DE2519133A1 - Hot dry climate prefabricated modular house-building system - has metal load bearing structure and basic fibrous plastics walls - Google Patents

Abstract

The building system is based on prefabrication and a modular grid pattern, and is esp. suitable for countries with hot, dry climates. It involves the use of four press-formed basic structural elements (1, 10), all alike and made of organic fibrous materials and a bonding medium, on a plastic base. These are cut, if required, as appropriate to various areas of application as wall, ceiling or door, or as connectors between one wall and another, and are joined to each other without screws. In conjunction with these there is a metal load bearing structure (66), connected to the structural elements, or to a prefabricated component made from them. A basic element may be a triple-skinned wall element, with preformed sealing units. This is economical, highly versatile and variable, and easily assembled in developing countries.

Description

"Construction system in ready-made wheat" The invention relates to a construction system prefabricated in the Hasters' system, preferably for houses in countries with hot, dry climate.

There are prefabricated building systems known in which wall and Ceiling elements are assembled or connected with a stud frame. To do this the number of the always critical joints between these elements as small as possible These elements are usually chosen to be relatively large. However, this works on the other hand, to weight elements that are no longer through Nuskeikraft, but only to be moved and put into position with lifting gear, what the transport and the Assembly considerably more expensive.

Furthermore, partition systems are known in which non-load-bearing, prefabricated Interior walls ar # construction to be assembled. The hand elements are here on their joints either inserted into brackets or provided with cover strips, connected with each other. However, there are streaks on the joints that are not sit flush with the wall alignment and also not because of the strength requirements consist of the same material as the walls. These systems are also on Wall constructions limited.

The known building systems in prefabricated construction usually require for the creation of a house, the shape of which in particular has a sufficient number to allow variations, a large number of individual prefabricated components different materials. This of course increases the manufacturing, transportation and Assembly effort. This large number of prefabricated components has a particularly disadvantageous effect for the construction of houses in such places, e.g. in developing countries, where there are no or only a few production facilities and transport routes, there due to the large number of individual prefabricated components made from the various materials the initial investment costs for the creation of corresponding production facilities are quite significant. In addition, the production of a corresponding variety of tools for shaping the individual prefabricated components with considerable costs tied together.

The object of the invention is therefore to address the shortcomings to avoid the well-known prefabricated building systems and to create a whole house that cost-saving building system of the type in question, in particular for use in developing countries, to create the smallest possible number of reasons construction elements made from as few materials as possible with the greatest possible variety of has individual prefabricated components that are as small as possible or the individual Ilaus forms, with the house to be assembled in a simple and safe manner in particular to the Requirements of a hot and dry climate is adapted and also upscale satisfies aesthetic and living requirements.

This object is achieved according to the invention by four of the same, consisting of organic pulp and a synthetic resin-based binder Naterial prefabricated, compression-deformed basic building element according to the various Areas of application as wall, ceiling, door, connector o! Ischetl tiand u.nd each wall, ceiling, door or window is cut to size and in each case accordingly are connected to each other without screws and by a prefabricated, with the respective Basic structural elements or metal supporting structure connected from these prefabricated components. These four basic components consist in particular of a three-shell, with preformed one Finished, non-load-bearing wall element, a wavy, massive Supplementary piece, a periodically trapezoidal profiled plate and a ceiling dome.

With the help of these prefabricated, compression-molded basic components the most diverse wall constructions1 simple connections between between the individual calf elements and between the wall elements and the ceiling, the floor, windows or doors etc. The four basic building elements made of the same material, namely one made of organic fibers and one Resin-based binders consist of existing niche material, with variations the starting materials and the mixing ratio for the materials of the individual Basic components can be made, the essential prefabricated components of the construction system according to the invention at a single production site with a minimum Number of pressing tools are produced. With the system according to the invention can a variety of aesthetic house shapes for a wide variety of living requirements can be realized at the lowest cost per house.

The subclaims contain advantageous refinements of the building system in particular the multi-layer wall element, of the massive profiled Supplementary piece, the periodically trapezoidal profiled plate, the ceiling dome, which is inserted in a particularly advantageously designed support grid, from Support supports of the metal support structure and a particularly simple and effective one Fan1 listed.

Other features, advantages and uses of the present Invention emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the construction system according to the invention in connection with the figures.

It shows: FIG. 1 a horizontal section through a three-shell Wall element, Figure 2 shows a vertical section through a three-shell wall element with floor and ceiling connection, Figure 3 shows a horizontal section through a supplementary piece, Figure 4a-e horizontal sections through various wall nodes, Figure 5 a horizontal Section through a metal hollow profile, Figure 6 is a vertical section through a periodically trapezoidal profiled plate, FIG. 7a a horizontal section through a honeycomb. "wall with node connection, Figure 7b shows a vertical Section through a honeycomb wall with floor connection, Figure 8a a horizontal section through a braided wall with node connection, FIG. 8b shows a vertical section through a plaited wall with a floor connection, FIG. 9 a vertical section through a window with upper and lower connection, FIG. 10 a vertical section through a louver with upper and lower connection, figure tla a horizontal section through one Connection between a window and a wall element, figure lib a horizontal one Section through a connection between a window and a Louver, Figure 12 a horizontal section through a connection between a door and a wall element, FIG. 13 shows a vertical section through a ceiling with a connection to the wall elements, FIG. 14 shows an enlarged partial section of FIG. 13, and FIG. 15 shows a vertical section Section through a roof with a fan, FIG. 16 a side plan view a roof with a fan, FIG. 17 shows a plan view of a crossing point of a support grid, FIG. 18 a section along the line a-a of FIG. 17, FIG 19 a horizontal section in the middle area of a point of intersection of the girder grid, FIG. 20 shows a section along the line b-b in FIG. 19 and FIG. 21 shows a horizontal one Section through a support column with connected wall elements.

In Figure 1 is a three-shell spiral element 1 with two outer shells 2 and 3 and a middle shell 4 are shown.

The shells 2, 3 and 4 consist of a mixed material of organic Fibers and a synthetic resin-based binder. As organic fiber are those with a framework used, such as wood fiber, straw, sugar cane bagasse, Types of grass or jute sticks. The preferred binding agent is phenolic resin or urea formaldehyde used. The outer shells 2, 3 are identical pressed parts that are in the wall element 1 are arranged reversed to each other. The outer shells 2, 3 point inside of the wall element projecting reinforcing ribs 5, which essentially the thickness of the three-shell wall element 1. In the places where the reinforcement ribs protrude into the interior of the wall element are on the outer skin for prelutechnical reasons the outer shells 2, 3 notches 6 available, which the otherwise smooth wall surface with structure a visually advantageous rhythmization. The first rib has from the two lateral ends of the wall element 1 each have a different distance, namely s and s2, so that the reinforcing ribs 5, which in the remaining area of the wall element 1 have the same distance s from one another, which is laterally reversed outer shells 2, 3 arranged to one another are each slightly offset laterally, namely just around the difference s2 - sl are arranged. The middle shell 4 points in the area the mutually offset reinforcing ribs 5 of the outer shells 2, 3 are S-shaped Reinforcing ribs 7, which are connected to the reinforcing ribs 5 of the outer shells 2, 3 are rigidly engaged in connection. The reinforcing ribs 5 are with the s-shaped Ribs 7 of the middle shell 4 connected, preferably glued under pressure and application of heat, E.g. infrared radiation, with the ribs 5 and 7 as large contact surfaces as possible have to ensure a firm adhesive bond.

At the lateral ends 8 of the wall element 1 are the outer shells 2.3 angled inwards at an angle of 45 to form a central one Gap 9. Located in these angled lateral end sections of the wall element 1 a supplementary piece 10 t that is still in detail, especially in context with the figure 3 is described. This supplementary piece 10 is preferably with the outer shells 2, 3 glued.

In the middle area, the outer shells 2, 3 point inwards protruding double rib 11. If you put the outer shells 2, 3, omitting the middle shell 4 directly reversed to one another, this results in a normal door leaf thickness, for example (see Figure 12). The double ribs 11 combine here to form a solid core. If you cut this core on two adjacent flanks, the result is for example a central stop where the two halves of the cut-up wall element respectively form a door leaf.

As shown in Figure 2, the wall element 1 in the outer shell 3 slots 12, 13, which allow ventilation (in the arrow direction of the wall element 1, cause in particular to dissipate the solar radiation heat from the middle shell 4. In the cavity 14 of the wall element 1 arranged in the direction of the interior of the house e.g. sand can be filled in for sound insulation. This is done, for example, via a closable opening 15 in the outer shell 2, in the case of inner walls, both Cavities in the wall element are filled with sand to provide even better sound insulation to achieve. In general, in the two cavities of the wall element each according to the requirements the most varied of materials to the most varied Insulation purposes are introduced.

For example, as shown in Figures 2 and 13, the upper end 16 is the wall member 1 in which ceiling slot 17 of a frame grid 18 inserted from the same Material like the wall element 1 is made. In the upper end 16, the wall element towards the middle a wedge-shaped lock 19, which is in the event of a lowering the ceiling can close. This is also used in the event of a slight deflection of the ceiling an unacceptably strong pressure on the non-load-bearing Wall elements prevented.

In a practical embodiment, the individual shells have 2, 3 and 4 of the wall element have a thickness of approximately 0.5 cm. The outer shells 2, 3 have 12 ribs (including double rib 11), sl about 7.5 cm, 52 is approximately 8.5 cm, and s is approximately 10.3 cm.

The wall element is approximately 125 cm wide, 250 cm high and 5.5 cm deep.

The described, non-load-bearing wall element has a sufficient Strength for the loads that may occur in practice, such as Impacts, wind, pre-tensioning, from assembly, etc. In Figure 5, there is a separate supplementary piece 10, which is made of the same material as the shells Y, 3 and 4 of the wall element 1 or how the frame grid 18 consists.

It should be noted that, of course, during the pressing process of the individual basic components different pressures may be used, or differences in other parameters essential for the pressing process may be present. The complementary piece 10 has an isosceles, right-angled triangular profile with a base side 20 and legs 21, which with each other an angle of 90 and each with the Form an angle of 45 ° on the base side.

The points of intersection of the legs 21 with the base side 20 are bevelled, wherein the resulting edge side 22 with the base side 20 preferably one Forms angle of 600. The folding of the supplementary pieces 10 enables the use of the same supplementary piece both as an insert in the side end 8 of the wall element 1 as well as a separate supplement to form a wall node. At the outer surface of a wall appearing supplementary pieces bevelled side 22 as a shadow element to absorb possible misalignments. In the base 20 of the supplementary piece 10 is a groove 23 and in the area of the A slot 24 is provided at the intersection of the legs 21. The groove 23 takes z * B. when installing the supplementary piece 10 in the lateral end 8 of a wall element 1 the ittelcchie 4 on (cf. e.g.

Figure 1). In addition, the groove 23 is also used, for example, to accommodate Frame parts for windows, louvers or doors, which is particularly evident in the figures lla, lib and 12 is shown.

In a practical embodiment the bases are approximate 5.4 cm, the legs about 3.8 cm, the depth of the groove about 0.3 cm and the Depth of slot 24 approximately 1 '+ cm in size. The flank of the groove 23 forms with the Base side 20 forms an angle of approximately 600 and the flank of the slot 2i with the horizontal an angle of approximately 0.

The supplementary piece 10 is in addition to its use as a supplementary piece in the lateral ends 8 of the wall element 1 and as a separate supplementary piece for the formation of wall nodes (val. Fig. 4a-e) e.g. also advantageous for stiffening of connections between walls and the floor (cf.

Figures 7b and 8b) or of frames for windows, louvers or doors (cf. Figure 11a, 11b, 12) can be used.

Various wall nodes are shown in FIGS. 4a-e. All Wall nodes essentially consist of two elements, namely the side closures of the wall elements 1 and additional supplementary pieces 10 nor fastening or sealing means.

In Figure 4a, a wall node is made up of four abutting one another at right angles Wall elements shown, with the knot stable without further fasteners is. In Figures 4b, c, d and e, a wall node with three is at right angles abutting wall elements and a supplementary piece, with two abutting Wall elements and two additional pieces and with a free-standing wall element and three supplementary pieces. At all land nodes remains in the collision of the wall elements and supplementary pieces a star-shaped, in particular cross-shaped Cavity 25 free, so as not to have continuous joints. Iii this cavity 25 of a knot can be used, for example, to attach the knot elements and Sealing a corresponding metal hollow profile 26, shown inFigur 5, introduced will. The metal hollow profile 26 has on its flanks issued by punching Rag on.

The lateral ends 8 of the wall elements 1 or the supplementary pieces 10 are pushed onto the corresponding parts of the hollow profile 26. Here the tabs 27 are pressed against the hollow profile 26. A removal of the postponed Parts is prevented by the tabs 27 by a kind of barb action. By Holes in the hollow profile can, if necessary, hollow rivets for complete locking to be pulled. The hollow profile 26 does not result in any continuous nodes in the wall Joints, but a kind of labyrinth seal creates a strong joint guide achieved.

In another advantageous embodiment of the wall node the fastening of rivets and the sealing by semi-elastic, in the cavity 25 imported plastic profiles were taken over. Other constructions for attachment and sealing of the wall nodes can be used.

In FIG. 6 there is a further basic component, namely a periodic one trapezoidal profiled plate 28, which is formed identically on both sides is presented, layed out. This plate also consists of a mixture of organic materials Fibrous materials and a binder. In a practical embodiment one The wavelength of such a plate is about 10 cm, the mountain width about 3.5 cm, the valley width about 3.2 cm, the wave height about 3.3 cm, the slope about 450 and the wall thickness about 0.5 cm, this wall thickness being in the flank tapers to about 0.33 cm.

This plate 28 has many uses in the present building system First of all, it can be used as a ceiling plate 56, as shown in FIGS. 13, 15 and 16 is shown.

If the individual plates 28 are reversed one on top of the other stacks to parcel egg, connecting the touching surfaces with each other, e.g. glued and cut the resulting stack into strips in the stacking direction, Each strip thus forms a transparent honeycomb wall 29, which is shown in FIGS. 7a and Fig. 7b is shown in section. This honeycomb panel 29 can be covered with two wall shells creating an extremely stable wall.

Stripes that appear as reversed interconnected panels are cut, can be offset against each other, #u an # opaque wattle wall 30 are assembled, which is shown in section in FIGS. 8a and 8b.

If adjacent strips of the braided wall 30 are offset by half Wavelength, so the strips can be on square bars 31, e.g. made of wood can exist, be threaded. Such a braided wall 30 can also be provided with wall shells be planked on both sides.

Two from a mountain width, a slope and a valley width of this Plate 28 existing strips 32 can be juxtaposed as a foot 33 for the honeycomb wall 29 or as a base 34 for the braided wall 30 can be used. In these foot pieces 33 and 34 are supplementary pieces 101 partially cut accordingly1 inserted for stiffening. One in the ground 35, which for example consist of asphalt slabs can, embedded reinforcement profile 36 or 37 completes the foot pieces 33 and 34. The clear wave height of the plate 28 here corresponds to half of the base side 20 of supplement 10.

Such a strip can also be used individually as a baseboard 38 for a normal wall element 1 can be used, as shown in Figure 2 The between the strip 38 and the wall element 1 llefirldliche intermediate space can by a corresponding Ergängssttück 10 are filled, the supplementary piece 10 together with a Angle 39 is fastened to the wall element 1 with the aid of rivets 40.

From a mountain width, a slope and a valley width of the plate 28 existing mitred strips can be beneficial for frames from Windows, louvers and doors can be used.

Since many such frames are required in a home, it can also be economical to design this frame as an additional one-piece pressed part.

As shown in Figures 11a and 11b, such a frame 41 has a step profile, which consists of two parallel step surfaces 42, 43, which together under one Angles of 450 are connected. At the end of the surface 42 there is a claw-shaped deformation 44 is provided, which is provided in the groove 23 of a connection node of the frame 41 Supplementary piece 10 engages on the # inside of the flank of this profile a triangular cross-section reinforcement 45 attached to accommodate the Supplementary pieces 10 are provided and stabilize the frame connection.

Finally, entire panel cutouts can be made on both of their front sides r 4 order from a mountain width of a slope and a valley width of this plate Strips are provided to be used as aricles.

From a mountain width, a slope and a valley width of the plate 28 existing strips can be used as protective strips 46 of a Louver field 47 as shown in FIG.

A door connection is shown in FIG. That of two directly with one another The door leaf 48 connected to the shells 2, 3 is on a door frame 49 attached by means of the hinges 50. The frame 49 is similar to the frame 41 built up, with the reinforcement 45 'on the Izzneseite in the area of the surface 42' is arranged in the frame 119 are a reinforcement profile 51 and additional pieces 10 arranged. This door connection is another example of the diverse range and coordinated application possibilities of the Grurlåbauelemelte des present building system.

Another basic component consists of a ceiling dome 52, the can be used in a ceiling construction according to FIGS. This ceiling dome also has a prefabricated compression-molded component a mixed material of organic fibers and a binder. The ceiling domes 52 serve as fillers for the individual grids in the ceiling construction shown of the support grate 53. The ceiling domes are on the lower straps 54 of the grate support parts elevated, e.g. in welded sheet metal parts 55. The ceiling domes 52 meet with this ceiling construction three tasks. First, they strengthen the girder grid 53 from crossing point to crossing point and ensure an overall very dimensionally stable Ceiling. In addition, together with the frame grid 18, they form a finished, aesthetic ceiling view from below.

Finally, they are used to accommodate or remove the accessible ones Ceiling top, which in the present case consists of a ceiling plate 56, which from the periodically trapezoidal profiled plate 28 is formed and is provided with a cast coating. The frame grid 18 is from below with the support ros 5 53 screwed. Here, the frame grid covers lo at the same time in terms of design demanding way the contact area of the ceiling dome 52 on the support grid 53. The Slot 17 of the frame grid 18 accommodates the upper egg 16 of the wall elements 1, a vertical relative movement between wall element and ceiling is possible, to prevent drafts from the ceiling in the wall. The frame grid 18 guides and holds the wall elements securely in the horizontal direction.

The support grid 53 consists of a ceiling of the present building system from a welded cold profile construction.

The support panels in both directions have the same overall height. the Crossings of the girders basically consist of pluggable connections, where all static requirements through a single screw connection are fulfilled. Every carrier part arriving at a crossing point can in principle be separately pluggable.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the support grid 53, in particular the crossing points is shown in FIGS. 17 to 20. The assembly of such a Grating is done in the following way. The carriers 57 are formed in one piece. At A first carrier 57 is first of all individual carrier parts at the intersection points 58 of the other carrier group and with bolts 65 on the one-piece carrier 57 attached. At the open ends of these carrier parts 58, a second one is made in one piece Carrier 57 put on and again at the individual crossing points with bolts 65 connected to the individual support parts 58, etc. This creates an entire support grid 53.

In detail, the carrier parts 58 are on their upper chord 59 and lower chord 60 each provided with protruding metal strips 6i, which have a Have thickening 62. Adjacent strips 61 meet at the crossing point to each other. A tab 63 with recesses 64 corresponding to the thickenings 62 is made with the aid a bolt 65 is pressed onto the abutting strips 61. The recesses 64 and the thickenings 62 cooperating with them enable a self-regulating Attachment of the crossing point.

In FIGS. 19 and 20 there are also special embodiments of the carrier itself shown, in particular the profiling of the one-piece carrier 57 and the carrier parts 58 of the other carrier group in the area of the crossing point it; which is similar in structure to the wall nodes discussed above.

The illustrated support grid 53, in particular the design of the Crossing points allow quick and safe assembly as only one bolt is used will. The support grid 53 can be mounted from one side, i.e. the grid can be lying on the ground, fully assembled. There was also the introduction of the ceiling domes 52 takes place in the individual cubes of the support grid 53 from above, can essentially the entire ceiling except for the frame grid 18 to be fastened from below on the floor to be assembled. A single person can therefore carry out the assembly without heavy lifting equipment and position the ceiling. The static conditions, i.e. the transmission of bending forces, normal forces, shear (support) forces of each support part in each with this carrier part linked at the two intersection points, both in the positive as well as negative are optimally fulfilled with this girder grid. aside from that the girder grating is force-locked without any slippage and is slightly pretensioned.

The house is preferred in hot and dry climates by a Device b # ftet, consisting of an asymmetrical conical or truncated pyramidal shape Fan 69 made of black Sheet metal or plastic, as in Figure 15, 16 shown consists.

The upper end 7 of the fan 69 can be closed with a flap 71, to avoid disruptive influences from wind, sand, rain, etc.

to exclude. When installed, the north side 72 of the Sheath 73 of the fan 69 perpendicular to the roof surface, while the slope of the mantle 73 from north to east, south, west back to north from 900 to 600, 45 600 changed back to 900. This shape of the fan 69 is the jacket 73 of the fan heated to the maximum during a diurnal cycle. The one so heated Jacket 73 gives off its thermal energy to the air in it and thus sets a thermal in progress, which affects the space between the ceiling plate 56 and the domes 52 exerts a suction effect. This will cause a build-up of heat under the ceiling plate 56 and thus a heat radiation into the house in the simplest possible way Way self-regulating completely avoided. Through external ventilation of this space Outside air can constantly enter the roof cavities via the ceiling plate 56, which is led to the outside are sucked in and escape again through the fan 69.

In Figure 21, a support bracket 66 of the building system is shown, which at corresponding grid points of the house absorb the vertical loads on the walls. The support bracket 66 consists of four outwardly positioned at the corners of a square Angle profiles 67 wherein the individual corners 68 of the angle profiles each with the diagonally opposite corner 68 are connected by a cross. The supports 66 can be made from individual parts as a welded profile or in one piece as an extruded profile getting produced. For example, steel or aluminum can be used as the material. The wall elements are introduced into the niches formed by the support bracket 66 and automatically fixed there.

Claims (66)

Claims Pre-fabricated system in a grid system, preferably for 1 {houses in countries with hot, dry climates, characterized by four of the same, consisting of organic fibers and a synthetic resin-based binder Iilaterial prefabricated, preßverformrnte basic construction elements (1, 10, 28, 52), the corresponding the various areas of application as wall, ceiling, door, connectors between Wall and each wall, ceiling, door or window, if necessary, cut to size and are connected to each other without screws, and by a prefabricated, with the respective basic components or prefabricated components made from them connected metal support structure (66, 53). 2. Building system according to claim 1, characterized in that a first Basic building element made of a triple shell, provided with preformed ends Wall element (i) consists. 3. Construction system according to claim 2, characterized in that the two Outer shells (2, 3) of the three-shell wall element (1) made of identical pressed parts exist, which are laterally connected to each other via a central shell (4). 4. Construction system according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer shells (2, 3) have reinforcing ribs (5l) protruding into the interior of the wall element (1), the corresponding reinforcing ribs (7) of the middle shell (4) are torsion-resistant are connected. 5. Construction system according to claim 4, characterized in that the reinforcing ribs (5) of the outer shells (2, 3) each with the reinforcing ribs (7) of the middle shell (4) are glued. 6. Building system according to claims 2 to 5, characterized in that that the outer shells (2, 3) in the middle area one into the interior of the wall element (1) have protruding double rib (11). 7. Building system according to claims 2 to 6, characterized in that that the lateral ends (8) of the wall element (1) from a bend of the enschalen (2, 3) are formed inwards under 450 8. Building system according to claim 7, characterized characterized in that between the angled outer shells (2, 3) on the side A central gap (9) is provided at the ends (8) of the wall element (1). 9. Building system according to claims 2 to 8, characterized in that that in the outer shell (3!, which forms the outer wall of the house, slots (12, 13) provided for ventilation of the outer cavity of the three-shell wall element (1) are. 10. Building system according to claims 2 to 9, characterized in that that the inner cavity (14) of the three-shell wall element (1) is filled with sand is. 11. Building system according to claims 2 to 10, characterized in that that with partition elements (1) inside the house area both cavities of the Wall element (1) are filled with sand. 12. Construction system according to claims 2 to 11, characterized in that that the wall elements (1) at its upper end (16), which is in connection with a Ceiling slot (17) has a wedge-shaped lock (19) towards the center. 13. Building system according to claim 1, characterized in that a second Basic component consists of a profiled, massive supplementary piece (10). 14. Building system according to claim 13, characterized in that the profile of the supplementary piece (10) essentially as an isosceles, right-angled one Triangle, the intersection of the legs (21) with the base (20) are bevelled and in the middle of the base side (20) a groove (23) and at the intersection the two legs (21) a slot (24) is provided. 15. Construction system according to claims 2 to 14, characterized in that that in the lateral ends (8) of the three-shell wall elements (1) EF supplementary pieces (10) are arranged. 16. Construction system according to claim 15, characterized in that the outer shells (2, 3) of the wall elements (i) are glued to one another via the supplementary pieces (10) are. 17. Building system according to claims 14 to 16, characterized in that that in the groove (23) on the base (20) of the professional triangle of the supplementary pieces (10) the middle shell (4) of the three-shell wall elements (1) is added. i8. Building system according to Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that that the preformed lateral terminations of the wall elements (1), if necessary add supplementary pieces (10) for abutting? #andeletnents (1) form a flush wall node. 19. Building system according to claim 18, characterized in that at four at right angles abutting wall elements (i) the prefabricated, lateral Terminations of the individual wall elements (1) without further fasteners form complete wall nodes. 20. Construction system according to claim 18, characterized in that at three at right angles abutting wall elements (1) the prefabricated, lateral Finishes of the three wall elements (1) and a supplementary piece (io) the complete Form flush wall nodes. 21. Construction system according to claim 18, characterized in that at two abutting wall elements (i) the prefabricated side closures of the two wall elements (1) and two additional pieces (io) the complete flush Form wall nodes. 22. Construction system according to claim 18, characterized in that at one free-standing wall element (i) the prefabricated, lateral closure of the wall element (1) and three additional pieces (1o) form the free-standing wall end piece. 23. Construction system according to claims 18 to 22, characterized in that that the wall node of abutting wall elements (1) or supplementary pieces (io) has a cavity (25) in the rem. 24. Construction system according to claim 23, characterized in that the cavity (25) is star-shaped. 25. Construction system according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that a metal hollow profile (26) is inserted into the cavity (25). 26. Building system according to claim 25, characterized in that the metal hollow profile (26) is made of sheet steel. 27. Construction system according to claims 25 or 26, characterized in that that the metal hollow profile (26) issued by punching, the fastening of the wall elements (1) or the extension piece (10) of a wall node has tabs (27) which take over. 28. Construction system according to claims 25 to 27, characterized in that that the wall element (1) with a metal hollow profile impressed at one side end (8) (26) forms a single prefabricated component. 29. Construction system according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the wall elements (1) or supplementary pieces (10) of a wall node are fastened by rivets and a plastic profile is arranged in the inner cavity (25) of a wall node is. 30. Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that a third Basic component made of a periodically trapezoidal profiled plate (28) whose Pages are formed identically, consists. 31. Construction system according to claim 30, characterized in that a ceiling plate (56) consists of such a periodically trapezoidal profiled plate (28). 32. Construction system according to claim 30, characterized in that each Stacked upside down to form parcels, each connected to one another Plates (28) cut into strips to form transparent honeycomb walls (29). 33. Building system according to claim 32, characterized in that the honeycomb wall (29) is planked with two wall shells. 34. Construction system according to claim 30, characterized in that against each other staggered strips made up of two reversed panels (28) are cut, put together to form an opaque braided wall (30) are. 35. Construction system according to claim 34, characterized in that adjacent Strip the braided wall (30) by half a wavelength of the periodically trapezoidal shape profiled plate (28) are offset from one another. 36. Construction system according to claim 35, characterized in that the strips are threaded on square bars (31). 37. Building system according to claims 34 to 36, characterized in ' that the wattle wall (30) is planked with two wall shells. 38. Construction system according to claim 30, characterized in that two are reversed Interconnected panels (28) form a sliding wall. 39. Construction system according to claim 30, characterized in that from one Mountain width, a slope and a valley width of this plate (28) existing strips (32) are provided as a skirting board (38). 40. Construction system according to claim 30, characterized in that one Mountain width, a slope and a valley width of this plate (28) existing strips are provided as protective strips (46) for Louver fields (47). 41. Construction system according to claim 30, characterized in that one Mountain width, a slope and a valley width of this plate (28) existing on Mitred strips intended for frames of windows, louvers and doors are. 42. Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that another Basic component as a square one-piece frame (41) for windows and louvers is provided which has a step profile in which the two parallel step surfaces (42, 43) are connected at an angle of 459 and the one at one end is claw-shaped Having deformation (44). 43. Building system according to claim 42, characterized in that the frame (41) has a reinforcement (45) that is triangular in cross section on the inside. 44. Bausysten according to claim 30, characterized in that the whole Panel cutouts, which on their two front sides with from a mountain width, one Slanting and a valley width of this plate (28) are provided, are provided as door leaves. 45. Construction system according to claim 30 and 32, characterized in that two of a mountain width, a slope and a valley width of this plate (28) existing strips (32) reversed against each other as a foot piece (33) are provided for the honeycomb wall (29). 46. Building system according to claims 30 and 34 to 36, characterized in that that two of a mountain width, a slope and a valley width of this plate exist Strips (32) reversed against each other as a foot piece (34) for the braided wall (30) are provided. 47. Building system according to claim 45 or 45, characterized in that the foot pieces v33, 34) are filled with additional pieces (10). 48. Dausystern according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeio et that the fourth The basic building element consists of a ceiling dome (52?. 49. Building system according to claim 48, characterized in that the ceiling domes (52) are inserted as a filler in a Metallträgerros t (53). 50. Bausnstem according to claims 31 and 49, characterized in that that on the Deckenkuppdh (52) and the support grid (53) a periodically trapezoidal shape profiled ceiling plate (56) is placed. 51. Construction system according to claim 49, characterized in that on the Underside of the support grid (53) filled with ceiling domes (52) is a frame grid (18) is attached that slots (17) for receiving the upper ends (16) the wall elements (i). 52. Building system according to claim 51, characterized in that the frame grid (18) made of the same, made of organic fibers and a binder based on synthetic resin existing material. 53. Construction system according to claim 49, characterized in that the support grid (53) consists of a welded cold profile construction, with the support panels have pluggable connections at their crossing points through a single Bolts (65) are held together. 54. Building system according to claim 53, characterized in that the carrier (57) of the one carrier group are integrally formed and the carrier of the other Carrier set consist of individual carrier parts (53) at the intersection points are pluggably connected to the one-piece carrier (57). 55. Bausysum according to claim 54, characterized in that the support parts (58) on their upper and lower chords (59, 60) with protruding metal strips (61) are provided. 56. Bausystetn according to claim 55, characterized in that the protruding Metal strips (61) in the installed state in the middle area of the upper or Lower chords of the one-piece support (57) of the other support group abut one another in the end area Have thickenings (62) and by means of a self-adjusting tab (63) a bolt (65) form a stable crossing point. 57. Building system according to claims 1 to 56, characterized by a Asymmetrical, truncated cone or truncated pyramid-shaped ventilators that can be inserted into the roof (69>. 58. Construction system according to claim 57, characterized in that the upper The end (70) of the fan (69) can be closed. 59. Building system according to claim 57 or 58, characterized in that When installed, the north side (72) of the jacket (73) of the fan (69) is vertical to the roof surface and the slope of the mantle (73) from north, south, Changed west back to north from 900 to 600, 450 600 back to 900. 60. Building system according to claims 57 to 59, characterized in that that the fan (69) consists of black sheet metal or plastic. 61. Building system according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal support structure consists of supports (66), the four placed in the corners of a square to the outside Have angle profiles (67), the corners (68) of the angle profiles (67) in each case with the diagonally opposite corner (68) are connected by a cross. 62. Building system according to claim 51, characterized in that the support supports (66) consist of individual parts welded together. 63. Building system according to claim 61, characterized in that the support supports (66) consist of a single extruded profile. 64. Building system according to claims 61 to 63, characterized in that that the supports (66) are made of steel or aluminum. 65. Building system according to claims 1 to 64, characterized in that that the organic fibers form a framework for the material of the basic structural elements and e.g. made of wood fibers, straw, sugar cane bagasse, types of grass or jute sticks exist. 66. Building system according to claims 1 to 64, characterized in that that the binder for the material of the basic structural elements is made of phenolic resin or urea formaldehyde consists.