DE2364321A1 - SMALLER COMPONENTS, IN PARTICULAR STAIR TREAD, PLATFORM PLATE, CEILING PLATE, WALL ELEMENTS OD. DGL. - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a component having the features listed in the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art and problems:

A wide variety of materials have already been used for smaller components such as steps, platform panels, false ceiling panels and the like. If the flight of stairs has a supporting structure that offers the necessary security, wooden steps or steps made of chipboard with appropriate covers can be used

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be used. The steps of such stairs are only proportionate exposed to low bending stresses. There is practically no torsional stress at all on. However, if the flight of stairs consists of individual steps that are connected to one another and only work together If the steps and their connecting means form an overall load-bearing flight of stairs, then the individual steps are depending on the design of the construction to a considerable extent Torsion, bending, tension and / or compression. Today, such steps are mainly made of cast stone, with a correspondingly designed steel reinforcement cage is to be inserted. The individual steps are relatively difficult, especially if a wall-free one Flight of stairs or virtually wall-free flight of stairs is to be created. According to occupational medicine points of view Components that are heavier than 25 - 30 kp. Concrete stone steps or natural stone composite material steps for these purposes were weighed twice or three times. Associated platform plates made of such Materials cannot be assembled at all without lifting equipment. There is therefore a need for one lighter material, which has the necessary resistance and elasticity and other usage properties and the respective needs of the

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architectural design and appearance will do justice. In view of ever increasing construction costs also exists a high need for rationalization, whereby it is important to be easy to process and yet extremely inexpensive Find materials with the appropriate properties. This need does not only apply to stairs, but also for other similar, visible components such as platform panels, false ceiling panels, self-supporting floor or ceiling panels, covers, which can be walked on "Canopies, wall elements or the like.

Such load-bearing components have to meet very high demands on the strength properties, in particular they must certainly go so far even in the event of an overload, both continuously and abruptly be stable so that they do not break through completely. On the other hand, the components must not be so elastic that excessive bending, twisting and thus impermissible vibrations occur. Wood can with such Constructions are loaded essentially only according to its Paserrichtung. But since it is extraordinary When high loads occur in many and often changing directions, grown wood is suitable for many Cases for these purposes do not. In addition, it is too expensive if the quality is appropriate. Pure stressed on torsion

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or high stairs that are subjected to transverse bending not emboss it at all. There are various so-called 'Sandwich building materials' known, the outer relative have high load-bearing layers and in the core mostly honeycomb-like ·, certain pressure loads absorbing and dents have preventive fillings. In the strengths required for stairs or similar components the previous “sandwich elements” do not have the necessary strength and, above all, elasticity properties. They also have another defect. The end faces of such 'sandwich elements' must each be provided with a rigid cover, a frame or the like. This is particularly important in the case of irregular Components an additional effort with corresponding costs. Even if you have several cheap to the If the honeycomb has vertical cutting lines, the honeycombs were often separated in the case of spiral steps and thus large Gaps have to be bridged, which is hardly possible with thin pores or the like.

Chipboard is a relatively inexpensive material, which is also cheap to process. The front sides do not offer the problems of 'sandwich constructions'. Wood chipboard is therefore used to a greater extent for many components with less stress. she

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have also been used for stair treads that are subject to less "stress. They are provided with top layers that Give the component the desired appearance and, if necessary, the required abrasion resistance. These top layers in The shape of veneers, varnishes or the like, however, have so far had no influence on the load-bearing capacity. The flexural strength, However, the tensile and compressive strength and torsional strength of chipboard are not enough to be sufficient to create structurally stable components for them alone, like steps in an open staircase without a supporting structure Or as a platform or the like. Could be used. Chipboard also has a relatively high Elasticity, i.e. a relatively low modulus of elasticity, so that it is suitable for components with a larger span or above especially components in constructions where the deformations of the individual parts result in a total sag or Add other total deformations, such as wall-free flights of stairs, not used in the present form can be.

In addition, so-called synthetic resin pressed wood is known, which often consists of a large number of veneer layers, which are pressed with synthetic resins under the action of temperature and high pressure, whereby the veneer layers .Also arranged crosswise or in a star shape

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can be, so that corresponding materials with largely direction-independent strength properties result. The density of these synthetic resin-pressed wood materials is much greater than that of chipboard. aside from that they cost many times that of chipboard. However, these materials are solely for components in size of stairs, platform plates, false ceiling plates or the like. Not suitable. There are also fiberglass reinforced ones Plastics which, however, are also unsuitable on their own for such components.

Task:

The invention is based on the object of providing a relatively light and inexpensive component that is easy to process to create on the basis of chipboard, which overall, however, has higher strength values Has tension, pressure, bending and / or torsion and has a much lower elasticity.

Solution:

According to the invention, the features listed in the characterizing part of claim 1 are provided. Training courses are also listed in the other claims.

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Advantages and further features:

Due to the multi-layer composite structure, in which the chipboard takes up the largest part of the volume, a very inexpensive component is created, which has a much lower elasticity than a pure chipboard part and overall achieves much higher strength values. This is due to the lower elasticity,
thus the greater modulus of elasticity of the layers applied to the chipboard or, in the case of multi-layer chipboards, to the outer surfaces thereof, whereby the
Connection is able to transfer all occurring forces. Since the high-strength layers are at a considerable distance from one another, but not only via leiohte honeycombs or the like, but also relatively solid, in particular pressure-resistant chipboard, the result is a component that meets all strength and elasticity requirements and is nevertheless extremely inexpensive is. It can be cut out of larger panels or built up individually from several layers and panels cut to finished dimensions, for example. There are no problems with the appearance on the front sides, because that
multi-layer component does not have any cavities, but only layers of different densities, which, however, can be sawn, planed or sanded with the usual woodworking tools. You can see the front sides

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provided with simple top layers made of wood veneers, plastic sheets, atistricts or plastic layers, whereby these materials can correspond to the high tensile strength and possibly pressure resistant layers. You don't need one Frame which, as a result of the impact parts, leads to uneven structures, warps or the like on the main surfaces could lead. Roughly speaking, you have a homogeneous part in front of you, its surfaces in any arbitrary Way can be edited or occupied. By matching the coefficient of thermal expansion, the possible should be the same or at least only slightly apart, the part does not tend to warp. The component supports the interaction of the materials and does not require a special support plate or support structure. It represents an economical combination of high-strength and tensile-strength material with cheap, pressure-resistant, stiffening material Material, which are connected in a high-strength manner, and has a low volume weight and favorable properties with regard to fire resistance as well as manufacture, further processing and assembly. Especially when training as a Wall element, the manufacturing process can be significantly simplified. It's less manual work necessary. As a result, a much more pronounced industrial prefabrication is possible, even leading to a continuously working, purely mechanical! production

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can be expanded. The behavior "with buckling and Buckling in a single or multi-faceted state of stress, in particular as a load-bearing wall element is extremely cheap.

Those increasing the strength properties and reducing the elasticity, i.e. a high modulus of elasticity having layers can consist of different materials, which depend on the respective minimum requirements of strength values, modulus of elasticity, Purpose, appearance, further processing and application of further top layers, thermal stress, fire resistance etc. and can be determined empirically. Synthetic resin pressed wood panels have proven to be particularly useful proven according to Dili 7707. Chipboard and synthetic resin pressed wood have quite different strengths and elasticity properties, but provide an ideal connection for the composite material Purpose, because the high-strength synthetic resin pressed wood layers through the inexpensive chipboard is well stiffened and both materials are made of the same or at least very related Materials are built up. They can be glued together particularly well, although also with high strength other anchorages are possible. Since the high-strength layers are at a distance from one another, the result is a three-dimensional structure of high-strength layers, which however

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of a very related material that occupies the entire space and has a relatively high compressive strength and is also filled with good other properties and the differences on the front sides are hardly visible on the outside lets step. The component has a high load-bearing capacity with a low overall thickness and even with a relatively low layer thickness, does not lose its cohesion in the event of overload and cracks in individual zones and can also do a lot locally are highly stressed without dents or indentations would arise.

According to the invention, the high tensile strength layers made of reinforced with glass fibers can be used in another advantageous manner Plastics are produced, as indicated in particular in claims 4 to 9. You are not stuck with it of the material properties of the available plastic pressed wood but can change the properties by choosing the plastic and the type of fiberglass as well combining them into mats, fabrics or roving fabrics and influence the design of the manufacturing process according to the respective needs. That Glass silk roving fabric offers particularly high strengths, but with several layers there is a risk that the thickened ones Nodes lie on top of each other and lead to uneven, undesirable structures. By using

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of glass silk mats combined with glass silk roving fabrics in appropriate, if necessary alternating layers These problems are eliminated, so that at least a thin layer of plastic is placed directly on the chipboard and then has a largely uniform glass silk mat, which ensures particularly good adhesion over the entire area is achieved, while the glass silk roving fabric lying inside the plastic is relatively thick plastic layer ensure high strength values. Although you have pre-laminated fiberglass can apply laminate to the chipboard, it is particularly advantageous to apply the lamination directly on the chipboard to create an even more intimate To achieve connection of the entire component.

The strength values can be further improved if the core, which is made of chipboard, is made up of several Builds up layers of chipboard that are glued together, the high-tensile and pressure-resistant layers at least be applied to the outsides. With such a structure, on the one hand, the cheaper ones carry Edge zones having strength and elasticity properties and intermediate layers formed with the adhesive to considerable improvements, whereby a spatial

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Support structure results. On the other hand, you can be in different zones Stress, depending on the intended use of the component, also includes chipboard with corresponding material values without being tied to the values of a single-layer chipboard. You can also choose the preferred ones The directions of the individual plates cross each other or at the desired angles to each other let run. Another significant improvement in the strength properties and a further increase in the The modulus of elasticity of the entire component can be achieved if the high-strength layers also at least are arranged between the two outermost chipboards. One then achieves a multi-layered structure of each with different solid layers, but the total result in a high-strength supporting structure and are thus well adapted to the particular application without unnecessarily much high-quality material is consumed, especially since stairs, platform plates and the like each have a specific one Require thickness.

Since the chipboard and the applied high-tensile layers have very different strength values, It can happen, especially when torsional stresses are applied, that the chipboard is weakest Zones due to the shear forces to slide and tear open

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incline in surfaces parallel to the outer surfaces. This can be counteracted in that screw nails, screws, nails or dowels are provided, which are extend at least through chipboard. These can be knocked in after gluing or lamination. There such separations in different depending on the load Zones, but usually rarely in the outermost edge areas, these pin-like elements can be introduced, be shot in with nailers, for example, before the outermost cover layers, which may be the high tensile strength Layers are to be applied. So the pins do not appear on the surface, they guide the shear forces from one higher-strength layer to another.

Stair treads and other similar components often have to have very high clamping forces locally, for example for fastening the spacer bolts or other spacer and retaining elements reaching to the neighboring step will. Since one tries to use the most inexpensive and lightweight chipboard possible, under certain circumstances the compressive strength of the entire component for such local Loads are not enough. This is counteracted by the features of claim 13, whereby one a reinforcement absorbing pressure is given.

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The components are suitable for a wide range of purposes. Certain Stairs lead to particularly high loads on the steps and require correspondingly solid components with a high modulus of elasticity, but it also depends, relatively inexpensive and, above all, quite light To create steps so that they can be easily moved individually. The characteristics of a component in such a Well-known stairs are listed in claim 14. The forces are on the one hand through the connecting bolts intercepted hanging upwards and on the other hand supported downwards. This allows you to be in the stages especially high bending stresses and / or torsional stresses result, with the composite according to the invention Component can be picked up properly even with small dimensions and low weight. If the component after Claim 15 is provided, particularly high torsional stresses occur due to the training high-strength layers at a distance from one another can be easily absorbed. At such stages it comes on a low elasticity not to such an extent as in the designs described below, because each step on a support device that is not at all or only extremely slightly flexible is attached. In order to be able to connect the bolts to the component in a favorable manner, threaded sleeves known per se are used

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provided, which also ensure a favorable introduction of the high locally occurring forces here.

While the staircase constructions described above are also made with conventional materials or material combinations were to be realized, the invention now also includes other staircase constructions that were previously available could not be built due to the lack of suitable materials. Open stair constructions, that is That is why they are special popular because they offer an attractive appearance and are relatively easy to expand at any point in time can be retrofitted in a building without difficulty. Bolt designs are much cheaper as supporting structures on the underside. Relatively high costs arise, however, especially because so far the individual Steps had to be anchored to the wall in some way. Since the floor heights in buildings do not include such a small tolerance can be made or at least not be made in practice that you could build in completely prefabricated stairs composed of individual steps so that the slope of all Steps is the same, the gradient of the steps is determined according to the actual dimension of the floor height or platform height, and

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then the steps are anchored accordingly to the wall and the exact step spacing by means of rotatable bolts aligned. Attaching the individual wall anchors requires high costs. Therefore there is a need to create a staircase with the least possible manufacturing effort that is completely wall-free or at least but with only a few anchors on a wall or the like. Can be mounted, if possible also Twists are to be executed. Require almost wall-free stairs built with components according to the invention fewer supports on the stairwell wall or the like stairs without any wall anchors and without any lower ones So far, supporting structures can only be produced with high-strength retaining elements embedded in stone or the like. Since considerable bending forces have to be absorbed, the connecting means in the "overlap area" have to be considerable Have depth. This makes the steps extremely heavy, so that they can hardly be used without lifting equipment can be moved, which in turn incurs additional costs. Here creates the inventive, high-strength and only low elasticity exhibiting, according to claim 12 trained component remedy. Since the component does not tend to break out as easily as one made from cast stone, If you fasten bolts in the corner, you will get by with conventional overlap dimensions. The ones from

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Bending stresses to be transferred from the rear to the front area of a step can be carried out properly by the new composite part be included. Should the barrel be relatively long and thus lead to too great a sag or tend to vibrate, you can use it in the middle or in two places with light Catch anchors on the wall or the like. These do not represent Support elements for absorbing the actual loads

/ sideways evasion,

but they only prevent excessive deflections and especially vibrations when walking. You can therefore run relatively easily and easily assembled will. Fewer supports are needed than before. Easily around the individual gradient differences To be able to compensate, one should provide the spacer bolts known per se. But with that you get one in yourself creates a stable run, two bolts can be provided on each side of each step. Another, however either requiring individual spacers or requiring exact floor height, but particularly easy A rigid construction provides spacers that are firmly clamped in the overlap area. Through this problems that could possibly arise from the play of the screws are avoided, and it can with an open, attractive-looking staircase 'Steps' at least the same material for the

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Standoffs are used, but a higher one Must have compressive strength than the steps in their transverse extent, as these are mainly subjected to bending and possibly torsion.

If particularly high levels of security are required and the steps to save high-quality material are not in the If you want to train the whole structure to be correspondingly high-strength, you can do this especially with wall-free or only partially supported Provide stair constructions components with the features of claim 20. Through the under and / or over the Additional flat steel belts provided for steps have a step-shaped, continuous steel strip Carrier, which is particularly favorable in terms of building regulations is. Even cantilevered multi-spiral staircases can only be built in this way with very few supports will. You can give the components the look you want by coloring them or using appropriate coverings.

Embodiments of the invention are given below explained with reference to the drawings.

Show it:

Pig. 1 shows the schematic representation of a general application for a component in side view;

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FIG. 2 shows an illustration corresponding to FIG. 6 of another exemplary embodiment of the component; FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 1 further embodiment of the component;

4 shows the schematic sectional representation of a component loaded with torsion from the side seen;

Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of three construction • parts in the form of steps, partly cut;

Fig. 6 is a section along the line 6-6 in Fig. 5 with the rear view of the lower steps;

FIG. 7 shows a section along the line 7-7 in FIG. 8 by three components in the form of stairs according to a further embodiment;

8 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 6 along the line 8-8 in FIG. 7;

9 shows a section along the line 9-9 in FIG. 8 through three components in the form of steps according to a further embodiment and

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. . - 20 pig. Figure 10 is a section along line 10-10 in Pig. 9 ·

Figures 1 to 3 show general applications of components in the form of a carrier mounted on two supports or a plate, for example a self-supporting platform plate, an applied stair step, a Between the end corner plate or another cover plate over a passage or the like ..

The component 20 according to FIG. 1 consists of a thick chipboard 21, the upper outer surface 26 and lower outer surface 27 of which are each provided with a layer 25 over the entire surface, are. The layers 25 are, for example, in the form of synthetic resin pressed wood on the chipboard 21 over the entire surface glued on with high strength. This creates a multi-layer component with a light pressure-resistant inner core, which an economical combination of the tensile strength and less elastic synthetic resin pressed wood and the cheaper, more elastic one stiffening wood chip material forms and which on the whole is easy.

The component according to FIG. 2 consists of four chipboard panels 31 j 32, 33 j 34 of, for example, 19 mm thick, which are bonded to one another with the aid of the adhesive layers 38 are. On the outer surfaces 36 and 37 of the two

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outermost chipboard 31 and 34 are the high tensile strength and pressure-resistant layers 25 applied, for example with glued on with a high-strength adhesive. These layers can be the last cover layers and one at the same time have appropriate abrasion resistance. The front sides are covered with veneers 39 made of material matching the rest of the appearance. These veneers can easily be glued on because there are no cavities. Pins 60 are hammered in over the entire surface of the plates, which distribute the shear stresses better. Included can these at a distance of about 10 to 15 cm and with relatively a small distance from the edge for the outermost rows. The pins 60 can preferably Screw nails to withstand high shear loads and additional stresses to prevent lifting and pushing off of individual zones.

The embodiment of the Pig. 3 shows a component 40, which is made up of four chipboards 41, 42, 43, 44, with each chipboard between high tensile strength and pressure resistant layers 48 are provided. These can be in the form of special plastics, if necessary with Reinforcements, e.g. made of glass fibers, but especially also in the form of synthetic resin pressed wood and high-strength be glued in. The outer surfaces 46 and 47 of the

• A?

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"the two outermost chipboards 41 and 44 are with the mainly intended high tensile strength and pressure resistant Layers 25 equipped. These are also glued over the entire surface with a high-strength adhesive. This is how a multi-layered component that is particularly subject to high loads resists well and only leads to a slight elastic deformation. It can with usual Woodworking tools processed and additionally covered, painted or otherwise on all surfaces be treated.

4 shows a torsion according to the arrows 54 Loaded component 50 in the view from the front side, it can be, for example, a one-sided clamped Act a stair step that is connected to the adjacent steps at the other end by bolts. she consists of three chipboard panels 51, 52, 53, which are connected to one another with the aid of the adhesive layers 58 and on their outer surfaces 56 and 57 high tensile strength layers 25 are glued on. They are held apart by the core of particle board, however firmly connected in the composite material, so that a very torsion-resistant element is created. '

Figs. 5 and. 6 illustrate an application of

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Components, as they were described with reference to the preceding figures, in a staircase. There are those Steps 71, 72, 73 each made up of several particle boards with high-strength layers. You are with theirs Ends 71a on one side with only a small depth T in the stairwell wall 74 let in and secured in this against rotation. At their other free ends 75 they are made of high quality with the help of connecting bolts 76 Steel connected. These are expediently in threaded sleeves in the respective upper step from below screwed in and clamped in the lower step with the help of nuts 78 with washers 79, as is known at sioh for other materials. These Steps are very highly stressed on torsion.

The Pig. 7 and 8 show a further embodiment of three steps 81, 82 and 83. These are a section of a wall-free flight of stairs, which is at a distance from the staircase wall 84 between the floor and Podium or is arranged between floors. The individual stages are at each end 85 and 86 across respectively two bolts 87 are screwed to one another in their overlap area Ü in a rigid manner, these bolts also being in sleeves and can be tightened with the help of nuts. By such a construction may have differences in the

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Slope can be balanced particularly well. The two bolts on each side ensure a flawless even over a run of about 15 steps load-bearing construction. Will If a continuous steel auxiliary structure is desired for reasons of particular safety, then directly under the steps, as shown at the lowest step 83, or above the steps or below and above the steps, such as Shown at the top step 81, flat steel strips clamped with the bolts 87 or their Yersehraubungen will.

The Pig. 9 and 10 illustrate one of FIGS. 7 and 8 corresponding construction of similar steps 81, 82 and 83 »which are also made up of several layers, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. Here the connections of the steps in the overlap areas ti are not through Steel bolts alone, but by spacers 94 and by the respective lower step and the spacer Screws 95 extending into the respective upper step are produced. This staircase can also be made wall-free if necessary it will be intercepted once, twice or three times, especially when there are slight bends or twists are provided. With these last illustrated stair constructions you can possibly also without wall contact Install pedestals between the two

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Barrels clamped and only in the two outer corners and possibly anchored at a few other points on a wall or other supporting structure. So can Installation tolerances are particularly well balanced and all Ropes are finished all around beforehand; only the few anchors have to be carried out individually on the building. Storey height differences can be made with the help of the bolts or the fixed spacer blocks 94 Compensate with the help of washers.

The treated components are also used for other purposes into consideration, especially other so-called open stairs, such as stairs with steps clamped on one side, Spiral stairs and the like .. The components can also be used as wall elements in prefabricated houses, where they able to withstand considerable loads without buckling or buckling. They are easier to manufacture than previous load-bearing wall elements and can do well with a durable surface layer with an appealing External.

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Claims (1)

1.) Smaller component, such as in particular (stair step, platform plate, Intermediate ceiling panel, wall element or the like. Which has at least one chipboard with which Covering layers is provided, characterized in that that at least on the outer surfaces (26, 27; 36, 37; 46, 47) of the chipboard (21) or chipboard (31, 34; 41, 44; 51, 53) for training as a structurally load-bearing component with high tensile strength and possibly also pressure-resistant Layers (25, 48) matched to the chipboard (s) in terms of thermal expansion in relation to the modulus of elasticity of the chipboard (s) with a high modulus of elasticity, compressive, tensile, bending, torsional and / or shear forces are applied transferring. 509826/0595 '- / ² B 9.2 D 49 12/11/73 Ft / Ke 2.. Component after. Claim. 1, characterized in that that the high tensile strength and pressure-resistant layer (25, 4-8) consists of synthetic resin pressed wood. 3. Component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the layers (25, 48) with the wood chipboard (21; 31, 34; 41, 42, 43, 44? 51, 53) are glued. 4. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that that the high tensile strength layers (25, 48) consist of plastics reinforced with glass fibers. 5. Component according to claim 4, characterized in that that the high tensile strength layers (25, 48) as glass fiber laminates with glass silk mats and / or Glass silk fabrics, preferably grass silk roving fabrics, are formed. 6. Component according to claim 5, characterized z shows that the glass silk layer lying directly on the chipboard surface is made of a glass silk matt, while at least one further layer with a glass fabric, preferably a glass silk roving fabric, is formed. • / 3 5 0 9826/0595 B 9.2 D 49 12/11/73 Ut / Ke 7. Component according to claim 6, characterized in that that the laminate is formed with several alternating glass silk mats and glass silk fabrics is. 8. Component according to one or more of claims 1 and 4 to 7, characterized in that the high tensile strength layers (25, 48) as directly on the chipboard from the binder and the fiber mats and / or fiber fabrics alternately applied and with the further chipboard (31, 32, 33, 34; 41, 42, 43, 44) covered laminate are formed. 9. Component according to one or more of Claims 1 and 4 to 8, characterized in that that the plastic of the high-tensile and pressure-resistant rails (25-48) is a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane, optionally a phenolic resin or the like. Is. 10. Component according to one or more of the other claims, characterized. marked that several individual layers of chipboard (31, 32, ■ -A ' 509826/0595 B 9.2 D 49
12/11/75 TJt / Ke 33, 34; 41, 42, 43, 44; 51, 52, 55) is known per se Way glued together and provided with the high tensile strength and pressure resistant layers (25). 11. Component according to one or more of the other claims, characterized in that at least between the two outermost chipboards (51/52, 55/54; 41/42, 45/44) high tensile strength and pressure-resistant layers (48) are arranged. 12. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that that at least through the wood chip ■ plates (51, 52, 55, 34; 41, 42, 45, 44; 51, 52, 55) Pins in the form of screw nails, screws, nails or dowels made of metal or high-strength wood or the like. Extend. 15. Component according to one or more of the other claims, characterized in that in particularly high pressure loaded clamping areas Spacer bolts made of steel or the like. With a compressive strength that is significantly higher than that of the rest Component is, are arranged in the printing direction. 509826/0595 B 9 * 2 D 49 12/11/73 Ut / Ke 14. Component in the form of a step after, one or several of the preceding claims, thereby characterized in that there is (71, 72, 73) in a manner known per se in the area of at least one its narrow sides are each equipped with a connecting bolt (76), which to the next higher and to lower step (71, 73) or to the platform or floor. 15. Component according to .Anspruch 14, characterized in that that its one end (71a) in a known manner on a support device, preferably a stairwell wall (74) secured against rotation can be fastened. 16. Component according to one or more of the other claims, characterized in that one Fastening sleeve (77) known per se, preferably provided with an internal thread, for the connecting bolt (76, 87, 95) is provided. 17. Components in the form of stair treads that overlap are connected to one another according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that that the steps (81, 82, 83) ./6 509826/0595 B 9.2 D 49
12/11/73 Ut / Ke in areas of overlap (O) rigidly with one another known wall-free flight of stairs connected to form are. 18. Components according to claim 17> characterized in that in the area of each side between two steps (81/82, 82/83) two in the steps (81, 82, 83) anchored, preferably screwed Connecting bolts (87) are provided. 19 · Components according to claim 17, characterized in that they are g eke nnze i without t, that in the area of the lateral ends of the steps (81, 82, 83) between each other overlapping Step spacers (94) are firmly clamped. 20. Components according to one or more of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that in the area of the lateral ends directly below and / or above the steps (81, 82, 83) with the bolts (87) or screws or the like, clamped flat steel strips (90) are provided. 21. Component according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized by • / 7 509826/0595 B 9.2 D 49
12/11/73 Ut / Ke net that the upper high tensile strength and possibly pressure resistant Layer (25) consists of colored and / or abrasion-resistant material. 22. Component according to one or more of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the Outer surfaces in a known manner with veneer or plastic plate ^ flooring materials or Paints are provided immediately. 509826 / Q5S5 L e r s e i t e