DE2629870A1 - CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS AND METHODS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION - Google Patents

Description

PAT ENTAN ELECT

DR.A.VAN DERWERTH DR. FRANZ LEDERER REINER F.MEYER

DlPL-ING. (1934-1974) DIPL.-CHEM. DIPL.-ING.

E.g. Zo O / U 8000 MUNICH 80

LUCILE GRAHN STREET

TELEPHONE: (089) 472947 TELEX: 524624 LEATHER D TELEGR .: LEATHER PATENT

2nd July 1976

M / Ra

P.COL.Ol / DT

L eopold COIARD ₇ 29A rue Bonnet, 7613 Taintignies / Belgium

Construction elements and processes for their manufacture

The invention relates quite generally to construction elements, such as a supporting wall, a supporting ceiling or vault or an insulating ceiling or insulating vault and also a building roof.

There are already known construction methods that of formwork Make use, which are intended to accommodate 3eton, which is possibly reinforced. After the concrete has hardened, these formworks are removed and the concrete becomes possibly then equipped with a facing, which can optionally consist of an insulating material.

The invention relates to construction elements which are produced by means of a method that can be carried out simply and quickly can be used by using relatively inexpensive materials that also provide good thermal insulation of the building.

The construction elements according to the invention are characterized by that they are made of cast concrete and that at least one

6098 ^ 3/1359

Field made of a thermally insulating material as formwork for the 3eton is used and is firmly connected to the concrete after it has hardened.

The invention also relates to a method for producing the construction elements by pouring concrete into a formwork, which method is characterized in that the formwork has at least one field made of thermally insulating material, that is firmly connected with the beguiling.

The fields used according to the invention made of thermally insulating Material are preferably made of a cellular or foamy, solid material, natural or artificial Made of origin. This can be polyurethane foam or cork, but preference is given to one expanded polystyrene.

The general principle of the invention is for various uses applicable. It can be used to produce a supporting wall that has at least one field of a thermally insulating Material / the thickness of which essentially corresponds to that of the wall to be constructed, vertical possibly reinforced concrete columns, which are cast into the mass of the fields, and has a horizontal bar that connects to the top of the fields is in contact and is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the pillars to form a skeleton.

According to an advantageous feature, the horizontal bar, which is in contact with the upper edge of the field or fields, be a reinforced concrete beam, which if necessary at least part of its height in a channel in the upper edge of the field or fields. That way will achieved an excellent mechanical resistance of the unit produced in this way.

According to a variant, the production of the field of the element of the supporting wall can be simplified and made more economical. For this purpose, the field is a composite field, i.e. from a relatively thick body from a thermal

" ³ " 609883 / 135§

insulating material and of at least one proportionate formed thin cover plate. At least one of the faces of the pouring holes and the pouring channel for the pillars and beams of the The skeleton is formed by the cover plate. In practice, the body of the field has on one of its surfaces on the one hand vertical gutters with three sides and on the other a horizontal one Recess with two sides. The cover plate, which is applied against this surface of the body field, closes laterally these vertical gutters and these above <=> re horizontal Recess of the body to form the formwork of the skeleton. The body of the field can also be on one of its surfaces on the one hand have vertical grooves with three sides and, on the other hand, an upper horizontal recess with two sides. Furthermore is located the cover plate is at a distance from the surface of the body of the field with the interposition of inserts, and closes the cover plate with these the vertical channels and the upper horizontal recess of the body to form the formwork of the skeleton. In this latter case, concrete filler can be provided between the body of the field, the Cover plate and the inlays are cast outside the pillars of the skeleton.

For the same purpose, in another variant, the field of more than one relatively thick body is made of thermally insulating material Material and formed by relatively thin cover plates, which are applied against the surfaces of the body of the field are. The same distances are provided between the individual body parts in order to allow the limit vertical pouring holes for the vertical pillars of the skeleton. Limit the upper areas of each individual body with the upper parts of the cover plates the upper horizontal pouring channel for the beam of this skeleton. Spaces between the upper areas of the body parts of the field are closed by suitable partial shuttering floors.

For the same purpose, in a supplementary variant, the field consists of two relatively thick half-fields of one

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6098Ö3 / 13E9

thermally insulating material, which are arranged equidistant from one another with the interposition of inserts, the opposing half fields on the one hand vertical grooves with three sides and on the other hand upper horizontal recesses own with two sides. The inlays limit the vertical grooves with the opposite vertical grooves Pouring holes for the pillars of the skeleton and, in addition, with the opposite horizontal recesses the horizontal Casting trough for the skeleton beam. In this case, concrete filling compounds can also be provided between the half-fields and the inlays are cast outside the pillars of the skeleton.

The or each body of the field is preferably made of plastic, such as polystyrene or polyurethane, while the or each cover plate is made of plastic, asbestos cement, plaster of paris, fletall, wood or agglomerated wood and the inserts consist of wood, agglomerated wood or plastic.

The surfaces of the walls formed in this way can of course be coated with a cladding. Thus, the outer surfaces, i.e. those in the open air located surfaces, these tusks with a masonry, solid panels, for example made of asbestos cement, or with another the usual disguise. The inner surfaces of the walls according to the invention, i.e. those on the rooms of a building adjacent areas can be equipped with a uandvark cladding which can consist of pure plaster of paris or any other coating, such as decorative panels or tiles, etc., which are usually used for the preparation of the interior walls of buildings or apartments x ^ earth. For the construction of a supporting wall of the specified type is on a suitable basis at least one panel of a thermally insulating material with a Thickness trimmed essentially equal to that of the wall to be produced, this field after its trimming has vertical holes extending from its lower edge to its upper edge and at predetermined intervals are provided along the length of the panels. In each of the holes -. • / ground pillars of concrete poured, and the upper ends of the so-

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cast columns are made by means of a horizontal beam connected with each other.

The horizontal bar is advantageously achieved by that concrete is poured into a gutter which is provided in the upper edge of the fields and in which the vertical holes end up.

The vertical holes provided in the fields as well as the horizontal channel provided in the upper edge of the fields are in advantageously equipped with steel rods that serve as inserts or reinforcements, before pouring the Concrete in these holes and this gutter.

The invention is also concerned with the manufacture of an insulating blanket. In this regard, it is known that in the manufacture of a known insulating blanket, which at the bottom with a If the false ceiling is fitted, first a vault is created and then the components of the false ceiling are attached to this Ceiling to be attached. To produce the vault, prefabricated vault elements are placed side by side on walls or girders are laid, or a reinforced concrete ceiling is used poured onto a formwork equipped with suitable inserts. To make the false ceiling, its components are used attached to the lower surface of the prefabricated vault by being pinned, anchored or suspended. Thus, in the known embodiments, the components the false ceiling attached to the prefabricated vault every time.

According to the invention, an insulating blanket of the type specified above can be installed on the building site quickly and easily with the aid one or more support plates or vaults with the components of the false ceiling that were previously installed, produce. Thus, on the one hand, the production of an insulating blanket is very economical, since the wrong blanket is at the same time produced with the manufacture of the vault or the vault elements on the other hand, the production of the insulating blanket is and is safer, since the components of the false blanket are previously attached to the

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Vault or the vault elements as an integral part have been provided.

For this purpose, prefabricated blocks, preferably Made of plastic, used, optionally by at least one plate or a field, preferably made of plastic or plaster-based. With the help of the prefabricated Blocks a lower formwork is formed, which has in these blocks and / or between these longitudinal and / or transverse channels that are open at the top. Longitudinal and / or transverse inserts are arranged in these channels. Concrete turns into formation in these channels poured in by beams that form a reinforced concrete skeleton on which the blocks and possibly the slab or the Cling field. Finally, a top layer of concrete is poured onto at least these blocks.

if the blocks are not supported by the plate or the field, v / ground them arranged next to each other to form the lower formwork. In this case, in order to ensure a good lateral connection of the blocks, these are placed along their neighboring ones Edges designed to interlock with each other.

Vienn the blocks are carried by the plate or field they are attached to this plate or field to form the lower formwork.

The support plate or vault produced by this method is characterized by a skeleton made of reinforced concrete, which is supported by Longitudinal and / or transverse bar is formed. The prefabricated blocks and optionally the plate or field adhere to the Reinforced concrete skeleton. The blocks are arranged one next to the other without the plate or field, but more preferred Way their adjacent edges interlock with each other. The blocks carried by the plate or field So keep a distance from each other and are attached to the plate or field. The blocks can be hollow or full.

Another application of the invention is on the roofs of buildings.

609883/1389

Heretofore, the roofs of buildings have been made from beams, generally made of wood, perpendicular to the slope of the roof run and rest on roof truss ties made of wood or metal. These beams are at the base of the roof wing (gutter), arranged at the gable of the roof wing (ridge) and between the base and the gable. On the other hand, rafters are or small beams made of wood or metal are attached to the beams, orienting them according to the slope of the roof. In addition, battens or poles are generally made of wood on the rafters or small joists perpendicular to the Arranged pitch of the roof. Finally, roof tiles or slate are attached to the battens or poles.

The guard part is characteristic of the known roofs, not prefabricated Owning elements and requiring their individual components to be fully assembled on site. The production costs for these known roofs are therefore particularly high.

The invention enables the production of a roof element that is prefabricated in a factory quickly and therefore inexpensively. In addition, the "new roof element according to the invention relatively light, which reduces the dead weight of the roof and thus also the loads borne by the building skeleton v / earth. In addition, the element is thermally insulating, which prevents heat losses from the building through the roof noticeably reduced.

For the inventive prefabrication and manufacture of a Roof element, a base plate made of thermally insulating material is provided. Plastic blocks rest on this base plate, where they cling to. Own these plastic blocks on their upper surface parallel grooves or form them between each other, which extend partially or completely over the height of the blocks. Are inserts or pre-stressed wires arranged in the gutters, and concrete masses are practically up to the top edge between the inserts or the prestressed wires The plastic blocks are potted, with the pre-stressed wires

609883 / 13S9

stretched before pouring the concrete and after it has hardened of the poured concrete are then relaxed. This means that beams made of reinforced or prestressed concrete are used for the roof elements achieved, with the beams ensuring the flexural strength of the prefabricated elements. The one for making The concrete used in the beam can be nailed in the hardened or solid state. On the other hand, the end areas of the deposits occur or prestressed wires of the beams through the ends of the gutters, standing with respect to the edges of the prefabricated ones Elements to the side in front.

In the manufacture of these roof elements, provision is also made for the wooden slats to be nailed onto the beams in the factory being perpendicular to them. In addition, the base plate of these roof elements is advantageous; feise made of polystyrene, polyurethane, gypsum or agglomerated wood, which materials are relatively poor conductors of heat.

To produce and erect a roof, the roof egg ducks to be described in more detail are used according to the inclination of the roof wings arranged side by side. The lower edges of the roof elements are in a horizontal upper beam made of reinforced or pre-stressed concrete poured into the corresponding wall. In addition, the upper edges of the roof elements are in turn in one Ridge beams cast in reinforced or prestressed concrete.

609883/1359

Other features and details of the invention emerge from the following description of the associated Drawings schematically and exclusively by way of example different embodiments of the construction elements according to the invention represent; in the drawings shows:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of one in an inventive Wall used field, whereby certain parts of this field are omitted or broken away for reasons of illustration,

Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1, but with the vertical holes and the horizontal gutter of the field pillars and a beam of reinforced concrete are added,

Figure 3, horizontal sections of other special details

5, 7, 9 guide forms of an improved element of a and 11 load-bearing wall with the help of a composite

Field,

Figure 4, vertical partial sections along the line IV-IV of

6, 8, 10 Figure 3, the line VI-VI of Figure 5, the line and 12 VIII-VIII of Figure 7, the line X-X of the figure

and the line XII-XII of Figure 11,

FIG. 13, vertical sections through three embodiments 15 and 17 of a support plate,

FIG. 4 side views of a prefabricated block consisting of and 16 from the support plates of FIGS. 13 and 15,

FIG. 13 shows a cross section through a first embodiment a roof element according to the invention,

FIG. 19 shows a longitudinal section through a roof element containing a roof element Formwork, including to explain the manufacture of the same,

FIG. 20 a perspective view of a roof according to the invention,

FIG. 21 shows a section to show the connection of the new roof with the corresponding supporting wall,

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FIG. 22 another section to show the roof ridge,

Figure 23 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the roof panel according to the invention,

Figure 2-4 is a perspective view of a third embodiment the roof element according to the invention and

FIG. 25, analogous to FIG. 22, shows a different type of formation the formwork of the ridge beam.

In these different figures, like reference numerals indicate identical elements.

Figure 1 shows a field for use in an inventive Tragraauer is determined? this field, which can consist of expanded polystyrene, is in its entirety with 1 designated. It has holes 2 square cross-section at certain intervals along its length, those from its lower Edge 3, which stands on a 3asis 4, which is the foundation a building 'can be up to its upper edge 5 are performed. The holes 2 can have any cross-section. In the upper edge 5 of the field 1, a horizontal channel 6 is embedded.

The field of Figures 1 and 2 is also interlocking Equipped connecting means, which by a pin or fold 7 and a recess or a slot 8 are formed. Of course, other connecting means can also be provided.

As FIG. 2 shows in particular, there are metallic inserts 9 and 10 in the vertical holes 2 and in the horizontal channel 6, respectively arranged. Concrete pillars 11 are formed in the holes 2, while a concrete beam 12 is formed in the gutter 6.

According to Figure 3 to 12, there is the skeleton of the supporting wall element of at least two vertical columns 21 and a horizontal beam 22 connecting the upper ends of the columns 21. This

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The skeleton has been developed with a view to the absorption and sole bearing of the loads brought into effect on the supporting wall and calculated.

The field supported by the skeleton does not contribute to the resistance of the supporting wall. The field is always off a thermally insulating material. There are vertical holes provided on the top of the vertical open into the upper channel. The vertical holes and the vertical upper channel together form a casting formwork for columns 21 and a bar 22. For this purpose, metallic inserts 2 3 and 24 arranged in the classic way in the holes and the channel and concrete masses 25 and 26 poured there to after their Curing to form the pillars 21 and the 3alken 22. It thus becomes a monolithic structure with the skeleton and the filling panel of the supporting wall Unity created. If necessary, the steel inserts can be replaced by pre-tensioned wires, which are in front of the Pouring the concrete masses 25 and 26 are stretched and relaxed after the concrete has hardened, the production of the element also takes place in the factory. In fact, the embodiments shown differ essentially by the design of the filling field.

In the first exemplary embodiment (FIGS. 3 and 4), the filling field is formed by a body 27, the thickness of which is slightly weaker than that of the finished supporting wall element.

The outer surface 28 of the body 27 is flat or smooth, while the inner surface 29 of the body 27 is the same as vertical grooves 31 Has length, which, however, are less deep than the grooves 30, the grooves 30 and 31 being provided on three sides. on the other hand is the cover plate 32, for example made of plaster of paris, metal, plastic, wood or a wood agglomerate against the Inner surface 29 of the body 27 applied, the channels 30 and 31 being closed. The grooves 30 form vertical holes for the casting of the columns 21 of the skeleton, while the channels 31 each have a nailable, for example, in the hardened state

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609883 / 13S9

Take up lightweight concrete 3 3.

In its upper part, the body 2 7 has a horizontal recess 34 with two vertical surfaces, in particular communicates with the vertical holes formed by the aforementioned grooves 30. The upper part of the cover plate 32 laterally closes the recess 34, in which one upper horizontal channel is formed, which is open at the top and is used for pouring the beam 22 of the skeleton.

The second example (FIGS. 5 and 6) differs essentially from the first example in that the body 27 is thinner and that the cover plate 32 is arranged at a distance from the inner surface 29 of the body 27. In this In the case of the body 27, for example, has only grooves 30 with a smaller depth. Furthermore, inlays 35 are made of wood or Plastic is provided between the body 27 and the cover plate 32 on both sides of each of the channels 30 and between them.

Thus, the inserts 35 limit together with the cover plate and the walls of the channels 30, the vertical pouring holes for the Pillars 21 of the skeleton. On the other hand, lightweight concrete masses 36 fill the cavities between the body 27 and the cover plate 32 and the inlays 35 outside the pillars 21 of the skeleton.

In addition, the cavity 34 is also less deep in the first Case, and are part formwork floors 37 between the body 27, the cover plate 32 and the inserts 35 to close the horizontal Launder provided for the beam 22 of the skeleton.

The third example (FIGS. 7 and 5) differs from the second example essentially in that the inserts are smaller and thinner 33 in relation to the inserts 35. The inserts 38 are in connection with seals 39, for example made of soft plastic arranged between the body 27 and the cover plate 32, and not only on both sides of the grooves 30 of the body 27, but also between the channels 30.

In the fourth example (FIGS. 9 and 10) the fill field is from formed more than one body 27, which follow one another,

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are aligned with one another and are arranged equidistant from one another.

Each body 27 has vertical grooves 31 with three sides its outer surface 28 and its inner surface 29. In this case, two identical cover plates 32 are against the surfaces 28 and

29 of the body 27 is applied. The cover plates thus close 32 the channels 31 as well as the spaces 30 between the body sections 27, these spaces 30 for pouring the Pillars 21 of the skeleton are used. In addition, there are also lightweight concrete masses 33 poured into the grooves 31, which are also closed.

Finally, the upper sections 40 of the body parts 27, which are connected to suitable and not shown partial formwork floors, the floor of the upper, horizontal pouring channel for the beam 32 of the skeleton, this groove laterally on both sides through the upper areas of the cover plates 32 is limited.

In the fifth example (FIGS. 11 and 12), the filling field is formed by two half-fields 41 and 42 which are equidistant from one another are held by means of inserts 4 3 made of wood or plastic. Each half field 41 or 42 has a smooth outer surface 44 and an inner surface 45 equipped with grooves. The grooves 30 are vertical, not very deep and opposite one another in pairs arranged. The deposits 4 3 are on both sides of the pairs of channels

30 as well as between these pairs. Thus, the inserts 43 and the walls of the channels 30 delimit the pouring holes for the Pillars 21 of the skeleton. In addition, are lightweight concrete masses 36 cast into the areas located between the inlays 43 and the shark fields 41 and 42 in addition to the pillars 21 of the skeleton.

On the other hand, the half-molds 41 and 42 each have one at the top horizontal recess 34 with two sides. Partial formwork floors are also between the half-forms 41 and 42 to the lower limit the horizontal upper launder for the beam 22 of the skeleton.

.609883 / 1369

In Figures 13 to 17 is a support plate according to the invention shown, which is used to produce a false ceiling or an insulating ceiling.

The supporting wall has a skeleton 51 made of reinforced concrete, which is essentially formed by longitudinal and transverse beams 52. The supporting wall also has prefabricated blocks 5 3, preferably made of plastic, between the beams 52. The prefabricated Blocks 53 make it possible to create a false ceiling at the bottom, directly on the one created by the support plate Clinging to the ceiling. The SöLken 52 are on top by means of a concrete layer 54 connected to each other, which is reinforced, for example, by a metal grid.

The first embodiment (Figures 13 and 14) are prefabricated Blocks 53 arranged horizontally side by side, interlocking along their edges; each block 53 has along at least one of its edges a lateral spring 55, which for engagement in a corresponding lateral groove 56 in the edge of the adjacent adjoining Blocks 5 3 is determined. The lower surfaces 57 of the blocks 5 3 extend in the same horizontal plane, which forms the lower level of the ceiling. The upper surfaces 58 of the blocks 53 have longitudinal and / or transverse grooves 59, which after are open at the top. In the case under consideration, the grooves 59 are on the one hand between the edges of the blocks 5 3 and on the other hand along the edges (FIG. 13) adjacent to these 31 blocks 53.

The grooves 59 serve to accommodate the beams 52, which each consist of a concrete mass, which are through metallic longitudinal and / or transverse systems 60 is reinforced.

The blocks 53 adhere to the skeleton 51 as a unit, forming the complete monolithic supporting wall.

For juxtaposing the prefabricated blocks 53 are their adjacent edges are designed to engage in one another in an advantageous manner.

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609883/13 B 9

In the second embodiment (Figures 15 and 15) are the prefabricated Blocks on a plate 61, for example made of plastic, or arranged on a plate-shaped base and firmly connected to it. Those from blocks 5 3 and plates or Units consisting of fields 61 are also arranged horizontally next to one another. The lower surfaces 62 of these units extend in the same horizontal plane as the forms the lower level of the ceiling. The upper surfaces 6 3 of the blocks 53 have grooves 59 between these blocks 53 and the plates or fields 61 are arranged.

The beams 52 of the skeleton 51 are arranged in the channels 59 and each consist, as in the case of FIG. 13, from a concrete mass, which is reinforced with the aid of metallic inserts 60.

The blocks 53 and the plates or panels 61 are uniformly adhered to the skeleton 51, a monolithic; Support plate formed will.

To produce these support plates, the units consisting of the blocks 53 and possibly the plates 61 are placed next to one another arranged to form "lower formwork which is set down on supports. The inserts 60 are then placed in the channels 59 are arranged, and concrete masses are poured into this channel 59 to form the beams 52. Then a Grid placed on the blocks 53, and concrete masses are poured over this grid to form the concrete layer 54, which connects the beams 52 to one another at the top.

In the embodiment of Figure 17, the elements 51, 52, 53, 54 and 60 are identical to those of FIG.

However, inserts 70 are provided between the blocks 53 adjacent to one another, and these inserts can accommodate slats 72, on which at 7 3 an end plate 74 can be nailed. If the insert 70 can be nailed directly, the Unfold slat 72. This embodiment makes it possible to prevent that in the event of a fire, the molten mass of the material of the blocks 5 3 'can spread. Furthermore

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609883 / 13S9

In this way, the cracks that are often caused by expansion caused by the insulating materials, as the parts ensuring thermal insulation (inserts 70 and blocks 73) are kept separate from one another. Therefore, their reaction no longer affects the end plate 74, which is connected to the slat 72, which in turn is attached to the concrete.

In the examples shown, the support plate is horizontal, but the invention is also applicable to the case of an analogous support vault applicable, in which the blocks or the units formed by the blocks and plates or fields next to one another in an arc shape are arranged and in which this covering concrete mass also extends below in the same way.

3ei the illustrated embodiments is made of concrete Part of the support plate is reinforced with normal concrete inserts, but pre-stressed wires could also be used Find.

In the figures 3 to 25 roof panels are shown. The depicted Roof element has a base plate 101 made of a thermally insulating material and preferably made of polystyrene, Polyurethane, plaster of paris or agglomerated wood. The base plate 101 carries blocks 102 of plastic, such as polystyrene. The identical blocks 102 adhere to the top surface of the plate 101, for which any known means can be used.

In the first example, the blocks 102 have parallel, identical grooves 103 in their upper surfaces, which extend over a Part of the height of these blocks 102 extend. The lateral vertical surfaces of the grooves are upright and flat. In in the second case, blocks 102 'are interposed analogously Troughs 103 ', the bottom of which is formed by the upper surface of the plate 101. Furthermore, the vertical ones have lateral Curses of the gutters 103 'small, lateral and opposite one another Grooves that are bell-shaped upwards and the anchoring of the blocks 102 'by means of the poured-in materials

609883/1359

then enable in the channels 103 *. Finally make up also in the third case the blocks 102 ″ between one another Gutters 103 ″, which are analogous to the aforementioned gutters, themselves however, like the first ones, extend over part of the height of these blocks 102 ″. Furthermore, blocks 102 have ″ 'in their lower part springs and 2iuten for mutual engagement, such as can be seen well in FIG.

It should be noted that in the second and third cases the upper surface of the blocks 102 'and 102 "in the transverse direction is arched on the inside to form a means for draining water that may enter between the cover elements of the roof, and also to allow good air circulation under these cover elements.

The grooves 103, 103 'or 103' 'are used to accommodate armored Concrete beams 104. The beams 104 thus each consist of a concrete mass 105 which is reinforced with the help of steel inserts 106 is. The top surfaces of beams 104 are at the same level as blocks 102, 102 'or 102 ". The beams 104 forming concrete is made of lightweight and compressible Components, as a result of which the concrete can be nailed in the hardened state. On the beams 104 there are also slats 107 made of wood nailed, which have previously been attached perpendicular to the directions of these beams 104. It should be noted that the external Ends of the inlays 106 protrude laterally from the 3alken 104 and thus from the prefabricated roof element.

As FIG. 19 shows, the new roof element can be produced in a simple and easy manner in a factory or in a workshop will. For this purpose, a formwork 108 is used, which essentially has a floor 109 and side walls 110 of which two opposite each other have a lower surface that corresponds to the inclination of the slopes of the roof is inclined.

To produce the roof element in the formwork 103, the base plate 101 is first placed on the floor 109. Afterward the synthetic blocks 102, 102 'or 102' 'on the

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Plate 101 arranged, where they are made to adhere, for example in the '.iege the gluing. The inserts 106 are then arranged in the channels 103, 103 'or 103 ″, the ends of the inserts 106 passing through openings provided in the side walls 110 and extending in the same way beyond these walls. The concrete masses 105 are then ^{poured into the channels 103, 103 1} or 103 ″ up to the upper edge of the blocks 102, 102 ′ or 102 ″ and around the inserts 106. After the concrete mass 105 has hardened and thus after the 3 beams 104 have been formed, the prefabricated element reached is demoulded and the battens 107 are nailed onto these beams 104.

The roof essentially consists of roof elements arranged side by side in a horizontal row around each roof wing to build. In an advantageous manner, the lower edges of the roof elements are in a horizontal upper edge for each roof wing Reinforced concrete beams embedded in the corresponding load-bearing wall or grouted there. On the other hand are the top margins the roof elements of the * two roof wings in turn in a gable beam made of "reinforced concrete.

The side by side arrangement of the roof elements in a horizontal row takes place on suitable supports, the lower Find support on the highest ceiling.

For pouring, potting or sealing the lower edges of the Roof elements on the supporting walls are worked according to Figure 21.

The supporting wall consists of parallel plates 111 and 112 with blocks 113 between them. The plates 111 and 112 and the Blocks 113 delimit on the one hand a horizontal upper channel 114, which is open at the top, and two vertical ones, not shown Gutters that are in communication with the upper gutter 114. The horizontal and vertical gutters are used to pour the 3 beams made of reinforced concrete, which form the skeleton of the supporting wall.

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609883/1359

Before pouring the concrete into the aforementioned channels in the supporting wall Main contributions 115 are made. Then the lower edges of the roof elements are placed on the upper edge of the Plates 111 and 112 arranged such that the beams 104 face the upper channel 114 and the lower ends of the inserts 106 of these beams 104 protrude into the upper channel 114. Then concrete masses 116 are poured into the grooves of the supporting wall, whereby the beams 104 of the roof element with parts of the The skeleton of the supporting wall is firmly connected.

On the other hand, it is used to fasten the upper edges of the roof element worked on the ridge beam according to FIG.

A polyurethane plate 117 is placed between the upper edges of the roof elements, which are kept at a small distance from one another or a polystyrene mold 113 is arranged, which is supported by a support 119. It is thus between the top lateral Areas of the roof elements and the plate 117 or the shape 118 a channel 120 is formed, which is open at the top and serves as formwork for the ridge beam. It should be noted that the upper ends of the inserts 106 of the beams 104 protrude into this formwork. Then inserts 121 are in the same formwork introduced, and the protruding ends of the inserts 106 are connected there. The ends of the gutter 120 v / earth completed, and a concrete mass 122 is poured around the inlays 121. Thus a monolithic skeleton is achieved, which is formed by all the supporting beams of the walls and ceilings and by the beams 104 and the ridge beam of the roof.

In the three selected examples, the beams 104 as well as the ridge beam and the beams of the skeleton of FIG Reinforced concrete load-bearing walls. However, the invention also covers the case in which these elements consisting of reinforced concrete pre-stressed concrete, in which case the inserts are replaced by pre-stressed steel wires with high resistance are, these prestressing wires twisted or braided and tensioned before pouring the concrete and after Hardening of the concrete can be relaxed.

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609883/1359

The invention can of course also be used in the sun on roofs, of which at least one roof wing has a double slope. In this context are the erfindungsgeruässer Thoughts can also be applied to mansard roofs.

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Claims (26)

Claims ( 1.) Construction elements, characterized in that they consist of cast concrete and that at least one field (1) made of a thermally insulating material serves as a formwork for the concrete and is firmly connected to the concrete after it has hardened. 2. Construction elements according to claim 1, characterized that the thermally insulating material is expanded polyurethane or expanded polystyrene. 3. Construction elements according to claim 1 or 2, _r, characterized in that they form a Tragnauer, the at least one field (1) made of a thermally insulating material, the thickness of which essentially corresponds to that of the wall to be produced, vertical, optionally reinforced concrete columns (11) / which are cast in the mass of the fields (1) and have a horizontal beam (12) which is in contact with the upper edge of the fields (1) and fixed to the upper ends of the columns (11) to form a skeleton connected is. 4. Construction elements according to claim 3, characterized in that the horizontal bar (12) with the upper edge of the field or fields (1) is in contact, is a reinforced concrete beam, which may be on at least part of its height is received in a channel (6) in the upper edge of the field or fields (1). - 22 - 609883/1359 5. Construction elements according to claim 3 or 4, in which the Box has vertical holes and an upper horizontal gutter that is used to cast the pillars and the beam of the skeleton after Arrangement of inserts or reinforcements or prestressed wires are used, characterized in that the field of at least one relatively thick body (27) made of a thermally insulating material and at least a relatively thin cover plate (32) is formed, at least one of the surfaces of the holes and the pouring channel for the columns (21) and the beam (22) of the skeleton is formed by the cover plate (32). 6. Construction elements according to claim 5, characterized in that the body (27) of the field on one its surfaces on the one hand vertical grooves (30,31) with three sides and on the other hand an upper horizontal recess (34) with two sides, while the cover plate (32), which is applied against this surface of the body (27) of the field, laterally these vertical grooves (30,31) and this upper horizontal recess (34) of the body (27) to form the Formwork of the skeleton closes. 7. Construction elements according to claim 5, characterized in that the body (27) of the filling field one of its surfaces on the one hand vertical grooves (30) with three sides and on the other hand an upper horizontal recess (34) has two sides, while the cover plate (32) is at a distance from this surface (29) of the body (27) of the field with the interposition of inserts (36) and with these the vertical channels (30) and the upper horizontal recess (34) of the body (27) closes to form the formwork of the skeleton. - 23 - 609883/1 359 8. Structural elements according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that the field consists of two relatively thick half-fields (41,42) made of a thermally insulating material, which are arranged equidistant from one another with the interposition of inserts (43), which one another opposite half-fields (41 ₇ 42) on the one hand have vertical grooves (30) with three sides and on the other hand upper horizontal recesses (34) with two sides and the inserts (43) with the opposite vertical grooves the vertical pouring holes for the columns (21) of the skeleton and, in addition, limit the horizontal pouring channel (34) for the bar (22) of the skeleton with the opposite horizontal recesses (34). 9. Construction elements according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that g that the concrete filler between the body of the field, the cover plate (32) and the deposits (43) are cast outside the pillars (21) of the skeleton. 10. Construction elements according to any one of claims 5-9, characterized in that the or each body (27) of the field is made of a plastic such as Polystyrene or polyurethane, and that the or each cover plate (32) made of plastic, made of asbestos cement Plaster of paris, metal, wood, or agglomerated wood. 11. Construction elements according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they have a support plate or arch for an insulating ceiling or vault, which has a reinforced concrete skeleton, that of longitudinal and / or transverse beams (52) is formed and to which prefabricated blocks (53), preferably made of plastic, adhere or are attached, optionally at least one plate (61) made of plastic or plaster of paris against and under these blocks (53) extends. - 24 - 609883/1359 12. Construction elements according to claim 11, characterized in that that the blocks (53) are arranged side by side, the adjacent edges of the side by side arranged blocks (53) optionally engage with one another. 13. Construction elements according to claim 11, characterized in that the of the plate (61) or the field carried blocks (53) are arranged equidistant from one another and attached to the plate (61). 14. Construction elements according to any one of claims 11-13, characterized in that the upper surface (63) of the blocks (53) has longitudinal and / or transverse grooves for receiving of skeletal beams. 15. Construction elements according to any one of claims 11-14, characterized in that the blocks (53) between each other longitudinal and / or transverse channels (59) as a seat form for skeleton beams (52). 16. Construction elements according to any one of claims 11-15, characterized in that the beams (52) are connected to one another by a concrete layer (54), which is arranged at least on all of the blocks (53). 17. Construction elements according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they form roof elements which have a base plate (101) made of a thermally insulating material, which carries blocks (102) made of plastic, which in turn have parallel channels (103) in their surface. have as a seat for beams (104) made of reinforced or prestressed, nailable concrete and / or form between them, the inlays (106) or the prestressed wires of the concrete protruding outward at the ends of the channels (103). - 25 - 609883/1359 18. Construction elements according to claim 17, characterized in that the bars (104) from Reinforced or prestressed concrete carry wooden or analog nailed battens (107) perpendicular to the beams (104) are aligned. 19. A method for the production of construction elements by pouring concrete into a formwork, characterized in that the formwork consists of at least one Field consists of a thermally insulating material that is to be firmly connected to the concrete. 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that it is marked e t that, on an appropriate basis, at least one panel of thermally insulating material having a thickness like that of a wall to be made, that this field after the dressing vertical holes possesses, which lead from its lower edge to its upper edge, in which metallic inserts are housed can and which are arranged at predetermined intervals along the length of the panels that in each of the holes columns of concrete are poured and that the upper ends of the pillars cast in this way by means of a horizontal beam be connected to each other by pouring this concrete beam in a gutter in the upper edge of the Panels is provided, and in which the vertical holes end. 21. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that that a support plate or vault for insulating ceilings or vaults is made with the aid prefabricated blocks, optionally supported on at least one plate, with a lower formwork in these blocks and / or between the same longitudinal and / or transverse grooves that are open at the top, with longitudinal and / or transverse inserts are arranged in these channels, with concrete in these channels to form beams as a component a skeleton made of reinforced concrete is cast, on which skeleton the blocks and possibly the plate 609883/135 9 - 26 - adhere, and finally a top layer of concrete is poured at least onto the blocks. 22. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that that a roof element is prefabricated by horizontally placing a base plate from a thermally insulating 2-Imaterial is provided on the base plate made of blocks Plastic are arranged, which have parallel grooves in their upper surfaces and / or form between two sides, by placing steel inserts or pre-stressed wires in these channels, the ends of which exit from the channels, by sealing the ends of the gutters around the liners or wires and by putting concrete in these gutters around these inserts or the wires that are initially tensioned and relaxed after the concrete has hardened. 23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in e t that wooden or analog slats on the beams of reinforced or prestressed concrete perpendicular to the beams to be nailed on. 24. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that that roof elements according to claim 17 or 18 are produced by roof elements according to the inclination of the roof wing be arranged side by side, with the base plate facing downwards and by the lower edges of the Roof elements cast in a horizontal upper beam made of reinforced or prestressed concrete of the corresponding load-bearing wall and by the upper edges of these roof elements further in a time beam made of reinforced or prestressed Concrete to be poured. 25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that that for pouring the lower edges of the roof elements in the horizontal upper beam of the supporting wall, the protruding the lower ends of the inserts or pre-tensioned wires of these roof elements are arranged in a horizontal formwork, - 27 - 609883/1359 the ± i of the supporting wall is provided and the one with two in the same Way connected to the supporting wall provided vertical formwork, the horizontal and vertical formwork are equipped with inserts or pre-stressed wires and by pouring concrete mass into these formworks Formation of a single rigid or rigid structure between the beams of the roof element, the upper beam and the vertical one Beam of the supporting wall. 26. The method according to claim 24 or 25, characterized e t that for pouring the upper edges of the roof elements in the ridge beam, a shuttering base between the upper ones Edges is arranged to form an upper gutter, which is closed at its ends, with the protruding upper Parts of the inserts or prestressed wires of these roof elements are arranged in this channel that longitudinal inserts or prestressed Line wires are placed in the gutter and that a concrete mass in these gutters around the deposits or the prestressed Wires. Is poured in, which are initially tensioned and then relaxed after the concrete has hardened. 609883/1359 Blank page