DE2406391A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ANCHORING IN PARTICULAR. OF STEEL COMPONENTS IN CONCRETE - Google Patents

Description

Godfrey Matthew Owen Molyneux, Rudford, Gloucestershire,

Great Britain

Method and device for anchoring, in particular, steel components in concrete

The invention relates to an anchoring device and also a method for connecting one component to another, wherein one of the components is the only connecting means Has cavity. The invention relates in particular to the anchoring of steel components in concrete substrates, Foundations, floors and the like.

The most common way of attaching it to a concrete block is to drill a blind hole and an expansion bolt to use, which claws into the wall of the blind hole. Such an attachment requires an extremely precise arrangement of the hole. For example, a steel component with a base plan requires a number of holes for fastening screws are drilled, an equal number of accurately drilled or poured holes ir. Concrete, what very is difficult.

Alternatively, a downwardly narrowing depression can be formed in the concrete, the wider neck of which enables the screw to move. This is achieved by pouring the screw and a retaining plate into the concrete and making a mold for the conical recess around the screw.

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is turned. When the mold is removed, it leaves the retaining plate cast in the concrete so that the Screw cannot be removed, but can move in the area of the neck of the opening. This installation is Difficult to construct, but it allows the steel component to be fastened in the area of the neck of the hole. A lower accuracy of the arrangement is therefore required. However, it often happens that the anchoring parts do not lie exactly in one plane, which can lead to too few threads on the screw to fasten the Component are available.

It is an object of the invention to provide an anchoring system to create, in which the cavity in the concrete must only be approximately locally determined in order to attach a component to the concrete. An anchoring device according to the invention is installed after the concrete containing the cavity has set so that it is ensured that enough threads are available to fasten the component, even if the original concrete surface was not exactly flat and horizontal.

An anchoring device according to the invention comprises a screw nut and a screw bolt, one captive Washer seated on the bolt shank, with at least two oppositely arranged points on the circumference in the undeformed Condition of the washer have a distance from one another which is greater than the outer diameter of the screw head or the Screw nut, the washer having a position and / or a shape that is not perpendicular to the screw shaft and not is flat, one or can assume and the screw bolt and the washer in the axial direction of the bolt relative to one another are movable in order to bring about an interaction of the screw head or the cutter with the washer and thereby the washer

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to tilt or deform in such a way that the projection of the Distance between the two points mentioned is increased to a plane perpendicular to the screw bolt.

The screw bolt can be such a head in which the disc is generally transverse to the shaft. Alternatively, it can be a hook screw with the washer on top Part of the hook that extends across the shaft.

A first method according to the invention for attaching a first component to a second component, of which the The first component has an opening and the second component has a cavity into which the disc is tilted or deformed state can occur, is characterized in that an anchoring device according to the above definition or as described below so arranged that the screw head and the washer are located in the cavity and the thread of the screw bolt protrudes therefrom so that the first component fits onto the second component is placed that the thread extends through the opening and that a nut on the of The thread protruding from the opening is screwed on and tightened there so that it exerts a tensile force on the screw bolt that causes the washer to tilt or deform over the head of the screw bolt, which gets stuck on the walls of the cavity.

A second method according to the invention for fastening a first component to a second component, of which the first has an opening and the second has a cavity, into which the pane is tilted or deformed in a ¹ . State can occur, is characterized in that an anchoring device according to the above definition or the following description is arranged so that the screw bolt through the open-

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tion is inserted and carries a nut, the washer on the bolt shank on the side of the first component in Direction is to be caught on the second component, and that the first component is placed on the second component that the length of the screw shaft with the washer on it enters the cavity, and then the nut is tightened is, whereby the disc is tilted and clamped to the walls of the cavity.

After the nuts and bolts have been tightened, the cavity can be filled with either method, for example with cement or with epoxy resin.

The cavity can be shaped differently, generally however, one will use a square or circular cross-section. The bottom of the cavity is also shaped in such a way that that the mechanism can function correctly. The disc has at least one transverse dimension that is larger as a clear width of the cavity, so that it is in the tilted state with at least two points, of which the one lies further within the cavity than the other can rest against opposing walls. This results in a secure clamping, which is described in the following in different versions.

The invention can be implemented in a variety of ways and will be described below on the basis of a few embodiments with reference explained on the drawing, for example. Show it:

1 shows schematic plan views of anchoring devices for fastening components to a concrete base, with cavities of square cross-section;

Fig. 2 schematic plan views of anchoring devices for fastening components to a concrete base with cavities of circular cross-section;

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Pig. 3 and 4 are schematic, partially sectioned side views to illustrate the clamping action of the anchoring devices according to the Pig. I and 2;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a further anchoring device ;

Pig. 6 shows a plan view of a further anchoring device for a cavity with a rectangular or square shape Cross-section;

7 mutually perpendicular side views of a further Anchoring device; and

8 to 10 are schematic side views of further anchoring devices for fastening a component to a concrete base with locally precisely arranged cavities.

In the description of the figures it is assumed that a substrate in the form of a concrete base 1 has a cavity 2, which extends from a surface 3 on which a plate 4 to be attached extends down into the concrete. The plate 4 is placed in the exact desired location without that a careful relationship to the cavity 2 is established, which is only approximately correct in Figures 1 to 7 Must be located. The cavity 2 allows the accommodation of a screw bolt 5, which extends through a hole in the plate 4 extends upwards and is fastened with a screw nut 6. The screw head 9 is located near the ground of the cavity 2 and on it the holding disk 7 sits. As will be described, the disk 7 can be many different Take shape. According to Figures 1 to 6, it has a circular countersunk hole 8, which in terms of the circumference of the disk 7 is arranged eccentrically and is larger than the shaft of the screw bolt 5 »but smaller than the screw head 9. The outer circumference of each disk 7 is like this

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dimensioned and shaped, and the hole 8 is so large that the washer 7 tilted on the shank of the screw bolt 5 and can easily be inserted into the cavity 2, although 3ie in a position perpendicular to the axis of the cavity cannot be used. The screw bolt 5 can, once the washer 7 is in place, without difficulty be inclined so that the threaded part protruding from the cavity 2 exactly in correspondence can be arranged with the hole in the plate 4. The protruding thread length depends on how far down the disc 7 is clamped in the cavity. The bolt, nut and washer form an anchoring device, the various versions of which are described below.

Fig. 1 shows four different anchoring devices each constructed to fit into the cavity 2 of square cross-section formed in the concrete base 1. The disk 7 according to FIG. 1A is diamond-shaped and its hole 8 is attached eccentrically on the larger diamond axis. Their acute-angled ends dig into opposite corner edges A, C of the cavity 2, namely the end closer to the hole 8 in the disc 7 is inserted deeper down into the cavity 2, so that when the screw nut 6 is tightened on the bolt 5, the head 9 pulls this corner upwards and spreads it even stronger into the corner edge C of the cavity. The disc 7 rotates around its opposite end, which is pressed further into this corner edge A of the cavity, the more the disc 7 is tilted by tightening the nut 6 in the direction of a position perpendicular to the axis of the cavity 2. This clamping effect will be explained in more detail later with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

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The disk 7 according to FIG. 1B has the shape of an isosceles Triangle and the hole 8 is centered on the axis of symmetry and is close to the base. This base is getting deeper arranged at the bottom in the cavity 2, while the apex located higher up digs into a corner edge A. The two Base corners dig into side surfaces C adjoining the opposite corner edge. When tightening the Screw nut 6 tries again the screw head 9 to tilt the disc 7, to pull the base upwards and the Press the apex into the corner edge A to clamp the device in place.

Fig. 1 C shows a hexagonal disc 7, two of which are opposite Pages are very short. The other four sides have the same length and close two adjacent sides between them an angle that is slightly smaller than 90 °.

The disk 7 is symmetrical with respect to the common bisector of these two angles and the hole 8 is in the direction of one of the two angled vertices, which is inserted lower down in the cavity 2, offset. In the top view the tilted disc appears square. The clamping effect results in a similar way to that described Versions, but with a line contact with the side walls of the cavity 2 and with corner contact.

Fig. 1 D shows a further hexagonal disk 7, which again has an axis of symmetry, but with two Side edges form a re-entrant notch. These side edges form sharp corners that dig into the side walls of the cavity are arranged relatively high in the cavity 2, while this re-entrant notch opposite corner is used deep down and the adjoining side edges linear contact with the

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adjacent side walls of the cavity 2, in the same way as shown in Fig. 1 C. The hole 8 of the disc is offset from the center towards this corner.

Fig. 2 shows arrangements for the case that the cavity 2 has a circular cross-section in the concrete. The disc 7 according to Fig. 2A is hexagonal and engages at the ends of an inclined diagonal at opposite points in the side wall of the cavity 2. The disk 7 is symmetrical to this diagonal and the hole 8 is closer at the deep end.

Fig. 2B corresponds to the arrangement according to Fig. IB, with the difference that the disc 7 has the shape of an isosceles triangle.

According to FIG. 2C, the disk 7 is elliptical, the hole 8 being shifted from the center on the major axis. Straight edges are formed at the ends of the minor axis. The inclined disk appears in the top view circular, the elliptical parts having line contact with the side wall of the cavity 2.

The device according to FIG. 2 D corresponds partly to that of FIG. 2 C and partly to that of FIG. 1 D. It has a deeply inserted elliptical edge, the line contact with the cylindrical wall surface of the cavity 2 has and towards which the hole 8 is offset, as well as straight edges which have a re-entrant angle and sharp corners form for digging into the cavity wall.

Fig. 3 shows how the screw bolt 5, the disc 7 »the Point contact with the side walls of the cavity 2 with circular or square cross-section, clamped. Fig. 4 illustrates the line contact.

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The head 9 of the screw bolt 5 acts on the underside of the disk 7 at a point 10 between the hole and the lowest point of contact 11 of the disk. When the screw nut 6 is tightened against the plate 4, which is usually done, as shown, with the interposition of a conventional washer, the head 9 presses the lower part of the washer 7 upwards against the wall of the cavity 2, with either the point contact pressure at 11 3 or the line contact pressure is increased along the dotted hatched length regions 11-12 and 13-1 ¹ I in FIG. 4 or at points lying on such lines. The point 10 of engagement of the screw head 9 on the washer 7 is selected in relation to the lowest point 11, which is in contact with the cavity wall, so that the uppermost point or points 13 does not come loose from its place when the nut is tightened. The friction of the concrete wall contributes to the fact that the disc 7 always tends to tilt around the point or points 13 rather than to slide upwards at these points. As soon as the smallest twist has taken place, the disk 7 is clamped even more tightly and loosening becomes even less likely. This occurs both when there is only point contact, as shown in FIG. 3, and when, according to FIG. 4, there is line contact of 11-12 and 13-14 or at points on these lines.

The disk 7 of Fig. 5 is somewhat more complex and of an out-of-plane construction. It is about around an element with two pivot points and a contact along two sides, basically according to the principle according to Fig.ID. The pivot points are the vertices 15 of two triangular flanges 16, which are formed by two side lines of a polygonal base plate 18 protrude upwards. Between these edges or side lines provided with the flanges 16 is opposite

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the lowest point 11 a re-entrant angle 17 is formed- The flanges 16 are out of the plane with the hole provided plate 18, which is the main body of the disc 7, inclined slightly outwards, so that the apexes 15 establish point contact and no line contact between the base lines of the flanges 16 and the wall of the cavity 2 consists. The plate 18 can be used essentially horizontally, since there is then still a steep incline from the lowest point 11 to the vertices 15, which act as pivot points. The head of the bolt 5 therefore sits better on the underside. The re-entrant angle 17 provides a hold for a finger or one mechanical hook for re-gripping and adjusting the height of the disc 7 in the cavity 2 and also leaves one free space for the passage of potting material to the bottom of the cavity 2 when the arrangement is complete. It should be mentioned that the other disks described also have these properties.

The disc 7 according to FIG. 6 is rectangular and is suitable for a cavity with a square or rectangular cross-section, the hole 8 is eccentric on the larger axis of symmetry attached and there is line contact with opposite side walls of the cavity 2 along the two shorter ones Side edges. In the other direction, that is, parallel to the shorter axis, the disk 7 does not need the cavity 2 to overstretch and it preferably doesn't either.

Fig. 7 shows an anchoring device, the screw bolt 5 of which is a hook screw, and the washer 7 'instead generally transverse to the bolt shank, transverse to the hook portion extending laterally from the end of the bolt shank stretches away. The disc 7 is essentially a rectangle and the hole 8 is eccentric on the

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larger axis. When tightening the nut 6, two opposite corners dig into the walls of the cavity and get stuck against this. In the drawing there is the arrow indicates the direction in which the disc is trying to rotate. The lower corner of the touch is flattened.

Of course, in the examples described, the screw bolts not be arranged anywhere in the cavities, but there is sufficient freedom of movement for the ends provided with the thread for a desired positioning.

The same principles can also be applied to the fastening of the component to the concrete base, if the cavity is in exactly the right place in the concrete, for example through the hole in exactly the right place Position arranged component is drilled through. For this purpose, the disc is shown mounted in the middle and the screw head exerts a force in relation to the uppermost point of contact or lines between the washer and the wall of the cavity to cause tilting and clamping of the disc. A diameter of the Disc must be larger than the diameter of the cavity in the concrete, so that the pane clamps during this tilting process. Since the screw head is larger than the opening: in of the disc, he can tilt or incline the disc in accordance with the embodiments described in order to attach it to the To jam the side walls of the cavity. The cavity only needs to be drilled to such a diameter that results in a minimum tolerance for the screw head. It may be necessary to first go through the component and into the concrete to drill a pilot hole and then this pilot hole to enlarge while the component is temporarily removed.

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Pig. 8 shows such an embodiment of the anchoring device. The screw head 9 fits tightly into the cavity 2 formed in the manner described and that with the thread provided end of the screw bolt 5 stands up through the component in the form of the plate Ί, which is on the concrete surface 3 is attached in a precise arrangement. The disc 7 has a central hole of larger diameter than that of the shank of the screw bolt 5 and the circumferences of their flat end faces are elliptical, the outer Peripheral surface is cylindrical in order to the wall of the cylindrical Cavity 2 to fit. The disk thus has a structure as if it were made up of one of a cylindrical block, its Diameter essentially corresponds to that of the cavity 2, there is an obliquely cut disc. The hottest Slopes on the outer circumference of the disk are located at the ellipse vertices; they dig into the wall of the cavity 2 on when the screw head 9 is pulled up by tightening the screw nut 6.

The disk of Fig. 8 is a thick element, possibly a casting. Fig. 9 shows an alternative embodiment, in which the elliptical disc 7 of thinner material, namely sheet metal, is formed and bent so that it is transverse to longer axis is curved. This curvature gives the disc a stiffness, so that it is as in the previous version digs into the wall of the cavity. According to FIG. 9, it is curved concavely upwards, but it can also be downwards be concave. In addition to the apices attacking the wall of the cavity, the disk can if it is concave upward, are slightly flattened by the pressure of the screw head 9 and thereby on the wall of the Attack cavity 2 essentially along its entire circumference.

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Another alternative is in Pig. 10 shown, in which the disc 7 is completely plate-shaped. she needs not loosely placed on the shaft of the screw bolt 5 but it must be too convex towards the head. In its relaxed position, the outside diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the cavity 2, but it can be made by the use of a cylindrical (not shown) The plunger, which can be inserted over the shaft of the screw bolt 5, can be pushed down into the cavity 2. Will then the screw bolt 5 is pulled upwards, so the disc 7 seeks to flatten and spread out and digs itself thereby further into the wall of the cavity 2 with clamping.

The use of a plunger or at least one cylindrical guide member can also be used for the discs of the other Embodiments may be required. The working end of the guide member has a slope that is sufficient Inclination of the disc to allow insertion into the cavity corresponds.

If the diameter of the cavity 2 is greater than that Screw head 9, the screw bolt 5 can be tilted, as was indicated in the previous examples.

In any case, during or after the screw nut is tightened, the cavity can, for example, be filled with cement or with Schnell setting epoxy resin, after which no further movement is possible unless the installation of the Type was in which the screw during the setting process could be tilted.

The anchoring devices intended for inaccurately arranged cavities enable a particularly favorable method

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the connection. Normal practice is to place the component on studs protruding from the concrete. Provided if these are loose, they must all be inserted individually into the holes of the component can be introduced while it is being lowered, which is time consuming and can prove to be cumbersome. Provided if they are rigidly fixed, it can happen that they, themselves if they are precisely located, do not protrude enough for the nut to be screwed on sufficiently. this can be from unevenness in the concrete surface or simply from incorrect placement before pouring the concrete originate. An extension thread must then be welded on to E3 will. The component can also damage the threads ^ while hanging over the mounting surface and onto the concrete is settled. The described devices with loose disks can be attached to the component beforehand and hanging loosely from him. The component is then lowered into position, along with the screw heads and washers freely enter the cavities and tilt and twist as necessary. When the component is seated, will the nuts tightened.

With this method, the bolts can also be reversed so that the nuts carry the washers. If only the Exposing the screw heads results in a cleaner surface.

The disks described have at least one axis of symmetry. However, this is not necessary; it can also be irregular shaped disks can be used.

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Claims (1)

Claims 1. Anchoring device with a bolt and a screw nut, characterized in that a washer (7) is attached to the shaft of the screw bolt (5) at least two opposite points (11, 13) on the circumference, the distance between them in the undeformed state the washer is larger than the outer diameter of the screw head (9) or the screw nut (6), one of the flat shape and / or to the shaft of the Screw bolt (5) vertical position can assume a different shape or position, and that the screw head (9) or the screw nut (6) engages the disk (7) during axial movement in order to tilt it or to deform in such a way that the projection of the distance between the two mentioned points (11,13) on a plane is perpendicular to the shaft of the screw bolt (5) is enlarged. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the circumference of the disc (7) in terms of at least one axis is symmetrical. 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that that the screw bolt (5) receiving hole (8) of the disc (7) is centered on an axis of symmetry. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the washer (7) sits loosely on the shaft of the screw bolt (5). 40983A / Ü813 5 · Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the hole (8) of the disc (7) is eccentric to the circumference of the disc. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5 »characterized in that that the outer surface of the disc (7) is polygonal. 7. Device according to one of 'claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outer periphery of the disc (7) is diamond-shaped and the hole (8) of the disc (7) is centered on the larger axis of the diamond. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the outer circumference of the disc (7) is an isosceles triangle. 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the outer periphery of the disc (7) is hexagonal. 10. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 9, characterized in that the disc (10) on two sides with flat vision (16) is provided that protrude on the same side of the polygonal plane. 11. The device according to claim 6, 9 or 10, characterized in that that the polygon has a re-entrant angle (17). 12. Apparatus according to claim 10 and 11, characterized in that the flanges (16) on to the sides of the re-entrant Angle (17) adjacent sides. 13 · Device according to claim 10 or 12, characterized in that that the flanges (16) are triangular. - 3 409834/08 1 3 14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5 »thereby characterized in that the outer periphery of the disc (7) is at least partially curved. 15. The device according to claim Ik, characterized in that the or each curved section is elliptical and corresponds to an elliptical sector which is symmetrical on one of the sides of an apex. 16. Device: according to claim 15 * characterized in that that at opposite ends of the symmetry axis on which the hole (8) of the disc (7) is arranged, two equal elliptical sections are located. 17. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that a single elliptical section (11-12) at one end of the axis of symmetry on which the hole (8) of the disc (7) is arranged, and that the the rest of the outer circumference of the disc is shaped as a polygon. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the sides of the partial polygon which is the elliptical Opposite section, form a re-entrant angle (Fig. 2 D). 19. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hole (8) in the disc (7) is countersunk from at least one side of the disc. 20. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the disc is curved with respect to the diameter between the contact points in the transverse direction is (Fig. 9). 409834/0813 21. Device according to 1, characterized in that the Screw bolt (5) is a hook bolt and that the disc (7) on the hook is essentially in one plane Mounted horizontally parallel to the shaft of the screw bolt (5) is (Fig. 7). 22. Vorrichtunc according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the disc (7) is plate-shaped and can be flattened by an axial compressive force (Pig.10). 23. Procedure for. Fastening a first component to a second component, of which the first component has a hole and the second has a cavity into which a disc can be inserted in an inclined or deformed state, characterized in that an anchoring device according to one of claims 1 to 22 with the screw head and the disc in the cavity with the above from this thread de3 bolt _s using the first component and the second component in such a mutual position that brings the thread of the bolt is inserted through the hole of the first component, and that the a screw nut through the hole the
screwed while pulling bolts, the head of which tilts or deforms the disc and clamps it against the walls of the cavity. 2k, method according to claim 23, characterized in that the screw bolt is tilted into a position corresponding to the hole. 25. A method for attaching a first component to a second component, of which the first component has a hole and the second component has a cavity, into the - 5 409834/081 3 -JS- a disc in tilted or deformed! State is insertable, characterized net gekennzeich that an anchoring device according to one of claims 1 to 21 with inserted through the hole bolt on which a nut is seated and the washer on the shank of the bolt on the side of the first component ⁽¹ O to the second component (1) is to be caught, the first component is brought into such a positional relationship to the second component that the portion of the shaft on which the disc sits enters the cavity, and that then to tilt and clamp the disc the side walls of the cavity, the nut-screw connection is tightened. Method according to one of Claims 2 ¹ , 25 or 26, characterized in that the cavity is poured out after the anchoring device has been attached. 409834/0813