DE2162927A1 - Construction from prefabricated components for building construction using metal parts and building panels with a composition similar to conventional masonry - Google Patents

Description

3 ^ 168-34788 Α-8

Enrico Longinotti, Viale D "Giannotti 81, Florence, Italy

Construction from prefabricated components for building construction using metal parts and building panels of a composition similar to traditional masonry

The invention relates to a construction from prefabricated components for building construction using metal parts and building panels of a composition similar the traditional masonry ,,

It should be noted that the modern construction methods are based on aiming at two types of prefabrication, namely a not widely used heavy construction and vine widespread ^ · so-called lightweight construction, both of which large-area building panels that are used at the construction site put together or attached. The heavy prefabrication is not used on a large scale as it attaches to it Elasticity (adaptability) is lacking. · Rather, it makes this type of construction, because of its character,

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to list instructions that are consistently similar and uniform are. The lightweight construction is more adaptable and has found a wide field of development » The main disadvantages of this lightweight construction, however, are the high costs in terms of the quality of the Materials to be used in this system · When using prefabricated materials for lightweight construction the human body finds no well-being there these materials are unsuitable to favor the heat exchange between the body and the environment and because they are on ^ are prone to sudden changes in external climatic conditions, do not have the ability to compensate for heat and the Do not influence the degree of humidity of the room air but even emphasize it

The conventional system creates structures in which the load-bearing structure is made of concrete or. Steel profiles and the walls are made using building blocks and a large amount of binder (cement mortar), and these materials all have properties adapted to the human body ·

The new construction system according to the invention exists in the fact that a steel skeleton for all walls is added to the load-bearing steel construction already used.

and

is added, the whole with small suction plates made of sand cement or similar cement material with more or less end

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valid surface structure is disguised · The material chosen for the structural panels material combines the advantages of lower costs and better compliance with the conditions of well-being satisfied in a room · The material is proportional to its weight, the function of a thermal and hygroscopic "Ausgleichsspeicherp" ₀ The Assembly is similar to that of a mechanical system and enables quick and precise assembly «

The invention thus relates to a construction of prefabricated elements for the construction of buildings and in particular of walls with a skeleton made of metal parts that join together to form flat boundary surfaces are screwed and which are clad with building panels made of cement material, for example sand-cement or the like, which be attached to the metal elements of the skeleton by mechanical means.

The skeleton can practically be built on flat, drilled supports and horizontal cross members of standardized lengths which are connected to one another by pairs of screws and ensure the even shape of the skeleton · The cross members form longitudinal flanges or lips for anchoring der Bauplatten «The supports and the cross members are also suitable for forming the boundary surfaces of the recesses for doors and windows «In particular, it is also provided that the lower cross members are equipped with protruding panels for supporting or laying the building panels

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According to the invention, pairs are also advantageously provided by spacers which are designed in such a way that they connect the supports, which are arranged at an adjustable distance from one another, so that the dimensions of the skeleton versus the north sizes or dimensions are modifiable

A wall skeleton can be used in practice to fill in the walls or fields made by a load-bearing Frames are formed «Such a skeleton is connected to the load-bearing frame by pins or tenons that Allow relative movements without a rigid connection; these pins can be formed integrally with the frame and be received in holes in the support or the strut of the wall skeleton *

The building panels are used to achieve precise shape and dimensions, precise arrangement of the outlines or profiles, Seats or holes or eyelets for attachment to the skeleton with an accuracy customary in mechanical engineering Presses made in molds

The building boards can have holes along their edges, Have slots or depressions, and the building panels are accordingly attached to the cross members by brackets, Brackets, bolts or similar mechanical devices, which are hooked into the edges of the cross members,

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connected «These clamps, clamps, screws or the like. will sunk into the recesses of the panels, and these can then be plastered with stucco or plaster of paris · According to a preferred embodiment for the use of the finished building boards on the exposed surface be equipped with hook pins that protrude from the rear pre-indentations * These pins are used to hold metal wires for the mutual connection of adjacent plates or the plates with the metal skeleton au moor or · to fix · for the connection with the edges of the cross members The latter can have an inwardly curved ledge, a lip or a flange to which the components equipped with two opposing slots can be attached with one slot for attachment to the flange of the cross member and the other for connection to the Metal wire is used · The assembly can in this case at the back of the finished surface.

The surface-finished building panels can be produced in the manner of cement tiles, building blocks or the like * will.

Cladding panels can also be used, which can be attached to the wall construction panels and form a waterproof cladding. These cladding panels can are attached to holding means, which in turn are attached in holes in the wall panels.

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The construction can include horizontal panels forming floors or ceilings and the like the wall panels, using clamps, brackets, clamps, Screws, pins or the like can be attached to a supporting arrangement or to supporting beams.

To improve the sound absorption it is possible to between the two layers attached to the metal skeleton to use a suitable damping material for building boards «

ψ In the drawing, preferred embodiments of the invention are shown for example «

1 illustrates a possible construction from prefabricated components according to the invention in a plan view of a section}

FIG. 2 is a vertical section, essentially along the line II-II in FIG

Figures 3 and 5 illustrate a wall in

perspective representation with partially broken away cladding, in perspective partial representation old of the finished cladding or «in a partial view from the front to Vflranschaulichung the frame alone;

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Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 illustrate a portion in the rubble

the roof construction and the underlying De rice, in section a part of a floor construction and two details that are shown in Fig. ■ it VIII and «IX are marked, on a larger scale}

Fig. 10 is a detail of the connection between adjacent building panels;

Fig. 11 is a section of a building panel assembly in front view;

FIG. 12 illustrates a detail in partial section along the line XII-XII in FIG. 3 on a larger scale

Figure 13 is a detail illustration of an angular connection between at right angles to each other standing wall

Figures 1 * 1, 15, 16, 17 and 18 illustrate three details

of cladding, being a

Section along the line XVII-XVII in FIG. 16 and a detail designated in FIG. 15, XVIII, is shown on a larger scale;

Figures 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 illustrate in perspective

a detail of an external

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clothes, one cut · along the line XX-XX in Fig. 19, two possible embodiments of outer cover plates (in perspective view) and a perspective rear view of such Plate;

Zk, 251, 26 and 27 illustrate in detail a building board in perspective, in enlarged detail, and in sections along the lines XXVI-XXVI and XXVII-XXVII in Fig. Zk \

"Figures 28 and 29 illustrate one with the aid of others

Anchoring devices assembled

Fig. Wall as well as one used in the wall according to FIG

Plate with finished surface;

Flg. 30, 30A and 30B are an overall view and two enlarged details of zones A and B, respectively B in fl. 30, in a partially sectioned perspective illustration to illustrate a External wall with floor |

Fig. 31 is a partially cut perspective

Representation to illustrate an exterior wall and a roof or a cover)

32 is a partial section to illustrate the connection between the horizontal supports

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and the joists of a floor;

33 illustrates, in section, a cage element as well two possible systems of panel fastening;

FIGS. 3h and 35 show a detail for the purpose of illustration

upper and lower wall guides in deprivation a support of a wall skeleton in cross section or in part in longitudinal section along the line XXXV-XXXV in Figure 3 ^;

Figures 36 and 37 illustrate two possible embodiments

T-shaped connections between wall guides;

38 and 39 show a connection between aligned

Splitting of wall guides using a slotted sleeve in plan view or in cross section along the line XXXIX-XXXIX in Figure 38;

Fig. 40 illustrates the connection of a support for the wall skeleton with the skeleton of a wall at right angles to it;

Fig. 41 and k2. are horizontal sections for illustration

details of the exterior walls in combination with the main framework of the building;

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Fig. 43 is a view, partly in section, taken along the line XLIII-XLIII in Figure 41;

Figure hh illustrates a vertical section of a detail of a connection of secondary beams to a floor beam; and

45 and k6 illustrate a strut of a

vertical wall and a detail of its connection,

According to the drawings, particularly FIGS. 1 to 29, for the formation of a prefabricated structure, the Formation of a supporting framework, preferably made of iron or steel treated in a host protection process intended; the load-bearing structure consists of columns and horizontal main girders 1 or 3 »and the individual ones Members of the framework are preferably not welded but screwed to avoid any deformations or stresses

k to avoid and a substantial accuracy in the W

to ensure construction.

The floor consists of girders 3 (in particular FIG. 7) and horizontal cross-connecting girders 3A. For the production of the floor are relatively thick, suitably reinforced (reinforced) concrete panels 5 used, and these building panels are attached to the upper flanges of the carrier and / or 3A in a manner to be described, and in

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wesentli.cb.en similarly, trie in connecting the wallboards, anchored "The structural panels and similar building boards 5 for Vände (particularly Fig .2H to 27) exhibit at the edge opposite recesses 7, which are extended inwardly at 7A and with each other in this area are connected by a through hole 9. The building panels 5 are placed on the upper flanges of the girders 3 and 3A and are brought together in such a way that connecting brackets 11 (or other connecting means) engaging in the flanges of the girders can be inserted through the holes 9, which are located on the web 7B between the depressions 7 attack and which can be completely sunk into the depressions 7ι TA, which latter can then be covered in a suitable manner with plaster without any protrusion being visible illustrates the use of screw hooks 13, which serve the same purpose and whose nuts are included in the extensions 7A «Here too, the whole thing is covered with plaster. For the production of a ceiling, building boards 15 'are also used made of appropriate concrete or reinforced cement or reinforced concrete, but these are thinner than the upper building boards 5. The building panels 15 are fastened with connecting means 17 or 19, similar to those designated 11 and 13, respectively, in that these building panels 15 are fastened to the lower flanges of the girders 3 or 3A.

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The end walls of the members of the same construction are formed on the load-bearing structure mentioned at the outset, and the recesses for windows and doors are also made in said walls. The end walls or outer walls and also the partition walls are made from a composite metal skeleton and with end plates made of concrete or cement of relatively low weight. "The skeleton is independent of the load-bearing structure and allows relative movements, which avoids the known disadvantages of conventional constructions" Ein Wandskelett 1st essentially composed of flat supports 21 and cross members which, according to the exemplary embodiment, are of three types, namely middle cross members 23, lower 25 and upper cross members 27 · FIGS. 3 , 5 and 12 illustrate in particular the formation of an inner wall or at least a wall of limited thickness. For this purpose, the skeleton is formed by flat supports 21, which determine the wall thickness minus the two building board thicknesses of the front and the rear of the wall. The supports 21 are interconnected by double intermediate cross members 23 made of pressed sheet metal with rectangular extensions 23A at the ends for connection to the supports with alignment of holes formed in the extensions and the same supports The cross members 23 also have flanges, i.e. upwardly curved longitudinal edges 23B, which serve for the connection of the building boards in the manner still to be described · The supports 21 are also

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Connected at the bottom by cross members 25, which are equipped with extensions 25A and flanges 25B, similar to parts 23A and 23B of cross members 23 and are provided with plates 25C placed underneath, which serve to support the building panels, as these project downwards laterally beyond the flanges 25B . The supports 21 are also connected by upper cross members 27 which are similar to the plates 25 except for the plate 25C. Otherwise, the cross members 25 and 27 are similar to the cross members 23, but are not, like the middle 23, provided twice.

A relatively thin wall is clad on both sides with building boards 29 or covered of a very similar type as the bearing for the formation of the floor level serving and in Fig. 2k to 27 described building panels 5 »but of different thickness, and optionally in others Are armored to measure. The wall panels are fastened by means of brackets 31 or screw hooks 33 or other similar means to the flanges 23B, 25B and 27B of the cross members 23, 25 and 27, which are arranged at intervals according to one of the dimensions of the building panels. In this case, as already mentioned, the wall thickness is equal to the width of the support 21 plus twice the thickness of the building board 29 ″

The building board 29 can, as required, edged (with a standing long side, FIG. 3) or longitudinally (with

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horizontal long edge, Fig. k) , and preferably the building panels have an aspect ratio of 2: 1 and the cross members of the frame are spaced with gaps corresponding to the dimension of the building panel to be installed in the prescribed orientation Building panels are laid along the sides corresponding to the cross members, 23 »25 and 27 and connected by means of the same cross members using the means such as 31 and 33» according to the existing abutments, these building panels can, if there are no such longitudinal flanges on the cross members are provided, to each other by connecting means 35 (Fig. 10) and on the other stirrup-like connecting means connected "in any case, the building panels can also be bonded along the abutting faces and are attached to the recesses, such as 7, 7A plastered accordingly in Fig. Zh to 27. The building boards of the lower row lie on the board 25C of the cross members 25} but if a board 25C is missing, they can rest directly on the building boards 5 of the floor «

With a suitable choice of the longitudinal dimensions of the cross members it is possible to distinguish between one consisting exclusively of supports 21 and cross members 23 »25» 27 Skeleton and to be filled with the wall to be supported by such a skeleton or to be bridged space. In this case (see in particular FIGS. 3 and 5) two adjacent supports 21X are provided which

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are held at a limited distance from one another by means of suitable spacers 37, which are in aligned openings engage in these supports. In this way the desired horizontal dimension for filling is obtained between the connecting links of the supporting structure

The connection between a support 1 of the load-bearing structure and the adjacent end support 21 of the wall skeleton is not particularly rigidly stabilized, but it is achieved by pins or tenons, such as hl (FIG. 5), which are attached to the support 1 in the manner of studs are anchored and are received in corresponding holes, which are arranged for this purpose on the support 21 of the skeleton In this way each wall skeleton remains free from the load-bearing structure The supports have holes for the cross members, for the spacers 371 for the pins kl and if necessary for supply lines on »

A wall such as the one described so far and shown in particular in Pig 12 can, for example, be a partition like that shown at 51 in Figures 1 and 2, where a support 21 is inserted between two building board levels 51A which are continuous and essentially occupy the entire wall surface. From the building boards 29 with standard dimensions or partial panels made from larger panels are used to complete the cladding outside the module dimensions permitted by the unit dimensions of the building boards

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To form walls of greater thickness, for example enclosing walls 53t (FIGS. 1 and Z) , skeletons are provided which are formed from supports 21 and cross members 23 »25, 27

and
and doubled by spacers, or transverse reinforcement brackets 55 are kept at a distance from each other ₃ In this case, a single inner building panel cladding 53A is provided on the inner skeleton and an outer building panel cladding 53B is provided on the outer skeleton of the wall unit 53 »The building board cladding © G. 53A and 53B are made from building boards which may be of the type shown in bsi 5 or thinner boards such as 29 »or other suitable building boards *

The distance between the posts 1 of each skeleton and thus the length of the cross members such as 23 "25 s 27 is ± n such a manner constructed, that the formation of openings for doors and / or windows, gegebenenf & lls suitably using transverse members length possible is . The recesses are precisely delimited by supports on both sides of the reveals as well as by cross members that form the upper and lower boundaries, corresponding to a lintel or threshold Constructions of an outer wall such as 55, it is possible to arrange suitable frames in the thickness of the wall, which can be attached in a suitable manner to the supports 21 of the two skeletons, in which the recesses are delimited accordingly.

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Inside a wall 51 or 53, it is possible värrne- and / or to install sound-absorbing insulating material or the like, ₀ in such a manner that a satisfactory insulating function is achieved.

In Fig. 13 is a connection shape between right-angled Walls illustrated. A wall, which is to be thought of as lying in the plane of the drawing, has an end support 21Y, with the cross members, for example 23Y | are connected «In A reinforcement 57 is attached to the support 21Y opposite the flanges 23A of the cross member 23Y, and by means of Brackets 591 which are fastened with through bolts 61 are also the flanges 23B of cross members, such as 23Z of a wall at right angles to the wall already mentioned attached. With 51C the slab layer is that of, the cross members 23Z limited wall designated, the building panels of which with the means already described on the flanges 23B of cross members 23Z are anchored · The thickness 57 is used when it is necessary to change the thickness of the plates or to compensate for the remaining difference, without the more expensive connection of two supports connected by spacers to fall back on. An outer wall, for example 53 in Fig. 2, can advantageously with a waterproof material or be clad with such a material that is able to carry other active agents and that on the paving 53 can be attached, which is formed from the building boards already described. In Figs. 19 to 23 is illustrates how it is possible to take this disguise

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Use, for example, plates of metal or other material (including synthetic resin) of suitable Size, for example, to build up four plates 29 ». With 63 are cladding panels of the type mentioned denotes, which have a flange 63A on one side and a U-profile 63B on the other side. The plate 63 can (compare FIGS. 21 and 22) equipped with suitable surface designs or hips for decorative and stiffening purposes be; the plates 63 have in each case on the inside on planar protruding elements 65, which with Slots 65A are formed by means of which each plate can be hung in four groove head screws 67, which by means of nuts 67A, for example, in central holes of four adjacent building panels are attached. The plates 63 are dimensioned so that the lower edges of the plates of a row are placed on the upper edges of the plates of the row below and the edges 63A in the U-profiles 63B of the engage adjacent plates. The building panels to be covered or covered are equipped with a hole in the middle, which is used to hold the grooved head screw 67, 67A «

In the fastening system it is provided that between the sand-cement building boards and the impermeable and or or decorative panels, (for example in porcelain laminate)

a gap is formed, which has an effective thermal insulation effect that favors or prevents suitable air circulation

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211212?

For the top cover dor Geeamtko ^ EteruIstioia. teöra.Ei © ia. (Fig. 6 and 8) Support (Birtdss =) 69 provided SQiS ₀ di © under the intermediate layer JicrizoE.ta.lsr support "Ji Ba ^ platteui 73 similar to the building boards 5 or 2 ° - on JieliasBp dio on di © small horizontal support- ' / 1 laid on vxtß. String this small connecting means 75? Similar to deia talt B5 b © se are connected »Above the sas this construction site'fe®Si '7 formed formwork can be a watertight eggad © e! Suara.g arranges _} which example from the plate 77 s the already described flatten 63 "gelsiid © t is ₀ di © iet are appropriately overlapped so that the JSimtiritt ν © si precipitation-water is disregarded",

Also in Fig. 6 imci ^ is des

under the roof ver-ansofaaulicht _s which forms = BräurolafefesEi 1, formed with ttsn already besoüir-iefeeaesa l and raised cross means kleisier bracket 7f ε-® · Clem v © b 83 divided S1 eiuge depends s ± eb. <sU

A prefabricated Koi-s * ärakti © E. IsaEim eaaelm ώΘΒ v © 12LstS.iL'2l assembly in a suitable tit scvshl lea deu-a feoifGits b © = - written constructions. as aiiefe kimsisa-felislk dos »gs ·« forderlichen »annigf & ltigea. Te-s ⁱ sor ⁱ g «iugsl © ä.'oKagea _c ula Uasaes? - Sewage, power line en O ₀ SgI ₁ J. whose SüS'oallation can at least partially be accommodated within ier B: l 3 ^ 8 ler wall frames, to be completed _: and the supports are provided with holes in a suitable manner for this purpose;

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on the other hand, certain lines must also be accommodated outside or only partially inside the thickness by Wall panel zones remain free. They are therefore suitable covering means for the inner surfaces of the rooms or forecourt are provided and examples thereof are shown in Figures 14-14 18 illustrates. For example, referring to FIG. 14, there is a Corner between two walls 51 by a strip or one Corner strip 85 covered or masked, which is held in a suitable * manner by a tie rod 87 anchored in the frame "

In Fig. 15 is a support 1 of the supporting structure indicated, which is completely covered or, with regard to the adjoining walls, only partially can be disguised. In both cases, rectangular parts 85 and narrow building panels 89 can be used, and these elements and members can be used in any suitable manner, for example as shown in Fig. 18, be connected according to the same principles as adjacent wall panels of a wall, for example by means of connecting links 91 »the in continuous Engage holes to which recesses close that allow the small connecting links 91 within the surface of the wall plate and to be covered with plaster.

To form, for example, a box structure for receiving pipes 93 or other lines that are partially within the thickness of the recessed in a suitable manner

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If wall panel 29 is to be accommodated, angle strips 85 and wall panels 89A can be provided, the cladding 85 »89A can be secured in a suitable manner by means of tie rods 95 be held "

The various supporting structures and the skeletons made of metal elements are fastened by means of screws or ' Bolts, but in any case without welds, which can lead to tension and deformation, assembled

The wall panels are pressed by wet pressing (generally with 10Jb of moisture when using the cement press system) produced, as this improves the function of a hygroscopic compensation, which is required with porous plates is.

The dimensions of the building boards made of sand cement or the like, as mentioned above, are important and must meet several conditions · The dimensions should be "modular" (standardized with regard to assembly), and preferably the building panels are rectangular and long Side is twice as large as the short one, so that a mixed arrangement with panels in vertical and horizontal Location is made possible. The weight, i. the crowd Each building board should be large enough to meet the requirements for maintaining comfortable room conditions to be fulfilled, but the building boards should be different

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on the other hand, be light enough to keep transport costs low and to facilitate handling during assembly. In addition, the building panels should be in large quantities without rejects in an automatic system in suitable sizes can be produced at low cost by pressing. For example the building boards can have surface dimensions of 30 χ 60 cm.

For the construction of a building, the foundations and subterranean construction parts are first used in conventional procedures "Then the construction of the load-bearing structures including the floors and Covers using standardized steel profiles of "modular" dimensions and preferably screws or Bolt manufactured. Then the wall skeletons are assembled using the parts 21, 23 »25» 27, then the Heating, plumbing and electrical systems or the like. Installed, and then the General Inspectorate follows “In conclusion the walls are covered with the building boards, the floors are laid, and then the painting follows ο «the like.

It should be noted that a wall skeleton composed of supports and cross members, after filling and insertion of Building panels in the parts of the load-bearing structure a level pool is formed, using screws or bolts in pairs act in the direction of the support width in such a way that the level position of the skeleton is guaranteed. The supports have that

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Function to connect the cross members, to interrupt the lengths and flat boundary surfaces for door and window recesses to accomplish.

Although one in the formation of a building board covering for a room of the strips or Eckleiaten in Figo 1 ^ can serve the type shown, adjacent building panels can also "merge into one another" be arranged by a free space is provided at the end corresponding to an angle which is dependent on the thickness of the first building board of an adjacent one Wall is covered.

28 and 29 illustrate a modified embodiment which differs from the previously described embodiments in some details _{or the like}

In this figure, the supports are designated by 101, which participate in the formation of a wall skeleton made of metal; 103 denotes a horizontal cross member which also forms part of the skeleton and consists of two symmetrical profiles which are connected to one another by spot welding or in any other suitable manner. The cross member has square extensions 103A at the end for attachment to a column by means of two screws. »Each cross member also has longitudinal flanges 103B with inwardly curved edges 103C for purposes of stiffening and anchoring the building panels.» The edges IO3C are on opposite sides of the width of a Cross member attached

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order and fight against each other,

Fig. 28 also shows building panels 29 with recesses 29A and through holes 29B for anchoring the wall panels in a similar way as described for the wall panels 5 and 29 · Sufficient rigid metal wires can be used for anchoring 105 are used so that a bent inner end 105A can be used to hang in the edges 103C «The wires 105 passing through the holes 29B of adjacent building boards ^ 29 go through, are in front at 105E, in the area of the depressions 29A, tied together, which then · plastered The wall panels 29 are also held by metal wires 107 which, after being passed through the holes 29B Adjacent building panels are tied together at 107E · The Building boards can also be glued together

Xn Pig 28 on the left and in Fig. 29 building panels 110 are shown, which are constructed in a different way in comparison to the sand-cement building boards described above and in P have a finished outer surface with regard to the assembly of the wall supported by the metal skeleton. The wall panels 110 can be made by pressing according to similar principles, as usual for cement tiles, namely with a first outer layer 110A made of valuable, selected materials and a second inner layer 110B made of a mixture of sand and cement. The first layer 110A can have an even bottom or several colors,

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so that a pattern or a certain aesthetic impression is created «The outer surface of the building board can when eating or afterwards by smoothing will·

A construction panel with surface finishing, like 110, must be anchored in such a way that any visible means of anchoring to the skeleton are covered This is achieved in that the building panels are attached by means of Versehraubungen, which are received in thin through holes with only limited plastering, or that a rear anchoring system is used, and in this case are in a wall with two paving slabs only the panels of one are made from ready-to-use panels such as 110.

In the embodiment shown in Figs the building panels 110 have a depression only on the inside 110C with a blind hole produced during pressing, in which a metal element 112, for example a pin ο «like. , anchored, and a slot 11 2A. is on on the side of the peg 112 which is turned away from that edge of the building board 110 on which the recess 110C flows out. The metal elements 112, 112A serve to connect adjacent building panels 110 medium * metal wires 114, the in the form of links corresponding to the recesses 110C. The metal elements 112, 112A also serve to anchor the building panels 110 to the transverse

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structure IO3 using metal elements 116 whose each equipped with two opposing slots, one of which is engaged by the edge 103C and the other of which is engaged sum anchoring a metal wire 118 is used, which is in the Slot 112A engages * The building panels 110 can also go along the contact lines of the thicknesses or shims must be glued

A wall surface formed from building panels 110, which with the h back is anchored to the skeleton may not require surface finishing, while one with the Building panels 29 or the like, formed wall surface in the wells and holes are to be cleaned, then painted, papered or the like can be.

Whatever the arrangement of the skeleton and the building board covering, there can always be between the skeleton and the Building board covering a soundproofing or formwork or Thermal insulation layer can be inserted, made in particular 'May consist of elastic material. One embodiment of this type is shown in Fig. 28, which reveals disks 120 of resilient material interposed between the building panels and the bent flanges 103B of the cross members are inserted. Suitable wells for the partial Record the thickness of the washers 120 or other Insulating pads can advantageously be produced when the building panels are pressed, and the panes or pads

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can be inserted into the recesses at least temporarily to facilitate assembly «

According to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 30 ff, a Wall skeleton Metal cage members of essentially the same construction to form supports and cross members. in the individual, the cross member consists of four square profiles 201, which together in a preferably square (imaginary) envelope surface. The four profiles 201 are connected by intermediate webs 203 and end plates 205. This is because these plates have small projections 205a that emerge from recesses in the edge of the plates in question are formed and to center the facing. Edges of profiles 207 serve from the inside, the one Form part of the supports of the wall skeleton. The metal elements, such as the cages 201, 205, are secured by means of screw clamps 209 clamped to the supports of the skeleton with hook-shaped extensions. Incidentally, the supports of the wall skeleton exist from the square profiles 207 and also have end plates 211 and inclined intermediate webs 213. Also the Plates 211 have narrow lugs 211A, which are in recesses 21 1B are made of the same plates, and the recesses 211B are deeper than the small lugs 21 IA bent out from the flanks of the same recesses are. The plates 211 serve for the engagement of the ends of the wall guide posts, which in the construction of a Are provided on the floor, under or on the construction

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a floor or a ceiling for the connection of the wall guides (which are described below and) which are arranged at right angles to each other, can Plates 215 (fig · 36) may be provided, their shape or outline for engagement in the guides is similar to that of the plates 211 of the cage supports 207, 211. The plates also have approaches 215A, which are at the edges of Recesses 215B are formed, the depth of which is greater than that Width of the approaches is *

The lower wall guides are of profiled sections with two spaced apart, open at the bottom U-profiles and thus with a wide central! U-shaped longitudinal cavity and the guides also have two outer lower end flanges 217A. Two flat profiles 219 are attached to these lower guides 217, for example by welding, and protrude on the inside at the central recess of the guides and form two spaced-apart edges ψ corresponding to projections 213A.Similar to the lower guides, upper guides 221 are also provided, which are arranged or designed symmetrically to the lower guides in relation to a horizontal plane, but have no external flanges like 217A and are provided with opposing flat profiles 223 the lugs 215A arranged. The face plates

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of the supports 207, 211 and the T-shaped connection plates 215 of the guides (Fig. 36) are amid planar surfaces 219 and 223 attached to a T-shaped head by means of screw clamps 225, that between the bottom of the recess 211B or 215B and approach 211A or 215A is adhered to,

Xn Fig. 37 is also an angle 227 for connecting a Support 207, 211 shown with a guide 217, 219 or 221, 223 which is at right angles to the one on which the support with the help of the lugs 211A and the clamps 225 is attached · This bracket has a recess with a shoulder 227A, similar to those marked with 215A for the Fastened with clamps 225, and also has lugs 227B similar to those designated with 2O5A for the single handle Profiles 207 of a support by means of clamps or clamps 209.

Xn Figs. 38 and 39 is a junction between two adjacent sections of a wall guide indicated, which is a lower guide in the embodiment, the from a section 217t 217A and two flat profiles 219 composed is «Sine slotted sleeve 229 is in the longitudinal inner cavity of the wall guide housed in such a way that the flanges of the slot this Sleeve on the inner edges of the Flaohprofile 219 (or 223) issue. By means of the clamps 225 with T-shaped «head is

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the sleeve 229 on. the two adjacent and aligned Sections of the wall guide attached so that a rigid connection of the same is made

The wall skeletons are made from the cage elements 201, 205 and 207t 211 are formed, and the building panels are on the wall skeletons attached «The skeletons are finely divisible Parts completed to be described no9h so that an adaptation to dimensions is made possible, which deviate from the ^ standardized "modular" dimensions, according to which the cage elements are included

In Pig · 33 there are in particular two typical ways of connecting the building panels to the profiles 201 of FIG horizontal cage elements indicated "The building panels are made of a material similar to that of conventional masonry, in particular from sand-cement owdgl", with or without a finished surface and with precisely aligned edges for precise fitting and gluing. P The building panels 231, which are to be fastened from the inside and do not require plaster, have tenons 233 which are of their back are anchored by gluing and have a slot, with the help of which adjacent pins with each other can be connected by a binding 235, which is each assigned to a cage element 201, 205; also can the pins 233 with their slots on the cage element by means of a binding 237 are tied, which the pin 233 with

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Buttons 239 that connect to the flanges of the profiles 201 are connected, which face away from the building panels. Building panels 241 which can be fastened from the outside and which subsequently are to be plastered, recesses 241A and Holes 241B through which pins 243 are inserted, which overlap the edges of the profiles 201 facing away from the building panels. The bolts 243 have a threaded end for the outside the inclusion of nuts 245, which is advantageous are each equipped with a circumferential groove that forms the connection between successive building panels in the vertical direction by binding with a link 247. D.e recesses 241A, in which the nuts 245 and the Binding 247 are then covered with plaster 249 covered. A building plate 241 advantageously has at least four depressions 241A, two on each horizontal long side. The building panels of the lower Row of a wall lie on the flanges 217A of the lower Wall guide 217. The contact between the building panels and the metal cage elements or the wall guides takes place due to the thickness of the sound or heat insulating insulation

The wall guides 217 and 221 are suitably connected to the surfaces of floor and ceiling structures S or St connected. To determine the position of the wall guides and thus the position of the wall in relation to the load-bearing

S construction and thus also on the constructions and S1

anchor bolts 251 (Fig. 35) are provided, which by means of

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Nuts and lock nuts and brackets are attached to the flat profiles 219 or 223, and the end of these anchor bolts screw engages in suitable holes made at the same time in constructions S and SI

PigKO shows a further possibility of connecting two adjacent building panels Zh 1 with opposing depressions 241A and holes 2 ^ 1B, which can be provided in the vertical edges of the building panels, here too, connecting links 253 and plaster 255 * can be provided

Xn Fig. KO also shows the connection of a support 207, 211, 213 with a wall skeleton standing at right angles to it Lock the square profiles 201 at a suitable height so that they cross each other *

In addition, a special type of screw bolt 263 is shown in FIG. 10 , which is useful for certain cases, for example for connecting building board sections 265 and other purposes. A connecting link 267 can also be provided between a building board or a part of it and the profile 207 of the support.

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JE »

Xn Figure "Ή bia kj iat the type and Weis · de & composition ·" a thick Vand, for example, an outer wall, represented · However, the arrangement iat similar to that of a thin intermediate wall "In FIG · 4i and k2 iat particular the nature of the compound of ( single or double) wall skeleton with the main frame bsw * with the construction · illustrates ι the one recess to be filled in with a Vand® opening «269 denotes pillars of the main frame of a building«, and between every two adjacent pillars, for example, a vaad with a Wall skeleton made of metal cage elements 201, 205 and 207, 211 can be built in * Is a substantial part of the Ifasa & siteelettes made of supports 20? _t 21t and mas% u®r articulate SQt _$ 203 «Bas wall skeleton is completed by airaes ainateividable part 5 eier 4an Abstanci, or space st-jiachau the dam columns So ^ -öorbröokt ₀ St! ^ .las®m Zweck siadl Mokl © Quer = members 27? aic Ye ?? b ± RG.iJOCcK * 2, Gos. rar-Aseiaoa 'oi © o ^ S tut β © BO ¹ J ₀ 211 s which is in Pige ^ -2 alXgeaoiis Tsοi 273 asige &otä-öo'ö is _s

sr zxraltzn Stilts® 207 g

BI I ₅

detttet is provided for j «Bic-o old help dar rolwfiirmiges ^

be adjustable ma3 _? & tnd Eiä, ¹ ".; iicli den Plnt ^ an. P, 05 _t , c-no sai; uns.tshSng ^ .g are ΐτ: ^ν : 1: n? it dan profiles 207" G ^

the general.-boi 275 "

St1it ^ © a _s dloran Afestaacl

odsz? Eüiooa
377 “Ira tiooo

oil

ax

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

209628 / QSSI

This · sleeve may be secured 277 by set pins or cotter pins 279 on one of the plates and through which it is in the hole of the other plate 277 'is passed to be slidably · on the sleeve or the hollow cross member 271 iet a displaceable attachment means or connecting means slidably mounted, which is formed from transverse plates 281 and profiles 283 similar to profiles 201 and in a similar structure and allows the anchoring of screws, such as 2 ^ 3 »for fastening the building boards or building board parts *

Venn the wall skeleton formed in this catfish, se that its width is adjustable by means of the sleeves 271 and the eingr® in the Wandführusigen ± ft _s it is isägliehj © in® (single or double) wall zwisohsn swoi supports or columns, such as 269 »To be built in ^ a» to this: S ¹ WSGk siad die Ehö · = support with plates 285 hall! eh. 277 anc ^ astattet, the j @ ciooii horizontal tenon 28? "have the kalen in b <s3ug directed to the Vandskelatt outwardly siads Sutlang Jose ver'äi 'end of a stud Wandskslsttes Bislirero times 287 arranged slidably dis singrsifon in Löcnor in. the HaiiptraliiBeixwey ^ lc obeiifalLs, VTN. das S '<3iz & n baw ₃ Bcslittnge: ^ nielri zu behiadarn "According to fig" hi and ks. is c-in Tiaisäskele-ot c>, - ö its own tenon 287 iti plattaaför ^ igeiz Eü ^ oiix? 389, which is attached to the Säul-ra P.69 by means of Scliraitben. 29'c or other suitable Mittal attached; sirria Σ11 Figo kl uad. ^ 3 is also recognizable j wi © die 2apfeti 287 with a column 2to9; -

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

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attached to a pool of the same, can be connected * A U-shaped section 293 with outer edge flanges, which is screwed to the column 269, for example using the same screws 291 * as those used, is used for this purpose the brackets 289 are attached. The pegs 287 are in holes added in the lower part of the U-shape, while the diverging planes of section 293 at. the ends are pressed against column 269 or equivalent structure.

In Fig. 41 and h "} it is also illustrated how the building panels (for example of the 2k \ type) can be connected to a column 269 at an angle or aligned Type, can be used, and a profile section 293A ₁ similar to that designated 293 can be used, which can be fastened, for example, with the same screws 291 of the bracket 289, but rests on the column 269 with the middle part, while the diverging end flanges serve for the attack of bolts 263 or the like «When arranging building panels in the manner just described on a column 269 or the like, insulating spacers or wedges can also be used *

Pig42 also shows a connection between two adjacent

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standing wall skeletons that form a double wall cder Form a thicker wall »This is achieved by welding spacer members 295 to plates 297 and using Counter plates 299 the planes of the profiles 207 of the supports (or possibly also the profiles 201 of the cross members) grasp·

In Figs. 32 and 44 is a support 301 of a floor, in particular an enclosure support is shown which is attached to columns such as 269 (see also Fig.36) by means of suitable plates.

P is welded to the end of the pillar sections 269 and form attachment nodes for the girders · With 303 plates are welded to a floor girder for the attachment of further beams, such as secondary beam 305, welded on, which in the exemplary embodiment are also designed as I-profiles «The carriers 305 carry the Ends of welded plates 307 »those also with the plates or other equivalent plates using screws 309 or similar connecting means can be connected · Es

- It should be mentioned that the corresponding surfaces of the Plates 307 and 303 ο «the like, in the interests of a flawless Machined to fit together · A plate can also be used to fix a bracket 311 that supports the outer wall guides 221 and 217X overlaps that the Flanges 217 are similar but do not have flanges corresponding to 217A, and the wall guides are 217X arranged along the row of outer building panels 313, the one

209829/0553

Form a continuous outer wall · In Fig. 32 and 44, the building board Zk ^ X is shown equipped with an upper frame in the area of the ceiling. are attachable. The panels 315 can also be of a type similar to that of the building panels 241 or 231. Resistant floor building panels are denoted by 317, which are even thicker than those described above and form the floor construction when they are removed and 305 as well as on connecting beams 319, which are provided in the spaces between adjacent beams 305 and attached to them by means of plates 320 welded to the beams 319 and plates 321 welded to the beams 30I or 305. like Support bolts for the ceiling panels 315 and anchor screws for the panels 317 can be anchored to the smaller girders 319. The building plates 321 can also be used to anchor the brackets 311

The pillars 269 have end plates 327 (Fig. 32) that are welded on and fitted together by means of Terminal screws are machined with corresponding end plates 329 of an overlying column. Also the foot

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main floor beams, such as 301 and 305 »are with end plates 303, 307 that are welded on and fit together are machined with counter plates on the pillars and on the same beams. Plates, like 329 or others can also have a step, for example for the support and precise determination of the position of the end plates 307 of the Floor support 305 or the like. in terms of height.

In Figo 32, building panels 331 of an outer wall are Darge provides that of cross members 201, 205 and 293A of profiles or other equivalent means are carried «The outer wall is provided with protective formwork, for example made of molded formwork tiles 333 made of porcelain can be formed, which are partially stacked and form a continuous protective surface. This formwork panels 333 can be carried for example with the help of pins 335, which engage in the building panels 331 and with Grooves are provided, in which the edges of recesses engage like a wedge, around the formwork tiles 333 from the inside to carry here »

Figure 31 shows how an impermeable cladding can be made. In this case, carriers ' Jk 1 are used, which can be made like a framework and have a suitable inclination on the upper side. The .Befestigungsbügel 3 ^ -3 iiti the ends of these trusses are used to 'attach the floor beams, for example 3 ^ i.

•"8th -

2 0 y U,: !) / 0 hb:!

3 ^ 5 designates the building boards placed on the truss 3 ^ 1, 3 ^ 3 to form the surface on which the cover 3 ^ 7 »consisting of several impermeable layers can be placed. This cover is extended at 3 ^ 7A and forms a connection for covering the end panels 3 ^ 9. The outer walls are supplemented in the area of the cover by short supports 207 »211 and cross members associated with these, which are formed by cage elements 201, 205. _{Wall guides 221X 1} similar to those designated 221 can be provided on the upper end wall. A cladding 351 can be provided to cover the outer walls or inner walls as protection against the ingress of water. This cladding has flanges which, on the one hand, overlap the extension 3 ^ 7A and, on the other hand, the outer cladding formed by the formwork depths 333 made of porcelain.

The various constructions described

offer the possibility of accommodating lines for various installations or supply lines in the gap formed by those in the vertical and horizontal directions. The double walls, which are formed from two adjacent skeletons, can also accommodate suitable tension struts or turnbuckles between the two skeletons, as illustrated, for example, at 353 in FIGS . K5 and k6 «And be anchored to the pillars by means of abutments 357, and the latter abutments 357

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2132927

HO

can, for example, on brackets, similar to those marked with 289! to be welded

With knowledge of the teaching conveyed, there is the possibility of manifold modifications for the person skilled in the art without Deviation from the inventive idea "

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Claims (1)

Claims C 1 · jConstruction of prefabricated elements for the - S construction of buildings, in particular of walls, characterized by a skeleton of metal elements which are screwed together to form flat boundary surfaces, which are covered with two or more layers of building boards made of sand-cement or the like like that are attached to the metal elements of the skeleton by mechanical means. 2 · Construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the skeleton consists of supports and horizontal cross members of "modular" (uniformly standardized) length is formed, which are connected to each other by pairs of screws that ensure the level position of the skeleton that the Cross members have longitudinal lips or flanges for anchoring the building panels and that the supports and Cross members to form the boundary surfaces (soffits) of recesses for doors and windows are suitable 3 · Construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has lower cross members with projecting Panels are equipped for supporting the building panels « - 41 - 209829/0553 4, construction according to one of claims 1 to 3> characterized in that they are used to change the size of the skeleton compared to the "modular" (standard) sizes pairs of spacers, which connect supports arranged at a distance to be set from one another. 5 · Construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a wall skeleton is attached to the support frame by means of pins, the relative movements allow and thereby form a non-rigid connection and that the pins with the frame optionally in one piece or are firmly connected and are received in holes in the end support of the wall skeleton. 6, construction according to one of claims 1 to 5> characterized in that the building panels are pressed into shapes with a precise shape and size and with training, Seats, holes or eyelets for fastening with mechanical ψ a degree of accuracy on the skeleton are made, 7. Construction according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized in that the building panels according to methods of cement tile and panel production at the exposed Surface are produced ready for use. 2098 29/0553 8. Construction according to. Claim 71 characterized in that that arranged with the building panels on their rear side hook pins are combined from the wells protrude from the rear, and that the hook pins as Anchoring for metal wires for fastening adjacent ones Building panels serve on each other and on the metal skeleton. 9. Construction according to. Claim 8, characterized in that that the lips or flanges of the transverse links have an inwardly curved shape Edge have to attack the elements equipped with two opposing slots ability, with a slot for engagement with the The flange of the cross member and the other for the engagement of the metal wire for tying the building board, and that the attachment to the back of the surface finish Area takes place. 10. Construction according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that that the building boards have holes or eyelets along their edges and / or have depressions where the building boards with the cross members, by brackets, brackets, clamps, screw pins or the like. can be fastened and that the brackets, Bracket, screw pins or the like. recorded in the wells are so that they are then plastered can· - k'3 209829 / 0BB3 11. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building panels along their Edges - on the side of the metal construction - for example circular recesses to partially accommodate Insulating pieces or wedges (rubber disks, plastic disks, etc.), which for damping physical Phenomena, especially sound waves, between the Building panels and the metal structures are to be inserted 12. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, da- ψ characterized in that the cladding panels can be brought into engagement with the wall panels, so that they form an impermeable lining or formwork, and that the cover panels can be fastened to fasteners that are in holes in the Wall panels are attached, and that the cladding or shuttering panels form an insulating air gap or air circulation gap « 13 · Construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has horizontal tile coverings, form the floors and ceilings and are made of building panels similar to those of the walls, and which, by means of brackets, Ironing, screwing devices, clamps or the like. to the support frame and / or anchored to the supporting girders 14. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the metal elements that make up a wall - kk - 209829/0553 Form a skeleton, each from four square or in a square arranged profiles ο «like. In the shape of a cage are formed and are formed with end plates for attachment and with interconnections; and that the edges the square profiles ο "like. for connecting the Building boards are suitable. 15 construction according to claim 14, characterized in that that the end plates as well as plates and narrow connecting plates or squares have approaches that lead to the Centering by interacting with the inward-facing Edges of the metal cage elements of an element standing at right angles and with the edges of wall guides to serve" 16. Construction according to claim 15 »characterized in that that the approaches are formed on both sides of a recess into which a clamping screw or clamp can be inserted, whose T-shaped head is held between the bottom of the recess and the approaches. 17 · Construction according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized characterized in that they are two particularly flat along the upper and lower sides of a wall skeleton Has profiles, the profiled guides are welded with two adjacent U-shaped formations are, between whose inner edges the approaches of the end 209829/0553 plates of the cage elements forming the supports centered are, 18. Construction according to claim 12, characterized in that that adjoining lengths of the particularly flat Profiles and the guides are connected to one another by slotted longitudinal sleeves and by clamping screws or jaws or ferrules are attached with a T-shaped head which engages the slot in the sleeve. 19 · Construction according to one of claims Ik to 18, characterized in that it has side plates which are provided with centering lugs and with clamping screws or the like. are attached to the cage elements, and that these plates have tenons or pins which can be slidably inserted into the holes of brackets which are welded or screwed to the supports of a main support frame. P 20. Construction according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized characterized in that it has side panels with centering approaches are equipped and the cage elements with clamping screws or the like. are attached, that the plates have holes in which tubular spacers are housed, along which they are slidable Profile sections are arranged, the cross section of which is similar to that of the cage elements, for attachment - k6 - 209829/0553 of building panels in the spaces between supports-n, to change the horizontal extent of the wall skeleton deviating from the "modular" (standard) Size are arranged at an adjustable distance from each other. 21. Construction according to one of claims 1 ^ to 20, characterized characterized in that they have spacing and connecting members between adjacent cage elements for the formation of walls of the thickness of the enclosing walls, with plates and counter plates the Clamp the edges of facing profiles of the two adjacent cage elements together. 22. Construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it supports and supports the skeleton in the form of an I-profile with welded and machined machined panels, through which the various major and minor components of the skeleton in exactly are locked in right-angled positions, and that in addition to bracing and stiffening tie rods or Turnbuckles are provided. 209829/0 5 53 . Blank page