DE2415162C3 - Fire-proof mattress or cushion-like structure - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to a fire-proof mattress or upholstery-like structure with the characteristics of Preamble of claim 1. More specifically, the invention is designed to be fire-proof or flame-proof for mattresses, pillows, sleeping bags, cushions, as well as armchair or sofa upholstery.

Up until now it has been common practice in the manufacture of ironing board covers to use a coating of metal particles, z. B. made of aluminum, to be applied to the front or back of the coating for rapid heat dissipation to get. Mattress cover fabric materials are, however, generally comparatively thin and have a printed decorative pattern on their face. As a result, attaching a metal particle containing layer immediately on the front to obscure the decorative pattern and, if this Layer is attached to the back or the inside of the mattress cover fabric, results in a undesirable appearance of the coated coating, since the metal coating is visible to the viewer is when he looks at the outside of the covered article, e.g. Girier mattress. This observed effect is usually referred to as »Dürchblitiken«. In addition, this is called filit Cover fabric provided with a metal layer disadvantageously stiffens,

An upholstery body is made from DE'GM 18 87 438 elastic foamed polyurethane known, which consists essentially of an upper part made of elastic Foam and a lower part made of bonded by rubber or other elastic materials Fibers.

In DE-AS 15 39 709, inter alia, cushions and pillows are described that are used to derive a electrostatic surface charge of the human body at least two different layers own, one of which is electrically conductive.

ίο Usually a polyurethane foam will off that is stored in layers between a mattress cover and the filling or upholstery of the mattress, used to act as a self-extinguishing, insulating layer between the cover and the filling, to prevent accidental ignition of the mattress. It was found, however, that in places in which the polyurethane foam is reduced to a smaller part of its original thickness, for example from 12.7 or 153 mm to 3.2 or 1.6 mm, with the aid of fasteners such as means for Stapling or bundling together or squeezing the insulating properties of polyurethane foam be diminished or lost, and a lit cigarette affected by this compressed area is deposited, often inflammation of the cotton or other filling, which serves as a base for the layer of polyurethane foam, causes a smoldering Fire is kindled.

The object of the invention was to improve the fire resistance of a mattress-like or cushion-like structure improve that the disadvantages described above are avoided.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a metal-containing coating either on the Cover or on the side facing the filling on the resilient layer.

The metal content of the coating is used to quickly dissipate heat from all points where Heat is applied, with the metal-coated foam adjacent to a combustible pad or Is filler, which in turn rests on a fabric base, and all of the elements mentioned are connected by fastening means which locally compress the Polslerschaumschicht and thereby Their heat-insulating properties decrease in the compressed areas, creating heat from a heat source from the inflammation temperature of the upholstery and the filler material that compressed it Places is fed through the metal-containing coating is derived.

The invention compensates for the deficiencies outlined above by specifically defining them Places such as B. on edges or on bundled or stapled places, a thermally conductive layer of metallic material, usually a powdered or flaked metal, bound by a binder is held together. provides, whereby the heat in the places of the compressed foam with The help of the metal is diverted instead of being directed to the flammable material. The metallic coating can either be on the front of the foam, adjacent to the cover or on the Inside, adjacent to the filling area, preferably at the the latter, are to be found around the “flashing light” of the metal to prevent through the cover, the cover can be made of darna-like or loosely woven rayon fabric be and can own an ornamental muslin that

either printed or woven.

The drawings further illustrate the invention.

1 shows a damask-like or artificial silk fabric or a _{cover I 1} which is attached to a plastic upholstery foam 2 made of polyurethane, which in turn has a metal-containing coating 3. The cover and the metal-containing polyurethane foam layer are attached to the filling or the filler 4 by fastening means 6, such as. B. means for stapling or bundling, fastened or connected through the respective layers, including a fabric backing 5, such as e.g. B. muslin.

F i g. Figure 2 shows essentially the same structure, with the exception that the metal-containing coating 3a is on the surface of the polyurethane-containing foam layer adjacent to the cover rather than on the surface adjacent to the filling. The plastic foam cushion is usually about 0.25 in thickness to about 2.5 cm, with a density of about 0.113 kg to 4.54 kg per 0.02832 m ³ .

The structure according to the invention prevents the fibrous filling body of upholstery from burning, Armchair and sofa upholstery, pillows and mattresses and the like when a lighted cigarette or a light Matchstick in contact with the covering fabric or cover, including those containing fibers! Filler material comes, especially at the points where the plastic foam is locally secured by fasteners, such as B. means for stapling or bundling, to a thickness narrower than its usual thickness so is compressed, so that the self-extinguishing and insulating properties in an opposite The mode of action will be reversed, which will cause inflammation of the fibrous filler in the absence of this Metal. The ignited object may smolder or burn a small spot that is in direct contact with the burning segment of a cigarette, a match or the like. but the burning of this small spot quickly brings about the metal-containing coating, and as a result, the heat at this small point is quickly dissipated through the metal layer, whereby quickly the temperature of the burning or smoldering points or segments are lowered so that they extinguish themselves, and with the increase in the 4ί Temperature of the particularly easily combustible fibrous packing materials on the ignition or Combustion temperature is prevented.

The thickness of the metal-containing coating or layer can be approximately 0.013 to 0.153 mm, preferably vs 0.051 to 0.102 mm. The metal in the coating can be pulverized, the individual particles being bonded to one another with an organic, preferably non-combustible, binding agent, or the metal can be applied by chemical plating or by a γ, galvanizing process, in which case no organic binding agent is used. come over". On the other hand, the metal can be applied by sputtering or a metal evaporation method under vacuum, with a small amount of metal being evaporated in a vacuum. In this vacuum is the layer of broken or compressed foam and cover material, the hoof of the side of the cover material is covered with a protective film, e.g. made of polyethylene, to prevent it from being coated with the metal. If desired, the Schulz film can be removed after the plating process, a wide variety of metals such as aluminum, nickel, silver, bismuth, antimony, tin, gold and alloys such as stainless steel , Brass, bronze, tin solder with lead content, Wood's metal, etc., .. At present, aluminum is preferred.

When the metal is deposited by applying a coating composition having metal particles in a polymeric binder, the amount of metal can be about 25% by weight of the binder and preferably at least 40 to 50% by weight or even more thereof. The amount of the metal-containing coating is about 14.2 g to 113.4 g per 0.836 m ^2, and preferably 28.4 g to 56.7 g per 0.836 m ² .

The metal-containing layer may be continuous or in the form of a foamed or a be pressed foam layer, which is somewhat discontinuous, but has the advantage of more or less to be permeable, which means that it has a special breathability that makes it more comfortable for people which sit or lie on a pillow, cushion, mattress and the like, especially when it is hot Weather.

When the metal-containing layer is made from a mixture of powdered metal and binder is, the binder used should usually consist of a fire-resistant polymer, such as. B. made of polyvinyl chloride, Polyvinylidene chloride or another halogen-containing vinyl monomer. Independent depending on the choice of polymer used, it should be flexible rather than rigid Be polymeric.

Preferred mixtures are those which are based on aqueous dispersions of emulsion copolymers of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers with a C =CH2 radical including vinyl monomers, especially vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride or mixtures thereof. Since such monomers form hard and brittle homopolymers, they are copolymerized with monomers, so they are homopolymerized. Polymers result in that are soft and pliable. Examples of such monomers of the latter type are ethylene and ethyl acrylate. Butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, which are included in the general group of acrylic acid esters of alcohols with 1 to 18 or more carbon atoms, as well as amyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate and octadecyl methacrylate, which are included in the general class of methacrylic acid esters of alcohols with 5 to 18 carbon atoms . In addition, the copolymers can contain considerable amounts of other hard monomers such as e.g. B. styrene, vinyl toluene. Include acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate provided that the particularly soft monomer, in the amount used, is capable of providing the desired flexibility of the specially coated coating material for its intended use without the need to reduce the halogen-containing monomer to such an extent which would make the binder in the metal-containing layer in the readily combustible. The copolymers can also be small amounts, about 0.1 to 2 wt .-% of an acid, such as. B. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and itaconic acid to provide improved stability of the emulsion polymer and easy thickening by adjusting the pH of the system. Small amounts, about 0.5 to 5% by weight of other reactive substances can also be used

ger monomers to be included in the Mixed polymers and / or, in the preferred reaction of the mixture, metal-containing coating plus Binder with the intermediate plastic foam layer to self-crosslinking properties achieve, and they thereby get a chemical Bonding and the advantages of this type of bond between the metal-containing layer and the intermediate one Plastic foam layer.

The amount of powdered metal should typically be at least about 20 in such mixtures % By weight based on the total solids weight of the mixture, and preferably 40 to 50% by weight or make up more of the total solids weight.

The weight of the powdered metal in relation to the dry substance! The coating layer containing the coating should typically be in the range of 14.2 g to 113.4 g per 0.836 m ² , with a single or double coating being used. The metal particles can have a wide range of sizes. Thus, metal particles in the range of 0.02 to ₁ U are I mm, and preferably 0.03 to 0.05 mm particularly useful. The size selection is made to ensure effective contact between the metal particles so that rapid heat dissipation from one to another location in the coating layer is achieved.

For the metal-containing coatings obtained by chemical plating or electroplating, sputtering or metal evaporation in a vacuum, it is only necessary to obtain an adequate weight of deposited metal in order to obtain substantial continuity. However, thicker metal thicknesses are allowed. Generally a metal deposit of about 2.84 grams or more, e.g. B. 14.2 g per 0.836 m ^{2 is} adequate. Thus, the upper limit of thickness or metal weight is determined by the degree of flexibility required for the particular application. Although a metal foil can be used, it is preferable to avoid it because the composite covering fabric makes a creaking sound when it is bent.

In the following examples, which further illustrate the invention. >; ind the information about Tpile and Percentages based on weight and temperatures are given in ° C, unless otherwise stated is.

Example I.

a) 25 parts of powdered aluminum with metal particles about 0.02 to 0.04 mm in size with 100 parts of a 46 percent aqueous dispersion Solids content of an 80:20 weight ratio mixture 1.) of an emulsion copolymer of about 66% vinylidene chloride, 29% butyl acrylate, 0.5 itaconic acid. about 3% acrylamide and about 2% N-methylolacrylamide and 2.) an emulsion copolymer of about 96% butyl acrylate, 2% methacrylamide and 2% N-methyiolacrylamide, 2 parts of methylene-bis-diamylphenoxypoly (9) ethoxyethanoi. 8 parts of a 25 percent aqueous solution of acid diammonium phosphate i5 parts of a 50 percent aqueous solution of a copolymer of about 60% ethyl acrylate. 39.5% Methyl methacrylate and about 03% diallyl phthalate and 42j parts of water mixed. The mixture is stirred vigorously to form a coating composition with a solids content of 40%.

b) The solution obtained according to a) with a solids content of 40% is layered on the free surface of a non-compressed, resilient polyurethane foam in order to create a layer thickness of 0.15 mm. The coated structure is then dried for 4 minutes at 138 ° C to give a deposit of about 56.7 g / 0.836 m ² .

c) A test mattress is made for test purposes by placing a piece of cotton wool,

ίο as it is used for a mattress filling, 38.1 cm long, 15.24 cm wide and 10.2 cm thick in the middle of a 80 ² cotton cover fabric with 38.1 cm long and 30.5 cm wide Arranges that 15 inches (38.1 cm) of batting and fabric face the same direction. Then a 30.5 cm by 38.1 cm piece of the polyurethane foam cover material is placed on the top of the pad with its 38.1 cm 30.5 cm dimensions, with the corresponding dimensions of the floor fabric layer and with its metal-containing layer in Contact with the wadding, followed by a damask cover. These two fabrics are tacked together along the 38.1 cm edges of the batting to compress the batting and foam along their edges. In addition, the wadding and the foam are pressed together along a central line parallel to the edges that are tacked together by the fact that the structure is drawn along the same

3ö central line stitched together. The resulting The test mattress or test cushion structure can then, if so desired, be stretched taut by pressing the protruding edges of one or both cotton fabrics with the opposite sides of a square

V3 see box with a square opening within the square parts of it staples. The resulting pad has a trough formed by the central line pinned together between two parallel, flared ridges, one on either side of the central line. For testing purposes, a burning cigarette is placed on the cushion either on the upper side of one of the beads or, preferably, in the recess between the two. The cigarette is left by Qplhct vprhrpnnpn Wpnn Qirh Hip Waltipruna

+ s inflamed, the cover has a fault. However, if the padding does not ignite before the Cigarette is burned. the cover goes through the test.

d) The test mattress obtained as above runs through if it is as described under c) and

w way was tested the test

Example 2

The procedure from Example 1 is repeated with the exception that in part a) the metal-containing

ΐ-, mixture by inclusion of a foam stabilizer or means, specifically a mixture of about 4.3 parts of a 33 percent aqueous solution of Ammonium learate and 1.4 parts of a 33 percent aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate modified

no will. The mixture is whipped into foam, which is on spraying the surface of the polyurethane foam to form a thickness of about 1.53 mm. After drying for 2 minutes at 138 ° C, the Composition by nip rollers of a textile

* -. upholstery passed to the foamed metal-containing Break or press layer, then hardening by drying for 4 minutes 138 "C completed - This is a material

obtained in which the metal-containing coating is present in an amount of 993 g / 0.836 m ² . This metal-coated, resilient polyurethane plastic foam passes the test according to Example I c) when it is incorporated into a test mattress,

Example 3

Example 1 is repeated with the exception in part a) that the aqueous dispersion is 90:10 Weight ratio mixture

1.) an emulsion copolymer of about 69% vinyl chloride, 29% butyl acrylate, 1% methylolacrylamide, 0.5% acrylamide and 0.5% itaconic acid and

2.) an emulsion copolymer of about 96% butyl acrylate, 2% methacrylamide and 2% methylol methacrylamide is.

Example 4

The procedure of Example! ί becomes uusgeiunri. but with the exception that in part a) the powdered aluminum was pulverized by 23 parts stainless steel is replaced, wherein the particles have a size in the range of 0.05 to 0.1 mm. the corresponding test mattress runs through the "'" est Example Ic).

Example 5

The procedure of Example I is followed except that in part a) the aluminum is replaced by 23 parts powdery silver, the violets now have a size in the range from 0.0) to 0.07 own. The corresponding test matrix runs through the test according to example Ic).

Example 6

The procedure of Example I is followed except that in part a) the aluminum is replaced by 23 parts of powdered nickel with particles ranging in size from 0.03 to 0.06 mm own. The corresponding mattress runs through the test according to example Ic).

Example 7

The procedure of Example I is followed except that in part a) the aluminum is replaced by 23 parts of powdered tin, whereby the particles range in size from 0.02 to 0.04 mm own; The corresponding mattress runs through the test according to example lc>

Example 8

The procedure of Example I is followed except that in part a) the aluminum is replaced by 23 parts of anodized, powdered aluminum, the particles having a size in the range from 0.02 to 0.04 nlm. The corresponding malt mat passes the test according to example Ic).

Example 9

The procedure of Example 1 is followed, with the exception that in part a) the aluminum is replaced by 23 parts of powdered bronze, the particles having a size in the range of 0.03 to 0.7 mm own. The corresponding test mattress runs through the test according to Example Ic).

While self-extinguishing polyurethane foams have been cited so far, others may as well Foam plastics with the desired upholstery, Thermal insulation and self-extinguishing properties serve as a convenient equivalent.

The term "self-extinguishing" foam-like plastics includes ordinary polyurethane foams one which, due to their uncompressed state and porosity, does not caught on fire by a lit cigarette or match. Besides, all are Chemically processed foams included, which do not ignite or smoldering fire continue to feed when exposed to the flame of a soldering tube or blowtorch.

For this purpose I sheet drawings

430 233/130

Claims (7)

Patent claims: 1. Fire-proof mattress-like or cushion-like structure with a light or damask-like structure Fabric, an associated resilient flexible layer of a self-extinguishing, heat-insulating plastic foam with a thickness of 0.25 to 2.5 cm, a flammable cushion or Filler layer resting on a fabric backing and fastening means for connecting these layers, characterized by a metal-containing coating (3) either on the the cover (1) or on the side facing the filling (4) on the resilient layer (2). 2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal-containing charge (3) is broken Contains foam. 3. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the metal-containing coating (3) is from 0.013 to 0.153 mm. 4. Structure according to claim I, characterized in that the metal in the metal-containing coating (3) Aluminum, nickel, silver, bismuth, antimony, tin, gold, stainless steel, brass, bronze or Wood's metal. 5. Structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the metal is aluminum with a particle size is on the order of 0.02 to 0.1 mm in an organic binder. 6. Structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the metal is anodized aluminum. 7. structures .lach claim 4, characterized in that the metal is stainless steel having a particle size in the G ^r ößenordnung of 0.02 mm to 0.1 in an organic Bir-iemittel is.