DE2758601A1 - PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT FOR REPAIRING ROAD COVERS - Google Patents

Description

Process and device for reconditioning road surfaces

The invention relates to a device and a method for effective and economical renovation, repair and heat treatment of road surfaces. In particular, the invention relates in one embodiment to the reconditioning of existing asphalt surfaces on the street bed, with little or no new ceiling material is needed.

The increasing use of automobiles as the primary means of transporting people and goods has expanded considerably and densification of the road networks, both long-distance connections and roads in residential areas. Many of these streets are completely or partially paved 'made of asphalt smell, and that too to a large extent only in the last few years. Based on these

Developments are the advances in the field of asphalt pavements on methods and facilities for the new construction of Roads are concentrated, while the repair or renewal of existing roads has seemed less important up to now.

Asphalt surfaces become deficient due to aging and also due to heavy use. All the real reasons should be mentioned, for example, locally concentrated tensions caused by driving on heavy vehicles Vehicles, subsidence and groundwater effects. This results in unevenness in the surface, cracks and potholes. So far, new building methods have essentially been modified and adapted for repair or restoration. E.g. be the cracks, dents and potholes were filled with a fresh asphalt mixture in the respective small area of the pavement where this is necessary. However, repaired areas of this type are often not as stable and durable as the original Cover and therefore require repeated and extensive patch-like repairs. Eventually, the deterioration may occur the ceiling condition go so far that at least sections of the entire road surface to be renewed.

For this purpose, the old asphalt pavement is torn up, the pieces of pavement are loaded onto vehicles and transported to a landfill, often over a considerable distance. Then becomes a new hot mix of asphalt started up, applied and compacted in a process that practically corresponds to a new covering with new material.

Difficulties arise from the fact that more and more sections of the existing road system in need of improvement.

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In addition, there is a global shortage of petroleum products, to which asphalt also does not, and a corresponding noticeable increase in costs. There is also a certain need to divide up the existing resources in terms of their use for various purposes, such as energy generation on the one hand and road repairs on the other. If the high costs for new asphalt are combined with the costs for labor »equipment \ snü energy, this leads to total costs with the known renovation processes, which make it seem impossible to keep the extensive road system of modern industrialized countries in good condition. Informed circles have already spoken of "that under these conditions a deterioration in the fee-sharing penalty system is very likely to be expected. This development will be accelerated even further if the number of motor vehicles, in particular also trucks, is increased further, as is quite likely at the moment.

As a remedy, and "to reduce the cost of road repair to the level of what is economically feasible *, it has been suggested to recondition existing asphalt pavements." remotely located processing plant in which the pavement parts are heated until the asphalt softens. Then the components of the old ceiling are prepared to a new mixture. This renewed asphalt mixture is then brought back to the road in a warm state and used to re-cover the road in the usual way,

This reuse of existing ceilings allows for a noticeable

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Savings due to the fact that little or no new asphalt and aggregates are required. Another economical and ecological advantage arises from the fact that for the old material no more landfill space is required.

The economic benefits of reusing asphalt pavements in the manner noted here are largely limited to savings on new asphalt and aggregates. The saving However, the transport costs for material, labor and installation costs are relatively low in most cases. In fact, the facility costs can be increased somewhat by the fact that apparatus and equipment for heating new asphalt ordinarily cannot be used to clean the debris to warm up the old asphalt surface; these parts tend to ignite and produce a lot of smoke if they are in the same Facilities used for the preparation of fresh asphalt mixes are treated. In a known processing plant, for example, a special heat exchanger, similar to a drum mixer, used in an arrangement which provides isolation of the mixture from an external combustion chamber. .

In part because of the reduction in ignition and pollution problems, it has recently been proposed in a processing plant for fragments of old asphalt road surfaces to use microwave energy for heating. The microwave energy is a heating medium that works without a flame and works much faster than known methods. It does not depend on the fact that heat is conducted inwards from the surface of the lumps. Rather, within 4es the entire volume of the

to be heated substance generates heat. The use of microwave heating for such purposes is associated with a number of special technical difficulties which it eliminates must be made before such a procedure becomes practicable. For example, working with microwave ovens is an expensive one Heating process, so it must be ensured that a high Share of microwave energy generated within the asphalt mix is converted into heat. Furthermore, for safety reasons, there should not be any noticeable amount from the heating area Microwave energy are released into the environment. This should also interfere with other electronic equipment, such as radar systems, Microwave communication compounds and the like be avoided. There are methods xmd facilities known to Use microwave energy to heat other types of materials, e.g. in large-scale food processing in continuous processing operations involving large quantities. To a certain extent, these known devices and processes also for the processing and heating of anphalt-containing Chunks of the ceilings of the penal system can be converted into permanent structures »

As mentioned, the usual renewal procedures will use the old one Asphalt pavement torn up and away and after a rubble dump transported. The old material was treated as waste and increased the cost of replacement by removing it from the roadbed had to be removed and then continued. In addition, there were costs for the storage! See, it was only recently recognized that the processing old asphalt surfaces need not be restricted to the actual road surface. The large amounts of old asphalt, which are currently in landfills can, if usable

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Procedures available can be viewed practically as asphalt pits.

With the knowledge that reusing old asphalt leads to savings procedures and special facilities are also required, given the extent of the roads to be maintained has been proposed in order to carry out this reuse in an economical and technically efficient manner.

Except for the economic problems of renewal discussed so far or repairing asphalt roads, technical aspects must also be taken into account. For example, the bond between new asphalt in crevices, depressions and potholes or the like and the neighboring old pavement relatively weak due to the fact that the warming of the old patch during the repair is limited to the directly affected areas of the old ceiling. A similarly weak bond is also mostly to be expected at the border between a renewed and an old section of an asphalt road.

Another problem is that a hot mix prepared in a fixed installation must be overheated because it has to be transported to the construction site and cools down in the process. However, such cooling usually does not occur uniformly in the entire volume of the hot mixture, so that considerable temperature differences are to be expected even if additional heating is provided for transport to the construction site or at the construction site. Adjacent areas of the ceiling are therefore applied and processed at considerably different temperatures; this adversely affects the quality of the ceiling.

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With the usual renovation and repair processes, the hot mix must also be kept at high temperatures for the relatively long times during transport and application. The practical heating and wax holding problems usually rule out such work, apart from essential repairs, being carried out in wet or cold weather. In many areas, such roadworks cease during the winter.

The problems of the treatment of asphalt pavements discussed here relate to road pavements that are made entirely or partially of other material. For example, motorways that have concrete pavements, but whose edge strips are often asphalted. But also concrete ceilings are destroyed by use and aging? it may then be necessary to apply the additives € t ~ menhang with a heat treatment a blanket of a suitable material for such purposes, in which case also the problems discussed above occur.

The invention intends to create methods and devices with whose existing asphalt surfaces can be reconditioned in an extremely economical and effective manner, and by the fact that the work-up basically takes the place of the existing ceiling and in many cases is carried out in such a way that the ceiling is not covered by the road bed or another layer of paving is lifted. Certain forms of the invention are also attf the preservation of concrete cars or the like and on the Recovery of asphalt from waste on landfill applicable "

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In a practical embodiment of the invention, successive Sections of the old asphalt surface quickly decomposed on the spot by heating with microwave energy and then the ingredients are mixed again on the spot, that is in many cases on the bed of the road. The hot remixed ones Components are then smoothed and compacted again. A road in need of repair can be progressively worked on a very good road surface with properties that correspond to those of a newly built road. Little or no new asphalt and aggregates are required. Very substantial additional savings result by the fact that transport costs for material between the Construction site and a landfill and between a stationary mixing plant and the construction site are considerably reduced or eliminated Also the need for transport vehicles, rippers, loader vehicles and the like is correspondingly reduced or eliminated, as is the provision of unloading areas for old paving stones Instead, the invention can even be used to reclaim asphalt from such landfills.

If, in the implementation of the invention, fuel-operated motors are used to drive electrical generators which supply the energy for the microwave sources, further savings in costs and energy result from the fact that the motors are used to supplement or maintain the heating effect of the microwaves will.

The invention can be used to repair and restore asphalt Seitenstrei fen mainly consisting of concrete roads , it can also be modified so that

Damaged road surfaces made of concrete or the like can be repaired. An asphalt or other covering Suitable finishing material can be applied to the concrete and thereby held in place by the device according to the invention be heated. Such an area can then be used regularly as required and revised according to the invention in order to ensure an excellent surface quality over a long period of time.

A device according to the invention has application devices that effectively introduce microwave energy into the "Existing road surface located beneath it, so that the ceiling is heated extremely quickly and evenly. Further facilities are provided to prevent the escape of microwave energy from the heating area of the road surface *

The device according to the invention for reconditioning asphalt surfaces preferably has the For »sines ait self-propelled Vehicle, which is divided into several sections and carries a device »which directs the microwave energy downwards» so that the pavement underneath is broken down broken patches reach into it and one or more GLäittangssehienen »follow the deserving entities» one Such a vehicle arrangement can travel along an existing road at low speed and thereby successively Renew sections of the road surface.

On the vehicle arrangement are one or more inotor-driven Generators provided that deliver the electrical energy »with which the micro-time source or sources are operated.

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Preferably, the hot exhaust gases from the engines are used to to complement the heating effect of microwaves in the pavement, to continue the heating of the pavement components during the subsequent remixing, a supply of additional, to keep paving materials carried on the vehicle at an elevated temperature, to heat the compactor surfaces, to prevent the asphalt from sticking, or to bring about any combination of these effects.

The invention therefore enables asphalt pavements to be made more economical and more effectively than before. Those involved in the renewal or repair of roads or other asphalt surfaces Material and transport costs arising are considerably reduced according to the invention. The method according to the invention and facilities for renewing or repairing asphalt roads or the like therefore require less expensive material and energy; in addition, the previously expected environmental pollution and environmental pollution is reduced.

Another result of the invention is the quality of the bond between the newly laid asphalt and adjacent areas of the old pavement during repair and restoration of roads and similar areas is improved.

The invention further enables effective use of microwave energy in the renewal or repair of roads or similar areas, the emission of microwave frequencies from the work site being avoided . The invention also allows concrete roadways or the like, and restore the tandzuhalten.

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Further advantages and features of the invention emerge from the claims as well as from the following description and the drawings, in which the invention is explained and illustrated, for example. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the temperatures reached by samples of different materials, as a function of time with the same exposure to microwave energy,

Fig. 2 is a graph of the temperatures reached by various paving materials; after being heated in a 500 watt microwave oven, dor rait 245O MHZ »2 minutes at a time have been,

Fig. 3 is a dlock diagram of the successive method steps in the reconditioning of a worn asphalt surface according to the method according to the invention,

4 is a block diagram showing additional method steps that can be used in carrying out the invention;
5 shows the execution of the method according to the invention

Help from mostly known pieces of equipment, Fig * 6 shows the embodiment of the invention with a known per se Vehicle for the production of road surfaces, FIG. 7 shows a broken away side view of a Vehicle with microwave applicators for the hardening and decomposition of asphalt surfaces Spot,

FIg ^ B a view from below of the vehicle from FIG. 7 corresponding to the arrow line 8-8 of this FIG

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second embodiment of the microwave transmission vehicle for heating and decomposing the old asphalt surface,

Flg. IO a view of the underside of a corner part of the vehicle of the Flg. 9, corresponding to the line 10-10 of this Fig.,

Fig. 11 is a view along the line 11-11 of FIG

Illustration of details of a microwave energy barrier ,

12 is a partially broken away perspective view of the front corner part of a third Embodiment of the microwave transmission vehicle with a modified form of the microwave energy shielding means,

13 shows a section along the line 13-13 of FIG. 12, FIG. 14 shows a section along the line 14-14 of FIG. 13,

15 shows a broken away perspective view of the left rear corner of a further embodiment of a vehicle with transmission devices for Microwave energy,

16 shows a side view of a compressor vehicle to be used for carrying out the invention,

FIG. 17 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 16 through the Compressor vehicle,

18 shows a cross section through the vehicle of FIG. 16 along the line 18-18 of FIG. 17,

19 shows a side view of an overall device for reconditioning road surfaces using sub-vehicles similar to those shown in the previous figures,

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FIG. 20 shows a representation of a modified one corresponding to FIG. 19 Embodiment of the system,

FIG. 21 is a plan view of the systems of FIG. 20, 22 shows a side view of a vehicle for restoring the ceiling surface,

23 shows a top view of the vehicle of FIG. 22, FIG. 24 shows a side view of an asphalt repair and

Recovery vehicles,

25 shows a plan view of the vehicle from FIG. 24, FIG. 26 shows a side view of a further embodiment

a road rehabilitation facility; and FIG. 27 is a plan view of the facility of FIG.

According to the invention, worn asphalt pavement is decomposed, they are heated in the place where they were originally applied, then mixed up again and in the original place be put down again. Compared with the renewal according to known Process that mechanically breaks open the old ceiling * / shuts it down After a landfill and then restarting and applying the new ceiling material, there are significant savings of costs, energy consumption, workload, storage space and Facilities,

The reconditioning of asphalt surfaces according to the invention on the site requires that the warming up and decomposition of the old blanket be carried out on the spot at least partially with a heating medium which has not previously been used for this purpose, namely by injecting microwave energy into the existing ceiling the road bed or the like is directed. Other heating methods are comparatively very slow and have different effects.

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moderate, because those outside the ceiling e.g. by burning Heat generated by fuel can only act on the surface of the pavement and then must be transferred into the interior by conduction will. However, conduction heat transfer is a fairly slow process and necessarily leads to large temperature gradients inside a solid material, such as an old road surface. The microwave energy, on the other hand, literally penetrates momentarily into the old ceiling and generates heat very quickly, not exactly on the surface, but within the entire volume the road surface.

The microwave energy can be considered here as radiating electromagnetic energy with a frequency in the range of about 400 to about 300,000 MHz. For practical purposes it should be noted that that government agencies usually operate within the entire microwave band for various uses, such as communications, Radar systems, industrial processing methods and the like release certain special frequency ranges. Therefore, in the following, reference is made to the special frequencies of 915 and 2,450 MHz. These 2 frequencies are the ones that are currently approved in the USA for industrial microwave equipment. However, this does not mean that these frequencies are the are best or alone suitable; the invention is not restricted to these frequencies.

The microwave sources are, for example, magnetron tubes or the like known to generate microwave frequencies with high output powers. They are widely used for communications and radar systems and also for heating materials, such as the preparation of

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processing of food or the hardening of plastics.

At first glance, microwave energy might appear to be unsuitable for heating asphalt pavements. In addition to the difficulties of effectively coupling the energy to the road surface or the like to be worked on, there is the problem of preventing this energy from being radiated from the work site. Tests have also shown that microwave energy can only be coupled so weakly to pure asphalt / that it can be viewed as almost transparent for the radiating microwave energy.

Different substances differ greatly in their ability to absorb microwave energy and thereby convert this energy into internal heat. The extent to which microwave energy can be absorbed or coupled to a substance depends on the best overall atomic or molecular properties of the substance in question in relation to the microwave frequency or wavelength. As noted above, the absorption in pure asphalt is extraordinarily poor. On the other hand, the absorption of microwave energy by water molecules is a comparatively effective method. In many known uses in which substances are heated with microwave energy, such as. When cooking food, it is assumed for practical purposes that the heating occurs primarily through interaction with the water content of the substance. Figure 1 is a graph illustrating the temperatures that a sample of pure asphalt and also a sample of water reach during exposure to microwave energy for the same length of time. The relative ineffectiveness of warming asphalt compared to water is readily apparent.

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Fig. 1 also shows the temperatures that a sample from an old Asphalt surface achieved by microwave heating under essentially the same conditions «Surprising not only occurs in Such a sample exhibits a very effective conversion into heat, but the heating is actually noticeably more effective than that of water. Since pure asphalt is very bad at microwave energy responds, it can be assumed that the microwaves are strongly absorbed by other components of the pavement that are made of Stone and sand particles of various sizes exist and in total are referred to as aggregates. That in itself is of concern 1 borrowed interest, since the elements silicon and oxygen in of the earth's crust make up almost 3/4 of the rock components. A known rock component consisting of these elements is e.g. quartz. However, quartz absorbs microwave energy so poorly that it is widely used to form windows permeable to microwave energy. The tests have also shown that Microwave energy is extremely strongly absorbed by rock particles, which are of the types common to road cover be used. For comparison purposes, Figure 1 also shows the heating effect on a typical sample of a pebble from about 1.3 cm in diameter. After a microwave exposure corresponding to that required for the derivation of the measured values for pure Asphalt and for water was applied.

Fig. 2 shows the heating after exposure to microwave energy on different types of gravel or stone chippings that come from different geological locations in California and Nevada. Next is the degree of warming by comparison of pure asphalt, quart and water entered under the same conditions. According to this, dl is the effectiveness of microwave heating

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for all of these different types of aggregates, for one Typical sample from an old asphalt surface and extremely strong for a concrete sample.

It is believed that the high efficiency of microwave heating for a variety of rock types is due to the fact that the elements silicon and oxygen are not only quartz, but also together with other elements form a group of minerals known collectively as silicates, which make up over 90% of the earth's crust. From Fig. 2 it can be deduced that, in contrast to quartz, silicates strongly absorb microwaves. The basic molecular structure of all silicates has a tetrahedron, which consists of a silicon atom in the middle and oxygen atoms ordered at each of the 4 corners. The silicate crystal structures are apparently polar electrics with fairly high dielectric constants. A high value of the dielectric constant indicates that there is a large shift in a crystal structure of polarization charges in the presence of voltage stresses occurs, which are applied by microwave fields. This is the process by which microwave energy enters a dielectric Substance is transformed into heat.

If a sample were found and tested that consisted only of asphalt and extremely pure quartz aggregates, it is possible that a less effective warming ζώ would be observed here. The data of Fig. 2 show, however, that such a patch, if any exists is very unusual.

The fact that microwave energy heats rock faster than water, see Fig. 1, does not mean that rock material is in

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a microwave field absorbs more energy than water. This The apparent contradiction is explained by the fact that the specific heat of water, by definition 1.0, is essential higher than that of rock. Most rocks have a specific heat in the range of around 0.2. That means that one given microwave input energy five times more rock material than water can heat to a given temperature.

Figure 3 illustrates the steps which enable a worn asphalt road to be renewed in the practice of the invention. The existing pavement 11 is heated by introducing microwave energy into the pavement located on the road bed 12 to the extent is transferred, which is necessary to heat the mixture to such an extent that the asphalt becomes liquid or semi-liquid. As mentioned, the heating is likely to occur initially in the aggregate components of the patch. However, the warmth will snow: transferred to the asphalt. Heating to temperatures of or above about 77 ° C is sufficient for this purpose in most cases the end; however, certain deviations are possible depending on the exact composition of the old patch. If up to that If the point is heated at which the asphalt binder is at least semi-liquid, the old pavement loses its cohesion and can be easily crumbled.

After the disintegration of the old plaster by means of heat, then the original ingredients are remixed to redistribute the asphalt in the mass and the ingredients into a loose mass to transfer that can be worked through. At this stage, some additional new asphalt, aggregates, or paving oils can be added if desired, although not

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is always required. In many cases it has been found that the lower parts of the old plaster are relatively longer Asphalt included as the upper parts. The new mixture redistributes the asphalt and ensures that the composition is uniform throughout achieved.

This new mixture can be achieved by stirring, plowing, raking, or other operations so that the patch components remain directly on the roadbed, substantially at its original location on the road bed. Instead, the decomposed pavement can also be lifted briefly from the road bed 12 by a conveyor device or the like and mixed again and then returned to the road bed. In any event, however, the browsing operation is preferably carried out at the work site without moving the material over any appreciable distance in trucks or the like.

After mixing and while the pavement components are still in the dissolved state at an elevated temperature, the material is smoothed. »After the smoothing process, the mixture on the road bed is compacted again. After the mixture has cooled and hardened, the result is a renewed, smooth road surface 11" high quality.

This process can be implemented in such a way that the various Steps are carried out in sequence on a certain small area of the damaged road 11. In many cases it is advantageous to carry out all the steps at the same time, the processing slowly on the damaged road 11 in the direction of the Arrow 15 advances »If during this type of locomotion

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is heated with microwaves «successive sections of the worn plaster are dissolved, while successive sections of the previously dissolved plaster again be mixed. The smoothing and compaction can then proceed along the road in substantially the same manner. Examples of devices which perform the various operations simultaneously and continuously are given below described.

Fig. 3 already illustrates that according to the invention in large Ample fuel for transporting materials can be saved. Fig. 4 illustrates a further advantage of the method, namely a significantly improved fuel economy, which in turn also enables work advantages.

Usually there is no electrical energy source at a work place with which the microwave source or sources 13, 4, can be operated. As a result, one or more electrical generators 14 are provided, which in turn of one or more fuel-powered engines 16 are driven. The engines 16 can be piston engines with Diesel oil, liquid gas or petrol can be operated. Turbines that run on the same fuels can also be used. In all of these cases the motors work so that a large part of the energy content of the fuel is usually wasted unused in the form of heat with the exhaust gases of the engine will. In the method illustrated in FIG. 4, a considerable part of this waste heat is used productively.

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At least some of the hot exhaust gases from the engines 16 can be directed onto the asphalt planter 17 located below the system in order to supplement the heating effect of the microwave energy. For this purpose, the hot exhaust gases can be directed at the plant gate in the same area in which the microwave orgy is acting. They can also be directed at the dissolved plaster constituents during the mixing process «,« «if? I <>. to haiton at the intended high temperature level. 1.1 quantities of the waste heat can also be used to keep the surfaces of the compacting devices at an elevated temperature and thus prevent paving materials from sticking to these surfaces during the compacting process. Dio Fig. 4 shows that the hot exhaust gases can be used either alone for one of the purposes mentioned or for a combination of these purposes. Since engines operated with fuel usually give up and waste 80% of the energy content of the fuel in the form of heat, considerable savings in fuel costs and thus also in the costs of paving renewal are possible by utilizing the waste heat from the engines.

In the particular Ansfühxnngsform of FIG, 4, the addition is followed by a first iäischungsvorgang of additional asphalt rn d ^ n paving components, followed by a second mixing operation follows. Where such additional paving components are present and used, a further portion of the hot exhaust gases from the ifotor or the engines can be used to keep this supply of asphalt or the like in a heated state.

The exhaust line of the engine 16 can be provided with a valve 19 for exhaust gas utilization. A series of events 21

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lies in connections of the exhaust pipe to selectively change the direction and to control the supply of the hot exhaust gases to any of the aforementioned consumer locations.

In many fillings and depending on the scope of the work Integrated systems will preferably be used. For smaller jobs or wherever such integrated facilities are not available, many of the advantages of the invention Method can also be implemented using known construction machinery for some of the work steps. That applies, for example, to mixing, smoothing and compacting. For heating and dissolving the old patch using microwave energy Simultaneous movement on the road is lacking for a long time, however a corresponding facility.

Using known construction machines at the same time, see Fig. 5, a microwave transmission device 22 slowly moves an asphalt road 23 to be renewed, either self-propelled or with the aid of a motor vehicle, e.g. a tractor 24. Structural details of the device 22 are explained below. The mixing process can then by means of an or a plurality of rotary rakes or rotary plows 26 are executed, which follow behind the microwave device 22. Certain others too Forms of plows or harrows and the like can be used for this Purpose to be used. A motor smoothing device 27, which follows the mixing device 26, is provided for smoothing. For compaction eventually becomes a roller 28 or other known compacting device used, which follows the smoothing device.

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The use of a number of self-propelled vehicles of known construction, see FIG. 5, is not necessarily the most effective method of practicing the invention, although there are significant advantages over conventional road renewal methods. Fig. 6 shows an embodiment in which a known self-propelled work tool is used to perform mixing, smoothing and compacting subsequent to microwave heating and dissolving. A vehicle 28 of this type carries the necessary equipment for mixing, laying, smoothing and compacting asphalt pavement. A known form of this large road construction 29 has blades 31 to _f which are arranged on an endless conveyor 32 at the front end of the vehicle and absorb the material and feed it into the paving machine. This lifting or dredging device 32 has hitherto been used to pick up fresh asphalt mix which had been dumped onto the road bed by transport vehicles. This device is now used to pick up the old plaster that has been dissolved according to the invention.

In the method according to FIG. 6, the microwave transmission vehicle 22 is continuously moved along a road 23 to be repaired in order to heat and dissolve the old pavement. The paving machine 2Q follows behind, the conveyor device 32 being used to pick up the hot, dissolved old pavement behind the microwave device, to mix it, to lay it down again, to smooth it and to compact it again «

In many cases, the invention is carried out most effectively by using new special facilities that an integrated system

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for the production of road surfaces by reconditioning the old Material to form. Examples are described below. However, regardless of whether with the use of known facilities or a new integrated system is being worked on, a facility is required that can adequately convert the microwave energy Dosage is directed into the plaster underneath, preferably while moving over this plaster: To do this, there are several difficult technical problems to be solved.

Previous microwave heating devices or microwave ovens are built in such a way that they heat substances that are introduced into an interior space which is either completely enclosed by electrically conductive material during operation or through which a conveyor device passes, which has a microwave shielding device at each end of the inner heating chamber happened. This ensures the effective use of microwave energy and prevents any noticeable amount of microwave energy from being emitted or scattered into the environment. Scattering microwave energy can pose a safety risk and also interfere with various types of remote electronic devices by generating interference. Effective transfer of energy from the microwave generator or source into the material to be heated is relatively easy to achieve with these conventional forms of microwave heating systems. Thus, in one form of the heating device, the substance to be heated is brought to the geometrically optimal point with respect to the microwave transmission device, so that a close coupling occurs in the electrical sense. In the case of household microwave ovens, for example , the substance to be heated is essentially enclosed

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of electrically conductive material, so that the micro-woolen orgio, which initially passes through the substance, without being converted into heat or being carried away by the substance, is repeatedly reflected back and forth by the conductive walls of the chamber will; it makes so many passes through the fabric until it is absorbed and converted into heat. The known Forms of microwave heating devices with separate inner heating chambers are unsuitable for the aptiom of an old asphalt surface Heat up the street bed. A special transmission device is required for this purpose be provided, which enables an effective coupling of microwave energy to the mass below, preferably during an overpass, with an Au. ·? loyal or scattering of any appreciable amount of microwave energy is prevented. FIGS. 7 and 8 show one provided for this purpose Microwave transmission device 33.

The transmission device 33 has a very stable frame 34 of steel beams or the like, which is supported on the old pavement 36 by means of road wheels at each corner. The road bikes 37 can be pivoted about vertical axes, the front road wheels by means of a conventional vehicle handlebar linkage 38 connected to a pivotable Sehleppkxipplungteile 39 are so that the device 33 can accurately follow the towing vehicle. If the vehicle 33 is self-propelled, appropriately driven, steerable road bikes are provided.

Microwave energy does not pass through an electrically conductive wall. With the exception of special circumstances, it does not occur

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through an opening in such a wall if the opening is noticeably smaller in all transverse dimensions than the wavelength of the microwave energy. Microwave energy can though pass through an opening in a conductive wall, if the opening has a maximum transverse dimension which approximates the wavelength of the microwave energy; the extent by serving occurs, but decreases as the length of the opening increases in the direction of microwave movement. There is a This type of opening forms what is known as a shut-off shaft guide and effectively blocks the leakage of microwave energy. In general, there must be a shut-off opening in the direction of the energy propagation be longer than the largest transverse dimension of the opening, which corresponds to the wavelength of the microwave energy.

Another means of blocking microwave energy propagation is to create a body of electrically non-conductive material and to place dampening material in the path of microwave energy. Such materials do not reflect the microwaves after Emission point back, like the enclosures made of electrical conductors, but absorb the microwave energy by converting it into heat. For this purpose, not all are non-conductive Materials suitable as microwave energy is very strongly absorbed by certain non-conductors and only very weakly by others will. Nonconductive materials that are effective microwave absorbers are generally those that have a relatively high level Have dielectric constant. Water is one such material. It is particularly interesting for the invention that asphalt pavement is a strong damping material, although pure asphalt, as mentioned, absorbs very poorly.

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The transmission device 33 according to FIGS. 7 and 8 and also the other embodiments described below are used of these different procedures to get in the transmission vehicle 33 to form a microwave shut-off area 41 which is nicli also extends several inches (one inch = 2.54 cm) down through the patch 36 below.

In order to block the upward movement of the microwave energy from the lloroich 41, a rectangular platform plate 42 is attached to the frame 34, at least on its underside. electrically conductive is formed in a material. A side plate 43, also at least partially made of electrically conductive material, extends along each side of the frame 34 and downwardly from the plate 42 to block the propagation of microwave energy from the tree 41 in the lateral direction. Since the worn, replaceable pavement 36 over which the vehicle travels may have an irregular surface, the side panels 43 usually cannot reach all the way down to the pavement 36 underneath. Instead, a small gap 44, sufficient to allow for these irregularities, remains between the side plates and the pavement. This gap is preferably as small as is possible with due regard for the drive of the vehicle over the pavement. It can typically be about 1/4 * <O »6 cm) because in making FSllen road surfaces even in damaged condition rather flat. If paving with greater roughness is to be worked on, the pivoting supports 40 of the road wheels 37 can be vertically adjustable so that the frame and the side panels of the vehicle can be raised or lowered as required.

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Even only a small gap 44 between the Seiton plates 43 and the ceiling 36, if further resources are lacking, would favor a scattering of microwave energy from the area 41 to the side » In the following, therefore, microwave shielding devices which block such energy scattering will be described.

A leakage of microwave energy from the space 41 with reference to FIG the direction of travel of the vehicle forwards and backwards becomes partial prevented by the U-beams 46 attached to the underside of the front and rear ends of the frame 34. These carriers are made of electrically conductive material. Underneath the cross members 46 are transversely extending electrically conductive separating housings 47, which are inverted U-shaped in cross-section and extend downwardly towards the road surface 36. The frame 34 forms therefore, together with the cross members 46 and the shielding housings 47, electrically conductive front and rear walls of the microwave chamber This is a scattering of microwave energy to the front and back with the exception of the narrow gap 44 between the lower The end of the housing 47 and the road surface 36 are cordoned off.

A flat, rectangular, open-centered floor panel 48 of electrically conductive material is attached to the underside of the vehicle; the outer rare edges of the base plate are attached to the lower edges of the side plates 43 and the front and rear edges of the plate 48 are attached to the lower side edge of the respective inner housing section 49 of the shielding housing 47. The right-angled central opening 51 of the base plate 48 forms a microwave transmission area for the plaster 36 located below; the one immediately below the bottom plate 48

809828/0701 - 29 -

The lying area, on the other hand, forms a shielding area for microwave energy .

In order to transmit the microwave energy into the road surface} 36, a plurality of waveguides 52, namely transparent waveguides, are arranged within the region 41. The waveguides 52 are oriented transversely with respect to ULe locomotion of the vehicle in this embodiment of the invention and lie parallel to one another so that a waveguide arrangement 53 is formed, the width and length of which is slightly smaller than the width and length of the opening 51 in the plate 48 . Din linden and sides of the waveguide arrangement 53 therefore form a rectangular gap in connection with the opening 51. In this case, the waveguides have a rectangular cross section. A microwave energy radiating slot 54 extends along the bottom of each waveguide and in the longitudinal direction thereof. The slots 54 have a progressively decreasing width from one end to the other. This makes the radiation of energy at successive sections of the waveguide uniform, taking into account that the energy is absorbed in one end of the waveguide. The slot 54 is narrowest at the end closest to the power source. However, other slot shapes are also possible which provide the same result for a transmissive waveguide.

Adjacent waveguides 52 of the group 53 are in each case reversed, so that the broad ends of the slots 54 of every second waveguide are adjacent to the one longitudinal side of the vehicle, while the corresponding ends of the waveguides in between are adjacent to

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- 3O -

other longitudinal side of the vehicle. Each waveguide 52 is fed through a magnetron tube 56 or equivalent source Microwave generation excited. The magnetron tube 56 of each waveguide overlies the narrow end of the waveguide slot 54. The magnetron tubes 56 therefore lie in two parallel rows along opposite sides of the waveguide array 53 extend. The magnetron tubes 56 can be attached directly to the ceiling surface of the associated waveguide 52; the waveguide arrangement 53 can be attached to supports 57 which extend in the direction of travel of the vehicle and the ends thereof are attached to cross members 58, which in turn are attached to the top of the base plate 48.

The support device for the waveguide arrangement 53 is preferably dimensioned so that the undersides of the waveguides as close as practically possible over the pavement 36, taking into account the occurrence of small irregularities in the pavement. The lower surfaces of the waveguide can therefore have a distance from the top of the road, the size of which corresponds to the gap 44. The closely spaced arrangement of the waveguides 52 opposite the plaster 36 ensures that the waveguides largely act as energy couplers and not as energy emitters Underlay-forming, strongly damping plasters 36 as a dummy load for the magnetron tubes 56. This is a microwave heating system in which the dummy load, with which the microwave source is closely coupled for impedance matching, is itself forms the substance to be heated.

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The electrical current required to operate the magnetron tubes 56 is required, the transmission device 33 can be fed via a cable that is connected to the device 33 dragging Vehicle connects. In the embodiment of FIG. 7 and 8, the transmission device 33 is equipped with its own power source. A motor 59 drives an electric one Generator 61, together with which is arranged on the upper side of the frame 34 or the plate 42. A power supply part 62 of known design is also arranged on the platform 42 and electrically via a cable 63 to the generator 61 connected and further connected to each magnetron tube 56 by means of conductors 64, which the operating voltage to the Magnetron tubes 56 transferred.

The engine 59 can be any reciprocating engine or turbine that runs on a fuel such as diesel oil, gasoline, or liquefied petroleum gas is operated * Engines of this type usually waste a large part of the energy content of the fuel, because they are noticeable The heat to the environment is mainly due to the hot exhaust gases be delivered. Considerable savings in fuel and operating costs are possible by using this thermal energy here is used productively. In the broadcast vehicle 33 is a line 66 is provided which carries the hot exhaust gases from the engine 59 through a series of small openings 67 in the top plate 42 and into the microwave region 41. To a To prevent scattering of microwave energy, each opening 67 has dimensions which are considerably smaller than the microwave length is, The line 66 can also be used as an electrical conductor be formed and have a cross section that is below the

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Shut-off dimensions is * The exhaust gases close in area 41 then down through the opening 51 between the edges of the Wave guide assembly 53 and the base plate 48 and then into the gap 44 immediately above the road surface 36, wherein a large part of the heat content of the exhaust gases in the road surface and the microwave heating is added. An even more extensive utilization of the heat generated by the engine 59 is made possible when the engine is enclosed in a gas-tight housing 68 with the exception of the radiator 69, through the cooling air is sucked in by the fan of the engine, as well as with the further inclusion of the air inlet 71 of the engine. This will make the in the housing 68 sucked in by the cooler 69, which has warmed up when the cooler cooled, mixed with the hot exhaust gases and released to the surface of the plaster 36. the Waste heat from the engine can also be used for other purposes, see below.

In order to prevent the escape of microwave energy at the gap 44 between the road surface 36 and the underside of the corresponding vehicle parts, shielding devices are used, of which two acting in combination are used for the example of FIGS. 7 and 8 *. A first such shielding device, referred to here as gap shield 72, is electrically conductive lower surface of the base plate 48 and the underlying portions of the road surface 36 are formed. Due to the aforementioned shape and arrangement of the plate 48 extends Gap shield 72 along both sides and over the front and rear ends of the area by removing the microwave energy is transferred to the road surface.

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The gap shield 72 causes the horizontal propagation of the microwave energy in the gap 44 to the outside due to the fact that the electrically conductive material 48, which forms the upper limit of the gap 44 in the capture area, acts as a reflector of the microwave energy Bodon area of the gap 44 forms in the capture area, however, acts as an absorber for microwave energy. The one passing energy from the region 41 into the gap shield 72 does not spread if "Rnxim by simply coherent flow out. Rather, such energy seeks to disperse continuously in all directions at right angles to the assumed ^R e <J of the energy flow. The noticeable amount of energy that is directed downwards due to this effect when passing through the catching device 72 enters the cushioning plaster 36 and is absorbed and converted into heat * The part of the microwave energy that tries to move upwards is through the conductive underside of the plate 48 jiacfa reflects below and consequently also occurs in ύηη plaster and is absorbed there. The microwave field strength decreases sharply within the gap cut-off 72 in the outward direction. "The extent" to which the microwave energy at? Passage through the gap shield 72 is attenuated is in part a function of the length of this catching or shielding device in the direction of the microwave conditioning.

"In theory, the shield 72 should be long enough to attenuate the microwave field too much that, if microwave energy does leak out at the outer edge of the shield area, it will be within acceptable limits. In practice, at least in some cases, this would be a transmission vehicle

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- YES -

condition, the length and width of which is undesirably large. Therefore If the gap shield 72 is supplemented by another form of microwave barrier / which can be referred to as chain shield 73. The use of two different types of shielding is advantageous even when shielding theoretically would be sufficient. Thus, exceptional conditions can temporarily reduce the effectiveness of some form of shielding but need not necessarily affect the other mode as well. If, for example, a piece of conductive metal foil of appreciable size, e.g. pass through the gap shield 72 in the immediate vicinity of the film. However, the shielding effect of the chain shield 73 would be favored by these circumstances.

The chain shield 73 consists of a number of short chain sections 74, the links of which are made of electrically conductive metal, such as Steel. The chain sections are at their upper ends on the upper inner surface of the housing 47 by means of a Hanger 76 attached. The chains 74 extend downwardly within the housing 47 and are sized so that drag their lower ends along the top of the patch 36, i.e. the chains are preferably slightly longer than the distance between suspension 76 and the pavement. The chains can therefore be in any crevices, hollows and others Surface irregularities that may be present on the pavement fall into and close them off. The chains 74 are tightly packed and form a dense mass of conductive

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Metal that is pliable enough to withstand changes in the To include gap 44. The passages or gaps that exist are, however, so tortuous and have (nominal dimensions, that they are below the shielding dimensions for the microwave frequency used lie. The chain shield 73 extends along the two sides and across the front and rear End of gap shield 72.

In some cases, the effective width of the microwave transmission vehicle 33 may not completely cover the width of the road to be worked. Under these circumstances, the renovation work is carried out so that the vehicle runs successively over parallel strip portions of the road. If, on the other hand, the width of the vehicle is sufficient to completely cover the road or a lane, the renewal can be carried out in one operation. Under both conditions, at least during part of the processing time, the vehicle with one or both sides over a Seitenetreifen or an adjoining "^ ngepflästerten margins * Such edge strips or Dankette can under some circumstances be different in your level of the road surface when, for example, slightly lower than the adjacent Pavement. The Kottenshinaung 73 can to a certain extent compensate for deviations in the distance between the floor surface and the underside of the vehicle in order to better spot noticeable differences in height between plasters

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and adjacent unpaved areas set too will.

For this purpose, the Kettenabschlrmungsgehüuse 47 ″, the lie on the sides of the vehicle 33, executed with fitted upper sections 77 which are connected by hinges 78 to the floor panels 43 and extend outward from there and extend below. Support wheels 79 are arranged on the side housings 47 ″ in order to roll along on the driving surface, so that the housings 47 "pivot either outward and upward or inward and downward, creating differences in the height of the Compensate for the edge strips opposite the road surface 36. The hinges 78 are preferably designed to be dismantled, so that the housing 47 ″ of the side shield and the associated parts of the chain shield 73 are removed from the vehicle to facilitate the relocation of the vehicle from one place of use to another.

During operation, the transmission vehicle 33 becomes slow pulled over the road surface 36 to be processed. The microwave energy generated by the magnetron tubes 56 is through the Waveguide 52 coupled to the material of the underlying road surface 36 and thereby causes heating and subsequent softening of the asphalt with a dissolution of the Plaster components, which can then be mixed again, smoothed again and compacted while they are being protected in the expanded Condition are. The heating effect of the microwave energy is supplemented in this case by heat transfer from the hot exhaust gases of the engine 59.

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The amount of heating of the patch 36 is a function of several more variable, including the total microwave output of the magnetron tubes 56, the composition and initial temperature of the patch 36, which are applied to the patch from the motor and The amount of heat transferred to the exhaust gases belongs to the driving speed of the vehicle. In most cases, this leads to warming of the patch 36 to temperatures in the range of about 77 to 121 C to the desired dissolution and enables the subsequent Ourchmiscivung, smoothing and compression. The extent the heating of the pavement can be controlled by the fact that the The power output of the magnetron tubes 56 and, to a certain extent, the portion of the engine exhaust gas that affects the Pavement surface is straightened. In most cases, it is desirable to use these two components at the highest level work and the temperature to which the plaster 36 is to be heated to control that the driving speed of the Vehicle is regulated accordingly on the road to be processed. A temperature sensor 80 is provided for this, z.H. may be an infrared radiation detector and ara rear end of the vehicle is located slightly above the pavement 36. The vehicle can be accelerated if the temperature sensor indicates that the plaster is heating up more than intended will. On the other hand, the vehicle can be decelerated »

For most cases, it is recommended to use microwave energy detectors 81 open in several places around the vehicle, to indicate microwave leakage. These detectors can also be connected to the power supply 62 so that that the magnetron tubes 56 are switched off if a scattering

level determined above a specified tolerance threshold will. For example, see Figures 7 and 8, four microwave detectors 81 are arranged on arms 82 which project obliquely outwardly from the four corners of the vehicle so that each detector can detect possible leakage on two sides of the vehicle.

In a modification of this embodiment, for example, the micro-wool ladder can be oriented to the direction of travel and not transversely to it and further arranged to act essentially as radiators rather than coupling devices. You can also use the Suppression of microwave scattering other shielding devices to be used. FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 show a transmission vehicle 83 modified in this regard.

The device 83 has a horizontal rectangular frame 84 made of sturdy components, which is held above the pavement 86 by road wheels 87 and with a tractor steering 88 is provided. The frame 84 carries a horizontal rectangular plate 98 on which a housing 91 for the microwave energy supply and control is arranged. If the vehicle 83 carries its own generator system, a motor 92 and an electric generator 93 driven by this are provided, which are arranged on the plate 89. A vent 94 is used to divert the hot exhaust gases from the engine 92 into the area under the plate 89 feed, so that the heating effect of the microwave energy on the plaster 86 underneath is supplemented.

A plurality of magnetron tubes 96 or the like generate microwave energy. Each tube has one end of a wave

809828/0701

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Head 97 connected, which together form a group. The waveguide 97 are designed differently from the first example. They are at a higher level above patch 86 and act by transmitting microwave energy to the patch hence more than radiators or antennas, as opposed to the tightly coupled conductors of the first example. The waveguide 97 lie parallel, but at a distance from each other * and are aaf aligned with the direction of travel of the vehicle, in contrast to the bank angle in the first example.

Various types of slot shapes can be used in order to allow microwave energy to be radiated into the following sections of a surface extending along a waveguide. In this case, the underside of each waveguide 97 is provided with a series of parallel, short, non-resonant slits 9 8 lying at regular intervals. The waveguides 97 are thus slotted, permeable waveguides, for example in accordance with the US- ^ S 3.263.O52, energy-radiating waveguides with resonant seated shapes can also be used.

Panels 99 extend downward from frame 84 on either side of the vehicle with their lower ends so spaced lie over the pavement 86, that a narrow gap lol sheet, which preferably just "." "overcomes the irregularities of the road surface that the vehicle has to drive. One horizontal, rectangular lower platform Io2 extends between the side plates 99 at an intermediate level between the plate 89 and the plaster 86. The lower part of each Waveguide 97 fits into one of the rectangular cutouts Io3 in the lower platform Io2 so that the lower sections of the Waveguides represent a continuation of the electrically conductive surface that is formed by the platform Io2. Because of In this arrangement, the upper limit of the free area Io4 of the microwave energy is not the plate 89, as in the 1st example, but the lower plate Io2 and the adjoining lower surfaces of the waveguides 97. The lower plate Io2 is provided with a large number of openings Io6 opening into parallel rows on either side of each waveguide 97 and their diameter is noticeably smaller than the wavelength of the Is microwave energy that the magnetron tubes 96 generate. This allows hot exhaust gases from the engine 92 down to the Patch 86 flow while the microwave energy remains confined to the area under the plate Io2.

Electrically conductive partition walls Io7 extend between adjacent waveguides 97 from plate Io2 to Gap down lol. The partition walls are arranged in parallel with the waveguides. The same partition wall Io7 * extends from the plate Io2 between each side plate and the

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adjacent waveguide 97 down. This prevents the microwave energy emitted from the waveguides 97 from spreads sideways. In addition, an individualized control of the microwave field strength in the plaster area is under any waveguide if desired. The partition walls Io7 'are so far removed from the side plates that they are one Form trap cavity Io8, with the help of which the microwave scattering is suppressed *

In operation, the microwave energy generated by the magnetron tubes 96 is emitted through the slots 98 of the waveguides 97 and down through the partitions Io7 onto the plaster 86 guided »The microwave energy is then absorbed by the patch 86, converting the energy into heat. at the movement of the vehicle 83 along a roadway 86 is therefore in successive subregions of the road surface the asphalt thaws «Then the components can can easily be re-mixed, smoothed and compacted again.

The alignment of the waveguides 97 in the direction of travel of the vehicle has the advantage of being optimal, non-uniform Transmission of the microwave energy to the plaster 86 from the front to allow backwards, as is known per se, can be a Change that of successive sections of each waveguide 97 emitted microwave energy can be achieved in the slots 96 on successive parts of the waveguide in their form \ md arrangement designed for this purpose will. For example, the slots 98 on the waveguides

803828/0701

97 progressively shorter from front to back. This takes that of successive sections of the Waveguide emitted energy from front to back. The possibility of generating a stronger microwave field from the front part of the vehicle compared to the rear end can be Accelerate dissolution of the patch so that the vehicle can also drive faster. The coupling effect of the microwave energy increases in most asphalt pavements as a function of the temperature of the pavement. Therefore, it can often be advantageous to dimension and distribute the waveguide slots 98 so that the Energy output decreases from front to back on the waveguides and is relatively high on the front part. A relatively large part of the microwave energy generated is thereby applied to the colder areas of the patch that require a large amount of energy to be heated to a predetermined extent.

However, the longitudinal arrangement of the waveguides 97 has the disadvantage that it is more difficult to maintain uniform heating in the transverse direction of the roadway. If a single magnetron 96 works incorrectly, this can lead to a largely unheated narrow strip in the pavement. In the case of a transverse arrangement, as in the 1st example, however, the failure of one transverse waveguide, or its diminished function, only results in a relatively small reduction in the heating of the entire strip of plaster, with the failure quickly can be found based on the temperature monitoring. Compensation is possible directly in that the speed of movement of the vehicle is slowed down. The question of Orientation of the waveguides either across or along the

809828/0701 -

Vehicle depends on the importance attached to the associated effects.

The transmission vehicle 83 according to FIGS. 9-11 also deviates in this respect from the 1st example onwards that the waveguides 97 are at a greater distance above the plaster 86 and therefore in the electrical Sense are not so closely linked to the patch. In the close coupling of the 1st example, the plaster has the function of a Apparent load or a tail for the waveguide. This effect is not all in one in the example according to FIGS. 9-11 very noticeable as the waveguide is essentially work as radiators or antennas. The radiator arrangement is somewhat less effective than energy transfer means in the Compared to the closely coupled arrangement, however, has the advantage of a more even heating of the plaster and a deeper one Penetration.

In order to suppress the scattering of microwave energy over the gap lol, two forms of shielding means are provided on the vehicle 86, which differ somewhat in their design and mode of operation from the corresponding means in the 1st example. The first catching or shielding device is the catching space Io8 _# which is delimited by the outer partition walls Io7 *, the lower sections of the adjacent side panels 99 and the sections of the lower panel Io2 in between. The shielding space Io8 extends along both sides of the vehicle and transversely at the front and rear ends in front of and behind the waveguide group 97.

809828/0701 " ⁴⁴ "

tend transverse plates Io9 are provided, which extend over the ends of the
Partial walls Io7 and Io7 * extend at the front and rear ends of the waveguides.

The cavity shielding I08 is accordingly a box-shaped structure made of electrically conductive material, which is open at the bottom and the lower edges of which are close to the plaster 86 below. A shielding effect is insofar
reached as the energy that is located under the lower edge of the
inner boundary of the shield, namely the plates Io7 * and Io9, spreads out through it, not simply linearly either
below the corresponding outer boundary of the shield, such as the side plate 99, flows therethrough. Instead, the energy spreads outward in all directions. That part
the energy that propagates under, for example, the plate Io7 * down into the plaster 86, is immediately absorbed and converted into heat. The outward and upward part of the energy is carried by the conductive walls of the
Reflecting cavity shield. After one or more reflections, a large part of this energy also goes into
the plaster 86 and is absorbed there «That part of the
Energy that ultimately also emerges to the outside through under the side plate 99 is therefore very small.

To further suppress scattering of the microwave cavity additional screenings may be provided IO8. In many
In some cases, it is desirable to supplement the cavity shielding with another type of shielding or safety device in order to be protected against special cases in which a special

809828/0701 " ⁴⁵ "

specific type of shielding is weakened or ineffective. In the case of the transmission device 83, there is therefore an additional Brush shield 111 is provided. A first brush trap 111 is on the outside of each side panel 99 and also across the front and rear ends of the microwave range are arranged along the outside of the transverse plates Ho, which are between the front and rear ends of the panels 99 extend. The brush shield 111 may include angle irons 112 shown in FIG Connection to the lower portion of the side panels 99 and the lower portions of the front and rear transverse panels form an electrically conductive housing that is reversed in cross section Is U-shaped. Within the housing formed by such parts are resiliently flexible and electrically conductive thin wires 113 arranged so that their upper ends are attached to the angle rails 112. The individual wires that are arranged fairly closely, for example, are made of elastic steel and have a length that is slightly greater than required is to be on the pavement surface 86 or the adjacent earth surface to reach, see also Figure 11. The lower ends of the wires are in contact with the plaster or other Floor surface sections bent and slide when moving of the vehicle across these areas. Because the spaces between the individual wires in the bulk of such Wire arrangement in its dimensions far below the limit dimension for the microwave frequency used in the device the volume occupied by the wires forms a microwave barrier that can expand or contract, to compensate for small surface irregularities in the plaster.

809828/0701

The shielding devices described above for device 83 are effective in all ordinary circumstances to prevent the leakage of any appreciable amount of microwave energy. In order to ensure this result with even greater security, however, it may be desirable in many cases to provide an additional shielding arrangement that initially appears to be superfluous The device 83 therefore has a further thirst trap 111 *, which is located along both sides of the vehicle laterally outside the first brush trap 111 extends and also extends across the front and rear of the vehicle. The basic design of the thirst trap 111 'can be similar to that of the shield 111, except that the parts extending along the sides of the vehicle are attached to the lower edges of electrically conductive, additional side panels 116. The additional side panels 116 are each attached at a distance outward from the corresponding panel 99. The upper portion of each side plate 116 is bent at an angle to the corresponding side plate 99 and attached to it by hinges 117. The brush trap 111 * can therefore pivot upwards and outwards or downwards and inwards with respect to the actual vehicle, depending on what requires the adaptation to local level fluctuations in the road surface. Such fluctuations are particularly to be expected along the edges of the pavement 86 on which the vehicle 83 must temporarily travel. The dashed line 118 in FIG. 9 indicates that the edge strips of the streets often differ in their height from the adjacent paved surface 86. In order to have the brush traps 111 ¹ at the correct height in relation to the roadsides 118 or the like, the additional side

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2758001

ten plates 116 support wheels 119 be stored, which roll along on this edge strip.

The ends 121 of the brush trap 111 'including the ends 122 of the hinged additional side panels 116 are angled so that they extend into the space between the fixed portions of the brush shields 111 and 111' which extend across the front and back of the Vehicle. This enables effective microwave shielding at the corners of the vehicle even when the outer brush trap 111 ¹ pivots outward or inward on its hinges to accommodate changes in the level of the surface below.

The hinged additional side panels 116 also act in conjunction with the fixed side panels 99 and in addition to its function as a holder for the outer brush trap 111 'as a further cavity trap.

Other combinations can also be put together from the shielding devices of Examples 1 and 2 described here. Furthermore, additional shields can be provided for the processing of particularly rough pavement. the Figures 12, 13 and 14 show further embodiments for Abschirsvorr I performed

Apart from the shielding device, the microwave transmission vehicle 123 of FIGS. 12-14 essentially have the same design as in the previous examples.

S09828 / 0701 - 48 -

sen, namely a rectangular plate 124, side plates 126, and front and rear transverse plates 127 extending from the edges the platform 124 extend down onto the pavement 127 below. These parts together reproduce one Cuboid box, open at the bottom, made of electrically conductive material. The box shape can be placed on road wheels 128 with which the device can be driven along the pavement 127. An inner, electrically conductive and inverted box-shaped enclosure 129 of shorter length and Width than the platform 124 contains devices for microwave generation and delivery, such as those already described Embodiments. The side panels 126 and transverse panels 127 do not fully reach the pavement 127 so that the vehicle can drive over irregularities in the pavement. There is therefore a narrow gap 131 between these parts and the plaster, and it must be prevented that noticeable Scatter amounts of microwave energy through this gap.

For this purpose, a flat, rectangular plate 132 is provided, which is made of electrically conductive material, for example with Corrugations or depressions are made of sheet steel and is designed as an open frame. The plate 132 is in the space between the enclosure 129 and the side panels or the transverse panels 127 at the front and rear of the vehicle and is dimensioned to accommodate this Closes the space at the bottom. The shield plate 132 has upturned inner edge portions 133 which against the side surfaces and front and rear surfaces of the enclosure 129 abut, respectively. Up

809828/0701 _

curved sweeter side edge portions 134 abut the inner surface the side panels 126 and the front and rear panels 127. The shielding plate 132 forms an electrically conductive one Area which closes off and delimits the space between the inner enclosure and the panels 126 and 27 of the vehicle can perform vertical movements with respect to these components. To limit these movements is a number of spaced, vertically aligned slots 136 along the lower portions of side panels 126 and of the transverse plates 127 are provided. Bolts 137 extend respectively from an upturned edge portion 134 of plate 132 through an associated slot 136 »Similar is a series of spaced vertical slots 138 along the inner upturned edge 133 of the shield plate 132 is provided, with bolts 139 extending outwardly from enclosure 129 through these slots,

Without any additional means, the shielding plate 132 fall down onto the pavement 127 and onto the pavement surface slide along; the plate would wear out very quickly. Here it is provided that the plate 132 in a small Distance above the pavement is maintained by a series of wheels 141 placed along the side sections of the slab are, and further by a series of roles 142 "die lie along the front and rear portions of the plate. In in this case, two longitudinal rows of wheels 141 are provided along each side portion of the plate 132. The individual wheels 141 of the two rows have parallel, but spaced axes so that, from the side of the vehicle,

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see that the wheels of one row are in front of the spaces between adjacent wheels of the other row.

The rollers 142 are also staggered in two rows at the front and rear of the shield plate 132 so that when viewed from the front or rear of the vehicle the rollers in one row the two adjacent rollers in the other row overlap. The wheels 141 and rollers 142 on the one hand have an electrical effect, since they emit microwave energy suppress, on the other hand they serve to carry the plate 132 "

Figures 13 and 14 show in detail the arrangement of the wheels 141 and the rollers 142. The lower portion of each wheel 141 extends through a corresponding slot 143 in the plate 132 downwards. On both sides of each wheel, a bracket 144 is attached to the plate 132, which is provided with a vertical slot 146 into which the short axis 147 protruding on both sides of the wheel 141 engages. Each bracket 144 is provided with a vertical bore 148 extending from the upper end of the slot 146 through which a rod 149 extends which abuts against the wheel axle 147 in the slot. A pair of tension springs 151 are attached between the base of each bracket 144 and a crosspiece 152 at the top of the rod 149 so that this arrangement biases the rod in a downward direction.

The rollers 142 at the front and rear ends of the shielding plate 132 extend with their respective lower sections through corresponding

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corresponding openings 153 in the plate 132 so that they are in contact with the plaster 127 and are secured by means of brackets 154, similar to brackets 144 for the wheels 141, supported and biased in the downward direction.

The Äbschirsaplatte 132 is accordingly on the wheels 141 and the Rollers 142 are supported and roll on these elements over the pavement when they move on with the transmission device is »Since the plate 132 is vertically movable to a limited extent due to the arrangement with the aid of the slots 137, it can move adjust automatically as required to a predetermined keep a small vertical distance from the pavement, even when the other parts of the transmission vehicle 123 rise slightly because a road bike travels over an elevated portion of the floor area.

The shielding plate 132 forms with the underlying electrical shock absorber Plaster 127 a gap shielding the already It is particularly effective for this purpose because the underside of the plate 132 is very closely spaced at the front Plaster 127 are thereby produced and maintained may have the plate ride on its own wheels 141 and rollers and not be supported by the main road wheels of the vehicle will. The plate can therefore perform limited independent vertical movements with respect to the rest of the vehicle.

In addition to the gap shielding effect, there is another one Shielding effect due to the fact that the wheels 141 and the rollers 142 at least partially made of electrically conductive material

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and are arranged at such intervals that are less than the limit dimensions for the respective microwave frequency used in the transmission vehicle. The respective lower portions of the wheels 141 and rollers 142, which reach under the shielding plate 132, are then spaced apart conductive elements which subdivide the gap 131 between the plate and the pavement 127 into a network of intersecting channels, none of which are has a horizontal or vertical dimension sufficiently large to allow a significant amount of microwave energy to migrate. This state is also maintained when a single wheel 141 or roller 142 runs over an isolated crevice, indentation or other unevenness in the pavement. The force of gravity, reinforced by springs 151 in this case, causes the wheel or roller to move downwardly into the gaps or the like so that any opening through the shield which is larger than the limit dimensions is avoided. The same applies if a wheel 141 or a roller 142 runs over a local elevation, for example a small stone lying on the pavement. During this process, the entire plate 132 is not lifted, but only the wheel 141 or the corresponding roller 142 passing through this point.

In Figure 15, the left rear corner of a microwave transmission vehicle 156 is shown in which a further form of shielding device is implemented, the scattering of microwave energy at the gap 157 between the underside of the vehicle and the paving 158 underneath it or the floor underneath in such cases where the page

809828/0701 _ ₅₄ .

of the vehicle drives over the edge of the road.

The transmission vehicle 156 has a cuboid body 159 on the arrangement for generating microwaves and their transmission, similar to the previous examples, contains. The shielding device, however, is modified so that due to a modified arrangement of the road wheels on the Vehicle these, if desired, as part of the shielding device can be used, which also allows a smaller transverse dimension for the vehicle.

The transmission vehicle 156 carries shielding devices on the front and underside, which can be referred to as apron traps 161. The rear skirt case shown in Figiar 15 and has a cross piece 162 aas electrically conduct your material aut, which extends along the rear surface 163 of the body 159 in a level that is a small distance above the gap 157th The cross piece 162 is provided with a flat shoulder 164 which protrudes outwardly from the rear surface 163 of the vehicle and which is spaced apart parallel apron support elements 166 and 16? which extend from the underside of the shoulder 164 down into the gap 158. The crosspiece 162, the shoulder 164 and the apron supports 166 and 167 are made of steel or some other electrically conductive material and can, if desired, be made in one piece.

The propagation of the microwave energy in the rearward direction of the vehicle through the gap 157 is facilitated by pliable aprons ISS \ change 169 blocked, those from carriers 167 and 166 respectively

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Reach down and stand in contact with the plaster 158. The aprons are preferably so long that their lower Sections are bent over and dragged along the pavement when the vehicle travels forward in the direction indicated by arrow 171. The rearmost apron 168 can longer than the apron 169 in front of it, if desired. The aprons 168 and 169 are not only pliable, but at least partly made of a material that is electrically conductive, so that microwave energy is not transmitted through the aprons but is instead reflected. The aprons 168 and 169 can simply be made from a pliable elastic sheet of metal; instead, wire meshes and Rubber laminated members or the like can be used. As the rear apron trap 161 walk over the heated pavement heat-resistant material should preferably be used for the aprons.

Since the aprons 168 and 169 reflect microwave energy, such energy that tries to propagate backwards is directed through the shield 161 back to the body 159 of the vehicle or down into the strongly cushioning plaster 158, in which it is absorbed.

A substantially similar apron trap can also be placed at the front of the vehicle 156, although in this case the lower portions of the Skirts are bent back or inward and not away from the vehicle, as in the case of the rear shield 161.

809828/0701 " ⁵⁶ "

A shield 172 is disposed on the sides of the vehicle 156. To this end, an electrically conductive shoulder 173 extends outwardly from the side panel 174 of the vehicle in a Elevation that, in this example, is above road wheels 176 on which the vehicle is traveling and that on vehicle body 159 are mounted on corresponding axles 177. An electrically conductive adjustable plate 178 extends from the outer edge of the shoulder 173 outwards and downwards, these two parts being connected by hinges 179 so that the plate 178 opposite the paragraph can pivot up and down. Along the bottom edge of the side plate 178 is an electrically conductive one Profile piece 181 is arranged, which is formed with spaced apart parallel strut carriers 182 and 183, which extend down to gap 157. The top inner edge of a first side skirt 184 is on the outer support 183 while the lower portion of the skirt 184 is bent outwardly from the vehicle and some distance extends outwards so that the apron over the underneath Dragging pavement 158 or on the side of the road over the ground or gravel strip. The apron 184 is pliable and at least partially made of electrically conductive material, similar to the rear shield 161 described above, and suppressed hence a scattering of microwave energy from the vehicle to the side.

The inner skirt 186 of the side shield 172 is a rigid metal strip that extends perpendicularly downward from the carrier 182 to the pavement or soil underneath. The inner skirt 186 can be replaced after its lower edge has been worn down.

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bar and is particularly useful for those uses in which the side shield must drive over relatively unconsolidated soil or gravel of a verge. In such In cases, the outer apron can also be designed in this way, the lower part of the apron 186 being slightly small Can cut into the unconsolidated soil material. This creates extremely effective microwave shielding. For further improvement and to adapt to differences in height between the pavement and the shoulder of the road, the Side shield 172 in communication with a device 187 which determines the level of the side skirt shield 172 with respect to FIG controls the ground or road surface underneath. The device 187 has an arm 188 that extends from the outside the hinge-hanging plate 178 extends upward. The upper end of the arm 188 is connected to the piston rod 191 of a hydraulic adjusting device 189 via a joint 192, the other end of which is held in a holder on the body 159 with a pivot connection 193. By pressing the Adjusting device 189 is, depending on the inward or outward movement of the piston rod 191, the hinged plate 178 outward and swiveled up or down, with corresponding movement of the actual shield.

The electrically conductive parts, such as parts 173, 178 and 182, which carry the outer shielding device 172, constitute themselves also a cavity shield as described in the previous examples. The microwave shielding effect the side shield 172, Figure 15, is therefore not on the Schürsen 184 and 186 limited, but is supplemented by the

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The fact that parts 173, 178 and 182 have a cavity shield form. The ability of a cavity shield to suppress the leakage of microwave energy can still do so be promoted that at least parts of the inner surface of the cavity are covered with a layer consisting of a attenuating or microwave absorbing material, in this case an iron oxide plate 194, which is attached to the inner surface of the hinged plate 178 seated. Other known electrically damping materials such as rubber, various types of ceramics or water tanks made of a non-conductive material can also be in a cavity shield be accommodated as a microwave absorber. Further, the arrangement of the road wheels 176 can also be used within the vehicle the cavity shield which forms parts 173, 178 and 182 help reduce the scattering of microwave energy is suppressed if parts of the wheels themselves are made of electrically damping material, as is often the case Case is. For example, rubber is such a substance *

In many cases it should be particularly useful instead of individual vehicles working in a processing column use integrated systems in which the devices and components for performing microwave heating, which are partially or completely combined in a special mobile system through mixing, smoothing and compaction. Figures 16 and 17 together show an example of a type of soil milling and compacting vehicle 196, which is a microwave transmission vehicle follows to the mixing, smoothing and little-

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at least partially carry out the compaction.

The milling / compacting vehicle 196 has front and rear Frame members 197 and 198, side frame members 199 and a rectangular platform 2ol arranged over the frame members is and together with these forms an inverted box-like, cuboid vehicle body 2o2, which can drive along the roadway 2o3 to be renewed. To do this, the vehicle body is on a pair of rear road wheels 2o4 and a pair supported front road wheels 2o6, of which the latter are preferably steerable. A conventional chariot rack 2o7, which is equipped with a swiveling tow bar 2o8 is coupled, which is located in the center of the front of the vehicle. If the vehicle is not to be towed, it can be equipped with a motor, a drive system and control and steering devices of a known type.

The vehicle 196 follows the microwave transmission vehicle that has heated the patch 2o3 to a temperature at which it disintegrates easily and can be easily mixed again, and by stirring, raking, milling, plowing or similar processes. This mixing is brought about here, for example, by three rotary milling machines 2o9A, 2o9B and 2o9C, those in the vehicle body 2o2 like this are arranged that the milling cutter 2o9A is the front of the vehicle first; Milling 2o9D then follows with gaps and 2o9C. Each rotary milling machine 2o9 is supported by a pair of pivot arms which are arranged on either side of the vehicle. Every Auger has radially extending blades or blades 212 carrying heads 213 which cut through the pavement,

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mix and stir. The mills threaten each other preferably counter-clockwise, with reference to FIG. 17, and the heads 213 are provided with a sharp front or cutting edge to which a rounded back part 216 «uisclilie & t * Due to this construction, successive sections of the heated plaster are scratched by the mills , remaining lumps are crushed and the plaster components are generally stirred and mixed.

Each tiller 2o9 can choose its height above the pavement 2o3 can be adjusted so that the depth of cutting and the mixing can be chosen * These are the above Ends of the arms 211 holding the milling cutters connected to axles 217 which extend through the side frame members 199, See Figure 16. On a crank arm 218, the radial from each axis 217 goes outside the frame, a hydraulic adjusting device 219 engages, the other end of which is on the side frame is hinged. This means that every milling machine can, depending on the piston position the adjusting device 219, raised or lowered. Instead of the hydraulic adjusting devices 219, mechanical or electrically driven adjusting devices are used «

Each milling machine 2o9A, 2o9B and 2o9C is connected to an electric motor 221Λ or 221B or 221C connected via a corresponding reduction gear 222Λ, 222B and 222C. The drive can, see figure 18, on each milling machine, for example the front milling machine 2o9A, be transmitted via a transmission gear assembly 223. The gear part 222 has a large diameter gear 224 that

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extends with its upper part through an incision in the platform 2ol to mesh with the output gear 226 of the gear unit 222Λ. To support the gear part 223 the axle 217 extends inwardly into a bearing 227 which is fixed in the side wall 228 of a gas distributor. The side wall extends down from the underside of the platform 2ol. The transmission gear 223 rotates with respect to the carrier shaft 217 and is provided with a gear part 229 of smaller diameter, which is connected to a drive gear by means of a chain 231 is coupled, which sits on the end of the carrier * and drive shaft for the cutter blades. These facilities to drive and for vertical adjustment of the milling cutters, the plaster components that can be thrown up during processing and the hot gases that hit the Patches are passed during the remixing, protected by a plate 234, which is preferably made of heat-insulating Material is and from the side part 228 of the gas distributor between the chain 231 and the adjacent end of the milling cutters extends below.

The mixing process is promoted by three clearing boards or drag boards 236Λ, 236B and 236C, which are behind the milling cutters 2o9A, 2o9B and 2o9C are arranged. Each scraper blade can have a rectangular plane shape. Its upper end is connected to a pair of support arms 237 via swivel or articulated couplings 238. the Support arms 237 are disposed adjacent the inner surfaces of the side frame members 199 of the vehicle. In the plate 234 are Slots 239 are provided so that the swivel couplings 238 extend through this plate and thereby with the support arms

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are connected, with a pivoting of the support arms for the purpose of adjusting the working height of the lower edges of the blades becomes possible. The support arms 237 are in turn attached to axles 241, which are mounted in the side supports 199 and themselves to the outside of the vehicle hull where, see Figure 16, a crank arm 242 extends radially from each axis and is hinged to a hydraulic adjusting device 243, the other end of which is hinged to the side frame. So that the shovels can adjusted in their working height, i.e. raised or lowered.

The drag vanes 236 are dimensioned in the vertical direction so that that each dragline extends down and back into the loosened pavement in an inclined position seeks to take. The Schieppschaufein 236 catch the plaster components on, which are thrown back by the milling cutters 2o9, cause a crushing of lumps in the paving material can occur and a smoothing of the material following the mixing.

A final smoothing and compression of the mixed To carry out paving components, a leveling screed 244 runs over the lower behind the rear dragline shovel 236C the area of the vehicle. The leveling screed 244 can consist of a cross piece 246 with a flat underside its leading edge is arcuate in cross-section, so that the opposite running mixed plaster components are absorbed and compressed.

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This work is best done with the screed 246 held so that it is steered with respect to the The body of the vehicle is raised or lowered so that the downward pressure exerted by the screed on the mixed paving components can be adjusted. Often recommends that the underside of the screed 246 is inclined slightly, i.e. that the front section is slightly higher than the trailing edge. It is also advantageous if this angle of inclination or inclination can be adjusted. Therefor the screed 246 is arranged on brackets 247 which extend upwards from the top of the screed and are connected to a transverse support shaft 248, the ends of which pass through Pass slots 249 in the side panels of the vehicle body. The two ends 248 of the support shaft, see Figure 16, jump a short distance on each side of the vehicle body and stand up with the rear ends of tow arms 251 engaged on each side of the vehicle. The front ends of the tow arms 251 are over to the front of the vehicle Connected pivot pins 252, which sit on brackets 253 on the platform 2ol. For the controlled raising and lowering of the screed 244, a hydraulic cylinder 254 is provided which engages the swivel arm via a swivel connection 256 and is supported by a further, higher swivel connection 257 in a holder 258 seated on the platform 2ol. The angle of inclination or the angle of attack of the screed 244 is determined by means of a crank arm 259, extending from each end of the support 248 in radial direction extends and one on each side

* hydraulic servomotor 261 attacks, the other end by

is held by pivot connection 256.

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- ß ^r i -

FIGS. 17 and 18 together show devices with which hot gases can be directed onto the plastered stalls and parts of the device which come into contact with the hot, loosened plaster , which lies under the platform 2oi »The ceiling of the distribution kairaner 262 is formed by the underside of the platform 2ol, which is provided with a thermal insulation layer 263 for this purpose. The side sections of the distribution chambers 262 are formed by the already mentioned side plates 22B, which can also be provided with a layer 264 of a heat-insulating material on their inner surface * The front and rear frame members 197 and 198, which are provided with layers of heat-insulating material on their inner surface are _f form the front or rear closure of the chamber. A flat plate 267 is provided as the bottom surface of the distributing chamber 262 and lies at the appropriate distance above the milling cutters 209 and the drag vanes 236 so that they can be adjusted in height.

A series of transverse slots 268 in the plate 267 allow the hot exhaust gases down into the area of the milling cutter 2o9 and drag vanes 236 exit. A final slot 269 leads this gas into a linear nozzle 271 which has a flow of the hot gas on the top of the screed 246 «If the jackdaw 246 is kept at a high temperature in this way, the effect of the screed is improved, as the pavement components, including the asphalt, do not tend to adhere to a metal surface heated to a temperature where asphalt acts more or less like a lubricant «

3G9828 / 07Ö1 - 66 -

The generally observed tendency of asphalt mixtures, at certain Adhering or gluing surfaces is an effect that occurs at lower temperatures> where the asphalt solidifies.

In cases like this example where the milling and compacting equipment has no self-propulsion and is also not an integral part of a larger, further component for Embodiment of the invention containing vehicle, the hot exhaust gases come from another vehicle, which is the milling and Compressor device tows · For this purpose a gas inlet chamber 272 is provided on the front of the Fahr stuff 196 arranged and with the distribution chamber 262 by a Channel 273 is connected, which passes through the front frame member 197. The entry chamber 272 contains a valve device 274 to adjust the flow rate. A line 276, preferably made of heat insulating material, connects the entry camper 272 with the preceding source, from which the hot exhaust gases of the device 196 are fed. So that the device 196 in curves at an angle to the towing vehicle drive and to compensate for inclines when driving over roads with changing inclination, the line 276 is in the form of a Adaptable accordion or designed as a bellows, so that changes in length and bends are possible.

If another vehicle of the same or a different type is towed behind the milling and compressor vehicle, for example a roller compressor, the hot exhaust gases can be passed on by means of a connection 277, the

809820/0701 - «-

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placed at the rear of the vehicle and with the distributor 262 is in connection, but is usually closed by a lid.

On the platform 2ol a container 279 is arranged, which, with the exception of the bottom surface, a lining 281 made of heat-insulating Has material and is provided with a filler neck 282. Such a tank can be used to hold additional asphalt, Plaster oils or setting fluids are used to keep the dissolved Plaster components added before or during mixing will. A pump 283 is used to draw off the contents of the tank and to add the plaster components. The intake pipe The pump 283 extends into the lower region of the container 279. A discharge port of the pump 283 is provided with a flow distributor 284, which extends across the front part of the platform 2ol. A row of spray nozzles 286 extend downward from manifold 284 to apply hot asphalt or the like to the heated pavement prior to the first cutter 2o9A to apply. The additional asphalt or the like can, if necessary, also in front of another or in front of all other milling machines 2o9B and 2o9C are applied, for which the arrangement of the nozzles 286 modified accordingly or additional Nozzles are provided.

The asphalt pump 283 is powered by an electric motor 287 a transmission 288 is driven. The motor 287 can also drive a further pump 289, the hydraulic fluid from one Reservoir 291 is applied to actuate the various hydraulic actuating devices of the vehicle.

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The extra asphalt and also the rest of the fluids that are carried in the container 279, must mostly be kept in a heated state. The insulation layer 281 of the container 279 may in some cases be sufficient for this purpose, especially if there is no insulation at the bottom of the tank and also the insulation 263 under the platform 2ol in the area missing under the tank. Then heat is conducted through the platform 2ol in the area below the tank. As an additional Heat source can be a heat exchanger 292 arranged in the tank 279 and with its opposite ends to the exhaust manifold 262 must be connected. Since the exhaust gas within the heat exchanger 292 by conduction and dissipation to the contents of the Tanks 279 cools down, convection effects cause the relatively cooler gas to descend back into manifold 262, while hotter gas rises from the manifold. By attaching a valve 293, which is controlled by a handle 294 from the Outside of the tank can be actuated, at one or both ends of the heat exchanger, the extent of the convection exchange can be regulated and thus also the temperature within the Container 279 can be regulated. If this is not sufficient as a regulation, the valve 293 can also be powered by a Fan, which allows a precisely controllable flow of hot gas through the heat exchanger 292, can be replaced.

The electrical energy used to operate the various electrical Equipment of the vehicle 196 is transferred from the tow vehicle by a flexible cable 296 which terminates at a connector support foot 297 at the front end of the vehicle. A similar device 298 can be provided at the rear end of the vehicle.

809828/0701 - 69 -

to power a vehicle traveling behind vehicle 196.

FIG. 19 shows the summary of those previously described Facilities for a train traveling at low speed over a road in need of repair and thereby a Leaves the roadway with renewed pavement behind. This pavement renewal system 299 has a drive unit 3ol, which in this case is a low-loader truck 3o2. The truck 3o2 must be able to carry a considerable payload and is provided with at least two drive axles 3o3, so that it has a can pull the corresponding load. The truck is set up to travel at very low speeds, around 1 - 6 m per minute, e.g. to drive for a long time without interruption. For operating the microwave generator and other electrical equipment of system 299 are one or more rriotor-driven on truck 3o2 Generator systems 3o4 arranged. The hot exhaust gases from the drive motor (s) of the generator systems 3o4 are in a gas housing 3o6 collected at the rear of the vehicle is arranged. In a preferred embodiment, two generator groups 3o4 are provided, each with a diesel drive and set up to generate a 3-phase alternating current of 48o V. The exhaust gases that originate from the drive motor of the truck can also be collected in the gas housing 3o6.

The truck 3o2 operating as a tractor pulls at least one microwave transmission vehicle 3o7, which has the features explained above. At the system 299 is to the transmission vehicle 3o7 attached a vehicle 3o8, which according to the device 196 with means for working through and compacting the

809828/0701

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Pavement is provided. ''

A heat-insulated heating gas line 3o9 is on the vehicle 3o7 arranged. The front end of the gas line is connected to the gas housing 3o6 of the drive unit 3ol by a heat-insulated bellows line 311, which changes the angle of the orientation between the vehicles 3o7 and 3ol for driving around curves. A fan 312 can be between the housing 3o6 and the line 311 may be provided in order to promote the flow of the hot exhaust gases. Preferably, the fan enables a controlled dilution of the hot exhaust gases with air at outside temperature, so that the temperature of the gases in the areas for heating of the plaster's usable range of about 150 ° C. The gas supply line 313 of the transmission vehicle 3o7 is connected to the line 3o9, preferably via a valve 314, so that the proportion of hot exhaust gases that should flow into the transmission vehicle can be controlled "

The rear end of the line rod 3o9 is pliable with the gas receiving chamber 317 of the vehicle 3o8 by another Bellows hose 316 connected.

In a similar way, the electrical energy generated by the generators 3o4 is transferred from the drive unit 3ol to the Transmission vehicle 3o7 by means of a pliable electric Cable 318 transmitted, which is also used to transmit the energy continues on the vehicle 3o8.

809828/0701

In operation, the lane renewal system 299 drives along the road 319 to be repaired. For this purpose, a small, vertical guide stick 321 is arranged on a bracket 322 reaching forward from the truck , with which the driver follows a guide line attached to the road 319. While the system 299 drives along the street »the old asphalt pavement under the transmission vehicle 3o7 is quickly heated and decomposed by microwave energy extent of compaction that is achieved with the calibration and Bohle compressor 323, which is loaded with a metered portion of the weight of the vehicle 3o8 / _t sufficient to provide the desired quality of the updated road surface to achieve. If further compaction is required, the vehicle 3o8 can also be provided with a roller that runs behind the screed 323; instead, a separate compaction roller can also follow the system 299.

The progress of work or the speed at which the system The renewal of an asphalt pavement depends on several factors, including the input of microwave energy in the old road surface by the transmission vehicle 3o? heard. In most cases, the system will come with the The greatest speed continues, which increases with the warming of the pavement under the transmission vehicle 3o7 on the tolerates the temperature ranges mentioned here »This energy transfer to the roadway under the transmission vehicle is in the Basically due to the performance of the generator group 3o4

809828/0701 _ _{? 2}

limited to the traction unit 3ol; is within these limits but also the length of the transmission vehicle 3o7 is a factor, which helps determine the transfer of energy to the road surface. In general, if a higher output of the system 299 is required, a longer microwave transmission device 307 will have to be used. To some extent holds true that also for the device 3o8 for mixing; if a series of several mixers or the like is used, can also this facility can be moved faster. Under certain working conditions, however, the extension of the transfer vehicle or the mixer and compressor vehicle can have disadvantages to have.

Above all, the transmission vehicle and the mixer and compressor vehicle will often be made very wide so that the working width corresponds to the width of an entire street or lane. Then this street or lane could be renewed in one pass or a wide street with a few passages. But if the vehicles 3o7 and 3o8 are also very long in order to increase their productivity, the system is thus composed of a number of vehicles, which are very extensive and heavy. This does not necessarily mean that there are any particular difficulties at any job to surrender. However, it can be very difficult to move the system from one location to another. In one There is a certain connection with the fact that there is a limited number of joints in the entire system, their spacing is increased from each other as the length of the vehicles increases. This affects the ability of the successive members of the

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Appendix 299 to drive exactly behind the pulling unit. This difficulty can in itself be eliminated by having in each Part vehicle of the system is provided with a special steering device. However, this again requires additional attention of the driver, who is then unable to carry out other work and tasks required for the operation of the system. Figures 2o and 21 illustrate a modified form of a pavement renewal system 324 with extended devices for Microwave transmission and for mixing, but despite this increase in the dimensions of the transport from a job on the other hand, there are no difficulties and the system follows a selected lane very precisely and also the bends of the road or can cope with undulations of the road bed without difficulty.

For this purpose, the device for transmitting microwaves and the device for mixing are in the system according to FIGS. 2o and 21 and compression broken down into a plurality of separate, relatively short vehicle sections and accordingly the number of joints in the overall system has been increased.

In detail, the system 324 has a pulling unit 3ol, which is equipped with the same or similar devices as the tractor 3ol in FIG. Because of the reference numbers, referenced this figure. In contrast, the section 326 for microwave transmission and the section 327 for mixing and Compression in Appendix 324 modified.

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809828/0701

The microwave transmission section 326 consists of several transmission sub-vehicles, two of which, namely the transmission vehicles 328 and 329, are shown. If necessary, you can can also be used more. The vehicles 328 and 329 for the transmission of microwaves have the features described above, but are designed to be relatively short in the direction of travel. Preferably their length does not exceed the maximum for The width of a truck load permitted for road traffic. In this sense, vehicle lengths of around 1.8 - 2.4 m can be particularly useful be useful. The towing and steering linkage 331, with the help of which the transfer vehicle 328 to the drive unit 3ol is coupled or by which the vehicle 329 is hung behind the vehicle 328, can be disassembled and during the Relocation of the system can be removed.

Each transmission vehicle 328 and 329 carries a gas line on vertical supports 333 to supply hot exhaust gases to the microwave heating area. Sections of an accordion or Bellows-like flexible gas line 334 connect the gas housing 3o6 of the drive unit with the line 332 of the 1st transmission vehicle 328 and the mutually facing ends of the lines 332 of the two vehicles 328 and 329 Power from the traction unit via pliable electrical cables 336 3ol is transferred to the 1st transmission vehicle 328 and then to the 2nd vehicle 329.

The plant 334 itself has the advantage that it can be broken down into relatively small units that can be conveniently transported can be. A corresponding number of joints is guaranteed

80982Ö / 0701 - 76 -

a high degree of adaptability when driving along curves and roads with changing inclinesj the division however, it leads to the heated plaster being exposed again in sections to the atmosphere and thus to a certain degree of cooling would be exposed. Although, depending on the individual working conditions, such a loss of heat does not necessarily cause difficulties would lead, there is a better energy yield by preventing such a cooling. To this end is between the 1st broadcast vehicle 328 and the following one Transmission vehicle 329 a supple, ziehharraonikaartiije Blanket 337A is provided which is made of heat insulating material and is held between the vehicles. The blanket 337A preferably extends on either side of the heated pavement area between the two vehicles down to the bottom, as certain embodiments of the microwave shielding devices, as above described, those located under the broadcast vehicles Allow hot exhaust gases to then enter the area spanned by the ceiling 337, so that the Maintaining the heating temperature facilitated,

The mixer and compressor section 327 in the plant 324 is for the same reasons as the microwave transmission section divided into subsections. For example, a first is proportional short mixer vehicle 338 is provided containing two of the mixer and dragline assemblies and attached to the last Microwave transmission vehicle 329 by means of a steering and pulling device 339 is attached. A bellows-like ceiling 337D is held and prevented between the two vehicles 329 and 338 subsequent cooling of the warmed and dissolved patch

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in -

to the last transmission vehicle and before the arrival of the first mixer vehicle. Another gas line 341 is over placed on the vehicle 338 to apply hot gas to the pavement components located under the vehicle during mixing with the gas line connected to the corresponding line of the final microwave transmission vehicle 329 by a bellows line 334C.

The last mixer vehicle 342 can essentially be designed in the same way as the first mixer vehicle 338, with the exception, however, that it carries the leveling screed 343 with it in order to finally to smooth and compact. The plank 343 lies behind the hull of the vehicle 342 and is supported by pivotable tow arms 344 connected to this. Hydraulic cylinders 346 engage the tow arms 344 and enable the vertical adjustment the screed 343. Enlarge the leveling screed arranged on the outside and the brackets and adjustment devices that go with it although the length of the last mixer vehicle 342 can be easily removed if the facility is on a The truck is to be brought to the next place of work.

Hot exhaust gases are also fed to the mixer unit 342 traveling last with the aid of an insulated line section 347, which is arranged on vertical supports 348 on the vehicle 342 and connected to the corresponding line 341 of the vehicle in front 338 by a bellows hose 334D is. Electrical power is supplied to the vehicle 342 through the cable 336D that connects to the preceding vehicle 338.

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The systems described with reference to FIGS. 18-21 are used preferably for carrying out extensive work. Smaller ones Systems with a significantly modified vehicle shape can also be used to carry out the invention, see Figures 22 and 23. The vehicle 351 shown here may be referred to as a surface repair vehicle. It is not only suitable for the reconditioning of existing asphalt surfaces in the manner described above, but particularly well adapted to a modification of this procedure known as repairing or "resetting" as opposed to renewing the patch will. Next is the attachment for one embodiment of the procedure, which is particularly geared towards the maintenance of country roads or highways, which are mainly consist of concrete *

The surface repair vehicle 351 has a front portion 352, which rides on a pair of road wheels 353, and a longer one rear section 354, which is driven on two at the rear end Wheel axles 356 and 357 is supported. The vehicle 351 is an articulated vehicle with the front section 352 and the sub-section 354 are coupled to one another by a very strong pivot connection 358. The connection 358 is centrally between the two vehicle sections so that one vehicle section is about a vertical axis relative to the other can pivot, but the connection rigidly against any Pivoting movements about axes at right angles thereto. Either side of the pivot connection 358 is between the two Vehicle sections each have a hydraulic steering cylinder 359Λ or 359B articulated, so that by extending one cylinder

809828/0701 - ™ "

piston and retraction of the other of the front section 352 is angled with respect to the rear section 354 and thus enables the vehicle to be steered.

The front portion 352 is a microwave transmission device, their interior fittings correspond to those described above Facilities. The transmission device forms a microwave heating and dissolving area 361 below the body 362 of the vehicle. The microwave containment area 361 is delimited by a shielding area 363, which corresponds to the already explained features is executed. A flexible electrical line cable closes the devices for generation of microwaves in front section 352 to a generator 366 located in the rear of the vehicle.

The rear section 354 of the system 351 has a driver's compartment 367 which is built on the front part of a frame 368. An insulated container 369 for additional asphalt, paving oil, or adjustment fluids is positioned on the rear end of the frame 368, preferably above the rear road wheels 356. The generator 366 is driven by a motor 371 and is arranged together with the latter between the container 369 and the driver's cab 367 on the vehicle. The output connections 373 of the generator are connected to a switch box 372 which is located immediately behind the cab and contains rectifiers, voltage regulators and other accessories for generating microwaves. The motor 73, which provides all the power for this embodiment of a surface repair system 351, is preferably a turbine which has a relatively large amount of

809828/0701 - 8o -

produces hot exhaust gases compared to reciprocating engines because it is desirable for certain operations that the system 351 performs is when relatively large amounts of hot gases are available.

Although the system can be stranded with a separate drive motor, a more compact and cheaper construction results if part of the output energy of the generator 366 is used as drive energy for the vehicle. For this purpose , an electric motor 374 is connected to the distributor 372 via connections 376 and is arranged on the frame 368 adjacent to the generator 366. The output shaft 377 of the motor 374 is drivingly connected to the road wheels 357 and 356 via a reduction gear 378. Another electric motor 379 is arranged on the frame 368 to drive a pump 381 which pressurizes hydraulic fluid coming from a container 382, do the various Actuate servomotors of the vehicle.

The frame 368 forms an inverted cuboid box under which tearing, milling, mixing, smoothing and other operations are carried out with the hot, dissolved plaster. In order to transfer additional heat to the pavement underneath during such work, the exhaust gases from the machine 371 are introduced downwards into the area within the frame 368 through a conduit 582. Pliable aprons 383 extend from frame 368 down to the floor on all sides of the vehicle and help keep the hot gases in the work area and prevent them from working

B09828 / 0701 - 81 -

torn up plaster components are thrown outwards. A valve 384 in line 582 enables the optional Diverting part of the exhaust gases from the engine 371 into a line 386 which feeds the hot gases into the container 369, if this is necessary to keep the container contents in the heated state.

In the frame 368 are one or more processing devices housed for the pavement, in this case a rotary milling cutter or shovel 387, a ripping device 388 and a shield 389 for smoothing. The rotary milling cutter or shovel 387 has cutting and mixing heads 391 which are attached to a drive shaft 392 are arranged, which is mounted in the lower ends of support arms 393, the upper ends of which can pivot on the sides of the Frame 368 are arranged by means of axes 394. Hydraulic adjusting devices 396 on the frame 368 with extendable or retractable piston rods 397 engage in longitudinal slots 398 of the Arms 393 and allow a controlled raising or lowering of the devices 387 with respect to the plaster below. To drive the rotary blades 387, a chain 399 can be provided which has a gearwheel 401 on the drive shaft 392 with a Connects gear 4o2, which sits coaxially on the axis 394 and is driven by an electric motor 4o3 attached to the frame 368.

The ripper or rake 388 consists of a cross piece 404 with one or more rows of evenly spaced tines 4o6, in this case three rows that extend from the underside of the cross piece 4o4 extend down to the

809828/0701 - ₈ 2 -

Tear open the surface of the heated plaster underneath or to rake. The cross piece 4o4 is attached to the lower ends of support arms 4o7 on both sides of the vehicle lie and are arranged with their upper ends pivotable on the frame 368, so that the prongs 4o6 by hydraulic servomotors 4o8 can be raised or lowered as required.

The shield 389 is also transverse to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle inside the frame 368 behind the rake 388, with the upper end of the blade or shovel arsnen with Trägex-arsnen 4o9 is connected on both sides of the vehicle. The upper ends of the arms 4o9 are hinged to the frame 368 and can through Hydraulic servomotors 411 arranged on both sides of the vehicle are moved so that the shield or the shovel 389 is opposite lifted or lowered the pavement and thus a Perform smoothing Xann «

The surface repair vehicle 351 is capable of performing the patch refurbishing method described above to be used. For this purpose, the vehicle 351 is driven over a roadway at a speed at which the pavement heated and dissolved under the microwave transmission area 361 “The Freh shovel 387 can then move downwards to remix the dissolved plaster components and shield 389 is used to smooth out the blended Plaster used * Behind the vehicle 351 a special compressor vehicle drives behind, although in itself also with the vehicle 351 a leveling screed can be arranged at the rear end *

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The vehicle 351 can, however, also be used for a method that can be referred to as pavement repair differs from the renewal process in that the displacement by heating by means of microwaves under the transmission area 361 is limited to less than the full depth of the old asphalt surface. Instead, there is just a surface layer of the old ceiling, usually on the order of magnitude dissolved by about one to two inches or three to five cm. This dissolved surface layer of the old ceiling can with the Means 387 re-mixed and then smoothed with the shield 389 and then compacted again. The restoration of the surface layer of the road surface can also in many cases are carried out so that the rake 389 is pulled through the heated, dissolved surface layer. For this purpose, the rake 389 is lowered so far that its prongs 406 to the desired extent in the surface layer of the Penetrating the pavement while the vehicle drives over the dissolved pavement · The pavement can in this way are repeatedly raked through, in which periodically the direction of travel of the system 351 in successive paved areas is reversed. If necessary, additional asphalt from container 369 can also be added to the pavement, before or between two raking processes. The dissolved and hardened or mixed surface layer of the road surface is then smoothed by driving the vehicle over it, the lower edge of the sign 389 through the processed area is driven.

809828/0701 " ⁸⁴ "

■ * »►- ■■

-JW-

Hot exhaust gases from engine 371 are processed through line 582 during the operations described above the dissolved plaster layer of this fed to the Reduce the amount of microwave heating and the time it takes. The surface heating caused by the hot Exhaust is made somewhat more effective for surface repairs of this type, such as heating in the case where the The road surface has to be heated and dissolved to a greater depth. That is why, and because there is also one when it comes to surface repairs less re-mixing is sufficient, is the required level slightly less microwave heating than in the case of full work-up the old road surface, for example, satisfactory results are achieved with warming up to a range of approx Sun - 95 ° C.

In a modified form, the invention can also be used for the repair and maintenance of worn concrete, highways or the like to be used. Also for the recovery of asphalt from waste on old rubble dumps. That’s how recently Concrete pavements 412 are restored by applying a relatively thin layer of asphalt pavement 413 will. This covering of a concrete road 412 or the like with an asphalt surface 413 can be very effective with the aid of the invention are carried out, although it is necessary when the concrete is first covered with the asphalt paving components to approach. New asphalt paving components can be used for this. However, the invention also allows to use in a particularly effective way old chunks of asphalt that were previously considered to be waste, e.g. those from

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come from a landfill. For example, a layer 413 can thereby That small chunk of an old asphalt pavement that has been procured from a landfill is made are, as layer 414 on your concrete pavement to be restored Road to be spread. The vehicle 351 of the figures 22 and 23 or one of the other systems or vehicles previously described here then drives over layer 414, to heat them up, dissolve, mix and smooth them one after the other, so that finally on the surface of the concrete road 412 an asphalt covering 413 lies in the desired shape. For this particular mission, at least the front and rear microwave shielding means and 417 on the microwave transmission section of the plant so formed See above that the loose chunks 414 pass under the shielding devices without any particular disturbance can. Flexible apron shields and gap shields are suitable for this.

Following the original covering of a concrete roadway 412 with a relatively thin layer of asphalt 413, the surface repair device 351 is used periodically, in order to restore the surface of the road with appropriate time intervals, including not necessarily new paving material is needed.

The invention can also be applied to in a worn out Patching and repairing relatively small areas spread out or damaged patches. Therefore the systems explained above can be used.

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Working on a relatively small scale and patching up limited local areas such as individual cracks, potholes and the like, will be economical with a smaller one Facility carried out, which carries the necessary facilities. Figures 24 and 25 show an example of a but also such a smaller vehicle 418, which is especially intended for patching up and repairing minor road damage can be used for renewing or repairing longer continuous lane strips in the manner described above.

The repair vehicle 418 has a frame 419 that is a cab 421 carries and rides on a pair of steerable front road wheels 422 and a compactor roller 423 attached to the rear The end of the frame 419 is mounted by means of a transverse axis 424. To drive the vehicle in forward and backward direction int a reversible electric motor 427 is arranged on a platform 428 above the roller 423. Gears 429 on both ends of the output shaft of the motor 427 drive larger gears 431 by means of chains 432, which are coaxial on the two ends of the roller axis 424 are attached. To power the various electrical devices of the vehicle 418, is a motor-generator assembly 433 with a generator 436 and a prime mover 438 mounted on the frame 419. A The switch and distribution box 437 is arranged behind the driver's cab 421. A diesel engine is used to drive the generator 436 438 is provided, possibly also another internal combustion engine that generates hot exhaust gases.

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A microwave transmitter 439 is housed in an inverted box-shaped case 441 made of electrically conductive material. The unit 439 is located on the underside of the front part of the vehicle to heat and dissolve asphalt pavement in localized areas to be repaired. The transmission section 439 is equipped with the devices already described, in particular with transversely arranged, attenuating waveguides 442, each of which can be excited by a magnetron tube 443 or another microwave generator. Shielding areas 444 are disposed around the perimeter of waveguide area 443 to block the leakage of microwave energy across the gap between the lower edge of housing 441 and the patch 426 below. The housing 441 of the microwave transmission unit, in which the waveguides 443 and the other internal components are arranged, is preferably attached to the frame 419 by means of servomotors 446 in order to raise or lower the housing 441 as required. This allows the size of the gap between the microwave transmission unit and the plaster on top. In addition, this allows the housing 441 with its internal components to be raised sufficiently so that the vehicle can travel from one work location to the next *

A device 447 for working through the plaster is attached to the underside of the frame 419 between the microwave section 439 and the roller 423. This processing section 447 can also be designed as an inverted box-shaped body 448, which is preferably attached to the frame 419 by means of adjusting devices.

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is suspended directions 449, which allow raising or lowering of the section 448, so that the depth of engagement with the pavement can be adjusted and on the other hand, the section can be pulled up when the vehicle is moving to another place of work. The section 448 can do those already mentioned Contains tools for mixing pavement components, such as a rotary shovel 451 and a rake carrying tines 452 in one or more rows. Also plow discs 453 in one or more rows, as previously provided for the field processing function section 447 zusasmcn with other devices for incising ^ circulating ₄ mixing or the like can be arranged "For smoothing a smoothing plate 454 is at the rear end of the working portion 447 disposed .

Under the frame 419, between the sections 439 and 456, a sensor 456 is arranged which measures the temperature of the plaster and with the help of which the driver can determine whether a plaster site to be repaired has been heated to the desired temperature. Microwave energy detectors 457 are arranged on the frame 419 above the four corners of the microwave transmission device 439, so that any leakage of microwave energy can be detected. The vehicle is also provided with a conduit device 4 58 with which hot exhaust gases from the engine can be transferred into the paving area 447 and also into the microwave heating area under the microwave transmission area 439, so that the energy content of the fuel consumed by the vehicle engine 438 is better utilized and the use of processing equipment uttd

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the microwave heating is promoted.

For the repair of small fault tunnels in the pavement 4 26, such as potholes or cracks, the vehicle 418 is first driven onto the section to be repaired in such a way that the ffikrov / ellentransmission device 439 lies above the curses to be worked on. The plaster located in this area or immediately surrounding it is then heated and dissolved. The vehicle is then driven forward and, if necessary, repeatedly moved back and forth to allow the pavement mixing and processing means within area 447 to circulate or mix the dissolved pavement area. The vehicle is then driven forward in order to smooth this area with the shield 454 and then to compact the smoothed area with the roller 423.

The repair vehicle 418 is also very well suited to reconditioning the asphalt pavement, which is often used as a narrow verge is arranged along highways, which are mainly constructed of concrete. The vehicle is used for such work 418 slowly and continuously over the edge of the asphalt, in order to carry out the various operations described here to execute.

FIGS. 26 and 27 show that the invention can be used for extensive work even without the use of the special vehicles described above can be used. The pavement renewal system 461 of Figures 26 and 27, except for the microwave transmission vehicle 462, which corresponds to a shape described above,

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from components that are known in detail and are commercially available and with only a few easy-to-apply changes.

The tractor unit in facility 461 is a large truck

463 with a flat wing on which two generator groups

464 are arranged. The exhaust gases of the diesel engines or other drive machines of the generators are collected in a gas housing * which is also arranged on the truck »similar» as described above. The microwave transmission device 462 is also designed as a vehicle 467 in accordance with the form already described and is towed by the truck 463. The vehicle 467 has an insulated hot gas line 468 which receives hot exhaust gases from the housing 466 through a flexible, length-adjustable bellows hose 469, the line 469 connecting to a blower 471 located on the truck , which the gas from the housing 466 connects withdraws. The vehicle 467 is provided with a valve 472, with the aid of which the gas flow from the line 468 can be fed into the microwave heating area. Instead of the individual microwave transmission vehicle 467 shown here, other such vehicles can also be used in the system 461 "

Deviating from the embodiments described so far in the system 461, the mixing, smoothing and compacting carried out by means of a pavement paving machine 473, which is used for largely corresponds to known constructions.

. 809828/0701

One of the essential elements of the machine 473 is a vehicle body 474 running on carrier wheels 476 and large drive wheels 477. The vehicle 473 is placed on the fuselage 474 by one Machine 478 powered. A road paving machine 473 also has a funnel-shaped container 479, which absorbs the hot road mass. An endless sand conveyor 481 extends forward and backward from the front end of the hopper below within a receiving channel 482 to hot Asphaltmischuruj Pick up or parts, convey them up and deliver them into the upper area of the hopper 479.

In the usual use of a pavement paving system, hot asphalt mixture is brought to the work site and dumped in an embankment in front of the pavement paving machine so that the material can be picked up by the conveyor 481 and transferred to the hopper 479. The pavement machine has a second endless conveyor belt 483 with which the hot mixture is conveyed from the lower end of the hopper 479 to the rear of the vehicle, where it is discharged into a transversely extending trough 484. From the trough, a layer of the hot mixture is deposited on the road bed. If, as in this case, the width of the trough 484 is greater than that of the conveyor 483, a motorized auger or the like 486 can be arranged across the vehicle in the trough 484 in order to convey part of the material sideways from the conveyor belt 483, so that it is applied in an even layer on the road bed. For this purpose, the screw elements 487 run of the conveyor 486 from the center line of a spiral to both sides of the vehicle.

809828/0701

For smoothing and compacting the applied mixture, a leveling screed 488 is arranged transversely under the rear end of the machine 473 so that it runs against the freshly applied layer and compresses it. The screed 488 is connected to both sides of the vehicle with a drag arm 489 so that it can pivot. The tow arms extend from the plank to the front and back and are arranged at their front ends by means of pivot pins 491 on the vehicle body. The rear portion of each push arm 489 is connected to the vehicle body by a hydraulic cylinder 492 so that the level of the screed 488 can be adjusted as needed,

Machine 473 is preferred for incorporation into system 461 modified compared to known designs. The gutter or chute 482 at the front end of the machine that receives the hot plaster mix is preferably located at the front end Made sufficiently wide to cover the full width of the lane 493 that is to be processed. If the chute has to be made noticeably wider than the associated conveyor 481, the transport of the collected »dissolved old plaster on the conveyor and from there into the funnel 479 thereby facilitated and simplified be that another, driven screw conveyor 494 immediately above the front edge 496 of the chute is arranged, the front edge of which is designed here as a pick-up to collect the dissolved old plaster. Of the Screw conveyor 494 can be constructed in the same way as rear-end conveyor 486, with the exception that the screw elements run in reverse in order to

809828/0701

-, rf--

rial to be carried towards the center.

It is also provided / that the machine 473 for the invention is provided with a blanket 497, preferably made of heat-insulating material, which is placed over the receiving chute 482 at the top. A substantially similar blanket 498 is placed over hopper 479. In this way, the hot exhaust gases can remain in the area of the dissolved plaster mixture as it passes through the machine 473. To receive the hot exhaust gases, a connector 499 is arranged on the top of the ceiling 498 and is connected to the rear end of the gas line 468 on the vehicle 467 by a section 5ol of a bellows hose line.

Since many conventional road pavers work in such a way that they take up the ready-mixed road mass, mixing devices are not provided in such vehicles. In the system according to FIGS. 26 and 27, the absorbed, dissolved old roadway mass is subject to mixing processes to a considerable extent due to the action of the various devices described above. A mixing effect is initially achieved at the front screw conveyor 494 , and to a certain extent also by the action of the belt conveyor 481 and when the material is transferred into the hopper 479. A further mixing effect is achieved with the rear screw conveyor 484 . In cases in which the equipment of the road paver does not achieve sufficient mixing in any other way, one or more power-driven rotary shovel devices 5o2 or soil milling machines, as described above, can be used without further ado,

809828/0701 ₉₄

may be provided, for example immediately above the rear conveyor belt 483. Since hydraulic pressure fluid is usually in a Such a system is available e.g. for actuating the various pressure cylinders, a liquid motor 5o3 can be used to drive the circulation device 5o2. Instead, drive motors of other types can also be used.

In the case of the system 461, 473, it is ensured that the hot exhaust gases be directed within the pavement paver at the dissolved paving material and against the various components, with which the material mixture comes into contact. Hot gas flows from connection 499 between channel 482 and conveyor 481, into the hopper 479, via the conveyor 483, including the mixing area of the circulating device 502, and into the trough 484 and onto the screed 488. If the gas flow generated by the motor-generator groups 464 is insufficient to meet both the needs of the To cover microwave transmission vehicle 467 and the machine 473, this gas flow can be supplemented in that Also the exhaust gases from the engine via a line device 5o4

478 of the production machine 473 in the area under the ceiling

479 feeds in »

In other cases the line connection 5ol between the devices 473 and 467 can be dispensed with so that over the line device 5o4 only the exhaust gases from the engine 478 can be used for the needs of the pavement paving system. In common systems, a butane burner or the like is often provided to the contents of the funnel 479 in one to keep the warmed state “In any case, the

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heat dos motors 7o% of the road paver not used been, although this means about 7o% of the energy content of The engine's exhausted fuel has been wasted in the form of exhaust gases, the temperatures of a few hundred Degrees Celsius.

In operation, the system 473 is driven very slowly over a damaged road 5o6, the lane of which is to be renewed. The old pavement is quickly heated and dissolved under the microwave transmission vehicle 467. The dissolved road mass is then caught and picked up by the paddle 496, conveyed to the center by the auger 494, and then conveyed up and back into the hopper 479 by means of the chute 482 in association with the conveyor belt 481. The recovered and heated pavement mix is then passed on from the underside of hopper 479 by means of conveyor belt 483 carried to the rear, is subject to a further mixing process by means of the device 5o3, and is then deposited again on the road bed in the form of a layer of a hot material mixture, which is then smoothed and compacted again by the screed 488, so that behind the system one of reprocessed Material produced, renewed road surface is created. Little or no new asphalt is needed. It also doesn't need any materials between a distant one Mixing plant or a dump to be moved back and forth, the fuels used being much more effective than previously used in such work.

809828/0701

With the aid of the system according to FIGS. 26 and 27, a further, extremely advantageous modification of the invention is possible, namely the commitment to widening existing roads. For this purpose it can be exploited under certain circumstances that due to earlier Surface improvements or renewals of the road surface on the existing road is thicker than it actually is needed. If this is not the case, a relatively small amount of a new pavement material mixture can be used and placed on the old road bed in front of the system 473.

The system to be used for the widening is provided with a rear screw conveyor ABA and a leveling screed 488, the size of which is so large that it spans the new street width to be produced. Because of this, the system can produce the wider carriageway, using at least some of the material from the old, narrower road. "As shown in simplified form in FIG widened, with new surface provided carriageway 5o8,

The invention is intended to be UNU mainly for the production or repair of road surfaces consisting of asphalt or where Äsphaltschicht located on concrete. However, certain properties of the invention can also be used for roadways that do not consist of asphalt, for example the microwave energy enables concrete to be heated very quickly and effectively. For the maintenance of concrete road surfaces,

809828/0701

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Chen certain work is required that the roadway warms up is used to dry the concrete and, in some cases, the polymerization or other setting of sealants or the like that have been applied to the roadway. So far, such warming has been with great Time required because only the relatively slow conduction of heat from the surface of the concrete into the material could be used inside, and this concrete material has a very small coefficient of thermal conductivity. In contrast, the microwave transmission devices, as described above, much more effective and allow the concrete to warm up very quickly.

Claims 809828/0701 - ₉₈ -

Claims (1)

Patent claims jdUU 1.! Process for reconditioning existing asphalt roads using heat / "characterized by / that the Existing road surface is heated and dissolved by means of microwave energy transmitted into the roadway, thereby softening the asphalt content, whereupon the components of the road surface are mixed up again in the dissolved state and then the mixed road material is compacted again in its original location. 2. The method according to claim 1), characterized in that the Work steps of dissolving, remixing and recompaction of the roadway are carried out progressively on successive adjacent sections of the roadway. 3. The method according to claim 1) or 2), characterized in that the steps of dissolution, remixing and Recompaction can be carried out essentially continuously and with the movement of the facilities and equipment used for this purpose along the roadway to be processed. 4. The method according to claim 3), characterized in that the Temperature of the roadway parts after their dissolution Heat continuously monitored and based on which the speed of movement is controlled. 5. The method according to claim 1) - 4), characterized in that the components of the road surface at the point of the upper ORtOtNALINSPECTH) - " area where these components were originally have been lying. 6. The method according to claim 1) - 4), characterized in that the microwave energy is temporarily reduced to a predetermined Area of the existing roadway is restricted. 7, method according to claim 6) _1, characterized in that the roadway and the roadway components are used to absorb the microwave energy otherwise exiting at the boundaries of the predetermined area. B, method according to claim 1) -7), characterized in that in addition new roadway components the already existing Road components are added before they are re-compacted. 9. The method according to claim 1) - 8), characterized in that a »r generation of the microwave energy is a microwave source is operated with electrical energy avis a generator, which in turn is operated with an internal combustion engine, at least some of the hot exhaust gases from the machine to Supplement to the microwave heating system steered onto the roadway will. lo * method according to claim 9) _t characterized in that the hot exhaust gases are directed onto the roadway in the same area that absorbs the microwave energy. " - loo - 11. The method according to claim 9) or Ιο), characterized in that that the hot exhaust gases are directed at the road components during the remixing. 12. The method according to claim 1) - ID / characterized / that the roadway is brought into an electrically close coupling to at least one microwave source to dissolve it and thereby creates a damping electrical load for the microwave source 13. The method according to claim 6) - 12), characterized in that a predetermined heating and dissolving area of the road surface through the arrangement of electrically conductive material the area and around its sides is demarcated, with the microwave energy within this demarcated area and is transferred to the part of the roadway below. 14. The method according to claim 13), characterized in that the boundary of conductive material on the road is moved away. 15. The method according to claim 1) - 14), characterized in that the dissolution of the existing paving material is limited to a surface layer of the existing roadway by microwave energy and its new mixing. 16. The method according to claim 15), characterized in that the mixing, raking through the surface layer is carried out while the components are in a dissolved state * -vd- 17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims in use on a roadway with an asphalt road surface a concrete layer, characterized in that the heated, dissolved and mixed mass of the asphalt pavement layer is re-compacted by pressing it against the concrete base while it is heated. 18. The method according to claim 17}, characterized in that to form the asphalt pavement layer from another location original pieces of an old pavement layer can also be used. 19. Device for road processing with a one device for the generation of heat containing, mobile system, characterized in that a substantially box-shaped, consisting of a cover and side panels {4 2, 4 2) in the mobile system (33) with the opening facing down is arranged and a microwave area together with the limited road surface underneath, and that this Microwave region contains means for releasing micro-wave energy (52, 56, 54). 20. Device according to claim 19), characterized in that the mobile system <33) at least one electrical generator (61) and at least one microwave source in the microwave region (41) (56) contains / which is connected (62, 63) to the generator for the supply of electrical energy, which is driven by at least one internal combustion engine (59) « - Io2 - 809628/0701 21. Device according to claim 2o), characterized by means (66) for feeding at least some of the hot exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine onto the roadway to supplement the heating effect of the microwave energy. 22. Device according to claim 2o) - 21), characterized in that that the mobile system (3ol) has at least one container (281) for carrying a supply of additional roadway components and means (283) for the optional delivery of the has additional components while the system is in motion. 23. Device according to claim 22), characterized by means (292, 293) for feeding at least part of the from the Exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine originating heat in the container (281). 24. Device according to claim 19) - 23), characterized by an Means (209) arranged in a vehicle (196) for mixing the components of the roadway following the passage of the microwave enclosure (41, 42). 25. Device according to claim 24), characterized in that the Means for mixing have at least one rotary blade (2o9) which is attached to the underside of the mobile system (3ol) are arranged behind the microwave transmission device (3o7). 26. Device according to claim 24) - 25), characterized by in Means (272, 274, 268) provided for the mobile system (3ol) " ^lo3 " COPY j [ for supplying at least some of the hot exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine to the roadway components during their mixing. 27. Device according to claim 24) - 26, characterized in that in the mobile system (3ol) at least one smoothing shield (236) is arranged behind the means {2o9) for mixing the roadway components. 28 * Device according to claim 24} - 27, characterized in that at least one compression device (244, 246) in the mobile system <2ol) behind the means <2o9) is arranged to mix the roadway components. 29. Device according to claim 19) - 28), characterized in that that the mobile system (418) is self-propelled. 3g »device according to claim 29}, characterized in that the mobile equipment (299, 324} has a microwave transmission section (3o7) carrying the microwave enclosure (41, 42) and the microwave source (56), and a mixing section (3o8), which carries the mixing devices (2o9), the two sections with a pivoting movement permitting coupling (331) are connected « 31 »Device according to claim 3o), characterized in that the system (299) a special tractor (3ol) and multiple swivel movements permitting couplings to connect the individual sections (3ol, 3o7, 3o8). 009828/0701 F- ~ - Jv "-'-""nS ·· ¹ **;; -. Λβ 32. Device according to claim 31), characterized in that the generator and the internal combustion engine driving the generator are arranged on the tractor (3ol), which by electrical line cables (336) and flexible bellows-shaped gas lines (334) are connected to the sections of the system drawn by the tractor. 33. Device according to claim 19) -32), characterized by temperature sensors which are arranged in the system (299) immediately behind the microwave heating area (41) for monitoring the temperature of the heated road surface while the system is in motion. 34. Device according to claim 19) - 33), characterized in that that at least one microwave energy detector (81) is arranged on the outside of the microwave transmission area (41). 35. Device according to claim 19) - 34), characterized in that that the microwave transmission area (41) with at least one microwave shielding device (44,48,72) on the sweeter Perimeter of the microwave transmission area (41) is provided. 36. Device according to claim 35), characterized in that the microwave energy shielding device electrically conductive Has elements (43, 77) that differ from the enclosure of the Microwave area (41) for reflection of microwave energy extend downward in 41 · underneath it, outwardly. 37. Device according to claim 35) - 36), characterized / that the microwave energy shielding device is pliable, has electrically conductive elements (73, 74) which extend downward onto the road surface below, and form microwave reflectors for the microwave reflectors coming from the microwave range (41). 38. Device according to claim 35) - 37) _f, characterized in that in the area of the gap {72) between the microwave area <41) and the roadway surface underneath there is a shielding device in front of and behind this area transversely to the mobile device having this area which are connected on both sides by lateral microwave shielding devices, of which at least one (172, 181) is movable perpendicular to the microwave range. 39. Device according to claim 38) , characterized in that the lateral shielding device (126) has a plurality of ground-contacting wheels (141) which are mounted on the shielding device and these (132) at a predetermined distance above the roadway underneath ( 127) hold. 40. Device according to claim 38 - 39), characterized by an adjusting device (189} for the optional raising and lowering of the side shield (172) with respect to the microwave enclosure (159, 163). - Io6 - 41. Device according to claim 35) - 4o), characterized in that that the microwave energy shield is a gap shield comprising a plate (48) of electrically conductive material has, which is the upper limit of the gap from the Enclosure of the microwave area (41) extends downwards and the underside of which is essentially parallel to the road surface underneath. 42. Device according to claim 41), characterized in that the electrically conductive plate (132) with the enclosure of the microwave area is vertically connected differently and through a plurality of rolling elements (141, 142), which are mounted on the plate, are supported at a predetermined height above the road surface below. 43. Device according to claim 42), characterized in that each rolling element (141, 142) on the plate (132) by elastic, a limited independent vertical movement opposite the plate permitting means is stored. 44. Device according to claim 42) - 43), characterized in that that the rolling elements (141, 142) are at least partially made of electrically conductive material and are spaced apart from one another, defining the passages between the Restrict rolling elements to less than the limit dimensions for the frequency of the microwave energy. 45. Device according to claim 35) - 44), characterized in that the microwave shielding device is a cavity shield 809828/0701 " ^lo7 " in the form of an inverted box-shaped structure made of electrically conductive Has material extending along the perimeter of the microwave area (41) and the lower edges of which are slightly spaced above the floor surface, 46. Device according to claim 45), characterized in that a mass (Hl ') made of electrically damping material in the inverted box-shaped structure (111, 112) is arranged. 47. Device according to claim 46), characterized in that the Space with the electrically damping material contains at least one road wheel (176) of the mobile system, which at least partially consists of electrically damping material and is arranged in the cavity vent. 48 »Device according to claim 37), characterized in that the pliable electroconductive elements are a plurality of metal chain sections (74), each of which is ara upper The end is fastened in a suspension which is arranged on the circumference of the microwave region (41), 49. Device according to claim 37}, characterized in that the pliable electrically conductive elements consist of a plurality of elastic metal wires (113), each of which is attached with its upper end to a holder, which in turn around the outer circumference of the microwave area (41) is arranged around. - Io8 - 809828/0701 50. Device according to claim 35) - 49), characterized in that that the microwave energy shielding device comprises an apron shield (168, 169, 186, 184) to which a strip made of a flat, electrically conductive material, which extends along a boundary of the microwave range upper extends the gap (157) and is with its lower portion in contact with the underlying road surface. 51. Device according to claim 5o), characterized in that the Strip of pliable material (168, 184) extends downwards with an excess and is bent with its lower section and lies flat on the road surface. 52. Device according to claim So), characterized in that the Strip (186) is made of rigid material, the lower portion of which extends beyond the gap height (157) down into the roadway (158) below. 53. Device according to claim 19) -52), characterized in that that in order to release energy into the microwave region (41) at least one waveguide (52) is arranged in this region and at least one opening (54) for the transmission of microwave energy in the direction of the road surface underneath and at least one microwave energy source (56) which is coupled with the excitation of the waveguide » 54. Device according to claim S3) , characterized in that the waveguide (52) is sufficiently close to it 809828/0701 - Io9 - Road surface is arranged / which is with respect to the microwave source {56) forms a damping electrical load. 55. Device according to claim 53), characterized in that the waveguide (52) as a microwave energy for the underlying The antenna radiating from the road surface is arranged at a sufficient distance above the roadway. 56. Apparatus according to claim 53) - 55), characterized by a plurality of waveguides (52) _t which are arranged parallel to one another and each equipped with a Mikrowelienqaeile (56). 57. Device according to claim 56), characterized in that between two adjacent parallel waveguides (97) a plate (Io7, Io7 ') parallel to their alignment made of electrically conductive material, which are located from the waveguides down to the d & down Road surface extends. 58. Device according to one of claims 19} - 57), characterized by means (217-213, 251-261, 241-243) for optional Adjustment of the working height of the devices (2o9, 236, 244) for mechanical processing of the heated pavement layer. 59 · Device according to claims 28) - 58), characterized by a Gaazuleitung for feeding at least part of the Exhaust gases to the compression device (244, 246). 809828/0701 ORlGlNAL INSPECTED 60. Device according to one of claims 19) - 59), characterized by a pliable cover (337) which extends between the the vehicle (328) containing the microwave transmission section and the vehicle (338) containing the mixing devices extends. 61. Device according to one of claims 19) - 60), characterized in that the mobile system (351) has a front one at least one pair of front road wheels (353) running vehicle (352) and a rear vehicle (352) running on at least one pair rear road wheels (356; 357) includes the running vehicle, which are connected by a pivoting coupling (358) and of which the front with means for Transferring microwave energy to the underlying roadway and the rear vehicle with means (391) for mixing the underlying heated roadway material Is provided. . 62. Device according to claim 61), characterized in that an internal combustion engine (371) on the rear vehicle (354) and an electric generator (366) driven by this is arranged to which the microwave generating device of the front vehicle (352) is connected. 63. Device according to claim 62), characterized in that the system (351) by on the rear wheels (356, 357) of the rear vehicle (354) working electric motors (374) is driven, which are connected to the generator (366). - 111 - 809828/0701 64. Device according to claim 25) - 63), characterized in that that the mixing device (2o9) is in drive connection with an electric motor via a mechanical transmission. 65. Device according to one of claims 19) - 64), characterized in that that the device for mixing a ripping device (4o4) with a plurality of downwards extending prongs (4o6) and means (4o7) for the optional adjustment of the working height of this device * 66. Device according to one of the preceding claims 19) - 65), characterized in that the mobile system is combined in a vehicle {418), the rear part of which is mounted on a roller connected to a rotary drive {421} on the vehicle frame <41S) (423) is running. 67. Device according to claim 66), characterized in that the rotary drive is an electric motor which acts as the drive wheel the vehicle (418) serving roller (423) via a transmission (432) drives. € β. Device according to claim 19) - 67), characterized ^ that the microwave generating device is arranged adjustable in height is. 69. Device according to one of the preceding claims 19) - 68), characterized in that in the system (461) behind the vehicle containing the microwave generating device <4 € 2) «in pavers <473} drives» the old one 1 »haulage 809820/0701 - 112 - device (482, 481) receives the heated roadway mass and means for spreading the pavement mass under the paver on the road bed and means (488) for compacting the newly applied pavement layer. 70. Device according to claim 69), characterized in that the The device for compacting the newly applied pavement layer is a leveling screed (488). 71. Device according to claim 69) - 7o), characterized in that « that at the output end of the 1st conveyor device (481, 482) a funnel container (479) is arranged and the container and the conveyor device is covered with a hood (497) into which a feed line (499) for delivery opens 72. Device according to claim 69) - 71), characterized by a power-driven additional mixing device (4841 494), the in the passage of the road mass through the road paver lies. 609821/0701