DE2423470A1 - PROCEDURE FOR CONTINUOUS COLORING - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS ^^

Dlpl.-lng. P.WIRTH Dr. V. SCHMIED-KOWARZIK Dlpl.-lng. G. DANNENBERG Dr. P. WEINHOLD Dr. D. GUDEL

281134 β FRANKFURTAM MAIN

TELEPHONE C0611J

287014 GR. ESCHENHEIMER STRASSE

Case MF.1862 + MF.1884
Wd / Sch

MOJITJiFIBRE S.p.A. Tim PoIa 14 Hailand / I-Ulien

Continuous dyeing method.

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The present invention relates to a method for continuous dyeing of textile materials (threads, yarns and appropriate! Tissues) using a * special dye bath; in particular, the invention relates to a method in which textile thread, yarn and fabric of any kind uniformly or in patterns ("space-dyed") with Two- or multi-color effects are dyed in a dyebath that contains a solvent that is in the aqueous dye dispersion or solution is emulsified.

The present invention also relates to the products obtained by this process.

The term "textile material" used here refers to fibers of all types and origins, such as continuous fibers, textured Fibers or staple fibers, as well as objects made therefrom, in particular fabrics.

It is known that the dyeing of textile thread and yarn has so far only been carried out in a discontinuous process, both when dyeing with one color as well as with multiple colors. All conventional methods rely on the principle of the aqueous bath to apply the dye to the fiber transferred to. Since this process is carried out discontinuously, it is already complicated when coloring bits of one color and becomes even more complicated and inconvenient when several different colors are to be obtained. For . in the latter case, two main methods are used, namely printing method and random space dyeing method.

The printing may be either of strands (for example, with an ⁿ Timmer "-Mas chine) of parallel tows (for example by the Stalwart-Pickering, Fleissner and Zaza method of CTM) on spiral-wound yarn lying on conveyor belts (Crump- Process), or on tubular knitted fabrics,

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which are taken down after the dye has been fixed ("knit-de-knit" method ^ are carried out.

Dyeing is generally carried out as follows:

1) by partial, regulated immersion of various Dividing the strands into different dye baths; or

2) by intermittently spraying a dye solution a yarn cable using turntables (Daito-Eastern method) j or

3) by spraying dye using a syringe onto a reel (Astro-Dyed method) or onto a strand, which is located on a hollow, cylindrical support (Vald-Henriksen method).

In addition to other "space-dyeing" processes, the process must also mentioned that on the spraying of drops of paint on the finished item (TAK-Kusters and Polychromatic-I.C.I.), and which were developed with the aim of obtaining multicolored stain and polka-dot effects on textile surfaces, in particular in floor coverings.

In all of the processes mentioned, after the dyeing stage, it is necessary to perform one or more of the following stages:

- drying if necessary

- Fixing of the dye by steam or by heat treatment

- washing and drying

- Winding the thread.

The previously known methods have several disadvantages.

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The procedures in which strands are dyed are not only batchwise, but also set different treatments the yarn ahead; in the other apparently continuous processes for printing on tapes or knitted fabrics one has a slow production speed, and the possibilities of effects are narrowly limited.

Another space dyeing (O.P.I.) process »that recently has been proposed is that threads are continuously dyed in an aqueous dye solution; just however, because of this, it is with this latter method not possible to dye more than 8 threads at the same time, whereby a very low productivity is obtained, although it is somewhat higher than the above-mentioned processes.

On the other hand, it has long been known to dye fabrics continuously, either entirely from natural ones Fibers or blends with synthetic fibers. One of the most famous procedures, in particular For dyeing fabrics made of polyester and cellulose fibers, the so-called "Termosol" process is based on the property of the plastosoluble dyes is based on adhering to the polyester fiber through heat treatment.

However, this process may not be advantageous for continuous Dyeing fabrics made exclusively from synthetic fibers can be used.

The hydrophobic nature of the synthetic fibers is an obstacle to an even and deep impregnation of the fabric by an aqueous dye bath. In practice, this leads to an uneven spreading of the dye on the fabric and consequently to an irregular coloring.

The object of the present invention is therefore to create a method for the continuous dyeing of threads, yarns and fabrics which do not have the above-mentioned drawbacks and which also give very high productivity and extremely

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is versatile. In the process according to the invention, uniform dyeings are also obtained at high speed and with constant uniformity.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method in which it is possible to have an unlimited Number of different colors on textile material!

It has now been found that it is possible to achieve the objects of the invention by using a padding bath ("padding bath ") an emulsion of the" oil-in-water "type applies, in which the solvent is an organic, chlorine-containing, with water

X -

is immiscible compound, which is the internal phase, while the water, in which the dyes are dispersed or dissolved, is the external phase; and by using, as the emulsifying agent, a combination of urea with one of the emulsifying agents commonly used in making "oil-in-water" type emulsions. The halogen-containing solvent has a vapor pressure of 55 to 60 mm Hg at 20 ^° C .; trichlorethylene is preferably used as an organic, chlorine-containing, water-immiscible compound.

By "emulsifying agent used to make oil-in-water type emulsions" all anion-activated, Cation-activated and non-ionic substances are meant that are able to disperse the "oil" in the water. Of these Substances are used for the process according to the invention in practice the polyglycol esters of carboxylic acids having a high molecular weight are preferred. The following products of the above Kinds which are well suited for use according to the invention are commercially available: G-300 (Atlas), Emulsifier S-1000 (Sandoz), Emulsifier U (Bayer) etc.

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The padding liquor obtained in this manner enables _/ excellent "emulsification" of dyes, in particular both of the dispersed to reach as well as the acid. In addition, such a pad bath is self-thickening, which means that the dye is evenly distributed without the need to add a thickening agent.

In order to ensure the uniformity of the coloring - especially in the case of mixtures of dispersed dyes - it is advisable to add a conventional dispersant to the pad bath, e.g. an ethylene oxide castor oil condensate (Emulson EL-Montedison) admit.

The addition of impregnating agents, if necessary, made results in a uniform impregnation of the textile materials.

If acid dyes are used, a compound that acts as an acid developer such as e.g. ethyl lactate, mixed with the pad bath.

The pad device ("pad") in which the textile material is impregnated with the dye-containing emulsion is equipped with nip rollers provided, which are made of a material that against The organic, chlorine-containing solvent used is resistant. In general, these rollers are preferably made with polytetrafluoroethylene coated.

The padded textile material is then dried in a chamber]

dries, in which air heated to about 50 - 70 ° C circulates

The air leaving this chamber and containing solvents is sent to a recovery plant. The dried one Textile material is then conveyed to a heat treatment chamber for color development, in which an approx

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Ί7Ο - 200 ⁰ C heated flowable material circulates, and is left in it for about 60 - 300 seconds. In general, a special air-steam remeuse or high-temperature evaporation device is used for this treatment.

Thereafter, the dyed fabric is repeatedly cold and hot by a conventional continuous washing method washed and finally dried.

The following examples serve to explain the technical use of the present invention, but without restricting it.

Examples 1-4

A) Preparation of the dye bath

15 g of Palanil Yellow G (BASF), 20 g of Palanil bright Pink REL and 7 g of Palanil Blue were in 100 ecm of water containing 10 g Emulson EL (Montedison) dispersed. A solution consisting of 50 ecm of water, 5 g of Ewalgierungsmittel G-1300 (Atlas) and 50 g of urea was prepared separately. The obtained aqueous solution was mixed with an aqueous dispersion of the above prepared dye mixed. Then 800 ecm of trichlorethylene were gradually added to the mixture obtained with stirring given.

B) dyeing

A polyester thread which had been textured at room temperature and which had a Tex number of 167/30 dtex was used in the usual texturing or winding speed at room temperature passed through the bath described under A).

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The yarn impregnated in this way was collected in spinning cakes or reels at the usual speed, ie at the speed of the collecting machines. The collected textured polyester thread was essentially free of organic solvents (which evaporated spontaneously due to the thread speed) and had a low moisture content. He was subjected to a 50 minutes lasting fixing treatment in an autoclave at 13O ° C and then at 80 - washed 90 ⁰ C in a bath containing sodium hydrogen sulfite (2 g / l) caustic soda 36 ° Baume (4 g / l) and was dried detergent (1 g / l) containing, in a standard apparatus ( "Cake- or spool dyeing device) .After the thread centrifuged at 90 ⁰ C, it showed a uniform brown color, if the entire Thread had been impregnated evenly; the same thread exhibited two-color dyeing ( ⁿ space-dye ^M ) with hues ranging from light beige to brown when it was intentionally impregnated unevenly.

In both cases the thread excelled Resistance to the various agents and a high dye yield.

C) The above-described polyester thread was texturized by the so-called FT method (“false twisting ¹¹ ) and by subsequent steam treatment. During this treatment, the thread elasticity was reduced and the color was fixed at the same time.

The same procedure was used with a polyester ^{thread which had been textured according to the "FT method 11} , after which the thread - shortly before it was collected in reels - was impregnated. At the same time, the elasticity of the thread was fixed and the thread twisted if necessary and fix the color continuously in a device equipped with an oven of the type TRS Ratti, SOTEXA, etc. The

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same procedure was followed with the same results in one Polyester thread during the "FFT" type texturing treatment ("false fixed twisting") carried out, which is carried out in a device which is equipped with two fixing ovens and where the impregnation with the emulsion according to point A) after the "FT" stage ("false twisting"), but before the fixing F is made in the second furnace. The fixing of the color was carried out during stage F and according to the modalities of this Stage carried out. The washing and drying were carried out according to the method described under B).

D) Similar results were obtained with raw, unstretched Polyester, when using a stretch texturing process as well as the processes described above, the stretching process took place in the same device shortly before or at the same time as the FT procedure.

E) By continuously applying the same emulsion A to a continuous thread with the Tex number 167/30 dtex, directly Before the thread entered the FT oven of the texturing device, it was possible to simultaneously texturize the Thread and its uniform or differentiated coloring.

When performing the color fixation steps according to B, C, D and E, was it possible to use "space-dyed" multi-color effects in different blue, beige and gray tones. These multicolor effects can be varied by adjusting the contact time between thread and Impregnation bath changed; this time is generally set by the speed of rotation of the dye feeding cylinder is varied (especially if it is not possible to regulate the thread speed).

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- 10 examples 5-6

In addition to the emulsion A of Example 1, the emulsion A ^f described below was prepared.

A ¹ - A second bath was prepared according to the preparation conditions for emulsion A, replacing the three palanil dyes with 20 g Foran Blue SE-2R (Sandoz).

In order to achieve a multicolor effect, the thread, which had only been impregnated with emulsion A during stages B, C, D and E, was now first passed through emulsion A and immediately thereafter through bath A ¹ . A non-uniform impregnation was carried out in both baths.

Example 9

20 g of Nylomin Red A2 BS (I.CI.) were dissolved in 70 ecm of water. A solution consisting of 50 ecm of water and 10 g of emulsifying agent G-1300 (Atlas), consisting of 100 g urea and 30 g ethyl lactate, was prepared separately.

The two aqueous solutions were mixed together, and trichlorethylene was added to the resulting mixture until a bath with a total volume of 1 liter was obtained. A 66 polyamide thread with a Tex number of 1320/68 dtex was passed through the bath at room temperature and at standard winding speed. The color was when printing 0.2-0.3 ata fixed with steam (in a conventional device that works either continuously or intermittently).

After washing and drying, a thread was obtained which was either uniformly red or red in various intensities (from pink to red), depending on the type of impregnation (uniform or not).

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In order to achieve multicolor effects with the polyamides, it was sufficient to have at least a second emulsion with an acid dye that was a different shade than Nylamin Red A2 BS.

Example 10

20 g of Basacryl Red FL (BASF) were in 20 ecm of glacial acetic acid dissolved, and then 80 ecm of water were added. A separate solution was then made up consisting of 50 ecm of water, 100 g Urea, 10 g G-1300 (Atlas) and 10 g Lyogen P (Sandoz, Polysulfonate). (An equal amount of oleic acid can be used instead of Lyogen P.)

The two solutions were then mixed together, and the resulting mixture was gradually added with stirring added to trichlorethylene, the volume being made up to 1 liter became.

Then an acrylic filament with a Tex number of 70/25 dtex passed through this emulsion at room temperature at winding speed.

The impregnated thread was set and then in devices that operate either continuously or intermittently washed and dried using conventional methods. He pointed a uniform or differentiated red color (depending on the impregnation conditions).

The durability and yield were in no case inferior to those of the conventional methods.

In this case, too, aesthetic multicolor effects were achieved by using a second bath.

Example 11

The bath according to Example 9 was used for dyeing pure wool threads

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used with different tex numbers. One received in everyone Case in point are extremely fast colorations which were perfectly satisfactory for commercial use.

Example 12

A) Preparation of the pad bath

50 g Somaron Blue TR (Hoechst) were in 150 ecm water, the 5 g Rapid Netzer RBD (BASF) and 10 g Emulson EL (Montedison) contained, dispersed. It also made a separate solution made from 50 ecm of water, 5 g of G-300 (Atlas) and 50 g Urea. The obtained aqueous solution was mixed with the previously prepared aqueous dye dispersion. The mixture obtained was gradually mixed with 750 g of trichlorethylene with stirring.

B) dyeing

A textured polyester fabric with a weight of 150 g / m was transported at a speed of 20 m / minute the emulsion described under A) padded.

After padding, the fabric in a chamber that was mounted above the pad device, and wherein C "heated air circulated to 50-70 ⁰ in a counter-current was dried The trichlorethylene containing air which left the chamber, -. ■ was in a with Activated charcoal charged recovery device passed.

The dried fabric was passed to a "rameuse ^11-mixture air-steam at 185 ⁰ C heated for color development by a left therein and 60 seconds, after which it was then washed in an aqueous bath and dried.

The dyed fabric showed a very uniform blue dyeing with a very high dyeing yield and good durability against the various means.

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Example 13

Following the conditions of Example 12, a pad bath was established prepared, the 30 g Nylomin Red 2 BS (I.C.I.) »50 g urea, 5 g emulsifier U (Bayer), 5 g Rapid Netzer RBD (BASF) and 30 g Contained ethyl lactate.

The emulsion was used to form a woven fabric made of polyamide fibers (nylon 66) under the same conditions as in Example 12 to pad for the production of rainproof products.

After padding, drying, the air-steam heat treatment at 200 ^° C. and washing, the fabric had a red hue, with a very high dyebath yield and good resistance to various agents.

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Claims (8)

Claims 1. A method for the continuous dyeing of textile material, in particular threads, yarns and fabrics, characterized in that that the material is passed through a pad bath consisting of an emulsion of the "oil-in-water" type, The solvent is an organic, chlorine-containing, water-immiscible compound that forms the inner phase represents, and water, in which the dyes are dispersed or dissolved, comprises as the outer phase, and that with this bath impregnated textile material is subjected to a heat treatment. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound which is used as an organic, chlorine-containing, water-immiscible solvent has a vapor pressure of about 55 to 60 mm Hg at 20 ⁰ C and is preferably triehloroethylene. · 3. The method according to claim 1-2, characterized in that urea is used as a stabilizing agent, preferably in combination with an emulsifying agent of the type normally used for the preparation of emulsions of the ^H oil-in-water "type. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a polyglycol ester of a carboxylic acid having a high molecular weight is used as the emulsifying agent for producing the emulsion of the "oil-in-water" type. 5. Method according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the pad bath contains a dispersant. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that a condensate of ethylene oxide and as a dispersant Castor oil is used. 409849/1029 7. The method according to claim 1-6, characterized in that - if acid dyes are used - the pad bath contains ethyl lactate. 8. The method according to claims 1-7, characterized in that the padded fabric at about 50 - about 60, and then to 300 seconds 70 ⁰ C dried to fix the dye at about 170-200 ⁰ C is treated. 4 0.9 849/1029