DE2442058C2 - Expansion for underground spaces, especially in tunnel and underground mining, and the method for introducing this expansion - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an expansion for underground spaces, in particular in tunnel and underground mining and procedures for incorporating this expansion,

ίο ζ. B. to route expansion, in which one on the mountains attached adhesive layer, a base layer, in particular made of concrete and a waterproofing provided which is formed by a plastic film arranged between the base layer and the adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer consists at least partially of plastic, in particular plastic fiber fleece, furthermore a special method for introducing the lining according to the invention.

Such an expansion is often introduced in places where water is stuck or where it is stuck Water must be expected. These waters are usually under a more or less strong hydrostatic overpressure and should be retained or diverted by the film. When expanding the route It is often enough if the water in the roof and on the buttocks or the elms is sufficient is diverted onto the bottom and into the water sediment that is mostly taken along there. That's why it matters to attach the foils on the one hand in such a way that there is a gapless cover, which is also not through perforations may be damaged, results and on the other hand to ensure that no Damage can occur and the expansion retains its ability to drain off the water.

A generic expansion is known from CH-PS 4 41 417. There is shown an expansion that from an inner concrete vault and an outer protective layer of shotcrete applied to the rock consists; A two-layer sealing element is located between the load-bearing concrete vault and the protective layer. The outer layer of the sealing element is elastically resilient and should in particular made of an open-cell plastic, e.g. B. consist of a polyamide foam. This is followed by a plastic film, ζ. B. a PVC film. This has a low tear resistance and is therefore reinforced with an inner fleece. CH-PS 4 41 417 also contains a process after which such an expansion is to be introduced. After that the different layers of the sealing element applied in layers. In particular, it is intended to glue the individual layers. With such a way of working, even the application of the layers is technically great Difficulties, since the gluing of individual layers of a sealing element among the difficult Conditions of underground conditions must be achieved. Furthermore, by gluing the function of the outer layer is adversely affected because such bonding causes the open pores of the Plastic foam are closed. In addition, however, a considerable hydrostatic build-up also builds up Pressure behind the bond, which ultimately leads to the sealing element tearing off before the concrete vault is made. The sealing element is then damaged, in particular in its film layer. Such damage is difficult to undo. But they lead in the finished Expansion to leaks that can hardly be eliminated later

let go.

Various staples, as they can also be used in the present method, are in "Road and civil engineering" 6/1970, pp. 493-504 described. In the cases shown, however, one staples the film directly on the mountains and is then of course forced to de perforations; Slide either to be subsequently reversed or to be made tight again from the start using certain elements, which in turn cover the perforation.

The invention is based on the object of improving such an expansion so that it is technically functional can be introduced more easily and without the risk of damage, even from sensitive foils largely protects the film from damage when the expansion is introduced.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that between the plastic film and the support layer an inner layer consisting of a synthetic fiber fleece is introduced, the adhesive layer with the Plastic film and the plastic film are point-welded to the inner plastic fiber fleece.

By means of the invention, water that has accumulated is diverted from the outer plastic fiber fleece and, at a predetermined point in the underground space, into a drainage system, for example into the water bank in the case of a stretch of road. This outer plastic fleece is preferably made of plastic fibers, e.g. B. polyester fibers. These fibers can be held together with an acrylate binder, which solidifies the plastic fleece. Such a synthetic fiber fleece can with approx. 450 g / m ² and a water pressure of 100 mm water column 90, but with a water pressure of 200 mm water column already 17Om ³ per m ² / h passage (test area 12.56 cm ² and test duration at least 1 min).

Such fleeces can, because they are made of the same material, welded to a plastic film will. If necessary, however, the material of the plastic fleece can also be based on the material of the Slide to be matched.

This includes a film that has about 45 to 50% by weight of a stress corrosion cracking corrosion of A mixture of an ethylene copolymer and a small amount of bitumen, which lasted over 6000 hours about 40% by weight from optionally 30% by weight ash (based on the anthracite dust content) and optionally an upper grain limit of up to 30 μ with anthracite dust and residual high-pressure polyethylene consists.

In particular, the mixture contains at least 27 wt .-% of a thermoplastic molding composition, which from an Olifin polymer mixed with bitumen in a ratio of 50:50 parts by weight, the Polymer is preferably a copolymer of ethylene and an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester and as bitumen Ordinary distillation bitumen with a penetration according to DIN 1995 between 10 and 301/10 mm is used will. In such a mixture, the pulverized coal can constitute about 55 to 60 percent by weight. Such Foils are z. B. from DE-OS 19 48 526 and from DE-OS 21 56 792 known. They have proven themselves because they are resistant to aging and have excellent properties have, which also includes special elasticity. In contrast to all plastic films, there are those Films are also cheaper because · they contain a large proportion of anthracite dust, which is used to fill the plastic-bitumen mixture is used.

The point-like welding of the synthetic fiber fleece with the plastic film takes place at intervals that depend on the strength of the Kunststoffaservüeses on the one hand and its location, on the other hand, depends on the ridge of the polygonal deflection Therefore, there are fewer numbers on the walls or elm areas, for example when extending the route of fortification points than in the roof.

ίο While the outer fleece serves as a water-draining drainage layer and as a protective layer bridges the roughness of the mountain or the protective layer following the mountain, namely the nests or ridges there and ultimately also serves as an adhesive layer for the subsequent layers, the inner fleece has the task to protect the foils from damage caused by the subsequent work. This fleece can therefore in principle also consist of other materials than the outer fleece, provided that the same type is guaranteed, which is a prerequisite for the welding of the outer fleece to the plastic film. Behind the extension according to the invention and in front of the rock or the protective layer applied to the rock there is thus a seal consisting of a three-part composite, the individual layers of which are connected to one another at points. In this way an optimal expansion behavior of the entire sealing layer is guaranteed.
In principle, the welding can be carried out by any type of heat supply, for example with the aid of a hot air welding device or a hot wedge. However, these methods that have been used in practice so far have certain disadvantages with regard to their handling and their work progress. Therefore, according to the invention, the welding is carried out with a stationary ultrasonic welding device which is known per se. This embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the nonwoven can be welded to the film through the film without melting or destroying it. The work in progress is correspondingly larger and can be done so frequently in particular in the ceiling and the roof zone by a corresponding plurality of attachment points that the polygonal deflection, au ¹ limits a minimum. Since ultrasonic welding causes the welding heat through the oscillation of the molecules, it is irrelevant whether the respective subsurface, i.e. above all the mountains or the applied protective layer, is damp or even wet. The weld is relatively small. It has an average diameter of about 5 to 10 mm.

The welding can be carried out without filler material if the foil is of the same type with respect to the fleece Material.

V) The invention is based on the in the Drawings illustrated embodiments explained in more detail. It shows

Fig. 1 a route or tunnel expansion with a Pressurized water retaining seal according to the invention and

2 shows a route or tunnel extension with a seepage water seal according to the invention.

Identical reference symbols denote in the figures corresponding parts.

The load-bearing expansion consists of an inner vault made of in-situ concrete 1. Between this load-bearing Expansion and the mountains shown at 2 or the security applied to the mountains

layer 3, which can consist of shotcrete, for example, is the sealing described below:

A synthetic fiber fleece 4 is at a certain number of points with the protective layer 3 by weft or firing pin and / or expansion anchor fastened with screws. At a large number of points is on that of The outer layer formed on the plastic fiber fleece is welded onto a plastic film 5. The plastic film forms the seepage water or pressurized water retaining seal and also serves as an adhesive layer for the subsequent inner layer 6, which in turn consists of a plastic fiber fleece, which is punctiform with the Foil 5 is welded.

The diagonal lines 7 and 8 in Fig. 1 are used for Reproduction of the ridges 9, the elms 10 and 11 and the Sole 13.

In the expansion according to FIG. 2 drainage is provided at 14. In addition, the sole 13 has a Roadway drainage 15. The sole carries a leveling layer 16 made of concrete, a so-called full-depth layer 17 and a concrete track 18.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

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Claims (8)

Patent claims: 1. Expansion for underground spaces, especially in tunnel and underground mining, ζ. B. in route expansion, in which an adhesive layer attached to the rock, a base layer, in particular made of concrete, and a waterproofing is provided, which is provided by one between the base layer and the adhesive layer arranged plastic film is formed, the adhesive layer at least partially Plastic, in particular plastic fiber fleece, according to Patent 24 00 866, characterized in that that between the plastic film (5) and the support layer (1) an inner, from one Plastic fiber fleece existing layer (6) is introduced, the adhesive layer (4) with the plastic film (5) and the plastic film (5) welded point-like to the inner plastic fiber fleece (6) are. 2. Expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic film (5) made of a thermoplastic consists and the synthetic fiber fleece (4 and 6) made of polyester fibers with acrylate binders are. 3. Expansion according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the plastic film (5) to about 45 to 50% by weight of a mixture of a mixture exhibiting stress corrosion for more than 6000 hours Ethylene copolymer and a small amount of bitumen, about 40% by weight, if necessary 30% by weight of ash (based on the anthracite dust content) and, if necessary, an upper grain limit of up to to the 30 μ exhibiting anthracite dust and remaining high-pressure polyethylene. 4. Expansion according to claim 3, characterized in that the mixture is at least 27% by weight thermoplastic molding compound, which is mixed with bitumen in a ratio of 50:50 parts by weight Olifin polymer consists, the polymer preferably copolymers of ethylene and of an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester and the bitumen is ordinary distillation bitumen with a Penetration according to DIN 1995 between 10 and 301/10 mm is used and the coal dust about 55 to 60% by weight. 5. Expansion according to claim 1 and one or more of the following claims, characterized in that that the film (5) is coated on one or both sides. 6. A method for introducing the support according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the outer plastic fiber fleece (4) at a number dependent on the permissible deflection from points in a known manner on the mountain (2) or its protective layer (3) and then the film is welded in strips, whereupon the inner plastic fiber fleece (6) on the by welding attached film (5) is welded on. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the welds are known per se With the help of ultrasound through the plastic film (5) or the inner plastic fiber fleece (6) can be made through. 8. The method according to claim 6, characterized by the use of a firing pin or firing pin and / or expansion dowels with screws for fastening the outer plastic fiber fleece on the Mountains (2) or its protective layer (3).