of the lifting drive 11 the control measuring plane C / goes through the measuring tool 12. With the Me3splndel OK A potentiometer 15 is connected as .Istwertgeber for the stroke movement. In the exemplary embodiment, the connection consists of a toothed rack 16 attached to the measuring spindle 10, which is connected to a pinion firmly seated on the potentiometer shaft 17 combs.

The hydraulic lift drive 11 is controlled by a solenoid valve controlled for up and down movement; the relay coils 28 and 29 of the solenoid valve are controlled by a measuring device 30 controlled.

The measuring tool 12 preferably operates in a manner known per se Way pneumatically. The measured values coming from the measuring tool are fed to a measuring transducer 31, which forwards these measured values to the measuring control device 30 as electrical signals.

Measurements are carried out successively in the exemplary embodiment the control ring size KG in the measuring plane G, the workpiece dimensions WA mn upper end of the hole in plane A, the workpiece dimension WB in the center of the hole in plane B and the workpiece dimension ", 7C at the lower end of the hole in level C.

The measuring control device 30 is an analog electronic device, the basic structure and function of which is described below will.

As soon as there is a honed workpiece in the measuring device 9, a signal arrives which is transmitted by the (not shown) Machine control comes to the control signal input 32 of the

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Path control element oo3. This triggers the measuring process. He begins with the measurement of the control ring size KG in level G.

The path control member 33 then controls the relay coil 29 of the solenoid valve 27, which controls the lifting drive and the downward movement of the measuring spindle 10 with the measuring tool 12 triggers.

The potentiometer 15, which is connected as an actual value transmitter to the measuring spindle 10, supplies a voltage via its wiper to the path control element 33, which voltage represents an analogous measure for the instantaneous position of the measuring tool. An input device 34 for the adjustment and the determination of the position of the measuring planes is also connected to the path control element 33. In the exemplary embodiment, the input device 34 contains a potentiometer 35 for the electrical adjustment of the actual value transmitter I5 with respect to the control ring measuring plane G; The input device also contains . $ k potentiometers 36, 37 and 38 as control value transmitters "for setting the position of the workpiece measuring planes A, B and C.

The path control element 33 compares the voltage coming from the potentiometer slider of the actual value transmitter 15 with the voltages supplied by the control value transmitters 36, 37 and 38 and, if they match, emits a control signal that causes the stroke control drive 11 to stop briefly. During ^{1 of} these short downtimes, the measurements in planes A, B and C are carried out. At the same time, the transfer of the measured values supplied by the transducer 31 into a memory 39 is controlled with a second control signal. After the measurement at the lower end of the workpiece (measuring plane C), the path control element 33 sends a control signal to the relay coil 28 of the solenoid valve 27, whereby the measuring tool 12 returns to its upper starting position (measuring plane G). The measuring tool is then ready for the next measurement.

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Dor:; perichor 39 advantageously contains a Mullsutornatik, v / hich the f4eßebcne control in G measured V / ert KG Nuliwert sets and each fine difference found .7erkst to this zero value with correct sign to the ^{T r} lckmei3werten Vi ^1- A , V / D, vlC added. This measure compensates for any drifting of the measuring system; deviations in the measured values are corrected, which z. B. can result from the influence of temperature or other external influences on the measuring system.

The signals from the memory 39 are fed to an analog computer 40. An input device 41 is also connected to the analog computer for inputting correction values, which in the exemplary embodiment contains a potentiometer 42 for correcting the control ring dimension KG and potentiometer 43 or 44 Γ'ύν for correcting the workpiece dimensions WA and WC.

Cinema correction input on potentiometer 42 is, for example, d-ιπη necessary or useful if the control ring 64, - / .. B. due to wear, does not have the exact nominal workpiece dimension. The entry results in a shift of the measuring plane G, which represents the comparison plane for the workpiece planes A, B and C. The correction value is added to the measurement signals.

The measurement signals - corrected if necessary - represent the deviations of the workpiece from a given ideal workpiece with exact dimensions and precise, for example cylindrical shape.

In order to be able to specify a desired shape deviating from the cylindrical shape, the desired deviations in the measuring plane A (upper workpiece end) b :: w. set in measuring plane C (lower V / piece end) in relation to measuring plane B (workpiece center). The possibly entered

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130017 / 012A BATH ORIGINAL

The value for the measuring plane A becomes the measuring signal for the factory dimension WA assigned, and the value entered for measuring level c, if applicable, is assigned to the measuring signal for workpiece dimension C, these default values can be added to the measured values, but look for a different type of link is possible.

From the thus determined measured values, which can thus be corrected, the analog computer calculated 40 by means of a subtractor, the differences of the measured values from the measuring planes B and A, B and C as well as A and C, so V / B-WA, WB-WC _U nd WA toilet. These difference values represent the deviation from the specified target shape. The calculated values are forwarded to an evaluation device 45 together with the measured values. In addition, these values are given via a display selector switch 46 to a display device 47, in which they can be displayed digitally and / or analogously. A signal connecting line 48 coming from the path control element 33 is also connected to the display selector switch 46. This results in the particularly advantageous possibility of also displaying the position of the measuring planes specified on the input device 34 on the display device 47.

The evaluation device 45 is used to input limit values an input device 49 is connected which, in the exemplary embodiment, is a potentiometer 50 for specifying the limit value for the Contains stroke correction for form errors and a potentiometer 51 for specifying the limit value for correcting the tool infeed in the event of dimensional errors, a potentiometer 52 for specifying the limit value for reject detection in the event of formal errors and a Potentiometer 53 for specifying the limit value for reject detection in the event of dimensional errors.

The amount of the oig supplied by the analog computer 40 Difference values WB-WA and iffi-WC are recorded in the evaluation device 45 with the limit set on potentiometer 50 worth compared. If the specified limit word for the

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S is exceeded, the evaluation device 4'3 enters:; ignnl nn the input 2o of the lifting control device 20, which thereupon a ·.? causes corresponding stroke correction. lot, for example, the measured value difference W3 - V / A positive, ie de. ¹ ; · the value measured in level 3 is higher than the measured value from level A, the upper reversal point is corrected "upwards" (stroke extension); If the measured value difference is negative, then a "downward" correction is made (tube shortening). The same applies to the measured value difference WB - · WC with respect to the lower reversing point.

It should be noted that when machining blind bores and the like, where a stroke correction is not possible due to the mostly missing or insufficient undercut at the bottom of the bore, other rumblings can be corrected which affect the shape of the bore. So for example? In the case of a honing machine with a stroke delay control, wio: i <3 is described in DK- Pil 21 04 439, the delay time is corrected accordingly. For example, if the difference V / B WC is positive, the delay time is prolonged, dioao difference is negative, the delay zo It is shortened.

In the evaluation device 45, the difference measured values UB - V / Λ, WB - WC and ViA - WC are compared with the limit value set on the potentiometer 52 according to their absolute value. If the predetermined limit value for reject detection is exceeded because of too large a form error, then the evaluation device 45 generates a signal at its output 54 which is fed to the machine control (not shown). The workpiece is recognized as scrap and automatically sorted out by means known to me.

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130017/01 BATH ORIGINAL

Furthermore, the from the analog computer 4O delivered measured value '.VB, which is used for the finished dimension of the The workpiece bore is decisive, with the one on the potentiometer 51 or the limit value set on the potentiometer 53 is compared. If the measured value V / 3 exceeds the value specified on potentiometer 51 Limit value for the tool readjustment, the evaluation device 45 gives a signal via its output 55 the (not shown) feed control for the honing tool, whereby the feed of the honing tool accordingly is corrected.

If the measured value WB exceeds the limit value set on potentiometer 53 for reject detection, so the evaluation device 45 also delivers a signal via its output 54 to the (not shown) Machine control. The workpiece is then recognized as scrap and rejected.

According to a particularly advantageous feature of the honing device according to the invention, the measured and calculated values supplied by the analog computer 40 to the evaluation device 45, in the exemplary embodiment the measured values WA, WB and WC and the difference values WB - WA, WB - WC and WA - WC are sent to a statistical evaluation device 56 forwarded.

The statistical evaluation device 56 is a digitally operating electronic device, its basic structure and Function are described below.

In the form of analog signals from the evaluation device 45 Measured values supplied are fed to a measured value converter 57, which converts these measured values into digital signals and sends them to a micro-computer 58 forwards.

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The computer 58 is preprogrammed for calculating statistical parameters for quality control. He contains a keypad 59 for the manual input of variables that influence the computer program and the calculation process, 2. B. a value for the size of the lot (number of workpieces) on which the calculation is based target.

The measured values supplied by the transducer 57 are in read in a data memory of the computer 58 and put together with a running workpiece number by means of a printer 6l printed out. According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, various other features are also provided Print out data, namely a workpiece ID number, the date and time of the measurement and the measurement temperature that was used during of the measurement is determined in a manner known per se. The printer 61 is connected to the computer via a data interface βθ 58 connected. After the specified lot size has been reached, the statistical parameters are calculated and printed out in Embodiment of the mean (x-value) of the standard deviation (S) and the variance (V). According to the input to be entered by a switch, "n" or "n-l", where "n" is the number of pieces read in Work pieces is. The set size of the lot can be made visible at any time on the display field 62 of the computer and can be changed by means of the keys on the keypad 59.

According to a further feature of the invention, the measured values and the calculation results can also be stored on a further data carrier are abandoned, preferably on a punched tape by means of a tape punch 63, which is parallel to the Printer 6l is connected to the computer via data interface 60.

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The storage of the measured values and the calculation results on punched tape or any other data carrier is special The advantage is that further machine processing of this data is possible outside of the honing machine.

A particular advantage of the honing device according to the invention is that for each individual on the honing machine manufactured workpiece: e.g. B. to an injection pump cylinder, automatically a precisely fitting counterpart on a second machine: can be ground, for example a piston on an external cylindrical grinding machine. The so coordinated Accurately fitting parts can also be assigned to one another by means of the data carrier.

For this production of matching parts, the workpieces, for example in magazines, are in groups summarized and edited. The magazine number or some other characteristic value is stored on the data carrier (punched tape) for the group, date and time, measuring temperature and characteristic values of the workpieces are stored, namely the workpiece measured values and calculation results, the current workpiece number, the workpiece ID number and, if necessary, other data. The data carrier, for example a punched tape, the corresponding measuring control of the machine is also used for processing in groups of the counterparts entered so that the machine can manufacture the counterparts with an accurate fit based on this information can.

Since the group or magazine number and the sequence of the workpieces within the group are also saved as data are, the related workpieces can be determined for assembly and assigned to each other, so that a special high accuracy of fit is guaranteed.

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Claims (1)

7 · ..ιιο..ι »* ..» .. «,, ... 2 3 403 Machine works Λ jo GB ^ / L "" ^ Gehring GmbH & Co.KG Gehringstrasse 28 Ostfildern-Neiiingen a.d.P. October 8, 1979 ., Honing machine with / for E Claims phtun gen (1., honing machine with / for recording and evaluating dimensions ^ - ^ of the honed workpiece, characterized in that A workpiece measuring device (9) is connected to the honing machine (1), which is an electronic converter (31) is connected downstream with a measurement control device that records the measured values converted into electrical signals (30) is connected and that this measurement control device (30) is followed by a statistical evaluation device (56) is. 2. Honing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that dai3 the measuring device (9) with its measuring tool (12), preferably a pneumatic measuring mandrel known per se, is arranged within the honing machine and for measuring the workpiece bore (13) in several with an axial distance planes (A, B, C) lying apart from one another are provided. 3. Honing machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the measuring device (9) is one of the hydraulic drive (11) has moving measuring spindle (10) with measuring tool (12), which is provided for re-measuring the honed workpieces (14) is, and that the measuring device (9) with a control device for the automatic adjustment of the stroke of the Measuring spindle (10) is provided. 1 3001 7/01 24 -2- 4. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the final measurement is a comparative measurement by means of a ^{control ring (64) arranged outside the workpiece (I 2} O), such that the measuring tool is in the upper end position of the lifting drive (ll) (12) is in the control measuring plane (G) of the control ring (64). 5. Honing machine according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that an actual value transmitter (15) for the stroke movement is connected to the measuring spindle (10), with as a connection for example a toothed rack (16) arranged on the measuring spindle (10) and a toothed rack (16) that engages in this, a pinion (17) seated on the shaft of the actual value encoder (potentiometer 15) is provided. 6. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the stroke control device of the measuring spindle (10) has a solenoid valve controlling its upward and downward movement (27), the relay coils (28, 29) of which with the measuring control device (30), in particular with its displacement control element (33) are connected. 7. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the analog processing, electronic measuring control device (30) has a path control element (33), which on the one hand with the control of the honing machine (1, 32), with the actual value transmitter (potentiometer 15) and with relay coils (28, 29) of the measuring device (9) and on the other hand with an input (34) for the adjustment of the actual value transmitter (15) for the measuring plane (G) and setpoint transmitters (36, 37, 38) for the measuring planes (A to C) and is connected to a memory (39) with a downstream analog computer (40), the memory (39) in turn being electrically connected to the converter (31) downstream of the measuring device (9). -3- 130017/0124 3. Honing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that a correction value input (41) for the measured values (WA, WB, WC) are connected. 9. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the analog computer (4Ό) with a Display / selector switch (46) and an evaluation device (45) is provided, preferably a signal connection (48) between the display selector switch (46) and the v / eg control member (33) is arranged. 10. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that that between evaluation device (45) and stroke control device (20) of the honing machine (1) an input control (26) is provided for the tool geometry. 11. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the memory (39) has a zero automatic has, such that the value measured in the zero ring measuring plane (G) is set to zero and the determined Difference to zero can be added to the workpiece measured values with the correct sign. 12. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that that to the evaluation device (4-5) a limit value input (49) for specifying the limit value for the lifting device due to form error (potentiometer 50), for the limit value specification for the correction of the tool infeed due to Dimensional error (potentiometer 51), for specifying the limit value for the detection of rejects due to formal errors (potentiometer * 52) and a limit value presetting device (53) for the specification of Limit values for reject detection due to dimensional errors is connected. 130017/0124 15. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the evaluation Sinrichtung (45) signal paths (26) to the correction element (23) of the stroke control device (20), signal paths (54) to the control device of the honing machine (1) and signal paths (55) for the control device for the honing tool (4). ^! 14. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 13 *, characterized in that the evaluation device (45) for Forwarding of the from the analog computer (4o) to the evaluation device (45) given measured and calculated values is followed by a statistical evaluation device (56). 15. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the statistical evaluation device (56) has a converter (57) in which the analog measured value signals arriving from the evaluation device (45) convertible into digital signals and a downstream microcomputer, preferably provided with a keypad (59) (58) can be directed. 16. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized characterized in that the measured values supplied by the converter (57) can be read into a data memory of the microcomputer (58) and can be printed out together with a current workpiece number by a downstream printer (6l). 17. Honing machine according to claim 16, characterized in that Identification data such as workpiece identification numbers, date, time of measurement, measurement temperature, etc. via the printer (6l.) are printable. 18. Honing machine according to one of claims l6 or 17, characterized in that the printer (6l) via a data interface (60) is connected to the computer (58). -5- 130017/0124 19. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the workpiece size on the computer display (62) can be called and can be changed by means of the computer keyboard (59). 20. Honing machine according to one of claims 1 to 19 * characterized in that the measured values and the calculation results are not only on the printer (6l) but also on at least one further data carriers, for example a tape punch (6j5), can be applied. 21. A method for machining a workpiece, e.g. B. a cylinder on a honing machine according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 20, characterized in that for the automatic assignment of one to another machine tool to be processed, precisely fitting counterpart, z. B. a piston, the workpieces to be honed in magazines processed and the workpiece measured values and calculation results as well as other data, such as workpiece number, identification number, Date, time, measuring temperature, magazine number on a data carrier, e.g. B. punched tape, are saved and these values are then used to control the other machine tool on which the counterparts are also stored in a magazine are processed, for the purpose of precisely fitting processing of these counterparts are entered in this machine. 130017/0124