DE2154770A1 - Drafting system for synthetic fibers - Google Patents

Description

12.464 / 5 30 / Yes

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8500 NUREMBERG KESSLEKPLATZl

Antonio Lorenzo Garcia, Madrid / Spain Drafting system for synthetic fibers

The invention relates to a drafting system for textiles Processable synthetic fibers, in particular for acrylic fibers.

As a result of the breaking of the fiber material, considerable amounts of waste arise in the known drafting systems. So far it was it is not possible to remove this waste because of its beading and its * short length to be further processed in the spinning mill. Rather, they could only be used for the production of cast or similar objects, i.e. by melting them » as is known per se in a similar way from scrap, which in a certain ratio with new raw material is mixed.

Attempts have already been made to recycle the waste by mixing it with other spinning eggs during the stretching process to use. Here, however, no significant successes could be achieved so far, since waste fibers only xu

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relatively small percentage could be added. Experience has shown that "up to now, acrylic waste fibers could not be added to the new fibers in a proportion of more than 3%.

The aim of the invention is now to create the possibility to obtain a perfect finished product even with a large proportion of waste fibers.

To solve this problem, it is proposed according to the invention that a drafting system of the type mentioned with a Feed device is provided, in which the material to form a uniform fiber web in which the fibers in Are aligned in the longitudinal direction essentially parallel to one another, aligned and distributed, and that the feed device an endless conveyor belt and then a set of at least four rollers which the Material passes through one after the other until it emerges from the last roller ™ as the desired web, i. H. so as a Paserbahn, theirs Thickness and view is variable and in which the pasers are aligned approximately parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction. The design is preferably such that the web coming from the feed device is from one of the first elements of the actual drafting system forming the first pair of corrugated rollers, which combs in the longitudinal direction and rolls

adjustable! pressure, of which one is fixed and the other is resiliently mounted, that the Paserbahn

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held back between the first corrugating rollers and at the same time fed to a draw roller and thereby pressed against the circumference of a large roller for post-stretching the material and that the fiber web then enters a second pair of corrugating rollers, which forms the first element of the material delivery device, from where it is transferred to one Transport table and eu a winding device arrives.

The drafting system according to the invention therefore has the essential advantage that the waste resulting from the breaking of the material in the conventional drafting systems can still be used. It is also particularly suitable for processing a material that contains 100 % waste fibers without resulting in even the slightest disadvantages for the subsequent spinning. The material recovered by means of the drafting system according to the invention, when it is spun again into acrylic fibers and optionally woven, achieves a resale price that is far higher than if the waste was only sold as melted or cast material;

In principle, there is the drafting system according to the invention from three sections, which the material passes through one after the other:

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1. A feeding device in which the material is aligned and distributed so that a uniform Layer with fibers running essentially parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction is created, *

2. the actual drafting system, in which the material is stretched and combed and

3. the delivery device that takes over the fiber web and transported to a winding device that prepares the material for further processing.

Further features, details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawing and from the subclaims. Show it:

Figure 1 schematically shows the interacting parts of the invention » according to the drafting system;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of two feed rollers;

FIG. 3 shows part of the actual drafting system in a side view in the direction of movement;

Figure 4 · schematically the two main components of the actual Drafting system in their interaction;

Figure 5 is a representation corresponding to Figure 1 to a certain extent Scope of modified drafting equipment;

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FIG. 6 shows a representation corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 5 third embodiment of a plug-in mechanism according to the invention;

FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal section through a take-off roller and FIG. 8 shows a cross section along line VIII-VIII in FIG.

The feed device of the device according to the invention has an endless conveyor belt 1, which brings in the material to be processed and, in FIG. Alignment rollers, 2, 3, 4 and 5 feeds, soft the material passes through one after the other. A web is delivered from the last roller 5, the thickness and density of which can be controlled and in which the fibers are oriented approximately parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction.

Each of the rollers 2-5 consists of a number of metal disks 6, which are arranged at an even distance from one another, the distance being maintained by spacer disks 7 of smaller diameter. The metal disks 6 are sawtooth-like on their circumference, the front edge of the saw teeth, which lies radially to the disk, being directed forward in the direction of rotation of the roller. The rollers 2-5 rotate, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 1, in each case in opposite directions. Adjacent rollers 2-5 are aligned in such a way that the metal disks 6 of one roller lie opposite the spacer disk 7 of the other roller. The peripheral speeds

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of the conveyor belt 1 "or the rollers 2-5 are selected so that that the speed of the roller 2 is greater than that of the conveyor belt 1, but less than that of the roller 3. the Roller 4 runs faster than roller 3 »roller 5 for its part faster than roller 4. As a result of this gradual Increasing the speed, the material is not transferred from each roller to the next one, but rather through the following roller is removed from the previous roller, the first roller 2 in turn removing the material from the endless Conveyor belt 1 takes over.

It is easy to understand that with an appropriate choice of the speeds of the rollers 2-5 "and starting from one constant speed of the conveyor belt 1 after the feed roller 5 and a fiber web of different thicknesses Density can be obtained. The metal disks 6 of the feed rollers 2-5 are adapted to the requirements with regard to the distance, the shape and the dimensions of the teeth provided on the circumference of the material to be treated.

The paserbahn with the fibers aligned in the longitudinal direction, which runs off the roller 5, is through the first element of the actual drafting system, a pair of corrugated rollers 8, taken over. The two corrugated rollers 8 mesh with one another. The pressure between the corrugated rollers 8 is variable, one of the rollers being fixed and the other being resiliently mounted. The rolling

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couple 8 holds the material coming from roller 5 "and transfers it to a tension roller 9, which brings it up to the circumference of a large roller 10. With the circumference of the roller 10 a feed roller 11 works together to stretch the material The material retained somewhat by the Mffei rollers 8 then passes between a second pair of corrugated rollers 12, which is the first element of the material dispensing device. From here the stretched material arrives on a table 13, for example also a conveyor belt that turns it into a winding device .14 forwards.

Both the large roller 10 and the press roller 11 have special properties which, in cooperation with the allow the said speed change the stretching of the fibers, which are formed as a web by the first pair of corrugating rollers 8 be held back.

The large roller 10 is like the feed rollers 2-5 from one Number of metal disks 15 composed by means of spacers. 16 are kept at the same distance from each other. The spacers have a smaller diameter and can If necessary, be replaced by wedge-like, sector-shaped parts that are corresponding to a carrier or a cylindrical cage can be stored. In either case, however, there will be an arrangement in which the peripheral edges

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of the metal disks 15 with their approximately triangular teeth I7 (Figure 4 ·) are precisely aligned and leave a free space or grooves between them in the axial direction into which the am Perimeter protruding elements 18 of the pressure roller 11 can freely engage, the elements 18 each being a rounded one Have edge, which the Paserbahn 19 to the bottom of a on the spacers 16 or corresponding elements provided channel 20 presses.

As a result of the braking of the web by the corrugating rollers 8 and the forceful gripping of the front ends of the fibers within the channels 20, which extend over the entire length of the large .Walze 10, which at a greater speed as the upstream rollers 2-5 runs, the fibers in the drafting system according to the invention are flawless stretched.

The device according to the invention can be improved in that ¹ the feed section is separated from the actual drafting system, the distribution and alignment of the fibers in the feed section are not impaired by the work breaks and interruptions in the drafting system, and vice versa. In this case, the feed device works for itself and the processed material is stored in tubs or other suitable containers and forms a material reserve through which the second section (actual drafting system) and * It is then

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the third section (discharge device) can continue to run if an interruption occurs in the first section This reserve is replenished in that the first section (feed device) continues to work, even if in the others Sections interruptions occur. It must be taken into account that in view of the quality of the processed Pasern Interruptions occur fairly frequently, the interruptions or downtimes in the aforementioned training can be reduced to half the time.

With such a separation between the feed section and the actual drafting system, changes must be made to the feed device constituent elements. In this case, it becomes the rollers that align the fibers 2, 3 and 4-, 5 are not arranged one behind the other and do not run with increasing speed. Instead, the rollers are arranged in pairs on top of each other (2, 3 »4» 5) so that two stages are formed, at the respective outlet of which there are take-off rollers for easier transfer of the material to the tubs or the like can be provided.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, take-off or take-off rollers 30 are provided, which, as already mentioned, are only required to avoid wrapping of fibers around the feed rollers 2-5 if the feed device is separated from the actual drafting system and around from the

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To apply corrugating roller pairs 8 granted train, because these now form the first part of the drafting system and at the entrance of the second section of the treatment phase are provided.

The actual drafting system is also modified somewhat in the embodiment according to FIG. 5 in order to be able to process very stiff fibers. For this purpose, a further pressure roller 31 is assigned to the large roller W 10, which is arranged behind the pressure roller 11, but is otherwise constructed essentially like the pressure roller 11. Another change is that immediately behind the large roller 10 a take-off roller 30 is provided, which, like the previously arranged take-off rollers 30, is preferably provided with tips that protrude or retract, as will be explained in detail below target.

As can be seen in FIG. 5, the second pressure roller 31 has a larger diameter than the pressure roller 11. As a result, it also has a greater number of circumference protruding elements 18, which are at the same time with the channels 20 of the large roller 10 in connection. In these channels the protruding elements 18 insert a larger amount of fibers, which leads to the breakage of those fibers which are not already were broken due to the action of the first pressure roller 11.

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The attachment of the take-off roller 30 at the outlet of the large one Roller 10 prevents the fibers from being wound onto the element in question and facilitates the transfer of the Easerbahn to the second pair of corrugating rollers 12 which form the first element of the dispenser for the stretched material. In the A smoothing roller pair is provided, which has a lower smooth roller 32 and an upper corrugated roller having. The corrugated roller 33 is attached to a pivot arm 34, which can be pivoted about the shaft 35. This pair of smoothing rollers has a smoothing effect on the fiber web 19 exercised, whereby the thickness of the web is somewhat reduced and the web is prepared for better winding at 14 *.

In the embodiment according to Figure 6, after the Feed device is not separated from the actual drafting system, the two provided in the area of the feed roller 2-5 Take-off rollers 30 not available. In addition, that is missing first pair of corrugated rollers 8, so that the material directly from the second alignment stage formed by the rollers 4 and 5 the tension roller 9 is supplied, which delivers it to the large roller 10. In this embodiment the first pair of corrugating rollers moved into the delivery section (also designated there by 12), which is attached to the second Corrugating roller pair 12 connects to the effect of the second corrugating roller pair 12 by increasing the on the still

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to increase the tension exerted by the strands held by the stretching device and thus to cause the fibers to be broken to lengths which correspond to about half the usual fiber length have to be shortened, in a subsequent treatment process on a machine according to Figure 6, the fiber so that it can be spun, shortened to half the length compared to the originally obtained * It can then be used for certain products, for example thick belts and ropes for the Shipping, can be processed further immediately.

In FIG. 6, a collecting funnel is designated by 36, which receives the fiber web fed by the pair of corrugated rollers 12 and in which the width of the fiber web is reduced so that it can be fed to the smoothing rollers 32,33. These ™ arrangement is known from other textile machines to cut the fiber web to be subdivided into roving without twisting.

In Figures 7 and 8 is a longitudinal or cross section through the take-off rollers 30 shown,. as a result of their equipment with essentially radial tips prevent the fibers from being able to wind up. With these take-off rollers 30 the tips are shifted back and forth in a sequence that is repeated with each roller rotation, i.e. sunk into the roller surface, the adjustment of the * will

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Tips are made gradually so that they are at a time half a turn from the furthest feed position into the get completely withdrawn position. Because of this configuration, the fibers are removed from the preceding roller Taken for the furthest protruding peaks; at the same time the fibers are transferred to the following roller, without fibers getting stuck, because in this one Moment the tips are withdrawn and the material is not thrown off the side of the roll shell.

As FIGS. 7 and 8 clearly show, the exist Take-off rollers 30 from a hollow cylindrical outer body 40, the shell of which has a series of bores 41, which over the same distance and are arranged in longitudinal rows. The ends of the cylindrical outer body 40 are through an end plate 42, which is in one piece with the outer body 40, as well as by an attached end plate 43. The end plates 42 and 43 have recesses for receiving on their end faces of bearings 44 which serve as pivot points for the rigid inner part. The end plate 43 has a movable Wave 45, which in a known manner with its end with a Transmission gear is coupled. The other end plate penetrates a fixed shaft 46 with the inner ring or wie.des corresponding bearing 44 is connected and üomit over the bearing 44 with its end on the opposite one. ; Joitü of .Endplatte 43 is mounted so that the two Lagerdo: j from the outer body 40, the end plates 42, 43

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• and the movable shaft 45 "existing component are formed .

The built-in part consists of the fixed shaft 46 and a Pair of plates 47 or elements for increasing the diameter of the shaft 46 at its end. Each of the plates 47 has a circular groove or guide 48 on their respective surface facing the other plate. Both guides 48 are opposite one another the rotating shaft 46 is arranged eccentrically to the same extent. In these guides are the ends of one Carrier 49 for the tips 50 forming rods movably mounted. The tips 50 penetrate the outer body 40 in the Holes 41.

If now the outer body 40 rotates, it takes the tips 50 and with you the carrier 49, which at their ends in the Guides 48 are guided with. As a result, the tips 50 or rods 49 cyclically approach the center of the shaft 46, this process being repeated with each rotation through 360 °. The peaks 50 are located once for each cycle in their outermost, advanced position (Figures 7 and 8, above) from which they are then gradually withdrawn into the interior of the jacket 40 (FIGS. 7, 8 below). The frame for the bearings as well as the gears, which the rotation of the rollers forming the drafting system or the like with corresponding

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the speed "and the covering of the parts mentioned are not essential for the invention, which is why they are not shown in the drawing. Of course, it is possible to make changes to the device according to the invention to adapt it to the materials to be processed or the intended purpose .

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Claims (13)

■ ¹⁶ ~ · 215Λ7.70 Patent (protection) claims ^ n ή Drafting system for synthetic fibers that can be processed into textiles, in particular for acrylic fibers, characterized in that it is provided with a feed device in which the Material with the formation of a uniform paserbane, in »'Which the fibers are aligned in the longitudinal direction essentially parallel to one another, aligned and distributed is, and that the feed device is an endless conveyor belt (1) and then a set of at least 4 rollers (2-5), which the material passes through one after the other until it comes out of the last roller (5) as desired Railway exits. 2. Drafting system according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the feed rollers (2-5) consists of a number of metal disks (6) which are evenly spaced apart from one another by means of spacer disks (7) of smaller diameter and which are provided with sawtooth-like projections on their peripheral edge, whose leading edge, which is located radially to the disc (6), is directed forwards in the direction of rotation of the roller, the first (2) and third (4) of the 4 feed rollers (2-5) rotating in one direction, while the second (3 ) and the fourth (5) turn in the opposite direction - _t and always 209870/0957 the last roller (5) passes the material to the actual drafting system (10, 11, 31) from below. 3. Drafting system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that with adjacent feed rollers (2,3; 3 »4-» 4,5) the metal disks (6) of one roller, the spacers (7) of the other roller are opposite, but not touching each other. 4. drafting system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the speed of rotation of the feed rollers (2-5) is different from the previous one Roller to the following roller increases, so that the fiber material (19) through the subsequent roller from the each preceding roller and is withdrawn by the first roller (2) from the endless conveyor belt (1). 5. Drafting system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the web (19) coming from the feed device (1-5) from one of the first
Element of the actual drafting system (10,11,31) forming the first pair of corrugated rollers (8) is taken over, which meshes in the longitudinal direction and rollers of adjustable pressure, one of which is fixed and the other is resiliently mounted, that the fiber web between the first corrugated rollers return- 209820/0957 held and at the same time fed to a draw roller (11) and thereby to the circumference of a large roller (10) for After stretching the material is pressed, and that the Paserbahn (19) is then in a second pair of Eiffel rollers (12) enters, which forms the first element of the material delivery device, from where it is transferred to a transport table (13) and arrives at a winding device (14). 6. Drafting system according to claim 5 »characterized in that the large roller (10) consists of a number by means of spacers (16) smaller diameter equally spaced metal disks (15) consists that the peripheral edges the metal disks are provided with triangular, precisely aligned teeth (17), and that elements (18) of the press rollers protruding into the spaces between the metal disks (15) or the teeth (17) (11,31) intervene, each of which has a rounded edge which the Paserbahn (19) against the base of an in Axial direction of the large roller running on the spacers (16) the arranged channel (20). 7. connector according to claim 6, characterized in that instead of the spacer disks (16) fastened to a carrier or to a cylindrical cage, sector-shaped edge elements are provided. 209870/0957 8. drafting system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed device (1-5) is separated from the other parts of the machine and the feed rollers (2-5) are each arranged in pairs in one or more successive stages one above the other are, at the outlet of each pair of feed rollers (2,3i 4.5) a pick-up roller (30) provided with tips (50) is arranged is. 9. Drafting system according to claim 8, characterized in that the actual drafting system has an additional press roller (31) which cooperates with the large roller (10) and which essentially corresponds to the first press roller (11) to which it is arranged, but larger Diameter, and that at the outlet of the actual drafting system there is a take-off roller (30) provided with alternating forward and backward points (50) for transferring the material to * a corrugating roller pair (12), which alone or together with a second corrugating roller pair (12 ) forms the first element of the material dispensing device. 10. drafting system according to one or more of claims 5 9, characterized in that the material delivery device following the second pair of corrugating rollers (12), a pair of smoothing rollers (32, 33) arranged one above the other whose lower (32) is smooth, while the upper (33) 209870/0957 has a corrugation, and that at least, the upper one Roller (55) on an arm 04 pivotably mounted on a shaft (55) freely opposite the lower roller (32). is movably attached. 11. Drafting system according to one or more of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that each take-off roller (50) has a hollow cylindrical outer body ( ² K)) which in its wall has a number of bores (4- 1), with an integrally formed end plate (42) and an attached end plate (45) being provided on the end faces of the body (40), which have recesses on their inner end faces for receiving the outer rings of two bearings (44) which are the pivot points of a internal built-in form. 12. Drafting system according to claim 11, characterized in that one of the end plates (45) by means of a rotatable shaft (45) is extended, the end of which is coupled in a known manner with a drive, while through the other end plate (42) a shaft (46) mounted in the bearings (44) and to which the inner built-in part is fastened is carried out freely which consists of a pair of plates (47) or other, Increase the diameter of the shaft (46) at the ends ₍ Elements consists, with a circular groove or guide on each of the opposite surfaces of the two plates (47) 209870/0957 $ 215477 (48) is provided, which TiMiraftitraringgia compared to the Shaft (46) are arranged eccentrically to the same extent. 13. Drafting system according to claim 11 and 12, characterized in that that in the two guides (48) of the opposing plates (37) the ends of rods (49) are movable engage, which each form the support for a series of tips (50) that form the wall of the outer body (40) enforce in the bores (41) so that when the outer body is rotated, the tips with each revolution of the outer body gradually between an advanced position in which the tips protrude over the outer body, and a retracted position in which the tips are within the outer body, are adjustable. ; O 9 8 l fi / η '- [, 7 Lee rs e i t e